Colin Mark. The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Гэльско-английский словарь
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3. air is also often associated with ill-
ness or trouble
□
dè tha ceàrr ort?
what’s wrong with you?
□
more
simply: dè tha a’ cur air? what ails
him?
□
tha an cnatan orm I have
a cold
□
bha am fiabhras air he had
a fever (lit. the fever was on him)
□
thuirt iad gur e a chridhe a bha air
they said that it was his heart (that
was troubling him / that was wrong
with him)
□
bha eagal air gun
tigeadh e air ais air he was afraid it
(e.g. the cold) would come back
□
tha an t-acras airsan he is hungry
□
co air a bheil acras? tha ormsa
who’s hungry? I am
□
bha cur na
mara oirre / chuir a’mhuir oirre she
was seasick
□
this usage is extended
to such expressions as: theich an cù
orm the dog has run off [on me]
□
dh’fhàillig an càr air the car broke
down with him
□
mharbh iad tun-
nag orm they killed one of my
ducks
□
bha e anns an rathad orm
he was in my way
□
tha mi duilich,
ach tha thu anns an t-solas orm I’m
sorry, but you’re in my light
4. air often translates into English as
‘about’
□
tha e a’ sgrìobhadh leab-
hair air giseagan he is writing
a book about spells
□
thòisich i a’
gearan air prìs an arain she began
to complain about the price of
bread
□
cha ghabh e seachnadh
gun lean neo-shuim air a’ chùis it
cannot be avoided that indifference
about the matter will continue
□
cha chòir dhut a bhith a’bruidhinn
air cho toibheumach ri sin you
oughtn’t to be talking about it as
blasphemously as that
□
co air
a tha thu a’togail sgainneal a-nis?
about whom are you spreading
scandal now? (lit. on whom are
you raising etc.)
□
sgrìobh air an
acfhainn a bha iad a’ cur gu feum
write about the equipment they
were using
□
co air a bha e a’
smaoineachadh? who / what was
he thinking about?
It should be noted that, although
air is not used with days of the
week e.g. Diciadain, Wednesday
(q.v.), except to particularise it in
some way, it is used with là / latha
□
air latha àraidh on a certain day
□
air an latha mu dheireadh den
bhliadhna on the last day of the year
5. air is used along with vn’s to form
compound tenses
□
tha iad air
tighinn dhachaigh they have come
home (lit. they are after coming
home)
□
properly should be a
thighinn, but the len is often omit-
ted when the vn immediately fol-
lows air
□
a noun governed by the
vn comes between air and the vn
which is normally lenited
□
a bheil
thu air an iuchair a bhriseadh?
have you broken the key?
When the object of the verb is a
pers pron the following construc-
tion is used: tha e air a bhriseadh
he has broken it masc obj (lit. he is
after its breaking)
□
tha e air a
briseadh he has broken it fem obj
(lit. he is after its breaking)
□
tha e
air mo shàbhaladh a-rithist he has
saved me again (lit. he is after my
saving again)
□
when, however, the
pers pron refers to the subject of
the verb, the verbal construction
may have a passive meaning
□
bha
iad uile air an sàbhaladh they were
all saved / they had all been saved
(lit. they were all after their saving)
6. air do (or the prep prons of
do) ⫹ the vn may be translated in a
number of ways
□
air do Sheumas
a thilleadh dhachaigh thug e a
leabaidh air when James returned
home, he went to bed
□
air dhi
an litir a shìneadh dha dh’fhalbh
i after handing the letter to him,
she left
□
air dhomh an doras
a ghlasadh chuir mi an iuchair
nam phòcaid having locked
the door, I put the key in my
pocket
7. air with abstract nouns ending in
-ad or -as are fairly common in
proverbs, but uncommon in every-
day speech
□
air ghlainead an
tobair bidh salachar ann however
clean the well is, there is dirt in it
(proverb)
□
air a luathas for all
his / her speed
□
note also the fol-
lowing: chan fhaca mi riamh an
samhail air olcas I have never seen
their like for evil 8. air cho
□
see
cho, air cho
aipeandaig 22
airc, -e nf destitution, distress, necessity,
need (poverty)
□
bha iad [ann] an dearbh
airc they were in real distress / in dire
straits
□
nì airc innleachd necessity is the
mother of invention
àirc, -e, -ean nf ark
□
bha a dhà de gach
seòrsa beathaich anns an àirc there were
two of every kind of animal in the ark
airchealladh, -aidh nm sacrilege
àird, -e, -ean nf direction, compass point,
airt
□
na h-àirdean the points of the com-
pass
□
an àirde an ear the east
□
an àirde
tuath the north
□
an àirde a deas the south
□
an àirde an iar the west
□
àird na
gaoithe wind direction
□
chan eil e gu dio-
far cò an àird om bi a’ ghaoth a’ sèideadh
it makes no difference from which direc-
tion the wind is blowing
□
cha robh
beachd aca dè an àird an robh an
dachaigh they had no idea in which direc-
tion their home was
□
ceud mìle anns gach
àird a hundred miles in every direction
□
nuair a thigeadh a’ ghaoth o àirde eadar
an ear-thuath ’s an ear-dheas … when the
wind came (i.e. used to come) from an airt
between north-east and south-east …
□
note also: cuir àird air take steps towards,
set about
□
chuir i àird air biadh a
dheasachadh she set about preparing food
□
for more information about points of the
compass see App. 9
□
note also that àird
is often used as an abbr form of àirde nf –
see following
dè an àirde a tha anns a’ bhalla sin?
how high is that wall?
