Факторы окружающей среды и здоровье человека. Опыт Дании

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.



>bj_dlb\Z((&³<ha^_ckl\b_g_dhlhjuoh[s_kl\_gguob

qZklguoijh_dlh\gZhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mWH

>bj_dlb\Z((&H[hojZg_\h^hlaZ]jyag_gby\ua\Zggh]h

gbljZlZfbbak_evkdhohayckl\_gguobklhqgbdh\

>bj_dlb\Z((&<ha^_ckl\b_g_dhlhjuoh[s_kl\_gguob

qZklguoijh_dlh\gZhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mgh\Zyj_^Zdpby>bj_dlb\u

Kh\_lZ((&





IeZ\Zl_evgu_[Zkk_cgu

bklhqgbdbfbg_jZevghc\h^ub

bgu_koh^gu_\h^gu_h[t_dlu

bkihevam_fu_^eyhl^uoZkihjlZb

ha^hjh\e_gby

<k_]hjh^Z\>Zgbbbf_xlh^bgbeb[he__[Zkk_cgh\ij_^klZ\eyxsbo

kh[hc\Z`gh_kj_^kl\hhl^uoZb\hkklZgh\e_gbya^hjh\vyZlZd`_

bkihevamxsboky^eylj_gbjh\hde_q_gbybijhnbeZdlbdbiZpb_glh\

f_^bpbgkdbomqj_`^_gbcb\^jm]bop_eyo

<hlebqb_hlfhjkdbobij_kguo\h^\h^Z\[Zkk_cgZopbjdmebjm_lih

aZfdgmlhckbkl_f_b^_abgnbpbjm_lky>_abgn_dpby±wlhijhp_kk

ihkj_^kl\hfdhlhjh]hiZlh]_ggu_fbdjhhj]Zgbafum^Zeyxlkybeb

h[_a\j_`b\ZxlkylZdbfh[jZahfqlhhgbg_ij_^klZ\eyxlk_jv_agh]h

jbkdZbgn_dpbb<>Zgbb^_abgn_dpbyijhba\h^blkyoehjhfbeb

]bihoehjblhfdhlhju_y\eyxlkyobfbq_kdbfbj_Zdlb\ZfbHgb

\klmiZxl\j_Zdpbxkhj]Zgbq_kdbfbbg_hj]Zgbq_kdbfb\_s_kl\Zfb

kh^_j`Zsbfbky\\h^_b\_s_kl\Zfbdhlhju_ijb\ghkylkyieh\pZfb

hgb\dexqZxl\k_[yihlfhqmke_^ufueZdhkf_lbdbbl^bh[jZamxl

jZaebqgu_ih[hqgu_ijh^mdlu^_abgn_dpbbgZijbf_jljb]Zehf_lZgu

;hevrh_qbkehihk_lbl_e_c[Zkk_cgh\b\hagbdZxsZy\j_amevlZl_wlh]h

agZqbl_evgZygZ]jmadZgZ\h^gmxkj_^m\aZfdgmlhfijhkljZgkl\_^_eZ_l

boihl_gpbZevgufbbklhqgbdZfb\_s_kl\bfbdjhhj]Zgbafh\dhlhju_

\j_^gu^eya^hjh\vyIhwlhfm\Z`_gj_]meyjgucdhgljhevdZq_kl\Z\h^u

\[Zkk_cgZo

9.1

<ha^_ckl\b_wdheh]bq_kdbonZdlhjh\gZq_eh\_dZ

9.1.1

Wdheh]bq_kdb_nZdlhju

Hkgh\gu_nZdlhjuhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uijb\_^_gu\LZ[ebp_



