Факторы окружающей среды и здоровье человека. Опыт Дании

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Dhg\_gpb_c

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mihlj_[e_gby

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kbkl_fZoaZsbluijhlb\h[jZklZgby

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hj]ZgbaZpbb\Ehg^hg_

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bkihevah\Zgb_wlbo\_s_kl\[uehhdhgqZl_evghij_djZs_gh\];ueh

ij_djZs_ghbkihevah\Zgb_[he__\b^h\ijh^mdlh\kh^_j`Zsbo

ghgben_gheubghgben_gheh\u_wlhdkbeZlu

Wdhghfbq_kdb_bgkljmf_glu

GZeh]b

>Zgby\\_eZgZeh]bgZjy^obfbdZlh\Dgbfhlghkylky

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I_klbpb^u

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K\bgph\u_Zddmfmeylhjubgbd_evdZ^fb_\u_Zddmfmeylhju

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Oehjbjh\Zggu_jZkl\hjbl_eb

•

:ahl\m^h[j_gbyo

•

I<ObnlZeZlu

WlbgZeh]bij_^gZagZq_gu^ey\ha^_ckl\bygZih\_^_gb_ij_^ijbylbcb

qZklguoebpP_evkhklhbl\lhfqlh[ujZa\b\ZlvaZf_s_gb_bkhdjZsZlv

bkihevah\Zgb_obfbdZlh\bke_^h\Zl_evghbogZebqb_\jZaebqguo

we_f_glZokj_^u±ihq\_\h^_b\ha^mo_±bbo\hafh`gh_\ha^_ckl\b_gZ

ex^_c

>hlZpbbkm[kb^bb

<]>:HHKgZqZehj_ZebaZpbxIjh]jZffuaZ[he__qbklmx

ijh^mdpbxdhlhjZyij_^mkfZljb\Z_lkm[kb^bjh\Zgb_jZajZ[hldbb

ijh^Z`b[he__qbklhcijh^mdpbbIh^^_j`b\Z_fu_ijh]jZffhcijh_dlu

^he`gu[ulvy\ghgZijZ\e_gugZij_^hl\jZs_gb_\ha^_ckl\bygZ

hdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mgZ\k_oklZ^byo`bag_ggh]hpbdeZijh^mdlh\bebmkem]

Fgh]b_bakm[kb^bjm_fuoijh_dlh\lZd`_k\yaZguk\ha^_ckl\b_fijh^mdlh\

bmkem]gZa^hjh\v_

BgnhjfZpbyb^jm]b_bgkljmf_glu

GZ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguck_dlhj\haeh`_ghhkh[Zyh[yaZgghklvh[_ki_qb\Zlv

eb^_jkl\h\l_oh[eZklyodhlhju_ijZ\bl_evkl\hohq_ljZa\b\Zlv

Ih\ur_ggucklZ[bevguckijhkgZlh\Zjubmkem]bgZghkysb_f_gvrbc

ms_j[hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^_kqblZ_lkykms_kl\_ggufklbfmehf^ey

