Федоров М.П. и др. Информационно-компьютерные технологии в строительстве. Применение программы SCAD для расчета сооружений на динамические воздействия

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| ɉȿɊȿɆȿɓȿɇɂə ɍɁɅɈȼ, ɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2.8,ɜ,ɝ) |

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| 2 3 |

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| 1 - 1 ( ɜɷɭ-ɫɟɣɫɦ-2000) |

| X -.047 -.1477 |

| 1 - 2 |

| X -.0017 .0004 |

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| ɍɋɂɅɂə ȼɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺɏ, ɬɫ*ɦ, ɬɫ |

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| 2_ 1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 |

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| 1 - 1 ( ɜɷɭ-ɫɟɣɫɦ2ɷɥ) |

| M -427.617 -190.391 -190.391 |

| Q 16.3604 16.3604 13.1304 13.1304 |

| 1 - 2 |

| M -35.2414 30.9871 30.9871 |

| Q 4.56748 4.56748 -2.13704 -2.13704 |

| 1 - S1 |

| M -429.066 -192.896 -192.896 |

| Q 16.986 16.986 13.3032 13.3032 |

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ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ

QɢM

ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɋɎɄ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.9.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.9

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.9 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ:

1. ȼɢɞ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɫɥɟɜɚ) ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɫɫ. ɇɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɬɢɩɚ 2 ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ. ȼɭɡɥɟ 3 ɜɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ

121

ɝɨɧɞɨɥɵ ɫ ɜɟɬɪɨɤɨɥɟɫɨɦ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ 1 ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.7).

2. ȼɢɞ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɭɡɥɚɦ

ɫɟɬɤɢ Ʉɗ (ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɥɟɜɚ). ɗɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɛɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɤ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɢ

ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɛɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ 2 ɢ 3 ɫɯɟɦɵ.

3 ɢ 4. ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ

)127.7753.1( s ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɎɄ (2.89),

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ «ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ».

5 ɢ 6. ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ

)004.2287.6( s ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɋɎɄ (2.89),

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ «ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ».

ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦ

ɢ QM

ɷɩɸɪɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ ɷɩɸɪ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ 3 ɢ 4

ɪɢɫ. 2.9.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ

ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ

ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɋɑ ɢ ɋɎɄ.

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɫ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

(2.89) ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ:

1. ɉɪɢɦɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ

KAK ɢ,,

ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ 1 ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.7):

5.1,4.0,1

KAK .

2. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (3) ɋɇɢɉ [18] (ɫɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ

ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ I ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.7) ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ:

2.1. ɉɪɢ

ɫ4.0665.0

! T 939.1665.0/4.05.2)/4.0(5.2 E T .

2.2. ɉɪɢ

ɫ1.0089.0

 T 335.2089.0151151   E T .

3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ (2.91) ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ

)...,,2,1( ni

K ɢ (2.90) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ

ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɋɎɄ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɋɎɄ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ:

313131

1554.1

3187.0

77.9

54.7

)13187.0(

77.9

54.7

)13187.0(

)(

uuu



 K

yGy

Gey

uGu

Geu

K K

1554.1

3682.0

3187.0

1554.1

3111111

uyu

222222

63.0

2459.0

77.9

54.7

)2459.01(

77.9

54.7

)2459.01(

)(

uuu





 K

yGy

Gey

uGu

Geu



K K

1549.0

63.0

2459.0

63.0

2222222

uyu

ɉɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.92) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ

122





1549.0

63.0

1554.1

3682.0

e .

4. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ (2.89) ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɋɎɄ:



13.13

23.3

1554.1

3682.0

77.9

54.7

5.1939.14.01

s ɬɫ.





12.2

65.6

1549.0

63.0

77.9

54.7

5.1335.24.01

s ɬɫ.

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 1 ɫ

ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD.

ɉɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.9) ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɛɚɲɧɢ ȼɗɍ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɆɄɗ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ

ɭɫɢɥɢɣ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ

ɛɚɲɧɢ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ȼɗɍ (ɪɢɫ. 2.10):

07.429)24.35()62.427(

 Ɇ ɬɫ·ɦ;

99.16)57.4()36.16(

 Q ɬɫ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.10

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ SCAD ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ

ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ [23].

