Colin Mark. The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Гэльско-английский словарь

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gradag, -aig nf hurry, haste, quickness

□

(ann) an gradaig dhùin e an doras quickly

he closed the door

gradain, gradanadh v parch grain before

grinding it

gradanadh, -aidh nm & vn of gradain

parching grain before grinding it

gràdh, gràidh nm 1. attachment, charity,

fondness, love

□

gràdh dùthcha patriotism

□

gun ghràdh dùthcha unpatriotic

□

tha

gràdh agam ort I love you

□

bha gràdh

aige air a bhean agus bha gràdh aice air-

san he loved his wife and she loved him

□

note that in this particular example the

correct dat form of bean is not used

□

some areas the dat case has all but disap-

peared

□

note also: mo ghaol ort I love

you

□

gràdh mì-shuidhichte misplaced

love 2. object of love

□

a ghràidh dear /

love / my dear / my love

□

note that ‘my’

is not used here in the Gaelic

□

a ghràidh

nan nighean dearest girl

□

note also that

gràdh is less intimate than gaol (q.v.)

gràdh-daonna nm philanthropy g.-dùthcha

nm patriotism

gràdhach, -aiche a beloved, darling, dear,

loving

□

sheall i gu gràdhach oirre she

looked lovingly at her

□

bha iad glè

ghràdhach air a chèile they loved each

other very much

□

dh’fhàs e na bu

ghràdhaiche oirre he fell more in love

with her

gràdhachadh, -aidh nm & vn of gràdhaich

loving

gràdhaich, -achadh v love

gràdhaichte pp beloved

graf, -a, -aichean nm graph

□

graf loidhne

dhìreach straight line graph

□

air an cur

sìos ann an grafaichean set out in graphs

g. bann bar graph g. bloc block graph

g. cearcaill pie-chart, pie graph g. sgaoilte

scatter graph g. spìceach spike graph

grafail a graphical

gràg, -àig, -an nm croak

gràgail nf croaking

□

dèan gràgail croak v

graide nf promptness, quickness, rapidity

gràidh a dear a charaid gràidh! dear friend!

graiﬁt nm graphite

grailleag, -eige, -an dunlin (also

g.-feadaig nm)

gràin, -e nf abhorrence, aversion, detesta-

tion, disgust, hate, loathing

□

tha gràin

agam air I abhor him / it masc

□

cuir gràin

air cloy, disgust

□

gabh gràin airloathe

□

bha gràin aige orm he abhorred / hated

□

bha seo a’cur gràin orra this disgusted

them

□

ghabh muinntir an àite gràin orra

the people of the place became disgusted

with them

gràine, -ean nf grain (indiv.), particle

□

gràine siùcair a grain of sugar

□

cha

robh gràine na f ìrinne na fhaclan there

wasn’t a grain of truth in his words (also

gràinean)

gràineach, -iche a granulous

gràineachadh, -aidh nm granulation

gràineag, -eige nf 1. hedgehog 2. granule

gràinealachd nf vileness

gràinean, -ein, -an nm grain (indiv.), gran-

ule, particle, pellet, pinch (small quantity)

□

gràinean salainn a grain of salt

□

gràinean siùcair a grain of sugar

□

gràineanan mèinnireach mineral fragments

gràineanach, -aiche a grainy

gràineil, -e a abhorrent, abominable,

detestable, disgusting, foul, heinous,

hideous, loathsome, odious, vile

□

thuirt

iad gun robh an dol-a-mach seo gràineil

leotha they said that they considered this

conduct abhorrent

gràinich, -eachadh v detest, disgust, hate

□

thuirt e gun do ghràinich sin e he said that

that disgusted him

□

bidh cuid air an

gràineachadh some will be disgusted

gràinn—

□

if not shown below, see gràin—

gràinnseach, -ich, -ichean nf grange,

granary

grainnseag, -eige, -an nf red bear-berry

gràisg nf crowd, mob, rabble

□

ceannard

gràisge demagogue

gràisgealachd nf vulgarity

gràisgeil, -e a vulgar

gram nm gramme

grama-chasach, -aiche a sure-footed

□

chan eil beathach ann a tha nas grama-

chasaiche na an gobhar there is not

a more sure-footed animal than the goat

gramafon, -oin, -an nm gramophone

gramail, -e a resolute, sturdy

□

tha iad de

na daoine as gramaile a tha anns an

armailt they are among the sturdiest men

[who are in] the army

□

chumadh e a’ dol

gu gramail he would resolutely keep on

going

gràmar, -air nm grammar

□

also gràmair nm

gràmarach a grammatical

gràn, -ain nm grain coll

□

gràn gu bleith

grist

gràn-bhàrr nm cereal crops g.-chist nf

granary g.-eiginn nm pilewort g.-ubhal

nm pomegranate

grànnda, gràinnde a ugly

□

tìr as gràinnde

na gin as aithne dhomh a land which is

uglier than any I know

gradag 342

grànndachd nf ugliness

gràpa, -achan nm graip, garden fork

gràs, -àis, -an nm grace (relig. / classical)