ijhba\h^bl_e_cbbfihjl_jh\ihk[ulm[he__qbklhcijh^mdpbbMihj\

j_dhf_g^ZpbyoihihdmidZf^_eZ_lkygZwdheh]bq_kdb_Zki_dlughh[sb_

Zki_dlua^hjh\vybZki_dluhojZguljm^ZlZd`_ijbgbfZxlky\h\gbfZgb_

ijbjZkijhkljZg_gbbkhhl\_lkl\mxs_cbgnhjfZpbb



Wdheh]bq_kdZyfZjdbjh\dZ

Wdheh]bq_kdZyfZjdbjh\dZy\ey_lky\Z`gufbbgkljmf_glZfb^Zxsbfb

h[s_kl\_gghklbg_h[oh^bfmxbgnhjfZpbxijb\u[hj_wdheh]bq_kdbqbklhc

ijh^mdpbb<>Zgbb^\mfyhnbpbZevgufbwdheh]bq_kdbfbwlbd_ldZfb^ey

obfbq_kdboij_iZjZlh\blh\Zjh\y\eyxlkykdZg^bgZ\kdbce_[_^vbp\_lhd

?K>jm]bohnbpbZevghijbgyluowdheh]bq_kdbowlbd_lhd\>Zgbbg_l

Wdheh]bq_kdZyfZjdbjh\dZjZkkfZljb\Z_lky\dZq_kl\_bgkljmf_glZ

kgb`_gby^hfbgbfmfZ\j_^gh]h\ha^_ckl\byijh^mdlh\gZhdjm`Zxsmx

kj_^mbijbf_gyxlky\k\yabkieZgbjm_fufkkhdjZs_gb_fihlj_[e_gbydZd

qZklvkljZl_]bb;he__qbklhcijh^mdpbb<wdheh]bq_kdbowlbd_ldZog_

^_eZ_lkyhkh[ucmihjgZZki_dlua^hjh\vyghhgb\dexqZxldjbl_jbb

hlghkysb_kydhojZg_a^hjh\vyGZijbf_jwf[e_fZkp\_ldhf?Kg_fh`_l

ijbk\Zb\Zlvky\_s_kl\Zfbebij_iZjZlZfdeZkkbnbpbjh\ZggufdZd\ukhdh

lhdkbqgu_lhdkbqgu_dZgp_jh]_ggu_j_ijhlhdkbqgu_bebfmlZ]_ggu_beb

lh\ZjZfba]hlh\e_ggufihl_ogheh]bbdhlhjZyfh`_lgZg_klb

agZqbl_evguc\j_^q_eh\_dmbebihlj_[bl_eyf\p_ehf

Ihimeyjgu_[mde_lu

>:HHKgZqZehih^]hlh\dmihimeyjguoba^Zgbckh^_j`Zsboe_]dh

\hkijbgbfZ_fmxbgnhjfZpbbhghjfZlb\guoZdlZoba^Zgguo\jZa\blb_

:dlZhobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\Zobijh^mdlZoHgbba^Zxlkyih^h[sbf

aZ]eZ\b_f)DNWDRPNHPLNZdluihobfbblhevdhgZ^Zlkdhfyaud_b

hjb_glbjh\ZgugZihlj_[bl_e_cjhagbqgmxlhj]h\exb\f_gvr_ckl_i_gb

gZbfihjl_jh\bijhba\h^bl_e_cNZdluihobfbbjZkijhkljZgyxlky

>:HHK\\b^_[mde_lh\ZlZd`_^hklmigugZBgl_jg_lkljZgbp_>:HHK\

(www.mst.dk).

>jm]b_bgnhjfZpbhggu_fZl_jbZeu

Ihfbfhihimeyjguo[mde_lh\>:HHKlZd`_ba^Z_lp_eucjy^jZaebqguo

bgnhjfZpbhgguofZl_jbZeh\^eyihlj_[bl_e_cijhfure_gghklbbgZmqghc

kn_jujZatykgyxsboghjfZlb\gu_lj_[h\Zgbykh^_j`Zsbokh\_lubeb

ih\urZxsboh[sbcmjh\_gvagZgbcWlbfZl_jbZeu\dexqZxlebklh\db

[jhrxju`mjgZeumdZaZgbybgZmqgu_hlq_lu

GZBgl_jg_lkljZgbp_>:HHKbf__lky[hevrh_dhebq_kl\hbgnhjfZpbbih

obfbdZlZfHgZ\dexqZ_lnZdlbq_kdmxbgnhjfZpbxhobfbdZlZoba^_ebyo

blh\ZjZoZlZd`_ghjfZlb\gu_ZdlubgZmqgu_hlq_luih^]hlh\e_ggu_

>:HHK

LZd`_bf__lky\hafh`ghklvgZijyfmxk\yaZlvkyk>:HHKbaZ^Zlv

dhgdj_lgu_\hijhkuhobfbdZlZoijbihfhsbl_e_nhgZihobfbbdhlhjuc

gZoh^blky\\_^_gbbKem`[uobfbq_kdhcbgki_dpbb

10.4

MqZklgbdbijhp_kkZ

:^fbgbkljZlb\gZyhl\_lkl\_gghklvaZdhgljhevobfbdZlh\bobfbq_kdh]h

aZ]jyag_gbye_`blgZg_kdhevdbojZaebqguofbgbkl_jkl\ZoDgbfhlghkylky

Fbgbkl_jkl\hhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ubwg_j]_lbdbFbgbkl_jkl\h

ijh^h\hevkl\byk_evkdh]hohayckl\Zbju[heh\kl\ZFbgbkl_jkl\h

a^jZ\hhojZg_gbybfbgbkl_jkl\hljm^ZD^jm]bffbgbkl_jkl\Zfdhlhju_

bf_xldwlhfmf_g__ijyfh_hlghr_gb_hlghkylkyFbgbkl_jkl\h`bebsgh

dhffmgZevgh]hohayckl\ZFbgbkl_jkl\hihkhpbZevguf\hijhkZfb

Fbgbkl_jkl\hh[jZah\ZgbybgZmdbDjhf_lh]hlZd`_\Z`gmxjhev\aZsbl_

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uhl\ha^_ckl\byobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\bijh^mdpbbb]jZxl

j_]bhgZevgu_kh\_lu



Bkihegbl_ebdhlhju_gZijyfmxk\yaZguk\uiheg_gb_fiheh`_gbc

ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\>:HHKbmkbebc\obfbq_kdhckn_j_i_j_qbke_gu\

ijb\_^_gghcgb`_lZ[ebp_

LZ[ebpZ

10.1

Nmgdpbbbhl\_lkl\_gghklv\h[eZklbj_]mebjh\Zgbybkihevah\Zgby

obfbdZlh\

Bkihegbl_eb Nmgdpbbbhl\_lkl\_gghklv\h[eZklbj_]mebjh\Zgbybkihevah\Zgby

obfbdZlh\

>Zlkdh_:]_glkl\hih

hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_c

kj_^u>:HHK

>:HHK_^bgh\eZklghhkms_kl\ey_ldhgljhev\uiheg_gbyiheh`_gbc:dlZh

obfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\Zobijh^mdlZoZf_klguf\eZklyf^_e_]bjh\Zgu\_kvfZ

