Федоров М.П. и др. Информационно-компьютерные технологии в строительстве. Применение программы SCAD для расчета сооружений на динамические воздействия
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
180
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ «ɈɄ», ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ» ɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɟɫɚ ɢ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɟɫ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ 1. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ (ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɠɚɬɵɯ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɯ
ɢ ) ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɦ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.1.
ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞ ʋ 5, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ.
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟpɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ: ɤɇ
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟpɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɤɇ*ɦ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ȼȿɋɈȼ ɆȺɋɋ |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 - ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| X 132.8 |
| 3 - ( ɜɟɬɟɪ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰ-1ɤɷ) |
| X 132.8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Ɂɚɝpɭ: N : COȻCTB. : ɑ A C T O T ɕ : ɉEPɂOȾɕ |
| : ɉ/ɉ
: :-----------------------------:---------------|
|ɠɟɧɢɟ: : ɁHAɑEHɂə : 1/C : Ƚɐ : C |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 1 .1200906 8.327042 1.325962 .7541693 |
| |
| 3 1 .1200906 8.327042 1.325962 .7541693 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɎɈɊɆɕ ɄɈɅȿȻȺɇɂɃ |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| X 1. |
| 3 - 1 ( ɜɟɬɟɪ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰ-1ɤɷ) |
| X 1. |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɂɇȿɊɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| X -23.08 |
| 1 - 2 |
| X -2.066 |
| 3 - 1 ( ɜɟɬɟɪ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰ-1ɤɷ) |
| X -6.17 |
| 3 - 2 |
| X -5.165 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
181
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟpɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɩɟpɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ: ɦ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ:
WND - ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɉȿɊȿɆȿɓȿɇɂə ɍɁɅɈȼ |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| X .024591 |
| 1 - 2 |
| X .0022 |
| 2 - ( ɜɟɬɟɪ-ɫɬɚɬ) |
| X .004194 |
| 3 - 1 ( ɜɟɬɟɪ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰ-1ɤɷ) |
| X .006573 |
| 3 - WND |
| X .004194 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟpɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ: ɤɇ
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟpɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɤɇ*ɦ
ɂɫɩɨɞɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ:
S1,S2, ... - ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
WND - ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɍɋɂɅɂə /ɇȺɉɊəɀȿɇɂə/ ȼ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺɏ |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1-1 1-2 1-3 |
| 1 1 1 |
| 2 2 2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| M 669.454 334.727 |
| Q -23.0846 -23.0846 -23.0846 |
| 1 - 2 |
| M 59.9149 29.9574 |
| Q -2.06603 -2.06603 -2.06603 |
| 1 - S1 |
| M 672.129 336.064 |
| Q -23.1768 -23.1768 -23.1768 |
| 2 - ( ɜɟɬɟɪ-ɫɬɚɬ) |
| M 146.687 39.9283 |
| Q -9.0915 -5.3255 |
| 3 - 1 ( ɜɟɬɟɪ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰ-1ɤɷ) |
| M 178.947 89.4738 |
| Q -6.17061 -6.17061 -6.17061 |
| 3 - WND |
| M 146.687 39.9283 |
| Q -9.0915 -5.3255 |
| 3 - S1 |
| M 325.635 129.402 |
| Q -15.2621 -11.4961 -6.17061 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ȼɗɍ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ),
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɲɧɸ ȼɗɍ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɫɢ X, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.4.
182
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ.
ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 2. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɡ ɨɧɨ ɭɱɬɟɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ 3, ɝɞɟ
ɢɫɤɨɦɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ 2 ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɤ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɢɯ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɞɥɹ
ɍɆɄ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ (ɫ. 123).
Q= 15.3 ɤɇ
M= 325.6 ɤɇ·ɦ
Ɋɢɫ. 4.4
Z
X
183
ɋȺɇɄɌ-ɉȿɌȿɊȻɍɊȽɋɄɂɃ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɉɈɅɂɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ
ɂ
ɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɈ-ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɃ ɎȺɄɍɅɖɌȿɌ
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ
ɈɌɑȿɌ
ɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ 3
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD
(ɲɢɮɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ)
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɥ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
2009
184
ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ*
ɫ
ȼɵɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ…………………………………………………………………….. 185 (3)
1. ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɊȺɆɕ ɇȺ ɉɄ ɋ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɕ SCAD...........................