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɜ ɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.

Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ

ɱɚɫɬɢ 2 ɍɆɄ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ

ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ

ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ 3, 4 ɢ 5.

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ SCAD ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ

ɷɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧ

ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ.

Q = 16.99 ɬɫ M = 429.07 ɬɫ·ɦ

123

Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɤ ɍɆɄ

1. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ

ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD: ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ. ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-

ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. 2008. 450ɫ.

2. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. ɑ.1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ

ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD: ɍɱɟɛɧ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ.

ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. 2008. 260ɫ.

3. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɯ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD. ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ.

2007. 87 ɫ.

4. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2007. 124ɫ.

5. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɑ. 1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ

ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ: ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. Ʌɉɂ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ʌɉɂ, 1974.

6. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɑ. 2. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɢɧ ɧɚ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ: ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. Ʌɉɂ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ʌɉɂ, 1976.

7. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɢɧ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ: ɍɱɟɛ.

ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. Ʌɉɂ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ʌɉɂ, 1989.

Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ: ɍɱɟɛ.

ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. Ʌɉɂ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ʌɉɂ, 1992.

9. ȿɥɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɉɚɧɮɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

«ȼɟɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ-ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ-ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ»: ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɋɉɛȽɉɍ,

1999. 49 ɫ.

10 Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ: ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ (ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ

ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ). Ɇ.: ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1980.

11. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ/

Ⱥ.Ɏ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜ, ȼ.ə. Ʌɚɳɟɧɤɨɜ, ɇ.ɇ. ɇ.ɇ. ɒɚɩɨɲɧɢɤɨɜ. –

Ɇ.: ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1984.

416 ɫ.

12. Ɋɠɚɧɢɰɢɧ Ⱥ.Ɋ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ., 1982.

13. Ⱦɚɪɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɒɚɩɨɲɧɢɤɨɜ ɇ.ɇ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ., 1986.

14. Ɍɢɦɨɲɟɧɤɨ ɋ.ɉ. Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ. Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1967.

15. Ʉɨɪɟɧɟɜ Ȼ.Ƚ., Ɋɚɛɢɧɨɜɢɱ ɂ.Ɇ. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɇ.: ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ,

1972.

16 Ʉɨɪɱɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ʌ. ɋɟɣɫɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ. Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ., 1971.

17. Ȼɢɪɛɪɚɟɪ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ. –ɋɉɛ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1998.

18. ɋɇɢɉ II-7-81*: ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ. ɇɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇ.:

ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 2000.

19.

ɋɬɨɣɤɢɣ Ʌ.Ɋ. Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɇ.:

ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ.1984.

20. Ɋɨɡɢɧ Ʌ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɋɦɟɥɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ

ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ʌ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɅȽɍ, 1984.

21. Ɋɨɡɢɧ Ʌ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɋɦɟɥɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ

ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ʌ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɅȽɍ, 1988.

22. ɉɟɪɟɥɶɦɭɬɟɪ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɋɥɢɜɤɟɪ ȼ.ɂ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ʉɢɟɜ: ȼɉɉ «Ʉɨɦɩɚɫ», 2001. 448 ɫ.: ɢɥ.

23. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ SCAD/ ȼ.ɋ. Ʉɚɪɩɢɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɗ.Ɂ. Ʉɪɢɤɫɭɧɨɜ,.

Ⱥ.Ⱥ Ɇɚɥɹɪɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ.ȼ

. ɉɟɪɟɥɶɦɭɬɟɪ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɪɟɥɶɦɭɬɟɪ. Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɋȼ, 2004. 592 ɫ.

24. ȿɥɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɉɚɧɮɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ

ɜɟɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɧɚ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɋɉɛȽɌɍ,

1999. 38 ɫ.

25. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ

ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD: ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ. ɑɚɫɬɶ 2.

ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. 2009. 228 ɫ.

26. ɋɇɢɉ 2.01.0785. ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ /Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɋɋɋɊ Ɇ.,1987.