□

gun ghràs graceless

□

siud mise mur

b’e gràs Dhè there, but for the grace of

God, go I

gràsmhor, -oire a gracious

□

thachair duine

gràsmhor riutha they met a gracious man

gràsmhorachd nf graciousness

gràsta a same as gràsmhor

grathann, -ainn, -ean nm while, short time

□

’s e a’ deanamh dàil grathann (and he)

delaying a while

gread, -adh v drub, whip, scorch

greadadh, -aidh nm & vn of gread

scorching etc.

greadh, -adh v beat, thrash, winnow

□

thòisich i air mo greadhadh mu na guail-

nean leis a’ bhata she began to beat me

about the shoulders with the stick

greadhadh, -aidh nm & vn of greadh

beating

greadhnach, -aiche a 1. gorgeous, magnif-

icent, showy, splendid

□

… anns a’ bhaile

ghreadhnach sin… in that magniﬁcent

town

□

seo agaibh leabhar greadhnach

here you have a splendid book 2. cheerful,

joyful, merry

□

faodaidh tu fhaicinn cho

greadhnach ’s a tha e a-nis you can see

how cheerful he is now

greadhnachas, -ais nm 1. magniﬁcence,

pomp, splendour

□

maise agus

greadhnachas beauty and magniﬁcence

2. conviviality, merriment

□

nach ann an

seo a tha an greadhnachas! what merri-

ment there is here! (lit. isn’t it here that

there is the merriment?)

□

aig amannan

àraid greadhnachais at certain times of

merry-making

greallach, -aich nf entrails (usually of

animals)

greann, grinn nm frown, scowl

□

thàinig

i a-steach is greann oirre she came in

wearing a frown / with a frown on her face

(lit. and a frown on her)

□

cuir greann air

irritate

greannach, -aiche a crabbed, gloomy,

morose, bad-tempered

□

dh’fhàs e grean-

nach he became morose

□

air feasgar gre-

annach geamhraidh on a gloomy winter’s

evening

greannar a same as greannmhor

greannmhor, -oire a 1. amusing, humor-

ous, witty 2. lively, active

greannmhorachd nf amusement

greas, greasad / greasadh / greasachd /

greastainn / greasachdainn v accelerate,

drive, goad, hasten, hurry (up), get a move

on, impel, make haste, quicken, speed,

spur

□

usually followed by some form of

air

□

greas ort! hurry up!

□

greasaibh

oirbh! hurry up! (pl. or polite)

□

feumaidh

mi greasad orm I must get a move on

□

ghreas e air gan tèarnadh he hastened to

evade them

□

bu chòir dhaibh greasad

orra they ought to hurry

□

bàsaichidh mi

leis an acras mura greas iad orra leis a’

bhiadh! I’ll die of hunger if they don’t

hurry up with the food!

□

ghreas e

a cheum he quickened his step

greasad nm & vn of greas hurrying etc.,

acceleration

□

cuiridh an naidheachd seo

greasad ris a’ ghnothach this news will

hasten / accelerate the matter

greastainn uncommon alt vn of greas

□

bha i a’ greastainn oirre she was hurrying

grèata, -an nm grate

greideal, -eil, -an nf griddle, girdle,

gridiron

□

bha bonnach a’ losgadh air

a’ ghreideil there was a bannock burning

on the griddle

grèidh, -eadh v 1. whip, lash, thrash

□

droch ghrèidh maltreat 2. cure, dry,

preserve (dom.), season, toast

□

bha a

chraiceann a cheana grèidhte leis

a’ ghrèin his skin was already toasted by

the sun

grèidheadh, -idh nm & vn of grèidh whip-

ping etc., treatment, whipping, lashing

□

droch ghrèidheadh ill-treatment

□

thuirt

e gun robh e air droch ghrèidheadh

fhaighinn he said that he had received ill

treatment

grèidhear, -eir, -an nm grieve (farm

foreman)

□

Mac a’Ghrèidheir Grieve (the

surname)

greigh, -e, -ean nf herd, stud (horse stud)

