Факторы окружающей среды и здоровье человека. Опыт Дании

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ijbdhglZdl_kdh`_c

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f_jZoij_^hklhjh`ghklbijbh[jZs_gbbbmlbebaZpbbobfbdZlh\

BgnhjfZpbyhijZ\beZo[_ahiZkghklbqZklvdhlhjhcy\ey_lky

h[yaZl_evghc^Z_lkygZhkgh\ZgbbdeZkkbnbdZpbb\_s_kl\bij_iZjZlh\

bhij_^_e_ggh]hgZ[hjZdjbl_jb_\Ij_iZjZludhlhju_ij_^gZagZq_gu

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b^Zxs_cj_dhf_g^Zpbbhf_jZoaZsblu6

or S51

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agZqbl_evghfm\ha^_ckl\bx

Kbf\heubmdZaZl_ebhiZkghklb^eya^hjh\vyihdZaZgugZJbk

jZkiheZ]Zxlky\ihjy^d_m[u\Zgbykl_i_gbhiZkghklb

Jbkmghd10.1 Kbf\heuhiZkghklb^eya^hjh\vy

<ukhdh

lhdkbqgh_

Lhdkbqgh_

Dhjjhabhggh_

<j_^gh_ JZa^jZ`Zxs__

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aZsblu^_l_cbke_iuohl\ha^_ckl\byobfbdZlh\

IjZ\beZdeZkkbnbdZpbbbfZjdbjh\dbZlZd`_deZkkbnbdZpbbobfbdZlh\

ihdZl_]hjbyfihkl_i_gbbohiZkghklbh[jZamxlhkgh\m^ey[hevrh]h

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haZ[hq_gghklv\k\yabkmjh\g_faZsbs_gghklbgZk_e_gby&l_fqlh[u

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deZkkbnbdZpbbobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\bf_lh^fh^_ebjh\Zgby46$5

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ijh\_^_gbyhp_gdb\_s_kl\^eyih\ur_gbymjh\gyaZsbs_gghklb

Ihwlhfm>:HHKg_^Z\ghba^Zehijh_dlbgkljmdpbckh^_j`Zsbokibkhd

\_s_kl\^eykZfhklhyl_evghcdeZkkbnbdZpbbhiZkguo\_s_kl\Wlhl

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lhqdbaj_gbykbevghclhdkbqghklbijbijb_f_\h\gmljvZee_j]bbijb

dhglZdl_kdh`_cfmlZ]_gghklbdZgp_jh]_gghklbbebhiZkghklb^ey

\h^ghckj_^uWlb\_s_kl\Z[ueb\u^_e_guba\_s_kl\k

bkihevah\Zgb_ff_lh^Zfh^_ebjh\Zgby46$5H`b^Z_lkyqlh

hdhgqZl_evguckibkhd[m^_lba^Zg\]

10.2.3

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Hp_gdZjbkdZk\yaZggh]hkobfbq_kdbfb\_s_kl\ZfbkhklZ\ey_lhkgh\m

kljZl_]bbmf_gvr_gbyjbkdZbl_fkZfufih\ur_gbymjh\gyaZsblu

H^gZdhhlkmlkl\b_^Zgguoy\ey_lkyh^ghcbaijh[e_fijbh[_ki_q_gbb

^hklZlhqgh]hmjh\gyaZsblua^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZhl\ha^_ckl\by

obfbdZlh\Lhevdhh]jZgbq_ggh_qbkehobfbdZlh\dhlhju_m`_

ijbkmlkl\mxlgZjugd_^hklZlhqghbkke_^h\Zgub_s_f_gvr_

ijh\_j_ghkbkihevah\Zgb_fijhp_^mjuhp_gdbjbkdZ

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^_ckl\bchp_gdZ\ha^_ckl\byhij_^_e_gb_hiZkghklbb^hau

dhgp_gljZpbbj_Zdpbb\ha^_ckl\byhp_gdZ\ha^_ckl\byhp_gdZ

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oZjZdl_jbklbdZjbkdZhp_gdZkn_jujZkijhkljZg_gbybk_jv_aghklb