□
tha e seachd
troighean an àirde / a dh’àirde it’s
seven feet in height
□
also followed by
de or its derivatives
□
bha am balla
seachd troigh de dh’àirde / a dh’àirde
the wall was seven feet high…
□
’s tha
troigh de dh’àirde / a dh’àirde ann …
and it’s a foot high (lit. and there’s a
foot of height in it)
□
note also: mu
chòig troighean is deich òirlich a
dh’àirde about five feet [and] ten
inches in height
□
thig gu àirde come
to a head
□
thàinig cùisean gu àirde
matters came to a head
□
bha e aig
àird(e) a threise / a neirt he was in his
heyday
□
nuair a bha na Ceiltich aig
àirde an neirt when the Celts were in
their heyday
□
nuair a bha an dannsa
aig àirde when the dance was at its
height
□
bha a’ ghrian na h-àirde the
sun was at its meridian
□
aig àird a’
mheadhan-latha at high noon
□
an
àirde an latha in broad daylight
an àird(e) adv up (motion to, but note
that the e is frequently omitted)
□
bha
builgeanan a’ tighinn an àirde tron
uisge bubbles were coming up through
the water
□
tharraing e coilear a chòta
an àirde mu a chluasan he drew up the
collar of his coat around his ears
□
thilg e a làmhan an àirde san adhar he
threw his hands up in the air
□
cuir an
àird(e) set up, mount (a picture, statue
etc.)
□
suidh an àirde! sit up!
□
chuir
an riaghaltas an àirde sgoiltean the
government put up schools
□
sheas e
an àirde he stood up
□
leum a dhà dhi-
ubh an àirde two of them jumped up
□
chaidh e an àird an staidhre he went
upstairs
□
but note also: tha an uair an
àirde the time is up
□
dèan an àird
make up, concoct
□
dèan an àird
cungaidh dispense (medicine)
àirde-mara nf sea level
23 àirdead
àirde comp form of àrd as in as àirde /
nas àirde upmost, upper, utmost
□
see
àrd
àirde nf
□
often shortened to àird
before vowels
□
altitude, climax,
degree, (state of) elevation, eminence,
height, highness, loftiness, meridian
(met.), pitch (mus.), stature, tallness
àirde is used in a number of common
phrases
□
àirde fuaim pitch (sound)
□
àirde sgòthan cloud level
□
àirde os
cionn fairge altitude, height above sea-
level
□
àirde na mara sea level
□
àirde
sgòthan cloud level
□
dhìrich an
t-itealan gu àirde 3000 troigh the plane
climbed to a height of 3000 ft
□
tha e
glè fhuar aig àirde mhòir it’s very cold
at high altitude
□
àirde an làin water-
mark
□
àirde an uisge water-level
□
loidhne àirde contour
□
dè an àirde
a th’ann? how high / tall is he / it?
□
àirdeach a directional
□
bha iad a’
dèanamh feum de dh’aer-ghath àirdeach
they were using a directional aerial
àirdead, -eid nm degree of highness, great-
ness
□
tha na beanntan a dhà àirdead ris
na beanntan ann an Alba the mountains
are twice as high as the mountains in
Scotland
aire nf attention, heed, intention, obser-
vation, regard, thought
Basic examples: chan eil cron sam bith
air m’aire I intend / mean no harm
□
cha chreid mi gun robh cron cho mòr
sin air (a) aire I don’t believe that he
intended so much harm as that (for the
omission of ri see cho)
□
bha aire
uairean air an leabhar aige agus
uairean eile air an doras his attention
was sometimes on his book and at
other times on the door
□
cia mheud
dhiubh nach tàinig fo ar n-aire uair air
choreigin? how many of them have not
come to our attention at some time or
other? (lit. under our attention)
□
’n
aire! / ’n aire ort fhéin! look out! /
watch yourself! etc.
□
see thoir (an)
aire (do) below
aire is often used with verbs of catch-
ing, keeping etc.
□
cha do ghlèidh
an leabhar seo m’aire-sa this book
did not hold / keep my attention
□
dè
a’ bhàrdachd bu mhotha a ghlac
d’aire? which poetry most caught your
attention?
aire, thoir (an) aire (do) attend (to),
beware (of), detect, give / pay attention
(to), heed, listen (to), mind, notice,
observe, pay heed (to), regard, take care
□
thoir an aire dhut fhèin watch your-
self
□
note that, in Uist, the fut tense is
used in this idiom: bheir an aire dhuit
fhèin
□
in other areas this might be:
bheir an aire ort fhein
□
thoir an aire!
take care! / look out etc.
□
nach toir
thu an aire! watch where you’re going!
□
thug e aire shònraichte do na
nithean sin he gave special attention to
those things / he particularly noticed
those things etc.
□
nuair a thug iad an
aire dha …when they noticed him…
□
thug i an aire do ghobhar le a meann
she noticed a goat with her kid
□
’s
e a’ chiad nì a bheir sinn an aire dha
gu bheil … the first thing we notice is
that … is …
□
toirt aire mhath obser-
vant
□
ma bhitheas sinn a’ toirt aire
mhath if we are observant
□
but note
also: an robh e a’smaoineachadh nach
b’aithne dhi an aire a toirt oirre fhèin?
did he think that she didn’t know how
to look after herself?