□

chunnaic sinn greigh fhiadh we saw a herd

of deer

greigheach, -iche a gregarious

343 greigheach

grèim, -e, -eannan nm 1. catch, clutch,

grasp, grip, hold

□

chùm e grèim teann

air a làimh he kept a tight grip on her

hand

□

dèan / gabh / thoir grèim air

take hold of, fasten on to, grab, grasp,

grip

□

thug e grèim air mo ghàirdean

he grasped / gripped my arm

□

chan eil

grèim ri ghabhail air uisge no teine -

lit. a grasp is not to be taken upon

water or ﬁre i.e. water and ﬁre are good

servants but bad masters

□

cùm grèim

air hold

□

note also: grèim cridhe

heart attack

□

an grèim mionaich colic

□

an grèim pneumonia

□

an grèim mòr

pleurisy 2. bite (of food), bit, morsel

□

thoir grèim à take a bite of

□

cha robh

grèim bidhe aige he did not have a bite

of food

□

greim bìdh a snack (note that

the gen of biadh, food, may be bidhe /

bìdh)

□

cha robh grèim leisg innte

there wasn’t a bit of laziness in her

3. an grèim (a) cuir an grèim distrain,

organize, put into operation

□

chuir

iad romhpa crìoch-astair a chur an

grèim they decided to put a speed limit

into operation

□

feumaidh sinn

feitheamh gus am faic sinn an tèid na

molaidhean seo a chur an grèim we

must wait to see if these recommenda-

tions are put into operation (lit. until

we see if …) (b) bi an grèim be in

operation

□

bithidh an sgeama ùr an

grèim a dh’aithghearr the new scheme

will be in operation soon (c) rach an

grèim ri tackle

□

bidh na daoine seo

a’ dol an grèim ri teintean a h-uile

latha these men are tackling ﬁres

every day

□

also rach an grèim ann

□

chaidh Seumas an grèim ann a-rithist

James tackled him again (d) an grèim

held fast, holding fast, tightly

□

bha

aon làmh an grèim agus an tè eile a’

beirsinn oirre one hand was holding

on tightly and the other was reaching

for her

□

bi an grèim be in custody

□

tha e air a bhith an grèim iomadh bli-

adhna he has been in custody for many

years 4. seizure, stitch (in sewing / a

pain)

□

rinn i grèim no dhà eile she did

another stitch or two

□

bha grèim nam

thaobh there was a stitch in my side

grèim-coise nm foothold

□

cha robh

grèim-coise ri faighinn air there was

no foothold to be found on it g.-làimhe

nm handhold

□

cha robh aige ach

grèim-làimhe air a’chreig he had only

a handhold on the rock

grèine sunny spells)

□

airson greis for

a while

□

sheas mi mar a bha mi greis

I stood as I was (for) a while

□

airson

deagh ghreis an dèidh sin (also: airson

greis mhath an dèidh sin) for a good while

after that

□

thug e greis mun deach aca air

a’ chlach a thogail it took a while before

they managed to raise the stone

□

ceann greis / an dèidh greis after a while

□

seo an taisbeanadh as fheàrr a chunnaic

mi o chionn greis mhath this is the best

exhibition I’ve seen for a good while

□

tha

an sgeulachd air a h-atharrais an ceann a

h-uile greis the story is retold every so

often (lit. at the end of every while)

□

thug

caraid gàire orm o chionn greis nuair a…

a friend made me laugh a while ago

when…

□

chan fhaca sinn thu o chionn

greis we haven’t seen you for a while

□

note the rather curious idiom : tha greis o

nach robh e sa bhaile it’s a while since he

was in [the] town (lit. since he wasn’t in

etc.)

□

tha greis bho nach robh seirbhis

Ghàidhlig anns an eaglais seo it’s a while

since there was a Gaelic service in this

church

grèis, -eadh v embroider

grèis-bhrat nm tapestry

greiseag, -eige nf

□

dim of greis spell (of

work), a little while

□

… agus a h-uile

greiseag thigeadh iad air ais…and every

so often they would return

□

dh’fheith mi

greiseag I waited a while

grenèad, -aid, -an nm grenade

greollan, -ain, -ain nm cricket (insect)

□

chuala sinn durdan neònach a’ ghreollain

we heard the curious hum of the cricket

Greugach, -aich, -aich nm Greek

Greugach a Grecian, Greek, Hellenic

Greugachas, -ais nm Hellenism

Greugais nf Greek (lang.)