g_[hevrb_iheghfhqby\wlhch[eZklbIjbqbgZ\lhfqlh\wlhch[eZklb

lj_[m_lky\ukhdZyki_pbZebaZpby

>:HHKh[_ki_qb\Z_lijbf_g_gb_^Zggh]h:dlZbhl\_qZ_laZi_j_]h\hjugZ

_\jhi_ckdhfbf_`^mgZjh^ghfmjh\gyo

Kem`[Zobfbq_kdhc

bgki_dpbb

Kem`[Zobfbq_kdhcbgki_dpbb>:HHK\_^_ldhgljhevkh[ex^_gbyijZ\beb

ihklZgh\e_gbckh]eZkghaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\mihobfbdZlZfWlbmkbeby

khkj_^hlhq_gu\qZklghklbgZ\hijhkZobf_xsbokms_kl\_ggh_agZq_gb_^ey

a^hjh\vybhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ukh[ex^_gbblj_[h\ZgbchlebqZxsbokyhl

lj_[h\ZgbchklZevguokljZg?Kbbfihjl_bakljZgg_y\eyxsbokyqe_gZfb

?KGZjmr_gb_iheh`_gbc:dlZhobfbdZlZob[hevr_cqZklbkhhl\_lkl\mxsbo

ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\\e_q_lgZdZaZgb_\\b^_rljZnZh[uqgh]haZ^_j`Zgbybeb

^h^\moe_llxj_fgh]haZdexq_gby_keb^jm]bfaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hfg_

ij_^mkfhlj_gh[he__kmjh\h]hgZdZaZgby

>ZlkdZy\_l_jbgZjgZyb

ijh^h\hevkl\_ggZy

Z^fbgbkljZpby

Bgklblml[_ahiZkghklbibs_\uoijh^mdlh\blhdkbdheh]bbihfh]Z_l>:HHK\

h[eZklbbkke_^h\Zgbchp_gdbkl_i_gbjbkdZbjZajZ[hldbhkgh\u\ZxsbokygZ

a^hjh\v_djbl_jb_\dhlhju_ijbf_gyxlkyijbj_]mebjh\Zgbb

Hl\_lkl\_gguckhljm^gbd

hj]Zgh\a^jZ\hhojZg_gby

Hl\_lkl\_ggu_khljm^gbdbhj]Zgh\a^jZ\hhojZg_gbyb]jZxl\_^msmxjhevgZ

f_klZodhgkmevlbjmyhdjm]ZbfmgbpbiZebl_luHgbjZ[hlZxl\l_kghf

dhglZdl_kp_gljZevgufbhj]ZgZfba^jZ\hhojZg_gbybijbjh^hhojZgu

Hdjm]Z

FmgbpbiZebl_lu

F_klgu_kh\_lu F_klgu_kh\_luihfh]Zxl>:HHKh[_ki_qblvkh[ex^_gb_ijZ\befZjdbjh\db

bojZg_gby\jhagbqghclhj]h\e_

GZpbhgZevgucjZ[hqbc

hj]Zgihhdjm`Zxs_c

kj_^_

Hkms_kl\eyynmgdpbbdhgljheyijhba\h^kl\_gguoij_^ijbylbcGZpbhgZevguc

jZ[hqbchj]Zgihhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^_khh[sZ_l>:HHKhex[uogZjmr_gbyo

ijZ\befZjdbjh\dbbojZg_gby

10.5

Hp_gdZ

H^ghcba]eZ\guop_e_c\h[eZklbj_]mebjh\Zgbyobfbq_kdbo

ijh^mdlh\\>Zgbby\ey_lky

ij_^hl\jZs_gb_m]jhaua^hjh\vxkh

klhjhgubkihevam_fuo\h[s_kl\_obfbdZlh\<lhjhcp_evxy\ey_lky

jZkrbj_gb_bkihevah\Zgbyf_g__hiZkguo^eya^hjh\vyobfbdZlh\q_j_a

ijbf_g_gb_[he__qbkluol_ogheh]bcbjZaebqguobgkljmf_glh\

h]jZgbqb\Zxsbobkihevah\Zgb_hij_^_e_gguoobfbdZlh\beb

ih^^_j`b\Zxsbo\u[hj\ihevam[he__[_ahiZkguoobfbdZlh\^ey

ijhn_kkbhgZevguobihlj_[bl_evkdbop_e_c

Obfbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Zy\eyxlkyqZklvxih\k_^g_\ghc`bagb

kh\j_f_ggh]hh[s_kl\Z\lhfqbke_b\>ZgbbHgbbkihevamxlky\

k_evkdhohayckl\_gghfbijhfure_gghfijhba\h^kl\_ZlZd`_\[ulm



AgZgbyhlhf\dZdhcf_j_bkihevah\Zgb_obfbdZlh\\eby_lgZa^hjh\v_

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