Федоров М.П. и др. Информационно-компьютерные технологии в строительстве. Применение программы SCAD для расчета сооружений на динамические воздействия

110

ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ» (ɜɢɞ ɨɤɧɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ).

ɇɚ ɩɨɥɟ «ȼɢɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ» ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ» ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ

(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ɝɚɪɦ-3») ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ «ɂɦɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ».

Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ».

Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɤɧɚ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ.

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ

ɋɎɄ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 1 ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ 1.5 ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.

ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɜ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ», ɡɚɤɪɨɟɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɢ

ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ». ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ». Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ

ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ

ɧɢɠɟ.

Ɉɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 3, ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ

ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɨɤɧɚ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ «ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ» ɭɡɟɥ 3 (ɷɬɚ

ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ).

Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ». ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ

ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ «Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫ». Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜ

ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ 2. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɧɚ

111

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ» ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɚ

ɞɥɢɧɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɫ6.0ɦ)1()ɦ0.24()ɬɫ/ɦ2.5(

23

ɛ

 q ).

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɨɤɧɚ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ

ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɫɚ, «ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ» ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɆɄɗ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [1, 2, 23, 25]).

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ «ɝɚɪɦ-3» ɜ ɜɢɞɟ, ɭɠɟ

ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ «Ɇɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ» (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.3).

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ.

ɗɬɚɩ 4. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ» ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ

«Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ» ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ» ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ

ɬɚɛɥɢɰ.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ȼȿɋɈȼ ɆȺɋɋ, ɬɫ |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 2 3 4 5 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - ( ɝɚɪɦ-3) |

| Z 1.2 2.7 1.2 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------

----

---------------------------------------------------------------

|Ɂɚɝpɭ: N : COȻCTB. : ɑ A C T O T ɕ : ɉEPɂOȾɕ|

| : ɉ/ɉ : :-----------------------------:----------

|ɠɟɧɢɟ: : ɁHAɑEHɂə : 1/C : Ƚɐ : C |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 1 .0137914 72.50864 11.54596 .0866103|

| 2 .0027208 367.5373 58.52505 .0170867|

| 3 .0015063 663.8773 105.7129 .0094595|

------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɎɈɊɆɕ ɄɈɅȿȻȺɇɂɃ, ɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.2.4) |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 2 3 4 5 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-3) |

| Z .6994 1. .6994 |

| 1 - 2 |

| Z 1. -1. |

| 1 - 3 |

| Z 1. -.6216 1. |

------------------------------------------------------------------

-

112

------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɂɇȿɊɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ, ɬɫ (ɪɢɫ. 2.7,ɜ,ɝ)

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 2 3 4 5 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-3-2) |

| Z .0964 .7295 .0964 |

| 1 - 2 |

| Z -.0277 -.1272 -.0277 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ

2,1,

ɢ

kk

SS ,

ɝɞɟ

4,3,2 k – ɧɨɦɟɪ ɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ (ɪɢɫ. 2.7, ɜ, ɝ), 1 ɢ 2 – ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ

ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ss

ccc

ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ (ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɋɎɄ) ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɫɦ. (2.79)).

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ (ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ «ɝɚɪɦ.-3»)

ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (ɫɦ. (2.78) ɢɪɢɫ. 2.7, ɚ, ɛ):

------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɉȿɊȿɆȿɓȿɇɂə ɍɁɅɈȼ, ɦɦ |

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| 1 2 3 4 5 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - ( ɫɜ-ɛ) |

| Z -1.034 -1.452 -1.034 |

| 2 - ( ɫɜ-ɞ) |

| Z -.4992 -.7262 -.4992 |

| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-3 ) |

| Z -.2895 -.4174 -.2895 (ɪɢɫ. 2.7,ɚ) |

| 3 - 2 |

| Z .0557 .08 .0557 (ɪɢɫ. 2.7,ɛ) |

------------------------------------------------------------------

Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɷɩɸɪ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ)

ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ,

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ

ss

ccc

ɢ

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ (ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɋɎɄ) ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ

(ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɷɩɸɪɵ

M

ccc

ɢ

ɧɚ 2.7, ɜ, ɝ).