LZ[ebpZ9.1 DjZldb_k\_^_gbyhijhbkoh`^_gbboZjZdl_jbklbdZob\ha^_ckl\bbgZ

a^hjh\v_g_dhlhjuogZb[he__\Z`guoaZ]jyagbl_e_c

NZdlhjuhdjm`Zxs_c

kj_^u±\p_ehf

Ijhbkoh`^_gb_b

oZjZdl_jbklbdb

<ha^_ckl\b_gZa^hjh\v_

;Zdl_jbbijbf_ju

7_jfhmklhcqb\u_[Zdl_jbb

dhebnhjfuwgl_jhdhddb

kZevfhg_eeZD

DZfnbeh[Zdl_jbb

Pseudomonas, Legionella

Ijhkl_crb_

*LDUGLDdjbilhkihjb^bb

<bjmku

$^_gh\bjmk\bjmk]_iZlblZ

$wgl_jh\bjmk

Fbdjhhj]Zgbafuhl

ihk_lbl_e_cihevamxsboky

[Zkk_cghfgZijdhebb

^jm]b_l_jfhmklhcqb\u_

dhebnhjfueb[h

fbdjhhj]Zgbafudhlhju_

jZafgh`bebkv[eZ]h^Zjy

l_fi_jZlmjgufmkeh\byfb

baaZg_^hklZlhqghc

^_abgn_dpbbgZij

SVHXGRPRQDVDHURJLQRVD\

hkh[_gghklbihjZ`Zxsb_

dh`mmrbb]eZaZ

@_em^hqghdbr_qgu_

kbfilhfu

=eZaZmrbbj_kibjZlhjgu_

kbfilhfu

>bZj_y

J\hlZ

JZa^jZ`_gb_dh`b

Ij_iZjZlubkihevam_fu_

^ey^_abgn_dpbb

Ij_iZjZlubkihevam_fu_^ey

^_abgn_dpbb\h^u\

[Zkk_cgZol_oehjb

]bihoehjbl

Ij_iZjZlubkihevam_fu_^ey

m[hjdbihf_s_gbc

JZa^jZ`_gb_kebabklhc

h[hehqdb]eZakebabkluo

f_f[jZgdh`bb

^uoZl_evguoiml_c

AZiZo

Ih[hqgu_ijh^mdlu

^_abgn_dpbbl_

Ljb]Zehf_lZgu

]ZehmdkmkgZydbkehlZ

]Zehmdkmkgu_dbkehlu

]ZehZp_lhgbljbeu

]Zehd_lhgu]b^jZloehjZ

ljboehjZp_lZev^_]b^

oehjibdjbg

ljboehjgbljhf_lZg

oehjb^pbZgh]_gZoehjZl

oehjZfbgu

J_Zdpbyf_`^mij_iZjZlZfb

bkihevam_fufb^ey

^_abgn_dpbbb

hj]Zgbq_kdbfbb

g_hj]Zgbq_kdbfb\_s_kl\Zfb

JZa^jZ`_gb_kebabklhc

h[hehqdb]eZaZkebabkluo

f_f[jZgdh`bb

^uoZl_evguoiml_c

AZiZo

Obfbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Z

\ghkbfu_ihevah\Zl_eyfb

[Zkk_cgZl_

fhqZZffbZd

Zfbghdbkehludj_Zlbgbgb

l^

:ahlhkh^_j`Zsb_

kh_^bg_gby\u^_ey_fu_ba

ihlZbfhqb

JZa^jZ`_gb_kebabklhc

h[hehqdb]eZaZkebabkluo

f_f[jZgdh`b^uoZl_evguo

iml_cAZiZo

9.1.2

BklhqgbdbaZ]jyagbl_e_c

DZdqbkehihk_lbl_e_clZdbdhgkljmdpby[Zkk_cgZbhdjm`Zxsbo

ihf_s_gbcZlZd`_lhdZdhgbwdkiemZlbjmxlkyfh]mlmkbeb\Zlv

ihl_gpbZevgh\j_^gh_\ha^_ckl\b_wdheh]bq_kdbonZdlhjh\\[Zkk_cgZo

Fbdjhhj]Zgbafun_dZevgh]hbg_n_dZevgh]hijhbkoh`^_gbydhlhju_

fh]mlijb\_klbd\j_^ghfm\ha^_ckl\bxgZa^hjh\v_\dexqZxl[Zdl_jbb

\bjmkuijhkl_crb_b]jb[dbN_dZevgh_aZ]jyag_gb_fh`_lijhbkoh^blv

