Федоров М.П. и др. Информационно-компьютерные технологии в строительстве. Применение программы SCAD для расчета сооружений на динамические воздействия
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.2
CD
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1
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CD
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CD
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01
8 6 6 -
11
12 12 6 -
21
10 8 8 -
02
6 8 6 4
12
8 6 6 6
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10 6 6 4
03
10 8 6 4
13
6 8 6 4
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8 10 6 6
04
6 8 6 4
14
8 10 6 6
24
10 12 8 6
05
6 8 6 4
15
8 10 6 6
25
10 12 8 6
06
10 12 8 6
16
10 12 8 6
26
6 8 6 4
07
6 8 6 4
17
10 12 8 6
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10 8 6 4
08
10 8 6 4
18
10 12 8 6
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8 10 6 6
09
8 10 6 6
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6 8 6 4
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10 12 8 6
10
10 - 4 4
20
8 - 6 6
30
12 - 5 5
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ 1.
1). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɆɄɗ). Ɉɩɨɪɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ
ɡɚɞɟɥɨɤ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɨɞɚɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (ɋɑ) ɢ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ (ɋɎɄ) ɪɚɦɵ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
2). ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ» ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɦɵ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD:
–. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɜɟɫɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɨɬ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ ɪɚɦɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɪɢɝɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɨɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬɚɦɢ;
–.. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (ɋɑ) (ɤɪɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ) ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɜɵɯ
ɬɪɟɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ (ɋɎɄ) ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ;
–. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɋɎɄ;
–.. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɪɚɦɵ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɋɎɄ, ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ.
3). Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɋɎɄ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɢ
ɡɧɚɤɨɜ (ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɫ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɩɸɪ).
4). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɜɢɞɚ (8) ɢɡ
ɋɇɢɉ [18] (ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ).
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ 2
ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ.
1). ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɨɪɬɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɋɎɄ.
131
2) Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
i
E (i = 1, 2, 3) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɋɇɢɉ [18]
ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ I-ɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ.
3) ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
i
K ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ
i
ˤ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ (ɫɦ. [4]).ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɎɄ ( i = 1). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ
i
ˤ
.
4) ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (1), (2), (8)
ɋɇɢɉ [18] ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɎɄ.
5) ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɦɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (8) ɋɇɢɉ [18] .
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ 2.
ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ 2, ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɍɆɄ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 (ɫ. 123).
3. ɉɊɂɆȿɊɕ ȼɕɉɈɅɇȿɇɂə ɊȺɋɑȿɌɇɕɏ ɊȺȻɈɌ ɇȺ ɉɄ ɋ
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɕ SCAD ɉɈ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂɘ ɇȾɋ
ɋɈɈɊɍɀȿɇɂɃ ɈɌ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ȾɂɇȺɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂɃ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1, ɝɞɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɍɆɄ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɍɆɄ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɫ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɨɤɨɧ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ (ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ 1 ɢ 2) ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ
1 ɍɆɄ.
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɡ
ɍɆɄ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ.
ɍɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɵɥ
ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ, ɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ.
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ɋȺɇɄɌ-ɉȿɌȿɊȻɍɊȽɋɄɂɃ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɉɈɅɂɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ
ɂ
ɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɈ-ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɃ ɎȺɄɍɅɖɌȿɌ
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ
ɈɌɑȿɌ
ɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ 1
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɨɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɜ ɟɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ
(ɲɢɮɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ)
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɥ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
2009
133
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
Ⱦɚɧɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɚɥɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɚ) ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ:
ɞɥɢɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ
ɦ8
ɛ
l
; ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵ
ɦ4.0 b ɢ ɦ6.0 h .