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dhfihg_gl_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u\ke_^kl\b_^_ckl\bl_evgh]hbeb

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khhlghr_gb_f_`^mhp_gdhc³hljbpZl_evguo\ha^_ckl\bcg_

gZ[ex^Z_lky´beb³gZ[ex^Z_fucfbgbfZevgucmjh\_gvijbdhlhjhf

ihy\ey_lkyhljbpZl_evgh_\ha^_ckl\b_´bhp_gb\Z_fhc\_ebqbghc

\ha^_ckl\by

Ijbgpbih[s_chp_gdbjbkdZk\yaZggh]hkobfbdZlZfbaZdexqZ_lky\

hp_gd_ijbkmsbo^ZgghfmobfbdZlmk\hckl\hiZkghklbbijh\_^_gbb

hp_gdbjbkdZkmq_lhfgZb[he__\_jhylgh]h\ha^_ckl\bygZq_eh\_dZb

hdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mh[jZsZyhkh[h_\gbfZgb_gZaZsblmjZ[hqbo

ihlj_[bl_e_cb^jm]boebpihemqZxsbo\ha^_ckl\b_q_j_aiblv_\mx

\h^mibsmihq\mb^jm]b_we_f_gluhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uQZs_\k_]h

^Zgguoh\ha^_ckl\bb^ey\k_owlbo]jmiig_lbihwlhfmbkihevamxlky

klZg^Zjlgu_kp_gZjbbhljZ`Zxsb_j_Zebklbqgu_kblmZpbb\kZfhf

om^r_fkemqZ_lZd`_hgbfh^_ebjmxlkygZdhfivxl_jguofh^_eyo<

wlhfhlghr_gbb^Zlkdb_b^jm]b_^Zggu_hijh^mdlZobaj_]bkljh\

ijh^mdlh\lZdbodZd>ZlkdbcJ_]bkljfh]ml[ulv\Z`gufbklhqgbdhf

bgnhjfZpbbh^_ckl\bl_evghfbkihevah\Zgbbfgh]boobfbdZlh\gZ

jZ[hqbof_klZoh^gZdh\p_ehfhp_gdb\ha^_ckl\bykh^_j`Zlg_dhlhju_

g_lhqghklb>eyg_dhlhjuo\_s_kl\gZijbf_jnlZeZlh\^_lbijbagZgu

hkh[hcih^]jmiihcihlj_[bl_e_clZddZdgZgbowlb\_s_kl\Zfh]ml

\ha^_ckl\h\Zlvg_lZddZdgZ\ajhkeuoDjhf_lh]hhgbfh]ml[ulv

\hkijbbfqb\ud\ha^_ckl\bxhij_^_e_gguoobfbdZlh\gZijbf_j

obfbdZlh\\uau\ZxsbogZjmr_gbywg^hdjbgghckbkl_fu

Ijhp_^mjZhp_gdbjbkdZijbgylZy\?K^eykms_kl\mxsbo\_s_kl\

kibkhddhlhjuoijb\_^_g\(,1(&6

\ijbgpbi_ijbf_gy_lky[he__q_f

d\_s_kl\ghgZijZdlbd_ba\_s_kl\ijhba\h^bfuo\

gZb[hevrboh[t_fZok\ur_lhgg\u[jZghgZb[he__\Z`gh_\

wlhfhlghr_gbb\_s_kl\h>hkboihjlhevdhhq_gvg_fgh]b_\_s_kl\Z

ijhrebijhp_^mjmhp_gdbjbkdZB^_yaZdexqZ_lkyhlgx^vg_\lhf

qlh[uijh\_klbhp_gdm\k_o\_s_kl\ih(,1(&6hlqZklbihlhfmqlhwlh



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<_s_kl\

)-2)'7

y\ey_lkyklZlbq_kdbfkibkdhfih^]hlh\e_ggufbba^ZggufDhfbkkb_cb

\dexqZ_l

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

\_s_kl\aZj_]bkljbjh\ZgguogZjugd_?\jhi_ckdh]hKhh[s_kl\Zk

yg\Zjy]ihk_gly[jy]