hln_dZebcihevah\Zl_e_c[Zkk_cgZbebkh^_j`Zsboky\aZ]jyag_gghc

\h^_ihklmib\r_c\[Zkk_cgFgh]b_\kiurdb[he_ag_ck\yaZgguok



[Zkk_cgZfbijhbahrebbaaZlh]hqlhg_ijhba\h^beZkvbebiehoh

ijhba\h^beZkv^_abgn_dpby<HAD

G_n_dZevgu_dhfihg_gluijb\ghkbfu_q_eh\_dhfgZijhlkebabkluo

f_f[jZgkexgudh`b\[Zkk_cgbklhqgbdfbg_jZevghc\h^ubeb

ih^h[gu_j_dj_Zpbhggu_\h^gu_kj_^uy\eyxlkybklhqgbdhf

g_wgl_jbq_kdboiZlh]_gguofbdjhhj]Zgbafh\AZjZ`_ggu_bfb

ihevah\Zl_ebfh]mlg_ihkj_^kl\_gghaZ]jyagylv[Zkk_cgbeb\h^m\

bklhqgbd_fbg_jZevghc\h^uZlZd`_ih\_joghklbij_^f_lh\beb

fZl_jbZeugZha^hjh\bl_evghfh[t_dl_^hklZlhqgh[hevrbfqbkehf

i_j\bqguoiZlh]_gh\Zbf_ggh\bjmkh\beb]jb[dh\dhlhju_

\ihke_^kl\bbfh]mlijb\_klbdbgn_dpbbdh`bm^jm]boihk_lbl_e_c

dhlhju_\klmiZxl\dhglZdlkaZ]jyag_gghc\h^hcbebih\_joghklyfb

<HAD

Obfbq_kdb_kh_^bg_gbyh[gZjm`_ggu_\\h^_[Zkk_cgh\\dexqZxl\

k_[ykh_^bg_gbydhlhju_k\yaZgukhqbkldhc\h^udZdkZfb

obfbq_kdb_^h[Z\dblZdbih[hqgu_ijh^mdludhlhju_ihemqZxlky\

j_amevlZl_obfbq_kdhcj_Zdpbcf_`^mwlbfb^h[Z\dZfb\hkh[_gghklb

ij_iZjZlu^ey^_abgn_dpbbbhj]Zgbq_kdbfbbg_hj]Zgbq_kdbfb

\_s_kl\Zfbkh^_j`Zsbfbky\kujhc\h^_ZlZd`_l_fbdhlhju_aZghkyl

ihevah\Zl_ebbdhlhju_\dexqZxl\k_[yhklZldbfueZdhkf_lbdmdj_f

^eyaZ]ZjZihlbfhqm<HAE

Fgh]b_ih[hqgu_obfbq_kdb_ijh^mdluk\yaZggu_k^_abgn_dpb_c\h^u

\[Zkk_cg_h[jZamxlky\dhebq_kl\_dhlhjh_kjZ\gbfhihdjZcg_cf_j_

kdhebq_kl\hfih[hqguoijh^mdlh\h[jZamxsbokyijb^_abgn_dpbb

iblv_\hc\h^uNZdlbq_kdbihkdhevdm\h^Zdhlhjhci_j\hgZqZevgh[ue

aZiheg_g[Zkk_cgb^h[Z\ey_fZy\g_]h\ihke_^kl\bb\h^Zm`_ijhreb

\h^hhqbkldmdZdiblv_\Zy\h^Zbkh^_j`Zlij_iZjZl^ey^_abgn_dpbbb

ih[hqgu_ijh^mdluZlZd`_ihkdhevdmh[uqgh\h^Z\[Zkk_cg_

bkihevam_lkyihaZfdgmlhfmpbdemb\g__^h[Z\eyxlky^hihegbl_evgu_

ij_^\Zjbl_evgh\ghkbfu_ij_iZjZluZlZd`_ij_iZjZlu^ey

^_abgn_dpbbmjh\gbkh^_j`Zgbyih[hqguoijh^mdlh\\j_amevlZl_

j_Zdpbcij_iZjZlh\^ey^_abgn_dpbbh[gZjm`_gguo\\h^_agZqbl_evgh

ij_\urZxlmjh\_gvbokh^_j`Zgby\iblv_\hc\h^_<HAE

9.1.3

<ha^_ckl\b_gZq_eh\_dZ

Kihkh[u\ha^_ckl\byfbdjhhj]Zgbafh\bobfbdZlh\kh^_j`Zsboky\

\h^_[Zkk_cgh\ij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hcg_ihkj_^kl\_ggh_\ha^_ckl\b_iml_f