□
bidh tuilleadh
aire ga thoirt anns an ath chaibidil do
na cùisean sin more attention will be
given in the next chapter to these
matters
□
thugadh an aire do na frea-
gairtean a fhuaras do ar ceistean …
account has been taken of the
responses received to our questions …
□
and also: tha sinn a’ toirt gu ur
n-aire an raitheachain ùir seo we
bring to your attention this new maga-
zine
□
feumaidh iad an aire a thoirt gu
dè a bhios iad a’ dèanamh they must
watch what they are doing
aire is used with tarraing in two ways:
1. tarraing aire o distract from
□
cha
do leig e le rud sam bith (a) aire a
tharraing o (a) obair he allowed noth-
ing to distract him from his work
□
but note also: feuch nach dèan thu
dad a thogas (a) aire bhon obair
aige see that you do nothing to distract
him from his work (lit. that will lift
his attention from etc.) 2. tarraing
aire ⫹ various preps
□
chaidh aige
a dhol a-steach don taigh gun cus aire
a tharraing air fhèin he managed to
enter the house without drawing too
much attention to himself (lit. upon
himself)
□
chaidh aire an t-saoghail
a tharraing a dh’ionnsaigh an cor
the attention of the world was drawn
to their plight
□
tharraing e an aire
do neul mòr ceòtha he drew their atten-
tion to a great cloud of smoke
□
bha
rudeigin a’tarraing m’aire thuige some-
thing was drawing my attention to it
aire, cuir an aire suggest
□
am faod mi
rudeigin a chur nad aire? may I sug-
gest something (to you)?
àireach 24
àireach, -ich, -ich nm cattleman, cowman
□
thàinig an tuathanach agus an t-àireach
a-steach the farmer and the cattleman
entered
aireachail, -e a attentive, watchful, observant
aireil, -e a observant
àireamh, -eimh, -an nf & vn of
àireamh counting etc., computation,
enumeration, number, sum, tally
□
còd
àireamh number code
□
àireamh a
h-aon number one
□
gun àireamh num-
berless, countless
□
tro bhliadhnachan
gun àireamh through countless years
□
thar àireamh beyond number, astro-
nomical (fig.)
□
cuir an àireamh list
□
cuir an àireamh nan naomh canonize
□
cur an àireamh nan naomh canon-
ization
□
dèan àireamh compute,
count
□
ruig an aon àireamh equalize
(in sport)
□
ach a-nis tha àireamh
cheudan againn but now we have
(some) hundreds
□
àireamh mhòr a
great number
□
airson àireamh bhli-
adhnachan for a number of years
□
cha mhòr an àireamh the number is
not large / it is not a great / large num-
ber
□
bha e air ceann àireimh mhòir de
na daoine (a) bu trèine he was at the
head of a number of the bravest men
□
tha iad ag ràdh gun èireadh an
àireamh de luchd-coimhid they say
that the number of viewers would rise
□
tha iad a’feuchainn ri rian a chumail
air àireamh nan gèadh they are trying
to control the number(s) of geese
The following are mathematical terms:
àireamh àrdail cardinal number
□
àireamh òrdail ordinal number
□
àireamh chothromach even number
□
àireamh mhionaideach exact num-
ber
□
àireamh chòrr odd number
□
prìomh àireamh prime number
□
àireamh cheàrnagach square number
□
àireamh shlàn whole number
□
loidhne àireimh number line
□
ruith
nan àireamhan number sequence
□
ceàrnag àireamhan number square
□
srianag àireamhan number strip
□
àireamhan measgaichte mixed num-
bers
□
àireamh às a’cheud/àireamh sa
cheud percentage
The following are grammatical terms:
an àireamh dhùbailte dual
□
an
àireamh shingilte singular
□
an
àireamh iomarra plural
àireamh, àireamh v count
□
shortened
in the Future Tenses thus: àirmhidh
fut, àirmheas rel fut and in the imperf
/ cond tense thus: àirmhinn and àirm-
headh
□
… is cò a dh’àirmheadh iad?
… and who would count them?
àireamh-bhòtaidh nf (electoral) turn-
out à.-oileanaichte a numerate à.-
riaghailteach nf quorum à.-sluaigh nf
population (no. of people)
□
tha
àireamh-sluaigh a’ bhaile mun cuairt
air 23,000 the population of the town
is round about 23,000
àireamhach a numerical
□
buadhair
àireamhach numerical adjective
□
ain-
mear àireamhach numerical noun
àireamhachadh, -aidh nm & vn of
àireamhaich enumerating etc., calcula-
tion, numeration, enumeration
àireamhachd nf arithmetic, number system
àireamhaich, -achadh v enumerate,
quantify
àireamhaiche, -ean nm numerator
àireamhail, -e a numerical, statistical
àireamhair, -ean nm calculator (machine)
aireobach a aerobic
□
seòl aireobach aero-
bic system
airgead, airgid nm money, cash, currency,
silver, lucre
□
airgead niceal nickel silver
□
airgead sgaraidh alimony
□
airgead
ullamh ready money, loose change
□
airgead briste / airgead pronn loose
change
□
airgead tioram cash, hard cash
□
airgead pòcaid pocket money
□
bha an
cosnadh agus an t-airgead fìor ghann
employment and money were really scarce
□
cuir airgead air (each) back, put money
on (a horse)
□
faigh airgead air encash
□
cuir airgead sa mhargaid speculate
□
cha
robh a leòr airgid aige he didn’t have
enough money i.e. to satisfy him – cf. the
following
□
tha airgead gu leòr agam
I have plenty of money / enough money
(to do / buy something)
□
suim airgid
remittance
airgead-beò nm mercury, quicksilver
a.-pòcaid nm pocket money a.-puinnd
nm poundage a.-seilbh nm investment
a.-tasgaidh nm investment a.-urrais nm
insurance
□
bha e air a chur fo airgead-
urrais airson a luach it was insured for its
value
□
airgead-urrais beatha life insur-
ance
□
airgead-urrais càir car insurance
□
buidheann an airgid-urrais insurance
company
airgeadach, -aiche a 1. moneyed, well-off,
pecuniary 2. lucrative
□
bha an obair seo
glè airgeadach this work was very lucra-
tive 3. silver(y)
□
braiste airgeadach a
silver brooch
airgeadachadh, -aidh nm & vn of
airgeadaich silvering etc.