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ȼ25 ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ: ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
33
ɛ
ɬ/ɦ5.2ɤɝ/ɦ2500 U
; ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ
525.24
ɛ
U
J
g
ɛ
ɤɇ/ɦ
3
=
3
ɬɫ/ɦ5.2
, ɝɞɟ
2
ɦ/ɫ81.9 g
– ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ;. ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ
E
= 3.00186 10
7
ɤɇ/ɦ
2
=
26
ɬɫ/ɦ1006.3 ;
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɉɭɚɫɫɨɧɚ
2.0 P .
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɛ
V ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ,
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɛ
A ɟɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɛ
m ɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ
ɛ
G
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ:
hbA
ɛ
= 0.4·0.6 =0.24 ɦ
2
;
ɛɛɛ
lAV
=
= 0.24·8 = 1.92 ɦ
3
;
ɛɛɛ
Vm U = 2500·1.92 = 4800 ɤɝ = 4.8 ɬ; gmVG
J
ɛɛɛɛ
=
= 4.8·9.81 = 47.088 ɤɇ = 4800 ɤɝ = 4.8 ɬɫ.;
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1,
ɚ, ɛ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɥɤɢ
(ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɟ)
ɛɛɛ
/ lm P =
ɛɛ
AU = 0.6 ɬ/ɦ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɟ)
ɛɛ
/ lGq
=
g
ɛ
P
=
= 0.6·9.81 = 5.886 ɤɇ/ɦ = 0.6 ɬɫ/ɦ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɛɛ
ɢ q
P
(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1, ɚ, ɛ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ ɷɩɸɪ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɛɛɛ
ml
P
ɢ
ɛɛɛ
Glq ɷɬɢɯ ɷɩɸɪ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɧɟ
ɛ
l ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɢ ɜɟɫɭ ɛɚɥɤɢ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɧɟ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɪɭ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ 1
ɛɛ
P
P
ɢ 1
ɛɛ
qq , ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ «ɩɨɝɨɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ» ɢ «ɩɨɝɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ» ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɝ) ɢ ɫɢɥɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɇ ɢɥɢ ɤɝɫ).
ɉɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ
134
ɞ
m = 1500 ɤɝ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1, ɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɭ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɜɟɫɚ
81.91500
ɞɞ
gmG 14.715 ɤɇ = 1500 ɤɝɫ = 1.5 ɬɫ
(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1,
ɛ).
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɭ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ
ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɋɨɬɨɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ
ɪ
m = 300 ɤɝ = 0.3 ɬ ɢ ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ n
ɪ
= 500 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ.
Ɂɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɤɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ
tPtP
o
T
sin)(
(ɪɢɫ. 2)
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ
emP
o ɪ
2
T (ɪɢɫ. 3), ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2
ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ
gGm /
ɪɪ
, ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɷɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɫɢɬɟɬ ɦɦ5
e = 0.005 ɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɶɸ. ȼɟɫ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ
ɪ
G = (300 ɤɝ)·(9.81 ɦ/ɫ
2
) = 2940 ɇ = 300 ɤɝɫ =
0.3 ɬɫ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3
ȼ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ emP
o ɪ
2
T ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ
ɭɝɥɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ T = 2 QS = 2 60
/
nS = 6.28·(500/60) =
ɛ
P
m
ɞ
P
(
t
)
m
2
=m
ɞ
+0.5m
ɛ
P
(
t
)
m
1
=m
ɛ
/4
1
2
3
m
3
=m
ɛ
/4
ɛ)
ɚ)
o
P
t
T
e
Ɉ
135
= 6.28·8.33 = 52.3 1/ɫ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ
emP
o ɪ
2
T
= (52,3)
2
·0,3·0,005 = 4,108 ɤɇ = 0.42 ɬɫ.
(1)
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɨɜ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ
:
x ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ;
x ɨɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ tPtP
o
T
sin)( ɩɪɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ.
x ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ.
ɋɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɆɄɗ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɆɄɗ,
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ:
1. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.
2. ɋ ɞɜɭɦɹ, ɬɪɟɦɹ (ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ) ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɉɄ
ɩɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ,
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɍɆɄ ɢ ɜ [4].
1. ɉɊɂɆȿɊ ȼɕɉɈɅɇȿɇɂə ɁȺȾȺɇɂə ɉɊɂ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂɂ ȾɅə
ȾɂɇȺɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɑȿɌȺ ȻȺɅɄɂ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɋ ɈȾɇɈɃ
ɋɌȿɉȿɇɖɘ ɋȼɈȻɈȾɕ
1.1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD
1. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ
(Ɋɢɫ. 4).
ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɦ ɛɚɥɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ 2
«ɋɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ» (ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD) ɫ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (ɪɢɫ. 4).
ɛ
q
4
4
ɞ
G
Ɋɢɫ. 4
1
2
3
P
(
t
)
136
ɇɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɷɬɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ, ɬɨ
ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɵ
ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
2. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ SCAD ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɵ 1 ɢ 2
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɯ [1, 2] ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ
«ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɉɄ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ
ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɜɭɯ Ʉɗ ɬɢɩɚ 2 «ɉɥɨɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɦɚ»
(ɪɢɫ. 5).
3. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ 3 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 1 ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ
ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 2 ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
4. ɋɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 3 ɫ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ (ɫɦ. [4] ɢ
ɱɚɫɢɬ1 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɍɆɄ).
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɦ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɜ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ
«ȼɜɨɞ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ» ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ». ɇɚ ɩɨɥɟ «ȼɢɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ» ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ» ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ
ɡɚɩɢɫɶ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ɝɚɪɦ-1») ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ «ɂɦɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ».
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ» ɢ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.
.
ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɜ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ,
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɟɝɨ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
«ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ». ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ
1
2
3
1
2
11
2 2
Ɋɢɫ. 5
137
ɱɚɫɬɶ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ», ɝɞɟ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ – ɜɟɫ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɥɤɢ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ». ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɫ ɬɫ9.35.14.2
ɞ22ɛ2ɫ
GGG ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ
ɭɡɥɟ 2:
ɗɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2
(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1,ɛ), ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɟ ( tPtP
o
T sin)(). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɤ ɭɡɥɭ 2 ɢ, ɧɚɠɚɜ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɧɚ
ɦɵɲɢ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɭɡɟɥ (ɷɬɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ
ɧɟɦɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ). ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
«ɈɄ» ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɵ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ , , ɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɭɡɥɚ 2 ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ (ɪɢɫ. 6):
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɞɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ «ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ», ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɂɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɢɦɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
«ɝɚɪɦ-1» ɭɠɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ.
ɇɨ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ «ɇɨɦɟɪ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ» ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. ɇɚɞɨ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɧɨɦɟɪ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ – 3).
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ»
ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɫɯɟɦɵ ɆɄɗ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 7) ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ
D3,9
Ɋɢɫ. 6
138
ɦɚɫɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ 1.5 ɬ (ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɚɪ. 1):
.
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ» ɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ . ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ (ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ):
ȼɜɟɞɹ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɟɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɪɭ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ,
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (ɢɯ ɰɜɟɬ
ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ) ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ
ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɨɤɧɚ «Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ». ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɵ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ , , ɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɭɡɥɚ 2 ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ (ɪɢɫ. 5):
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ.
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɚɩɚ 4 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ (ɫɦ. [1, 2]).
5. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ.
ȼɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ «Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ», ɝɞɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ 3 ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ».
ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ» ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
D1,5
D0.6000
D0.6000
Ɋɢɫ. 7
139
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:
1. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɦɚɫɫ
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ȼȿɋɈȼ ɆȺɋɋ, ɬɫ |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 ɝɚɪɦ-1 |
| Z 3.9 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2. ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Ɂɚɝpɭ: N ɉ/ɉ : COȻCTB. : ɑ A C T O T ɕ : ɉEPɂOȾɕ
|ɠɟɧɢɟ ɁHAɑEHɂə:----- ---------------------:-------- - --|
|
Z
, 1/C f , Ƚɐ :
T
,C |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 1 .0138734 72.08 11.4777 .0871254 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɋɎɄ
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɎɈɊɆɕ ɄɈɅȿȻȺɇɂɃ |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 - 1 ɝɚɪɦ-1 |
| Z 1. |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɂɇȿɊɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ, ɬɫ |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 - 1 ɝɚɪɦ-1 |
|Z .87 |
| 3 - 2 |
|Z -.17 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɯ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰ. ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ
ɦɚɫɫɵ, ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.2,
ɛ).
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵ: ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ –
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɆɄɗ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ 3.9 ɬ ɜɟɫɨɦ 3.9 ɬɫ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2,
ɛ); ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