ijyfh]hihiZ^Zgby\h^u\kbkl_fmibs_\Zj_gbyijbaZ]eZlu\Zgbbbeb

\^uoZgbyZwjhahe_cb]Zah\lZdbodZdoehjhnhjf\h\j_fyieZ\Zgby

bbebq_j_aih\j_`^_gby\aZsblghfkeh_dh`bG_dhlhju_bajZaebqguo

bklhqgbdh\\ha^_ckl\byhibkZgu\ur_

9.2

Mjh\_gvaZsblu

Mjh\_gvaZsbluhlaZ]jyag_gbyhkgh\ZggZijhp_^mjZohqbkldbb

^_abgn_dpbbZlZd`_gZdhgljhe_dZq_kl\Z\h^u<>Zgbbmjh\_gv

aZsblukqblZ_lky\ukhdbfh^gZdhkms_kl\mxsb_ghjfZlb\gu_

lj_[h\Zgbyi_j_kfZljb\Zxlky\k\_l_ihke_^gbo^Zgguobkmq_lhf

j_amevlZlh\l_ogbq_kdh]hijh]j_kkZ



Ba^Zgugh\u_lj_[h\Zgby^eyk\yaZggh]hoehjZbljboehjf_lZgh\gZ

hkgh\ZgbbdZdl_ogbq_kdbo\hafh`ghkl_clZdbkmq_lhfbo\ha^_ckl\by

gZkihjlkf_gh\dhlhju_ijh\h^ylagZqbl_evgh_\j_fy\oehjbjh\Zgghc

\h^_

9.3

J_]mebjh\Zgb_bkljZl_]by

GhjfZlb\gu_lj_[h\Zgbyd[Zkk_cgZfijb\_^_gu\IhklZgh\e_gbb

ghjfZlb\ghfZdl_hlZij_ey]ba^ZgghfFbgbkl_jkl\hf

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ubwg_j]_lbdbH`b^Z_lkyqlhm`_ih^]hlh\e_gguc

gh\ucghjfZlb\gucZdlh[Zkk_cgZobdZq_kl\_\h^u\gbo\klmibl\kbem

\]WlhIheh`_gb_m`_klhqblkms_kl\mxsb_lj_[h\Zgby

baeh`_ggu_\JZa^_e_Hgb\dexqZxlkgb`_gb_fZdkbfZevgh

jZaj_r_gguomjh\g_ckh^_j`Zgbyk\h[h^gh]hoehjZk\yaZggh]hoehjZb

ljb]Zehf_lZgh\H^gZdhjZaj_r_ggh_dhebq_kl\hk\h[h^gh]hoehjZ

hklZ_lkygZmjh\g_dhlhjuckqblZ_lky[_ahiZkguf^eydhgljhey

kh^_j`Zgby[Zdl_jbce_]bhg_jh\GhjfZlb\gucZdllZd`_kh^_j`bl

lj_[h\Zgb_h[Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc^habjh\d_oehjZbjGLZdb_mklZgh\db