airgeadaich, -achadh v silver, plate (with
silver), silver-plate
airgeadaichte pp silver-plated, silvered
airgeadas, -ais nm finance
□
same as
maoineachas, but less common
airgid a silver(y)
□
dealbh ann an cèis air-
gid a picture in a silver frame
àiridh, -e, -ean nf
□
see àirigh
25 àiridh
airidh, -e a meritorious, worth, worthy
□
airidh air worth, worthy of
□
airidh air
farmad enviable
□
bi airidh air deserve
□
mheasadh fichead dhiubh sin airidh air
foillseachadh twenty of those were con-
sidered worth publishing
□
chan airidh mi
air mo shùilean a thogail na làthair I am
not worthy to raise my eyes in his presence
□
… co-dhiù b’airidh iad air gus nach
b’airidh … whether they deserved it or not
(see gu / gus)
airidh nf indec desert, merit, worth
□
is
math an airidh it is well deserved, it serves
(somebody) right
□
thuirt iad rithe gum bu
mhath an airidh they said to her that it was
well deserved / it served her right
□
is olc
an airidh it is a pity
□
thuirt iad gum b’olc
an airidh nach d’fhuair e an duais they
said that it was a pity that he hadn’t got the
prize
airidheachd nf worthiness
□
… mar neach
aig nach eil airidheachd like a man who
has no worthiness
àirigh, -e, -ean nf sheiling (summer resi-
dence for herdsmen)
àirleas, -eis nm arles, earnest, advance (of
money)
□
bha clann-nighean an sgadain
a’ faighinn còig tastan de dh’àirleas the
herring girls received arles of five shillings
(lit. five shillings of arles)
àirleiseachadh, -aidh nm & vn of
àirleisich booking etc.
àirleisich, -eachadh v book, engage, put
a deposit on
□
bu toigh leam suidheachan
àirleiseachadh I would like to book a seat
airm pl of arm arms, weapons
airm a army, belonging to / of the army
□
oifigich airm army officers
airm-cheard nm armourer a.-theine n pl
fire-arms
àirmheachail, -e a quantitative
àirmheachadh
□
see àireamhachadh
àirmhich, -eachadh v
□
see àireamhaich
□
àirmhichear a h-uile rud everything is
quantified
àirne nf 1. sloe
□
also àirneag 2. (for
àirnean) pl of àra kidney
□
adha ’s àirne
offal (of animal)
àirneach a renal
àirneag, -eige, -an nf
□
same as àirne sloe
□
bha na sùilean aice cho dubh ris na
h-àirneagan her eyes were as black as
[the] sloes
àirneis, -e nf furniture, gear, moveables
□
seann àirneis lumber
□
cuir àirneis ann
furnish
□
gun àirneis unfurnished
□
àirneis taighe (house) furniture
àirneiseachadh, -aidh nm & vn of
àirneisich replenishing
àirneisich, -eachadh v replenish
airsan emph form of air (q.v.)
airsneag, -eige nf arsenic
airsneal, -eil nm
□
see airtneal
airidh 26
airson prep ⫹ gen for, for the sake of,
on behalf of
□
composed of the prep
air ⫹ son (q.v.)
□
note that the pronun-
ciation reflects this derivation, and the
stress is on the second syllable – cf.
carson
airson is often used with expressions of
time
□
airson greis for a while
□
bha e
air falbh airson latha agus bliadhna he
was gone for a year and a day
□
chan
fhaca mi e airson dà latha eile I didn’t
see him for two more days
airson (⫹ gen where approp.) because
of, on account of etc.
□
tapadh leat air-
son do chaoibhneis thank you for your
kindness
□
tha mi fada nad chomain
airson do chuideachaidh I am much
obliged to you for your assistance
□
carson a tha thu a’ faighneachd? o,
chan eil airson càil why are you ask-
ing? oh, no reason (lit. it is not for any-
thing)
□
… a’ toirt taing dha airson na
rinn e as leth a dhùthcha … thanking
him for what he had done for his coun-
try
□
tha mi taingeil airson na tha thu
a’ dèanamh dhomh I am thankful for
what you are doing for me
□
often used
in the construction “too (something) to
be / do (something)
□
tha mi ro aost
airson a bhith nam shaighdear…I am
too old to be a soldier …
□
bha e ro
thrang airson cus dragh a bhith aige
mu a dheidhinn he was too busy to be
bothered too much about it
□
bha iad
ro lag eadhon airson èirigh they were
too weak even to rise
airson… dheth as for …
□
airson sin
dheth as a matter of fact / in fact / for
that matter
□
cha do phòs e a-riamh
airson sin dheth he never married as a
matter of fact etc.
□
airson am bogsa
dheth … as for the box …
Before a vn airson may have the mean-
ing ‘like to / want to’
□
… ach nam
biodh sibh airson tiodhlac a thoirt don
mhaoin seo … but if you’d like to make
a donation to this fund … (lit. give
a gift)
□
cha robh e ach airson faigh-
inn cuidhteas iad he only wanted to get
rid of them
□
am biodh sibh airson a
dhol a-mach? would you like to go
out?