124

2. ɍɑȿȻɇɕȿ ɁȺȾȺɇɂə

1. ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɉɊɈȽɂȻɈȼ ɀȿɅȿɁɈȻȿɌɈɇɇɈɃ ȻȺɅɄɂ ɂ ɂɁȽɂȻȺɘɓɂɏ

ɆɈɆȿɇɌɈȼ ȼ ȿȿ ɋȿɑȿɇɂəɏ ɉɊɂ ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɂȼɒɂɏɋə ȽȺɊɆɈɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɄɈɅȿȻȺɇɂəɏ

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ

1. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɚɥɤɚ, ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1.1) ɜ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɰɢɮɪɚɦ ɲɢɮɪɚ ABCD, ɜɵɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ

ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.1

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.1. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ a ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0.5 ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ

125

ɫɯɟɦ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɫɯɟɦ 02, 10, 18, 26, 34, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ.

2. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ:

x ɛɟɬɨɧ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ȼ25, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ

, ɤɇ/ɦ

x ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ b , ɜɵɫɨɬɭ h ,

ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ bhS

. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ hb ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2).

x ɫɢɥɚ )(

ɛɛɛ

lSG 

, ɤɇ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ

ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ lGq /

ɛɛ

, ɤɇ/ɦ, ɝɞɟ

ɦ/ɫ81.9 g –

ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.2

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ. ɇɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ

ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɟɥ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 1.1) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ

ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ gqlm //

ɛɛɛ

P , ɬ/ɦ.

Ɂɞɟɫɶ gGm

, ɬ, – ɦɚɫɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ.

3. ɇɚ ɛɚɥɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ

ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ

m (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 1), ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ al , ɦ, ɨɬ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɵ.

ȼɟɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɥɭ gmG 

ɞɞ

, ɤɇ, ɬɫ.

4. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɭ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ tPtP

T sin)( ɫɢɥɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ

T emP

, ɤɇ, ɝɞɟ:

–ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ (ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2 ɨɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɤɝ). ȼɟɫ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

ɪɚɜɟɧ

gmG 

ɪɪ

; e – ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɫɢɬɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ

ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɶɸ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.1.2 ɨɧ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɜ ɦɦ);

fS T 2 , ɪɚɞ/ɫ, 1/ɫ, – ɭɝɥɨɜɚɹ

ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ (ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɡɚ 2

S ɫ);

60/nf

, 1/ɫ, –

ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɜ 1 ɫ. (ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɡɚ 1 ɫ.);

n – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɜ

1 ɦɢɧ (ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɡɚ 60 ɫ.). ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2 ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɢɛ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ

ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ

ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ):

x ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ;

x ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ:

1) ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ; 2) ɫɞɜɭɦɹ, ɬɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ.

x ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ.

126

2. ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɍɋɂɅɂɃ, ɉȿɊȿȾȺɘɓɂɏɋə ɇȺ ɎɍɇȾȺɆȿɇɌ

ȼȿɌɊɈɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄɂ ɉɊɂ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ȾɂɇȺɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂəɏ ɇȺ ɇȿȿ

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɜɟɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ (ȼɗɍ) ɛɚɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫ

ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɶɸ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 2.1), ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɝɨɧɞɨɥɵ 1 ɫ ɬɪɟɯɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɦ

ɜɟɬɪɨɤɨɥɟɫɨɦ (ȼɄ) 2, ɛɚɲɧɢ 3, ɨɩɢɪɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɰɨɦ 4 ɧɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɣ

ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ 5, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.1

Ȼɚɲɧɹ ȼɗɍ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ

l ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɢɡ

ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ

ɫɬ

U = 7.85 ɬ/ɦ

ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ

ɫɪ

d ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ

ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ

ɫɪ

t . Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ

ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɞɜɭɦ ɰɢɮɪɚɦ ɲɢɮɪɚ ABCD, ɜɵɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ

(ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1.). Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ

ɝɨɧɞɨɥɵ ȼɗɍ (ɫȼɄɢ

ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ).

Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ:

1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɋɑ) ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ȼɗɍ.

2. ɉɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɲɧɢ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ:

2.1. ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ

ɜɟɬɪɨɤɨɥɟɫɚ (ȼɄ);

2.2. ɩɪɢ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɅɋɌ) ɬɟɨɪɢɢ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ;

2.3. ɨɬ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ȼɗɍ

127

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.1

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ:

1. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ȼɗɍ ɜ

ɜɢɞɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɪɢɫ. 2.1).

2. ȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ.

ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɠɟɫɬɤɭɸ ɨɩɨɪɭ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.1).

3. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD [23] ɢ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ,

ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ

ɍɆɄ ɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ [4].

4. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ 2 ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ

ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ.

Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 2.1: Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ:

1) ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɜɟɬɪɨɤɨɥɟɫɚ

ɜɤ

, ɦ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ e = 0.0025 D

ɜɤ

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ [24], ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɫɢɬɟɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɦɚɫɫ ȼɄ ȼɗɍ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɫɢ

ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȼɄ;

2) ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȼɄ

ɜɤ

, ɪɚɞ/ɫ;

3) ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɨɧ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ

G / S (ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ

ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ). Ʌɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ

G ɞɥɹ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɬɪɭɛɵ (ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ) ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɟɣ ɋɇɢɉ [26]:

G = 0.15.

Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 2.2: Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɋɇɢɉ

«ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ» [18]. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ

ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɋɇɢɉ, ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ ɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ [4]. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ȼɗɍ (ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ MSK-64, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ),

ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ 9 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ. ɋɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ȼɗɍ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ X ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɨɫɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɞɥɹ

ȼɗɍ).

Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 2.3: Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɲɧɸ ȼɗɍ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ

128

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɋɇɢɉ «ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ» [26]. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ

ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ [24], ɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD – ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ [23].

5. ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɍɆɄ,

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɍɆɄ (ɫɦ. ɫ. 123).

3. ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɉɅɈɋɄɈɃ ɉɈɉȿɊȿɑɇɈɃ ɊȺɆɕ ɄȺɊɄȺɋɇɈȽɈ ɁȾȺɇɂə

ɇȺ ɋȿɃɋɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɉɈ ɅɂɇȿɃɇɈ

-ɋɉȿɄɌɊȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3.1) ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɞɜɭɦ ɛɭɤɜɚɦ (Ⱥȼ)

ɜɵɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɲɢɮɪɚ, ɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ

ɞɜɭɦɹ ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ (CD) ɲɢɮɪɚ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3.2).

Ɋɚɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ȼ25,

ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ:

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ U =2500 ɤɝ/ɦ

= 2.5 ɬ/ɦ

;

– ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ gU

= (2.5 ɬ)·(9.81 ɦ/ɫ

) = 24.525 ɤɇ/ɦ

;

– ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ E = 3.002 ɤɇ/ɦ

;

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɉɭɚɫɫɨɧɚ Q =0.2.

Ʉɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ

·= 40 ɫɦ; h

·= 40 ɫɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ F

= (0.4 ɦ)·(0.4 ɦ) = 0.16 ɦ

Ɋɢɝɟɥɢ ɪɚɦɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ b

·= 40 ɫɦ;

·= 60 ɫɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɝɟɥɹ F

= (0.4 ɦ)·(0.6 ɦ) = 0.24 ɦ

ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ,

ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 6 ɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ

ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɦɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɝɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ

ɨɩɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɢɡ ɠ/ɛ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 16 ɫɦ.

Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɋɇɢɉ [18] ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ 1.

ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɲɤɚɥɟ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ MSK-64 ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 9 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ.

Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɧɨɝɨ

ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫ

ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɦɵ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-

ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ (ɅɋɌ) ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɋɇɢɉ [18].

ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɅɋɌ [1] ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɋɇɢɉ [18] ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɪɚɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ M,Q,N ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɪɚɦɵ.

Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ.

1.Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ

ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ (ɅɋɌ) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɋɇɢɉ [18]

2. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ [4] ɢɋɇɢɉ [18]

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