m`_bkihevamxlky\hfgh]boh[s_kl\_gguo[Zkk_cgZo

<\_^_ggh\ucdhgljhebjm_fuciZjZf_ljkh^_j`Zgb_[Zdl_jbb

Pseudomonas aeruginosa^eykbkl_f]hjyq_]h\h^hkgZ[`_gbyihkdhevdm

wlb[Zdl_jbbmklhcqb\ud^_abgnbpbjmxsbfij_iZjZlZf\dexqZyoehj

>:HHKlZd`_bkke_^h\Zehfh]mleb[ulvh[gZjm`_gu\\h^_[Zkk_cgh\

ieZklbnbdZlhjuihdjulbcih\_joghklbgZijbf_jnhev]ZI<Obebhl

b]jmr_ddmiZevguodhklxfh\bebhklZldbdhkf_lbdbIeZklbnbdZlhju

m^ZeyxlkynbevljZfbbaZdlb\bjh\Zggh]h^j_\_kgh]hm]eydhlhju_

mklZgh\e_gu\[hevrbgkl\_aZdjuluoieZ\Zl_evguo[Zkk_cgh\

Ihwlhfm>:HHKijbrehdaZdexq_gbxqlhg_lg_h[oh^bfhklb\ghkblv

lj_[h\Zgb_hj_]meyjghfZgZeba_ieZklbnbdZlhjh\>eyhldjuluo

ieZ\Zl_evguo[Zkk_cgh\bl_odjuluo[Zkk_cgh\dhlhju_g_bf_xl

^j_\_kghm]hevguonbevljh\fmgbpbiZebl_lu^he`guijh\_klb

dhgdj_lgmxhp_gdmg_h[oh^bfhklblZdh]hZgZebaZ

Gh\ucghjfZlb\gucZdlmklZgZ\eb\Z_lqlhobfbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Z

h[gZjm`_ggu_g_kfhljygZj_]meyjgucfhgblhjbg]bdhgljhevdZq_kl\Z

b^eydhlhjuog_ijbgyludjbl_jbbdZq_kl\ZgZijbf_jieZklbnbdZlhju

^he`gukhhl\_lkl\h\Zlvdjbl_jbyfdZq_kl\ZmklZgh\e_gguf^ey

iblv_\hc\h^u>:HHKlZd`_ij_^eh`behqlh[uFbgbkl_jkl\h

kljhbl_evkl\Zb`bevy\\_ehjZaj_rbl_evgmxkbkl_fm^eyfZl_jbZeh\

bkihevam_fuo^eyh[ebph\dbih\_joghklb\[Zkk_cgZo\khhl\_lkl\bbk

l_fb`_ijbgpbiZfbdhlhju_ijbf_gyxlkydfZl_jbZeZf^ey

bkihevah\Zgby\kbkl_fZokgZ[`_gbyiblv_\hc\h^hc

9.4

Bgkljmf_glu

9.4.1

GhjfZlb\gu_bgkljmf_glu

Kp_evxmf_gvr_gby\ha^_ckl\bybjbkdZ^hijb_fe_fh]hmjh\gy

mklZgh\e_gZkh\hdmighklvlj_[h\Zgbcihqbklhl_^eyihk_lbl_e_c

[Zkk_cgZih\_joghkl_ciheZkl_g[Zkk_cgZbl^ZlZd`_^_abgn_dpbbb



^jm]bokihkh[h\hqbkldb\h^u[Zkk_cgZWlhhagZqZ_lqlhdhgljhev

dZq_kl\Z\h^u\dexqZ_l\k_[ykhq_lZgb_g_kdhevdboihdZaZl_e_c

G_dhlhju_bagbohlghkylkydfbdjhhj]ZgbafZf^jm]b_dnbabq_kdbfb

obfbq_kdbfnZdlhjZf

Fbdjh[bheh]bq_kdbfihdZaZl_e_fbkihevam_fuf\>Zgbby\ey_lky

ih^kq_lfbdjh[h\Dh]^Zqbkehfbdjh[h\\ur_hij_^_e_ggh]hij_^_eZ

ijhba\h^blkyih^kq_ll_jfhmklhcqb\uodhebnhjfbpseudomona.