g_\hafh`ghk^_eZlvghlZd`_bihlhfmqlh\_jhylg__\k_]h

agZqbl_evgh]hqbkeZwlbo\_s_kl\k_]h^gygZjugd_g_lH[km`^Zebkv

^jm]b_f_lh^udhlhju_fh]ml[ulvbkihevah\ZgugZijbf_jmihfygmlu_

jZg__hp_gdb]jmii\_s_kl\ZlZd`_bkihevah\Zgb_f_lh^Z<aZbfhk\ya_c

DZq_kl\_gghcKljmdlmjub>_yl_evghklb46$5

10.2.4

H]jZgbq_gbygZbkihevah\Zgb_

IjZ\beZ\hlghr_gbbh]jZgbq_gbcgZbkihevah\Zgb_bebnZdlbq_kdbc

aZij_lgZbkihevah\Zgb_\_s_kl\hiZkguo^eya^hjh\vybebhdjm`Zxs_c

kj_^ufh]ml[ulvhkgh\Zgueb[hgZj_r_gbyoijbgyluogZ

f_`^mgZjh^guonhjmfZoeb[hgZqbklhgZpbhgZevguoj_r_gbyo

>ZgbyihklZ\beZgZi_j\h_f_klhaZij_lubh]jZgbq_gbygZjy^\_s_kl\

\dexqZyly`_eu_f_lZeeulZdb_dZddZ^fbcjlmlvbk\bg_p

hahghjZajmrZxsb_\_s_kl\Zdj_hahl[jhfbjh\Zggu_Zglbibj_gu

nlZeZlubI<OWlbh]jZgbq_gbyfhlb\bjh\Zgueb[hbohiZkgufb

k\hckl\Zfbeb[hbkihevam_fufdhebq_kl\hfeb[hkihkh[hf

ijbf_g_gbyeb[h\ha^_ckl\b_fgZ]jmiiujbkdZ

10.2.5

Ijbgpbiij_^hklhjh`ghklb

Ijbgpbiij_^hklhjh`ghklby\ey_lkyijbgpbihfdhlhjuchldju\Z_l

\hafh`ghklv^ey^_ckl\bcihj_]mebjh\Zgbxbkihevah\Zgby\_s_kl\

kdhj__gZhkgh\Zgbbih^haj_gbc\h\j_^guoihke_^kl\byoq_fgZ

h`b^Zgbbihy\e_gbylZdbokemqZ_\eb[hiheguogZmqguo^hdZaZl_evkl\

<dhgl_dkl_gZklhys_]hhlq_lZbkihevah\Zgb_ijbgpbiZ

ij_^hklhjh`ghklbfh`_l[ulvijbf_gbfuf^eyp_e_caZsblu]jmii

jbkdZkj_^bgZk_e_gbyhlihl_gpbZevguo\j_^guo\ha^_ckl\bcdhlhju_

g_ykgu\iheghcf_j_

Ijbgpbiij_^hklhjh`ghklbbkihevam_lky\jy^_f_`^mgZjh^guo

^h]h\hjh\gZijbf_j\:fkl_j^Zfkdhf>h]h\hj_?Khl]b\

^_deZjZpbyo<hfgh]bobagbo^Zggucijbgpbik\yaZg]eZ\gufh[jZahf

khiZkgufbobfbq_kdbfb\_s_kl\Zfbgh_klvlZd`_ijbf_ju[he__

rbjhdh]hih^oh^Zdwdheh]bq_kdbfijh[e_fZf

<aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_>Zgbbijbgpbiij_^hklhjh`ghklbijyfhg_