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| ɍɋɂɅɂə /ɇȺɉɊəɀȿɇɂə/ ȼ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺɏ, ɬɫ·ɦ |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 2_ 1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 4-1 4-2

|

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - ( ɫɜ-ɛ)

|

| M 3.6 3.6 4.8 4.8 3.6 3.6 |

| 2 - ( ɫɜ-ɞ) |

| M 1.5 1.5 3. 3. 1.5 1.5 |

| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-3) |

| M .9224 .9224 1.652 1.652 .9224 .9224 |

| 3 - 2

|

| M -.1827 -.1827 -.3099 -.3099 -.1827 -.1827 |

| 3 – S1 |

| M .9403 .9403 1.68 1.68 .9403 .9403 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

113

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ

k

ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ

ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɷɩɸɪɵ

ss

ccc

ɢ

ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ 3 «ɝɚɪɦ-3»

(ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.7, ɜ ɨɧɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.7

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ

ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɟɟ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.7, ɞ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ

ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɷɩɸɪɚ M

ɫɬ

ɢ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɵ

ɞɫɬ

MMM r ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɛɚɥɤɢ

ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ.

1

2

3

4

5

0,06

0,08

ɛ)

1 2 3 4 5

6,04

9,48

6,12

6,04

7,8

4.46

5,1

ɞ)

ɝ)

1

4

5

-0,18

-0,31

-0,18

3

2

-0.0277

-0.1272

-0.0277

12

3

4

5

0,92 (0.94)

1,65

(

1.68

)

0,92 (0.94)

0,0964

0.7295

0,0964

ɜ)

1 2 3 4 5

-0,29

-0,42

-0,29

a)

114

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ

ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ.

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ

ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɋɑ ɢ ɋɎɄ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ

ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.

1. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɋɎɄ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.70). ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ

(ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ 2.3) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.60) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ

)...,,2,1( ni

i

K , ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.64) – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ

i

ˤ

ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɋɎɄ ɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.74) – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ

i

E (ɩɪɢ 0

J

ɧ

). ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɎɄ ( 1 i ) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ.

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɋɎɄ (i = 1, 2, 3) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1.

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2. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ

o

p

ɩɨ ɋɎɄ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.3. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ

ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (2.58) ɞɥɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (2.59) ɞɥɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ

ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ (2.55), ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ

o

p

ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:

i

n

i

n

i

ii

n

i

ii

n

i

g

¦

K

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1111

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G

MMuMp

.

(2.81)

ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ (2.81) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ:

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(2.82)

3. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɋɎɄ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ k ɛɚɥɤɢ. ȼɟɤɬɨɪɭ

ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ

i

s (2.70) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɨɜ ɛɚɥɤɢ

i

u (2.69) ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ

ki

y

ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ

k

, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.71). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɱɧɵɯ

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (2.69) ɦ (2.71) ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦɫɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚ

ɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɭɡɟɥ 3 ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɆɄɗ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ) (ɬɚɛɥ.2.2).

4. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɋɎɄ,

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.76) ɢɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.79).

ɗɬɨɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɋɎɄ (ɩɪɢ

0

ɧ

J

) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.76) ɩɪɢ ɫɢɧɭɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.2

i

ɦɦ,

3i

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ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ (ɛɟɡ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɩɨ ɮɚɡɟ) ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ

io

s

ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ

ɋɎɄ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɥ ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨ:

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1

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ɪ3

ɪ2

ɪ

i

oi

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ss

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(2.83)

ȼ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD

ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ

oi

s

ɋɎɄ, ɚ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ

s

c

ɢ

s

cc

(2.79). Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ

ɪ

s

ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ (2.84) ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɜɢɞɚ (1.112).

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c

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sss

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(2.84)

116

ɗɬɨɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɧɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ.

5. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ.

ɋɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ

ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɭɡɟɥ 3 ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɆɄɗ ɛɚɥɤɢ) ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɋɎɄ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 2.4),

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ (ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɥ ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.85)

ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ (2.83):

69.1072.0062.1

3

1

3

ɪ3

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¦

i

MM ɬɫ·ɦ.

(2.85)

ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɷɬɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.80) (ɫɦ. ɫɬɪɨɤɭ S1

ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD):

ɦɬɫ68.1)31.0()65.1(

22

ɪ3

  M .

(2.86)

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ (ɩɨ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɢ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ), ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ.

2.7. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ

ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ

ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.1.

ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢ ɜɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ

ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ

ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ

)(taa

oo



(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.32,

ɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ

ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ [6, 16, 17] (ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.32,

ɝ). Ⱦɥɹ

ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ )(

ta

o



(1.147), ɤɚɤ

ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ

ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1. 32,

ɝ).

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ

(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.1), ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ

ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ

)()( tamtP

okk





, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ

ɜɢɞɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ (2.50).

ɗɬɨɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɦɚɫɫ

M

(2.4) ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ

ɬ

1.......1)1( e

ɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɚɫɫ

ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ )(

ta

o



:

)(

t

a



Mep  .

(2.87)

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɥ

p ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ (2.58), ɝɞɟ

eGMep )/( g

o

; )()( tatf

o



 .