?`_^g_\gucdhgljhevdZq_kl\Z\h^u\[Zkk_cgZohkgh\ZggZobfbq_kdbo

bnbabq_kdbobaf_j_gbyoijh\h^bfuoi_jkhgZehfhl\_lkl\_ggufaZ

wdkiemZlZpbx[Zkk_cgh\bgZ_`_f_kyqguobaf_j_gbyo\dexqZxsbo

ih^kq_lfbdjh[h\iexkobfbq_kdb_bnbabq_kdb_nZdlhjudhlhju_

ijh\h^ylhnbpbZevgu_\eZklbqZs_\k_]hfmgbpbiZebl_luHgb

y\eyxlkydexq_\ufbwe_f_glZfb^Zlkdhckbkl_fuj_]mebjh\Zgby

dZq_kl\Z\h^u\[Zkk_cgZobij_^gZagZq_gu^ey[ukljh]hj_Z]bjh\Zgbyb

aZsblugZk_e_gby

?`_^g_\gucdhgljhevnbabq_kdbobobfbq_kdboiZjZf_ljh\\dexqZ_l

l_fi_jZlmjmh[uqghf_`^m

&agZq_gb_S+S+ 

`_eZl_evghf_`^m±k\h[h^gucoehjf]eboehj\

kh_^bg_gbyofZdkbfZevghf]e`_eZl_evghdZdfh`ghgb`_

Dhgljhevhkms_kl\ey_fuchnbpbZevgufb\eZklyfb\dexqZ_l

•

?`_f_kyqgucih^kq_lfbdjh[h\baf_j_gb_l_fi_jZlmjuS+b

kh^_j`ZgbyoehjZ

•

?kebihdZaZl_evqbke_gghklbfbdjh[h\\ur_ij_^_evgh]hagZq_gby

gZfeijhba\h^blkyZgZeba\h^ugZ[Zdl_jbbdhebb

pseudomona.

•

Baf_j_gb_kh^_j`Zgbyhj]Zgbq_kdbo\_s_kl\ijh\h^blkyq_luj_jZaZ

\]h^

•

Baf_j_gb_kh^_j`Zgbyih[hqguoijh^mdlh\^_abgnbpbjmxsbo

ij_iZjZlh\ijhba\h^blky^\ZjZaZ\]h^

•

Hkfhlj[Zkk_cgZhdjm`Zxs_c_]hl_jjblhjbbb_`_^g_\gu_

ibkvf_ggu_hlq_luh_]hjZ[hl_b^Zgguofhgblhjbg]Z

Wlblj_[h\ZgbymklZgh\e_gu\\ur_mihfygmlhfghjfZlb\ghfZdl_

hlZij_ey]ba^ZggufFbgbkl_jkl\hfhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ub

wg_j]_lbdb

H]jZgbq_gbygZdmiZgb_

?keb]b]b_gbq_kdb_mkeh\bybbebdZq_kl\h\h^u\ieZ\Zl_evghf

[Zkk_cg_g_khhl\_lkl\mxldjbl_jbyfdZq_kl\ZfmgbpbiZevguckh\_l

^he`_gba^ZlvihklZgh\e_gb_h[memqr_gbbwlbomkeh\bceb[h\

k_jv_aguokemqZyoaZdjulv[Zkk_cg



9.5

MqZklgbdbijhp_kkZ

Hkgh\gu_mqZklgbdbj_]mebjh\ZgbydZq_kl\Z\h^u[Zkk_cgh\

i_j_qbke_gu\LZ[ebp_

LZ[ebpZ9.1 IeZ\Zl_evgu_[Zkk_cgumqZkl\mxsb_hj]ZgbaZpbbbebpZnmgdpbbb

hl\_lkl\_gghklv

MqZklgbdb Nmgdpbbbhl\_lkl\_gghklv\k\yabkieZ\Zl_evgufb

[Zkk_cgZfb

>:HHK >:HHKhl\_qZ_laZih^]hlh\dmijh_dlh\aZdhgh\b

ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\bba^Z_lmdZaZgbyj_]mebjmxsb_jZ[hlm