mihfbgZ_lkyghhgqZklhhljZ`_g\h\klmibl_evguodhff_glZjbyod

jZaebqgufijbjh^hhojZggufZdlZfHkgh\gufblZdbfbZdlZfby\eyxlky

:dlh[hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u:dlhobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\Zob

ijh^mdlZo:dlhfhjkdhchdjm`Zxs_ckj_^_:dlh]_gguol_ogheh]byo

DZd\>ZgbblZdbaZjm[_`hf\ihke_^gb_]h^ujZkl_l\gbfZgb_d

ijbgpbimij_^hklhjh`ghklbH^gh\j_f_gghkjZklms_ckeh`ghklvx

ijh[e_fhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uh`b^Z_lkyqlhiheblbdbijhfure_ggu_

ij_^ijbylbyb\eZklbjZaj_rZlwlbijh[e_fu\ihevama^hjh\vybeb

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u

H^gZdhmgb\_jkZevghcf_`^mgZjh^ghijbagZgghcbgl_jij_lZpbb

ijbgpbiZij_^hklhjh`ghklbg_kms_kl\m_l>ZgbyhlklZb\Z_lihabpbx\

khhl\_lkl\bbkdhlhjhc^Zggucijbgpbi^he`_g[ulvbkihevah\Zg\

kemqZyodh]^Zihl_gpbZevghhiZkgu_hljbpZl_evgu_\ha^_ckl\by

\uau\Zxllj_\h]mghg_lgZmqguo^hdZaZl_evkl\baaZhlkmlkl\by

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^ZgguoGZdhg_pijbgpbiij_^hklhjh`ghklbmihfygml\

aZdexqbl_evguo\u\h^Zo\klj_qbgZ\ukr_fmjh\g_\Gbpp_<ijbgylhf

gZwlhc\klj_q_aZy\e_gbbKh\_lZmdZaZghqlh\khhl\_lkl\bbk

ijbgpbiZfbf_`^mgZjh^gh]hijZ\ZKhh[s_kl\hb=hkm^Zjkl\Z

MqZklgbdbgZ^_e_guijZ\hfmklZgZ\eb\Zlvmjh\_gvaZsblu\kn_j_

dhgljheyjbkdZdhlhjuchgbkqblZxlg_h[oh^bfufDjhf_lh]hhgb

fh]mlij_^ijbgylvkhhl\_lkl\mxsb_f_ju\khhl\_lkl\bbkijbgpbihf

ij_^hklhjh`ghklbbg_\k_]^Z\hafh`ghaZjZg__hij_^_eblvmjh\_gv

aZsbluZ^_d\Zlguc^ey\k_okblmZpbc

10.2.6

AZsblZ]jmiijbkdZ

<]Fbgbkl_jkl\hhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ubwg_j]_lbdb\f_kl_kjy^hf

^jm]bofbgbkl_jkl\ijbgyehmqZklb_\dhgn_j_gpbbih\hijhkmh^_lyob

obfbdZlZoDZ`^h_fbgbkl_jkl\hij_^klZ\behhlq_lhlhfdZdaZsblZ

^_l_cb[_j_f_gguo`_gsbghljZ`_gZ\bojZ[hl_H[s__\i_qZle_gb_hl

^bkdmkkbckhklhbl\lhfqlh^_lbb[_j_f_ggu_`_gsbgu\h[s_f

^he`gu[ulvijbagZgu\dZq_kl\_hkh[uo]jmiijbkdZ\ieZg_

ihke_^kl\bchl\ha^_ckl\bcobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\DZdke_^kl\b_wlh]h