187 (5)
ɗɬɚɩ 1. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.… 187 (5)
ɗɬɚɩ 2. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɆɄɗ.…….. 188 (6)
ɗɬɚɩ 3. Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɆɄɗ…………………….………….. 190 (8)
ɗɬɚɩ 4. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ 195 (13)
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɋɎɄ …………………….……………..
208 (26)
2. ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖɇɕȿ ɊȺɋɑȿɌɕ ȼɊɍɑɇɍɘ ɉɈ ɎɈɊɆɍɅȺɆ ɑȺɋɌɂ 1 ɍɆɄ, ɉɈɋɈȻɂə [4]
ɂ
ɋɇɂɉ [18] …………………………………………………
209 (27)
*
)
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɜ ɍɆɄ ɢ (ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ) –
ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ.
185
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ………
(ɲɢɮɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ Ⱥȼ = )
ɁȺȾȺɇɂȿ ɉɈ ɊȺɋɑȿɌɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌȿ 3
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶɸ
ɪɚɦɵ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
(ɅɋɌ) ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ [4] ɢɋɇɢɉ [18].
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ
ɲɚɝ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 6 ɦ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɲɢɮɪɭ Ⱥȼ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.1 ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ 3 (ɪɚɡɞɟɥ 2
ɍɆɄ), ɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɪɚɦɵ – ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.2.
Ɋɚɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ȼ25,
ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ:
– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ U =2500 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
= 2.5 ɬ/ɦ
3
;
– ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ gU
J
ɛ
= (2.5 ɬ/ɦ
3
)·(9.81 ɦ/ɫ
2
) = 24.525 (ɬ·ɦ/ɫ
2
)/ɦ
3
= 24.525 ɤɇ/ɦ
3
;
– ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ E = 3.002 ɤɇ/ɦ
2
;
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɉɭɚɫɫɨɧɚ
Q
=0.2.
Ʉɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ
b
ɤ
·= 40 ɫɦ; h
ɤ
·= 40 ɫɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ F
ɤ
= (0.4 ɦ)·(0.4 ɦ) = 0.16 ɦ
2
.
Ɋɢɝɟɥɢ ɪɚɦɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ b
ɪ
·= 40 ɫɦ;
h
ɪ
·= 60 ɫɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɝɟɥɹ F
ɪ
= (0.4 ɦ)·(0.6 ɦ) = 0.24 ɦ
2
.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɦɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɝɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɢɡ ɠ/ɛ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 16 ɫɦ.
Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɋɇɢɉ [18] ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ 1.
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɲɤɚɥɟ
ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ MSK-64 ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 9 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ.
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɅɋɌ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ [4] ɢ
ɋɇɢɉ [18] ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ:
ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɆɄɗ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɭɡɥɨɜ,
ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ M, Q, N ɜ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ (ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɦ)
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ Ʉɗ ɪɚɦɵ.
Ʉɭɪɫɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ.
1.Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ (ɅɋɌ) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɋɇɢɉ [18]
2. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ, ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ [4] ɢ
ɋɇɢɉ [18]
186
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ 1.
1). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɆɄɗ) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯ Ʉɗ.
2) ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɟɥɨɤ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɨɞɚɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (ɋɑ) ɢ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ (ɋɎɄ) ɪɚɦɵ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
3). ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ»:
–. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɜɟɫɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫ ɪɢɝɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɨɟɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ
ɭɡɥɚɦ ɫɟɬɤɢ Ʉɗ.
–.. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (ɋɑ) (ɤɪɭɝɨɜɵɯ
i
Z
, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
S
Z
2/
ii
f ) ɢ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ
ii
T
Z
S
/2
ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ (ɋɎɄ) ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɦɵ.
–. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɋɎɄ.
–.. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɪɚɦɵ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɋɎɄ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɋɎɄ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɥ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
4). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ: ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɬɪɟɯ
ɋɎɄ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ
ɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ (ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɫ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɩɸɪ).
5). ɉɪɢɜɟɫɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
ɜɢɞɚ (8) ɢɡ ɋɇɢɉ [18] (ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ
ɩɭɧɤɬɟ).
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ 2
ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ.
1). ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɨɪɬɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɋɎɄ.
2) Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
i
E
(i = 1, 2, 3) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɋɇɢɉ [18]
ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ I-ɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ.
3) ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
i
K
ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
i
ˤ
(ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ ɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ [4]).ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɎɄ
( i = 1). Ɉɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ
i
ˤ
(ɫɦ. ɬɚɦ ɠɟ).
4) ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɎɄ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (1), (2), (8) ɋɇɢɉ [18]
ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫ.
5) ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (8) ɋɇɢɉ [18] ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɦɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ.
ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ 3, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɢɫɤɭ ɤ ɍɆɄ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 (ɫ. 123).
187
1. ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɊȺɆɕ ɇȺ ɉɄ ɋ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɕ
SCAD
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɲɢɮɪɨɦ ɢɡ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɪɚɦɚ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.
Ɋɢɫ. 1
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɦɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɚɩɚɦɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɍɆɄ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ
«ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» [1] ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ [2] (ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɍɆɄ).
ɗɬɚɩ 1. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ
1.1. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ SCAD. ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɦɟɧɸ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ «ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬ».
1.2. ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ (ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ) ɜɜɨɞɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɦ (ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ).
1.3. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɭ «SDATA» ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɦɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɡɨɜɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɡɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ: «ɞɫ-ɪɚɦɚ-ɫɟɣɫɦ»).
1.4. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ
188
(«Ⱦɟɪɟɜɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ»). ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ». Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɆɄɗ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1) ɪɚɦɵ.
ɗɬɚɩ 2. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɆɄɗ
2.1. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɥɹ
ɜɫɟɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (Ʉɗ) (ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ
ɧɢɯ ɨɫɟɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ Ʉɗ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ(ɆɋɄ)).
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ 1. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ
ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɟ ɧɚ Ʉɗ ɬɢɩɚ 2 «ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ» ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɧɚ ɪɚɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫ ɪɚɦɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ
ɭɩɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ (ɫɦ. [4] ɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ 1 ɢ 2 ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɍɆɄ) .
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɟɟ ɪɢɝɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ, ɧɨ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɩɥɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ,
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɭɸ ɪɚɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɦɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ,
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɝɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɦɵ.
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɪɚɦɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ
ɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɪɚɦɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɬɢɩɚ 2 (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ) ɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɟ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ, ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬɢɩɚ 2 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.
Ɋɢɫ. 2
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ 2. ɂɡ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ (ɫɦ. [1] ɢ [2]) ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɦɵ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2, ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɦɚ (ɪɢɫ. 3).
Ⱦɥɹ ɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «ɋɯɟɦɚ» ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
«Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɦɵ». ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɥɟɜɭɸ
ɫɯɟɦɭ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ (ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ).
X
YZ
189
ȼ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1) ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 12 ɦ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ 4
ɦ. ȼɜɨɞɢɦ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ.
Ɂɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ Ʉɗ». ȼ ɧɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ «ɋɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ».
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ Ʉɗ ɪɚɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «Ʉɨɥɨɧɧɵ».
Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ Ʉɗ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ
ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ «ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ».
ɋɜɟɪɯɭ ɨɤɧɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ « ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ» ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɨ
ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ.
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɥ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ «Ȼɟɬɨɧ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ȼ25», ɬɢɩ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
(ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ) ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɜɫɟ
ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɜɫɟ
ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ, ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ ɧɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɢɝɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɢɝɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɝɢɛ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ-ɫɠɚɬɢɟ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ (ɫɦ. ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ).
Ɉɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɝɟɥɶ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɭɱɬɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ, ɜɟɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɟɫɭ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɪɢɝɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɦɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɢɝɟɥɟɣ (ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ) ɡɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «Ɋɢɝɟɥɢ» ɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɦɵ
ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 3).
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɦɭ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2)
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: 1) ɜɨɣɞɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «ɍɡɥɵ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ», ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɢ ɭɞɚɥɢɦ Ʉɗ ɫ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ 8; 2) ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɦ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