greusaiche, -ean nm 1. cobbler, shoemaker

2. cobbler ﬁsh

greusachd nf cobbling, shoemaking (the

trade)

griaman, -ain nm lichen

grian, grein nm grit, bottom of loch /

river / sea

grian, grèine, grianan nf sun

□

na grèine

solar

□

gun ghrian sunless

□

èirigh na

grèine sunrise

□

laighe na grèine sunset

□

deàrrsadh na grèine sunshine

□

bha iad

air an tiormachadh ris a’ghrèin they were

dried in the sun

□

aig dol fodha na grèine

at sunset (lit. the going down of the sun)

□

also aig laighe na grèine at sunset

□

los-

gadh na grèine sunburn

□

a-muigh fon

greimich 344

greimich, -eachadh v attach, catch, clutch,

grapple

□

greimich air grasp, grip, seize

greimiche, -ean nm forceps, nippers,

tentacle, tweezers

greimire, -ean nm fork, pliers

greis, -e, -ean nf space (of time), spell (of

work), while

□

greisean spells (e.g. greisean

ghrèin is fon ghaoith out in the sun and the

wind (lit. under the etc.)

□

tha iad a’ fao-

tainn barrachd tlachd às a seo na tha iad

a’ faotainn à rud eile fon grèin they get

more pleasure from this than [they get]

from anything else under the sun

□

bha iad

nan sìneadh anns a’ ghrèin they were

lying / stretched out in the sun

grian-chrios nm zodiac g.-loisgte pp

sunburnt g.-sgàilean nm parasol g.-stad

nm solstice

grianach, -aiche a sunny

griasachd nf

□

see greusachd

grinn a accurate, elegant, ﬁne, graceful, neat,

nice, ornate, pretty, spick and span, sweet

□

dealbhan grinne ﬁne / pretty etc. pictures

grinn-sgrìobhadh nm calligraphy

grinneachd nf accuracy

grinneal, -eil nm gravel, grit

□

bha sinn a’

coiseachd air grinneal garbh we were

walking upon rough gravel

□

chuala mi

fuaim càir air a’ ghrinneal I heard the

sound of a car on the gravel

grinneachadh, -aidh nm & vn of grinnich

reﬁning etc.

grinneas, -eis nm elegance, ﬁneness, frill,

gracefulness, neatness, nicety, prettiness,

reﬁnement

□

gun ghrinneas graceless

□

…

a’ cur grinneas air an t-seòmar … giving

the room elegance / lending elegance to

the room

grinnich, -eachadh v reﬁne

grìob nm rocky shore

griobh, -a, -an nm griffon

□

bha an eaglais

air a sgeadachadh le griobhan the church

was adorned with griffons

grìogag, -aige, -an nf bead

Grioglachan,An Grioglachan nm Pleiades

grioman, -ain nm tree lungwort (also

crotal-coille)

grìos, -a, -an nm grill

grìosach, -aich nf 1. hot embers

□

bha e air

a dhadhadh ris a’ghrìosaich it was singed

by being exposed to the embers (see ri /

ris) 2. volley

□

leig e a-mach grìosach de

mhionnan he released a volley of curses

grìosachadh, -aidh nm & vn of grìosaich

grilling etc., grill

grìosaich, -achadh v grill

grìs, -e nf goose-ﬂesh, goose-pimples, shiv-

ers

□

thug an smuain fhèin grìs orm the

very thought gave me goose-pimples

□

chuir an naidheachd grìs oirnn uile the

news sent shivers down all our spines /

through all of us etc.

grìseach, -iche a shivering, causing

goose-ﬂesh, chilly

grìsfhionn a grizzled, roan

griùthach, -aich nf

□

always preceded by

the def art e.g. a’ ghriùthach measles

□

gen ⫽ na griùthaich

griùthlach, -aich nf

□

same as griùthlach

griùthrach, -aich nf

□

same as griùthlach

gròb, -adh v groove, indent, tongue and

groove (carpentry), roughly sew / mend /

stitch

□

bha na ballachan air an lìnigeadh

le ﬁodh air a ghròbadh the walls were

lined with tongued and grooved wood

gròbach, -aiche a wrinkled

□

bha am

buntàta gròbach grod the potatoes were

wrinkled and rotten

gròbadh, -aidh, -aidhean nm & vn of

gròb grooving, indenting etc., indentation,

tonguing and grooving (carpentry)

groban

□

see gnoban

gròc, -adh / -ail v croak

□

chuala mi

ﬁtheach a’gròcail a-muigh I heard a raven

croaking outside

grod, -oide a corrupt, high, putrid, rotten

grod, -adh v putrefy, rot

grodadh, -aidh nm & vn of grod rotting

etc., rot

grodaich, -achadh v corrupt

grodachadh, -aidh nm & vn of grodaich

corrupting etc.