>:HHKbgbpbbjh\Zehijh_dlih^gZa\Zgb_f³>_lbb\ugZrb\Z_fu_

^_lb\ha^_ckl\b_b\hkijbbfqb\hklvdobfbq_kdbf\_s_kl\Zfhp_gdZ´

P_evijh_dlZaZdexqZeZkv\ih^]hlh\d_ih^jh[gh]hh[ahjZbh[gh\e_gby

^Zgguoh\ha^_ckl\bbgZq_eh\_dZbih^\_j`_gghklbq_eh\_dZ

\ha^_ckl\bxobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\\l_q_gb_wf[jbhgZevgh]h

aZjh^ur_\h]hbihke_jh^h\h]hi_jbh^h\>Zgguchlq_lij_^gZagZq_g^ey

kha^ZgbygZmqghchkgh\u[m^ms_cjZ[hlu>:HHKihjZajZ[hld_

ghjfZlb\guo^hdmf_glh\\kn_j_hojZgu^_l_cbg_jh`^_gguo^_l_chl

obfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\kh^_j`Zsboky\hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^_bkh^_j`bl

j_dhf_g^Zpbbihijh\_^_gbxwlhcjZ[hlu

J_]mebjh\Zgb_bkihevah\Zgbyobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\\p_ehfhkgh\ZghgZ

bf_xsboky\gZklhys__\j_fy^Zgguoh[hljbpZl_evguo\ha^_ckl\byob

jbkdZok\yaZgguokijbf_g_gb_f\_s_kl\H^gZdhbf_xsb_ky^Zggu_h

dhgdj_lghfobfbq_kdhf\_s_kl\_j_^dhhdZau\Zxlky^hklZlhqgufb^ey

hp_gdblh]hfh]mleb^_lbbebg_jh`^_ggu_^_lbjZkkfZljb\ZlvkydZd

[óevrZy]jmiiZjbkdZq_f\ajhkeu_<hlghr_gbbdhgdj_lguo

ihdZaZl_e_clZdbodZdjh`^Z_fhklvbebl_jZlh]_gghklv^Zggu_

kms_kl\mxllhevdh^ey±baobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\

ijhba\h^bfuo\[hevrboh[t_fZobh`b^Z_lkyqlh^eylukyq

obfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\ijhba\h^bfuo\f_gvrboh[t_fZowlhlijhp_gl

]hjZa^hgb`_Djhf_lh]h^ey[hevrbgkl\Zobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\bf_xlky

g_ihegu_^Zggu_\hlghr_gbbbo\ha^_ckl\bygZ^_l_cZlZd`_gZ

\ajhkeuo

Klhqdbaj_gbyj_]mebjh\Zgbyfh]ml[ulvijbf_g_gujZaebqgu_

ih^oh^u^eyaZsblu^_l_c\dexqZy_s_g_jh`^_gguohl\j_^guo

\ha^_ckl\bcgZboa^hjh\v_obfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\kh^_j`Zsboky\

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^_H^bgboih^oh^h\ijbf_gy_fuo^eyj_]mebjh\Zgby

aZdexqZ_lky\kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgbbijh\_^_gbyhp_gdbjbkdZ\ha^_ckl\by

obfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\iml_f\dexq_gby\g__aZ^Zqbihemq_gby^Zgguo

hlghkysbokydaZsbl_bf_ggh^_l_c\dexqZy_s_g_jh`^_gguo>jm]hc

ih^oh^aZdexqZ_lky\[hevr_f\gbfZgbbd^_lyfb[_j_f_gguf

`_gsbgZf\ijhp_kk_dhgljheyjbkdZ



10.3

J_]mebjh\Zgb_biheblbdZj_]mebjh\Zgby

10.3.1

IheblbdZj_]mebjh\Zgbyijbf_gy_fZy\>Zgbb

J_]mebjh\Zgb_bkihevah\ZgbyobfbdZlh\gZoh^blkyih^w]b^hc

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http://www.mst.dk/activi/01000000.htm.

10.3.2

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10.3.3

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10.3.4

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