j_]bhgZevguobf_klguo\eZkl_c>:HHKlZd`_hl\_qZ_laZ

gZijZ\e_gb_\Dhfbkkbxj_amevlZlh\dhgljheydZq_kl\Z\h^u

^eydmiZgby

Ebphhl\_qZxs__aZ

_`_^g_\gmxjZ[hlm

[Zkk_cgh\

?`_^g_\gucdhgljhev^_abgn_dpbbm[hjdb[_ahiZkghklb

bgkljmdlZ`ihk_lbl_e_cbih^]hlh\dZhi_jZlb\guohlq_lh\

FmgbpbiZebl_lu

FmgbpbiZevgu_\eZklbhl\_qZxlaZkh[ex^_gb_

aZdhgh^Zl_evguolj_[h\Zgbcbihwlhfmh[yaZguh[_ki_qblv

khhl\_lkl\b_bih^^_j`Zgb_khhl\_lkl\bylj_[h\Zgbyf

dZq_kl\Zbaeh`_gguf\aZdhgZoKx^Z\oh^blh[mq_gb_

f_g_^`_jh\[Zkk_cgh\l_ogbq_kdh_h[kem`b\Zgb_kbkl_f

ijhp_^mju_`_f_kyqgu_ZgZebaubl^

Hl\_lkl\_gguc

khljm^gbdhj]Zgh\

a^jZ\hhojZg_gby

?keb_klvdZdb_eb[hijhy\e_gbyk_jv_agh]hmom^r_gby

dZq_kl\Z\h^ubih^haj_gbyklhqdbaj_gby\ha^_ckl\bygZ

a^hjh\v_fmgbpbiZevguckh\_l^he`_gijb[_]gmlvd

dhgkmevlZpbbhl\_lkl\_ggh]hkhljm^gbdZhj]Zgh\

a^jZ\hhojZg_gby

9.6

Hp_gdZ

P_evj_]mebjh\Zgbybkihevah\Zgby\h^u^eyj_dj_Zpbhgguop_e_c

aZdexqZ_lky\h[_ki_q_gbb[_ahiZkgh]hnmgdpbhgbjh\ZgbyieZ\Zl_evguo

[Zkk_cgh\fbg_jZevguobklhqgbdh\b^jm]boZgZeh]bqguo

j_dj_Zpbhgguo\h^guoh[t_dlh\kl_fqlh[uba[_`Zlvg_]Zlb\gh]h

\ha^_ckl\bygZa^hjh\v_b[he_ag_ckj_^bebpihevamxsbfbkywlbfb

h[t_dlZfbM^_ey_lkyhkh[h_\gbfZgb_]jmiiZfjbkdZlZdbfdZd^_lb

ex^bkljZ^Zxsb_Zklfhcbkihjlkf_gudhlhju_qZs_^jm]bo

dhglZdlbjmxlklZdhc\h^hcP_evkhklhbl\h[_ki_q_gbblZdh]hdZq_kl\Z

\h^u\[Zkk_cgZodhlhjh_g_ijbg_k_l\j_^Za^hjh\vxgZk_e_gbyb

iha\heblih^^_j`b\Zlvmjh\_gv^_abgn_dpbb\h^ubkdexqZxsbc

kms_kl\h\Zgb_iZlh]_gguofbdjhhj]Zgbafh\

F_juih^hklb`_gbxwlhcp_eb\dexqZxlfulv_l_eZi_j_^l_fdZd

\hclb\\h^mhqbkldmb^_abgn_dpbx[Zkk_cgZb\h^uj_]meyjguc

fhgblhjbg]bdhgljhevkh^_j`Zgbyobfbq_kdbokh_^bg_gbcb

fbdjhhj]Zgbafh\

G_ijh\h^blkykbkl_fZlbq_kdhcj_]bkljZpbb^Zgguoh\ha^_ckl\bb\h^u

^eydmiZgbyb^jm]hc\h^ubkihevam_fhc^eyj_dj_Zpbhgguop_e_cgZ

a^hjh\v_H^gZdhba\_klgukemqZbaZ[he_\ZgbygZijbf_j[he_agvx

\h^uZkhhl\_lkl\mxsZy[Zdl_jbyh[gZjm`_gZ\h[s_kl\_gguo



[Zkk_cgZokih^h]j_lhc\h^hcHibkZgukemqZbhkljh]h\ha^_ckl\by

lZdh]hdZdjZa^jZ`_gb_hj]Zgh\^uoZgbybdh`b\j_amevlZl_

\ha^_ckl\byij_iZjZlh\^ey^_abgn_dpbbbih[hqguoijh^mdlh\

kh^_j`Zsboky\\h^_bahg_^uoZgbyghboh[sbcwnn_dlhl\ha^_ckl\by