□
otherwise it may have the mean-
ing ‘to / in order to’
□
shìn e a-mach
a làmh airson grèim fhaighinn air
he stretched out his hand to get a hold
of it masc
□
an do rinn sinn àicheadh
air ar toil fhèin airson a thoil-san a
dhèanamh? did we deny our own will
in order to do His will?
airson is often combined with gu or
nach to make a conj
□
airson gu so
that
□
airson gum bitheadh e furasta a
ghlanadh … so that it would be easy to
clean …
□
airson gu… because … air-
son nach… because … not …
Note also: airson Sheumais… as for
James …
ais-amharc nm retrospection a.-ghairm nf
abrogation, repeal a.-ghoir v abrogate
a.-tharraing nf retraction, withdrawal
aisead, -eid nf & vn of aiseid delivering (a
child), delivery (of a child)
aiseag, -eig, -an nm & vn of aisig ferrying
etc., crossing (of sea), ferry
□
thar an
aiseig over the ferry
□
le rathaidean matha
agus aiseagan goireasach with good roads
and convenient ferries
□
aiseag teas heat
transfer
aiseal, -eil / aisle, aislean nf axle
aiseal, -eil, aislean nf (nm in some places)
□
same as asal
aisean, aisne, aisnean nf rib
□
eadar dà
aisne between two ribs
aiseid, aisead v deliver (a child)
□
in the
passive with air it means to be delivered
of (a child)
□
dh’aiseideadh i air balach
fallain she was delivered of a healthy boy
(also asaidich)
aiseid, -ean nf ashet
aiseirigh nf resurrection
Àsianach, -aich, -aich nm Asian
Àsianach a Asian
aisig, aiseag v ferry, restore
□
chaidh an
aiseag o àite gu àite they were ferried
from place to place
□
dh’aisig iad e gu
slàinte they restored him to health
□
aisig
air ais refund, restore
aisigeach a transitive (gram.)
aisir, aisre, aisrean nf passage, pass, path,
defile
aisith, -e nf wrangling, strife, quarrelling
□
… a bhàrr air an aisith a bha aig an
taigh …in addition to the wrangling there
was at home
aisling, -e, -ean nf dream, vision
□
faic ais-
ling v dream, have a dream / vision
□
mar
fhear a bha air dùsgadh à droch aisling
like a man who has awakened from a bad
dream
□
bha iad a’guidhe aislingean sona
dhi they were wishing her happy dreams
□
mar gum biodh [ann] an aisling chuala e
guth ag èigheach ris as if (it were) in a
dream he heard a voice crying to him
□
…
le aislingean buaireasach …with disturb-
ing dreams
aislingiche, -ean nm dreamer
aisneis, -e, -ean nf 1. account, narration
2. predicate (gram.)
aisneiseach a predicative (gram.)
aispeist nm asbestos
aisridh, -ean nf (uncommon) path
□
bha
m’inntinn air an aisridh dhuirch a bha
romham my mind was on the dark path
that lay before me
27 aisridh
airteagal / airtigeal nm
□
see artaigil
airtneal, -eil nm depression (of spirits),
dumps, ennui, lassitude, heaviness (of
spirits)
□
bha mi air mo lìonadh le airtneal
nuair a chunnaic mi dè thachair I was
filled with depression when I saw what
had happened
□
bhitheadh airtneal gun
chomas gam lìonadh a powerless depres-
sion would fill me
airtnealach, -aiche a heavy (of spirits etc.)
airtneul
□
see airtneal
ais, air ais adv ago, back, fro
□
air ais is air
adhart to and fro, back and forth
□
bha na
balaich a’ leum air ais is air adhart thar
shrutha the boys were jumping to and fro
over a stream
□
fad air ais backward tha
iad ag ràdh gu bheil sinn fad air ais they
say that we are backward
ais, air ais is used with many verbs to form
the equivalent of English verbs beginning
with ‘re-’
□
cuir air ais inhibit, remand,
remit, repeal
□
cha do chuir seo air ais e
this did not inhibit him
□
cuiridh mi an
t-airgead air ais air ball I shall remit the
money at once
□
chaidh an lagh a chur air
ais the law was repealed
□
cùm air ais
detain, withhold
□
faigh air ais retrieve
□
rach air ais recede
□
tarraing air ais
retract
□
thoir air ais reclaim, restore,
withdraw
□
tilg air ais reflect, retort
□
sealltainn air ais retrospect
□
sùil air ais
retrospect
aiste prep pron formed from the prep à
(q.v.) from her / it fem
aiste, -ean nf composition, essay
□
aiste
dhealbhach descriptive essay
aiste-beòil nf oral composition a.-
mholaidh nf eulogy
aistear, -eir, -an nm essayist
aistreach a transitive (gram.)
ait, -e a 1. blithe, cheerful, cheery, droll,
funny, gay, joyful
□
gu h-ait gaily, joyfully
etc.
□
bhruidhinn e gu h-ait he spoke
cheerfully 2. funny, odd, peculiar, strange
□
’s e duine caran ait a bh’ann he was
rather an odd fellow
h-àite ‘they put the new window in
(its) place’ or ‘they replaced it with the
new window’
àite, an àite sin adv instead
□
an àite
sin chaidh mi sìos don chala instead
(of that / of which) I went down to the
harbour
àite, an àite prep ⫹ vn instead of (doing
something), rather than (doing some-
thing)
□
chaidh e a-mach don bhùth-
obrach an àite a bhith na shuidhe anns
an taigh he went out to the workshop
rather than be sitting in the house
□
an
àite an aghaidh a chur gu tuath instead
of (them) going north
àite may be used with ordinal adjectives
to form ordinal adverbs / adverbial
phrases
□
anns a’ chiad àite first, first
of all, firstly, in the first instance
□
anns an dara h-àite secondly
□
anns
an t-seachdamh àite seventhly
□
for
examples of the other ordinal adverbs
see under the appropriate ordinal
adjective
Further examples: … ann an àitean cho
fada bho chèile ri A is B. … in places
as far apart as A and B.