(2.88)

117

ȼɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.7 ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ

ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɥ (2.58) ɜ ɜɢɞɟ (2.87), ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.

2.8. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɋɇɢɉ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ

ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɋɎɄ

Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ «ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ» ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ (ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ) ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɋɇɢɉ [18]. ɂɞɟɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ

ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.8 ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ

ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ (

1!n ) ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.1).

1. ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ

ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ

n ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɋɑ

n

ZZZZ ...

321

ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɋɎɄ

i

u

( ni ...,,3,2,1 ).

2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɋɎɄ.

Ɉɧɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ (2.70). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ (2.70)

ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ,

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɋɇɢɉ [18] ɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥ 1.8), ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ

ɜɢɞ:

iii

KAK G

ˤ

s

\

E

1o

(2.89)

ȼɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɫɸɞɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ

\

E KAK

i

,,,

1

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɋɇɢɉ, ɚ

ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ

i

ˤ

G ɢ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:

g

MG ;

kiiiiii

uyu

ˤ

K K .

(2.90)

ɝɞɟ

ki

u – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ ɫ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ k ɋɎɄ ɫ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ

i

;

ki

ii

i

ii

i

u

1

)(

ɬ

 K

yGy

Gey

uMu

Meu

, ni ...,,2,1 .

(2.91)

ɂɡ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (2.81) ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ

eGMep  )/( g

o

(2.88) ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ

i

ˤ

:

¦

n

i

1

ˤ

e .

(2.92)

ɗɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ

ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ

ɬ

1)1,...,1,,1( e ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ

i

ˤ

ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ

ɋɎɄ.

ȼɟɤɬɨɪɭ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɣ

i ɋɎɄ (2.89) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ

118

ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ

io

a ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ

i

v

o

, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɜ

ɣ

i ɋɎɄ. Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ

ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ (2.69), (2.71) ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ:

iii

KgAK

ˤ

a

\



EZ

2

1o

;

(2.93)

iiii

yKgAKv

o

2

1o

KEZ

\



.

(2.94)

3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

p

v

ɥɸɛɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ

i

v , ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɋɎɄ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜ ɋɇɢɉ [19]

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ (8), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɥɹ

ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ :

¦

r

*

1

2

p

n

i

vv .

(2.95)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɟɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 5

ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ 1.1 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.12) ɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 1 ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ 1.7, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɩɨ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.

Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ 1!n ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ 2 n . Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɚɲɧɸ ȼɗɍ ɜ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.12, ɚ) ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɆɄɗ

ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɢɩɚ 2.

ɏɨɞ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ

ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ

ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ

ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.

ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɶɦɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ,

ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ» ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ:

------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ȼȿɋɈȼ ɆȺɋɋ, ɬɫ |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 2 3 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - ( ɜɷɭ-ɫɟɣɫɦ-2ɷɥ)

| X 7.54 9.77 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

|Ɂɚɝpɭ: N : COȻCTB.: ɑ A C T O T ɕ : ɉEPɂOȾɕ |

| : ɉ/ɉ : :-----------------------------:----------

|ɠɟɧɢɟ: : ɁHAɑEHɂə : 1/C : Ƚɐ C |

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| 1 1 .1058663 9.445874 1.50412 .6648404 |

| 2 .014281 70.02274 11.15011 .0896851 |

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119

------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɎɈɊɆɕ ɄɈɅȿȻȺɇɂɃ, ɦ (ɪɢɫ.2.8,ɚ,ɛ) |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 2 3 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - 1 ( ɜɷɭ-ɫɟɣɫɦ-2ɷɥ) |

| X .3187 1. |

| 1 - 2 |

| X 1. -.2459 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɂɇȿɊɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ, ɬɫ (ɪɢɫ.2.8,ɜ,ɝ)

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 2 3 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - 1 ( ɜɷɭ-ɫɟɣɫɦ2ɷɥ) |

| X 3.23 13.13 |

| 1 - 2 |

| X 6.704 -2.137 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.8, ɚ, ɛ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɢɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɋɎɄ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.8

ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ QɢM ɜɭɡɥɚɯ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ 1 ɢ 2 ɋɎɄ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ

ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɫɶɸ X .

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.8, ɜ, ɝ. ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɫɫ (ɦ) ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ

ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɋɎɄ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ) ɫɢɥ (ɬɫ).

ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ

ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɋɎɄ, ɞɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

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ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ʉɗ (2.95).

ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.

Федоров М.П. и др. Информационно-компьютерные технологии в строительстве. Применение программы SCAD для расчета сооружений на динамические воздействия

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