gZa^hjh\v_q_eh\_dZg_bamq_gihkdhevdm\wlhfkemqZ_j_qvlZd`_b^_l

h\hafh`guohl^Ze_gguoihke_^kl\byo\ha^_ckl\bywlboobfbq_kdbo

ij_iZjZlh\

>:HHKjZkkfZljb\Z_lkms_kl\mxsbcmjh\_gvdZd^hklZlhqguc^ey

hojZgua^hjh\vyex^_cH^gZdhihkdhevdm\gZklhys__\j_fywlh

l_ogbq_kdb\hafh`gh\[eb`Zcr_f[m^ms_f[m^_l\\_^_ghgh\h_[he__

`_kldh_j_]mebjh\Zgb_dhlhjh_m`_klhqbllj_[h\Zgby\hlghr_gbb

dZq_kl\Z\h^ub_]hdhgljhey

Djhf_lh]h>:HHKjZ[hlZ_lgZ^\\_^_gb_fjZaj_rbl_evghckbkl_fu

^eyfZl_jbZeh\bkihevam_fuo^eyhl^_edbih\_joghklb\[Zkk_cgZo\

khhl\_lkl\bbkl_fb`_ijbgpbiZfbdhlhju_bkihevamxlky\kbkl_fZo

kgZ[`_gbyiblv_\hc\h^hc

>ey^Zevg_cr_]hih\ur_gby[_ahiZkghklb\hlghr_gbb\h^guo

h[t_dlh\bkihevam_fuo^eyj_dj_Zpbhgguop_e_cbkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgby

f_jj_]mebjh\Zgbyg_h[oh^bfugh\u_^Zggu_hih[hqguoijh^mdlZohl

ij_iZjZlh\^ey^_abgn_dpbbdhlhju_bkihevamxlky^eyh[jZ[hldb\h^u

\[Zkk_cgZobbolhdkbdheh]bq_kdbok\hckl\Zo

>jm]bfi_jki_dlb\gufgZijZ\e_gb_fy\ey_lkyhp_gdZ\hafh`ghklb

bkihevah\ZgbyaZf_gbl_e_c]Zahh[jZagh]hoehjZb]bihoehjblZdhlhju_

k_]h^gyjZaj_r_gu^ey^_abgn_dpbbWlZhp_gdZ^he`gZlZd`_\dexqZlv

ijbgylb_ijh]jZffufhgblhjbg]Zbhij_^_e_gb_khhl\_lkl\mxsbo

iZjZf_ljh\dhgljheyZlZd`_lhdkbdheh]bq_kdmxhp_gdm\hafh`guo

ih[hqguoijh^mdlh\

Ex[h_bkihevah\Zgb_Zevl_jgZlb\guo^_abgnbpbjmxsboij_iZjZlh\

lZd`_ihlj_[m_lagZgbch[bo\ha^_ckl\bbgZiZlh]_ggu_

fbdjhhj]Zgbafudhlhju_fh]mlkh^_j`Zlvky\\h^_

9.7

BklhqgbdbbgnhjfZpbb

Ebl_jZlmjZ

<HADMdZaZgbyih[_ahiZkghfmbkihevah\Zgbx\h^guoh[t_dlh\

^eyj_dj_Zpbhgguop_e_cLhf;Zkk_cgufbg_jZevgu_bklhqgbdbb

^jm]b_ZgZeh]bqgu_\h^gu_h[t_dlubkihevam_fu_^eyj_dj_Zpbhgguo

p_e_c=eZ\ZFbdjh[bheh]bq_kdb_hiZkghklbHdhgqZl_evgucijh_dl

^eydhgkmevlZpbcZ\]mkl]

<HAEMdZaZgbyih[_ahiZkghfmbkihevah\Zgbx\h^guoh[t_dlh\

^eyj_dj_Zpbhgguop_e_cLhf;Zkk_cgufbg_jZevgu_bklhqgbdbb

^jm]b_ZgZeh]bqgu_\h^gu_h[t_dlubkihevam_fu_^eyj_dj_Zpbhgguo

p_e_c=eZ\ZObfbq_kdb_hiZkghklbHdhgqZl_evgucijh_dl^ey

dhgkmevlZpbcZ\]mkl]



AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h

GhjfZlb\gucZdlhlZij_ey]³HdZq_kl\_\h^u\

ieZ\Zl_evguo[Zkk_cgZo´

Ijh_dlghjfZlb\gh]hZdlZ³HdZq_kl\_\h^u\ieZ\Zl_evguo[Zkk_cgZo´

^_dZ[jv]