□
cha bhuin e
don àite seo idir he does not belong to
this place / he does not belong here at
all
□
tha ceithir cheud troigh de
dhoimhne (ann) an àitean dheth it is
four hundred feet deep in places (lit.
there are 400 feet of depth in places of
it)
□
for the len of ceud after ceithir
see ceud / ceithir
□
ainmean
nan àiteachan the place names
□
dh’fhuadaicheadh iad airson àite a
dhèanamh do na caoraich they were
driven out to make room for the sheep
□
cha robh an t-àite ach gann space
was scarce (lit. the space was not but
scarce
□
an emphatic way of express-
ing this – cf. the use of ‘just / simply’
in English: it was just beautiful, it’s
simply gorgeous)
□
… far am bitheadh
am blàr a’ gabhail àite… where the
battle would be taking place
□
bha iad
air an cumail nan àite leis a’ phoileas
they were kept in their place by the
police
□
tha àite aig gach aon ann
there’s a place for everyone in it / there
□
an t-àite a tha aig Alba anns an
‘Nàisean Eòrpach’ the place Scotland
occupies in the ‘European Nation’
□
chuala mi mun chaileig òig a bha a’
siubhal àite I heard about the young
aiste 28
àite, -can / -cachan nm instance, lieu,
locality, location, place, position, post
(position), room (space), scope, situa-
tion, space, spot, stead
àite is often used to form pron & adv
phrases
□
àite sam bith anywhere
□
an
àite sam bith (with preceding neg)
nowhere
□
don àite sin thither
□
san
àite where rel pron
□
anns an àite sin /
san àite sin in that place, there
àite, an àite prep ⫹ gen for, instead
(of), in place (of), in lieu (of) rather
than
□
fear a thig an àite …successor
to …
□
am fear a thàinig nam àite my
successor
□
dhà an àite aon two for
one
□
an àite sneachd bha clachan-
meallain ann instead of snow there
was hail
àite is also frequently used with verbs
and preps
□
cuir à àite dislocate, dis-
lodge, displace, supersede, supplant,
unseat
□
cur à àite dislocation, dis-
lodgment
□
cuir na àite locate, put in
(its) place cuir an àite (⫹ gen) replace
(i.e. to put in place of), substitute
□
rach an àite (⫹ gen) replace (i.e. go in
place of ), supply
As with all compound preps containing
an (⫽ ann), a prep pron of ann is used
where a pers pron is used in English
□
chaidh e don choinneimh na h-àite
he went to the meeting instead of
her
□
bha am post ùr air a chur na àite
the new post was put in its place
which, as in English, may have two
meanings according to context: ‘the
new post was located’ or ‘the new post
replaced it’
□
similarly, with a fem
noun
□
chuir iad an uinneag ùr na
girl who was looking for a position
□
bha iad a’ gabhail an àite thoisich
they were taking up the vanguard
□
sheas iad an àite fhèin nan aghaidh
they stood up to them
□
nuair a bhith-
eas àite freagarrach againn when we
have suitable space
□
bha e an dòchas
gun rachadh a’ chànain dhùthchasach
aca an àite na Beurla he hoped that
their native language would replace
English
□
choisinn Caitrìona, agus
fhuair Ealasaid an dàrna àite
Catherine won and Elizabeth got sec-
ond place
□
ach chan e m’àite-sa a
bhith a’ bruidhinn riut mar seo but it’s
not my place to be talking to you like
this
□
an t-àite bu chòir a bhith aig a’
Mhòd the position the Mod ought to
have
àite may be used with many adjectives
or nouns of description to denote par-
ticular kinds of places
□
àite adhraidh
a place of worship
□
… togalach a nì
feum mar àite adhraidh…a building
which will serve as a place of worship
□
àite amhairc observatory, viewpoint
□
… far an robh àite amhairc nan eun
… where the bird observatory was
□
bho chaochladh àitean amhairc from
various viewpoints
□
àite breith birth-
place
□
o Bhetlehem, àite breith an t
Slànaigheir from Bethlehem, the
birthplace of the Saviour
□
àite cam-
pachaidh campsite
□
àite còmhnaidh
abode, habitation, dwelling place
□
àite cruinneachaidh / àite shaor-
làithean (holiday) resort
□
àite dìon
asylum, place of refuge
□
àite dol
a-mach exit
□
àite falaich hiding place
□
àite falamh vacancy
□
àite feuraich
pastureland
□
àite fuirich accommoda-
tion, quarters
□
bha aca ri àite fuirich
a phàigheadh iad fhèin they had to
pay for accommodation themselves
□
àite glaiste locker
□
àite margaidh
marketplace, mart
□
àite pàighidh
check out (till)
□
àite seasamh
footing
□
àite stada halt, stopping
place, stop (on a journey)
□
aig na
h-àiteachan stada at the stops
□
àite
suidhe seat
□
àite tàimh resting
place
□
àite tasgaidh depository
□
àite
tathaich haunt
àite-
□
these should be written without
the hyphen
□
see above
àiteach, -ich nm & vn of àitich cultivating
etc., cultivation, agriculture
□
air àiteach
under cultivation
□
fear àiteach nan crìoch
borderer
□
àiteach gluasadach shifting
cultivation (geog.)
àiteach-gàrraidh nm horticulture
àiteachadh, -aidh, -aidhean nm & vn of
àitich cultivating etc., plantation
àiteachail, -e a agricultural
àiteachas, -ais nm agriculture
□
Roinn an
Àiteachais Department of Agriculture
□
Tionndadh an Àiteachais Agrarian
Revolution
àiteachd nf agriculture
aiteal, -eil, -an nm 1. glimpse
□
fhuair mi
aiteal de bhoireannach beag bòidheach I
caught a glimpse of a small, pretty woman
□
thug e dhuinn aiteal den latha a bh’ann
he gave us a glimpse of the past / of for-
mer days 2. breeze
□
thàinig aiteal làidir
there came a strong breeze
aiteal, -eil nm juniper (also aiteann)
aiteam, -eim nm folks, people
□
bha e den
aiteam sin he was of that kind / sort
aiteamh, -eimh nm thaw
□
dèan aiteamh
thaw v
aiteann, -inn nm juniper
aiteas, -eis nm gaiety
àiteigin, an àiteigin adv somewhere
□
tha
mi cinnteach gu bheil e an àiteigin faisg
air a’ chraoibh seo I am certain that it is
somewhere near this tree
aitgheal, -il a bright, joyous
□
chluich sinn
cleas aitgheal orra we played a joyous
prank on them
aitheamh, -eimh, -an nf fathom
□
aitheamhan de ròpa làidir fathoms of
strong rope
□
bha dà aitheamh de
dhoimhne fon eathar there were two fath-
oms of depth under the boat
aitheasach, -aiche a
□
see athaiseach
aithghearr, -iorra nf shortcut
□
tha sinn
a’ gabhail aithghearr we are taking a
shortcut
aithghearr, -a / -ghiorra a abrupt, sudden,
summary, brief
□
sin cho aithghearr ’s a
bha e that’s how sudden / quick it was / it
was as sudden as that
□
gu h-aithghearr
dh’innis mi dha mar a thachair briefly I
told him what had happened (see mar and
thachair)
□
a dh’aithghearr anon, by and
by, presently, soon, shortly (generally with
reference to the future)
□
an aithghearr in
a short time, soon
□
bithidh iad an seo a
dh’aithghearr they’ll be here presently
aithghearrachd nf briefness, shortness, short
period of time
□
[ann] an aithghearrachd
29 aithghearrachd
in brief
□
an aithghearrachd, lorg sinn
dòigh air seo a dhèanamh in short, we
found a way of doing this
aithinne, -ean nm firebrand, brand
□
bha
aithinne aige na làimh he had a firebrand
in his hand
aithiseachadh, -aidh nm vituperation
aithisg, -e, -ean nf report, statement
(⫽ report)
□
chuir e thugam leth-bhreac
na h-aithisg he sent me a copy of the
report
□
aithisg eadarach an interim state-
ment / report
□
cha robh guth orra anns an
aithisg there was no mention of them in
the report
aithlis, -e nf disgrace, reproach
□
dèan aith-
lis air malign
àithn, àithne(adh) v order, command
□
“Cuairtichibh am bad,” dh’àithn e dhaibh
“Surround the spot,” he commanded them
□
chaidh àithne leis an riaghaltas gum
feumadh…the government commanded
that … must … (lit. it was ordered by etc.)
àithne, àitheantan nf & vn of àithn order-
ing etc., commandment (Bibl.), injunc-
tion, order, precept, rule
□
fhuair Maois na
h-àitheantan Moses received the com-
mandments
□
chaidh àithne a thoirt
dhomh gun bhuntainn ris na breacagan
I was ordered not to touch the cakes
□
…
nach tug ùmhlachd don àithne seo …who
did not heed / obey this injunction
□
fhuair
an lobhar àithne e fhèin a shealltainn don
t-sagart the leper was ordered to show
himself to the priest
abilities
□
bha mi diombach dheth
nach do leig e dad air mu na b’aithne
dha I was displeased with him because
he didn’t reveal anything about what
he knew
□
mar a b’fheàrr a b’aithne
dhuinn e as he was better known to us
□
a’ faicinn daoine as aithne dhomh is
nach aithne seeing people I know and
don’t know
tha aithne agam air I have knowledge
about (him / it)
□
… air nach eil mòran
aithne againn … about which / whom
we don’t have much knowledge / we
don’t know much
□
mar a b’fheàrr a
bha aithne air as he was better known
cuir an aithne introduce
□
cur an
aithne introduction
□
cuir an aithne
a-chèile sinn introduce us
□
… agus
gan cur an aithne na comhairle… and
introducing them to the council
is aithne dhomh ⫹ vn I know how to /
I can
□
chan aithne dha dràibheadh
ged is aithne do (a) phiuthair he doesn’t
know how to drive though his sister
does
□
an robh e a’ smaoineachadh
nach b’aithne dhi an aire a thoirt oirre
fhèin? did he think that she didn’t
know how to look after herself?
□
an
aithne dhut spèileadh? can you skate?
(lit. do you know how?)
□
duine nach
aithne dha a chlann a cheannsachadh
a man who does not know how to dis-
cipline his children 2. recognition
□
an
toirear aithne cheart do fheumannan
foghlaim na Gàidhlig? will proper
recognition be given to the educational
needs of Gaelic? / will the educational
needs of Gaelic be properly recognised?
aithinne 30
aithne nf 1. acquaintance, discernment,
ken, knowledge
□
is aithne dhomh
(rudeigin / cuideigin) I know (some-
thing / somone)
□
is aithne dhomh e
I know him
□
b’aithne dhomh duine
a bha … I knew a man who was …
□
tha an fheadhainn don aithne ag innse
… those who know say …
□
air a
chòmhdach le stuth air choreigin nach
b’aithne dhomhsa … covered by some
substance or other I didn’t know
□
deireadh an t-saoghail mar as aithne
dhuinn e the end of the world as we
know it
□
an aithne dhut ainm an àite
seo? do you know the name of this
place?
□
chan aithne dhutsa e you
don’t know him
□
’s aithne dhuinn uile
fir aig a bheil comasan sònraichte we
all know men who possess special
àithneach, -iche a imperative
□
[ann] am
modh àithneach in imperative mood
aithneachadh, -aidh nm & vn of aithnich
recognising etc. 1. identification, recogni-
tion
□
… a chum aithneachadh fhaotainn
… to gain recognition 2. an appreciable /
noticeable amount
□
… aig an robh aith-
neachadh de bhuaidh air mo bheatha who /
which had an appreciable effect / some
noticeable effect on my life 3. a slight
degree
□
aithneachadh de leathad a slight
incline
àithneadh, -eidh nm and alt vn of àithn
commanding etc.
□
see àithne
aithnich, -eachadh v 1. know, recognise
□
’s cinnteach gun aithnich thu e you must
know him
□
dh’aithnich mi e anns a’bhad
I recognised him on the spot / at once
□
nach do dh’aithnich thu iad air an
trusgan? didn’t you recognise them by
their clothing?
□
dh’aithnichte(adh) iad
air an adaichean they could be recognised
by their hats
□
cha do leig e air gun do
dh’aithnich e mi he didn’t show that he
recognised me…
□
rudan nach deach aige
air an aithneachadh things which he
couldn’t recognise (lit. which did not go at
him on their recognising – see rach agad
air)
□
mar as fheàrr a dh’aithnichear e as
he is best known
□
note the use of the fut
tense and the imperf / cond tense in the
following examples: chan aithnich mi
mòran dhaoine an seo I don’t know many
people here
□
an aithnicheadh tu e? did
you know him?
□
chan aithnichinn i I
didn’t know her 2. discern, perceive, tell
(i.e. perceive etc.)
□
dh’aithnich e air a
h-aghaidh gun robh seo a’ còrdadh rithe
he knew by her face that this pleased her
□
cha do dh’aithnich e air a guth gun robh
dad ceàrr he did not perceive by her voice
that anything was wrong
□
tha mi ag aith-
neachadh air do ghuth gu bheil… I can
tell by your voice that…
□
nam b’urrainn
dhomh aon fhailinn aithneachadh air b’i
gun robh e … if I could discern one failing
in him it was that he was…
□
dh’aithnich
e dè an tac a bha i a’ dol a ghabhail he
perceived what tack she was going to take
□
dh’aithnicheadh duine gun robh e
beartach one could tell that he was rich
□
dh’aithnicheadh lethchiallach sam bith
othaisg o reithe any halfwit could tell a
ewe from a ram
□
Bha e a’ feuchainn ri
taing a thoirt dhomh. Dh’aithnich mi sin
He was trying to thank me. I knew that.
aithnichte pp known, familiar, manifest,
evident
□
cha robh dòigh air an uireasb-
haidh a dhèanamh aithnichte there was
no way to make their want known
□
bha
sin glè aithnichte that was very obvious /
evident
□
dh’fhairich mi gun robh mi air
talamh aithnichte I felt I was on familiar
ground
àithnteil, -e a mandatory
aithreach, -iche a penitent, sorry, regretful
(rather old-fashioned and less commonly
used than aithreachas)
□
used with
assertive verb is and the prep do with the
sense ‘be a cause of regret to’
□
cha
b’aithreach leinn riamh gun do dh’fhàg
sinn an t-àite sin it has never been a cause
of regret to us that we left that place
aithreachail, -e a contrite, penitent,
repentant
aithreachas, -ais nm penitence, regret,
repentance
□
gabh / dèan aithreachas
regret, repent, rue
□
bha aithreachas air
he was filled with regret / he was regretful
□
is ann orm a tha an t-aithreachas nach
do phòs mi i it’s my regret that I didn’t
marry her
□
… is e na shuidhe air stòl an
aithreachais [and he] sitting on the stool
of repentance / as he sat etc.
□
… a bheir
ort aithreachas a ghabhail … which will
cause you to repent
aithrichean
□
same as athraichean
□
see
athair
aithridh, -e nf penance
aithris, aithris v communicate, enunciate,
echo, narrate, predicate, quote, relate,
repeat, recite
□
aithrisidh iad an uair sin
an rann a leanas they will then recite the
following verse
□
tha e air aithris air
Dòmhnall nach robh eagal aige ro dhuine
sam bith it is related of Donald that he was
afraid of no one
aithris, -e nf & vn of aithris communicat-
ing etc., enunciation, imitation, narration,
recitation, recital, relation (telling), report
□
a-rèir aithris according to (oral)
tradition
aithris-sgoile nf school report
aithriseach, -iche a documentary, imita-
tive, narrative
□
prògram aithriseach na
dhà earrann a two-part documentary
aithrisiche, -ean nm reciter
àitich, àiteach / -eachadh v cultivate,
delve, inhabit, settle, till
□
ag àiteachadh
na tìre cultivating the land
□
tha an gleann
air àiteachadh bho a bhun gu a bhràighe
the glen is cultivated / inhabited from top
to bottom
àitich a arable
□
talamh àitich arable land
aitidh, e a damp
□
bha an taigh fuar aitidh
the house was cold and damp
aitreabh, -eibh, -an nm/f building, edifice,
premises
□
chì thu na h-aitreabhan aig
bun an deilbh you will see the buildings at
the bottom of the picture
àl, àil, àil nm brood, generation, offspring,
young (sometimes àl òg young), litter (of
young)
□
tha inntinn na circe uile air leas
agus sonas a h-àil the hen’s whole mind is
on the benefit and happiness of her brood /
offspring etc.
□
tha trì àil aca anns a’
bhliadhna they have three litters per year
□
leigidh a’ chuthag le eòin eile a h-àl
31 àl