groigeanan-cinn n pl carle-doddies (vari-

ous plants including ribwort and plantain)

gròiseid, -e, -ean nf gooseberry

gròm-dearg nm coral

grosair, -ean nm grocer

grosaireach a grocery

□

bathar grosaireach

groceries

grosaireachd nf groceries bùth grosaireachd

grocery

gròt(a), -achan nm groat

gruag, -aige, -an nf hair (head of hair), wig

□

gu h-iongantach bha a ghruag air fàs na

bu duirche! amazingly, his hair had grown

darker!

□

roinn i a’ghruag aige she parted

his hair

□

bha feusag ruadh air, agus gruag

fhada den dath cheudna he had a red

beard, and long hair of the same colour

gruagach, -aich, -aichean nf girl, maid,

maiden

gruagaire, -ean nm hairdresser

gruagaireachd nf hairdressing

gruaidh, -e, -ean nf cheek

gruaigean, -ein nm badderlocks, henware

(edible seaweed)

gruaim, -e nf 1. churlishness, gloom,

gloominess, sulkiness, sullenness, 2.

frown, grimace, frown, scowl, surly look

□

thàinig gruaim air aodann na h-inghinn

a grimace appeared on the girl’s face

□

345 gruaim

an gruaim lower (v ⫽ look surly)

□

bi fo

ghruaim scowl

gruamach, -aiche a black (of mood), bleak,

dismal, forbidding, gloomy, glum, moody,

morose, saturnine, sombre, sour (of char-

acter), stern, sulky

□

chan eil cùisean cho

gruamach ’s a tha iad a’ coimhead matters

aren’t as gloomy as they look

gruamachd nf grimness

gruaman, -ain nm sadness, melancholy

grùdair / grùdaire nm brewer, distiller

grùdaireachd nf brewing

□

tog / dèan grù-

daireachd brew (beer)

grùid, -e nf dregs, lees, sediment

grùid-chlach nf sedimentary rock

grunn, -a, -an nm batch, crowd, group,

number

□

chunnaic e grunn dhaoine

òga he saw a group of young people

□

ann an grunn dhòighean in a number of

ways

□

ann an grunn cheàrnaidhean den

Ghaidhealtachd in a number of Highland

districts

□

grunn bhliadhnachan air ais…

a number of years ago

□

fad grunn bhli-

adhnachan for a number of years

□

tha

grunn dhiubh sin a dh’aon ghnothaich do

chloinn a number of those are speciﬁcally

for children

□

grunn rudan a’ tighinn gu

chèile a combination of events

grunnachadh, -aidh nm & vn of grunnaich

wading

grunnaich, -achadh v wade, paddle

grunnan, -ain, -an nm group, small number

grunnasg, -aisg nm/f groundsel

grunnd, -uinnd / -a nm bed / bottom (of sea,

lake, valley etc.), ground

□

an grunnd na

mara / a’chuain at the bottom of the sea, on

the sea bed

□

gun ghrunnd bottomless

grunnd-iasgaich nm ﬁshing grounds

grunndail, -e a having a good foundation,

solid, ﬁrm, sensible, down-to-earth

□

bha

iad air leth tùrail agus grunndail they were

particularly sensible and down-to-earth

grùnsgal, -ail nm growl, growling

□

dèan

grùnsgal growl v

gruth, -uith nm curds, crowdie

□

gruth is

bàrr crowdie and cream

grùthan, -ain, -an nm liver

a certain point in space’)

□

does not

lenite

□

o thaigh gu taigh from house to

house

□

o bheul gu beul from mouth to

mouth

□

thàinig a’choinneamh gu crìch

aig ochd uairean the meeting came to an

end at eight o’clock

□

bha sinn air an

t-slighe gu I agus Stafa we were on the

way to Iona and Staffa

□

thuit e gu h-

aotrom gu talamh it fell lightly to earth

(for gu h- see gu used with an adjective

below)

□

bha botal uisge-bheatha air òl

gu a leth there was a half-drunk bottle of

whisky (lit. drunk to its half)

□

dhìrich

sinn an àird gu mullach a’ chnuic we

climbed up to the top of the hill

□

chaidh

sinn gu cèilidh we went to a ceilidh

□

but note: an e seo am bus gu

Steòrnabhagh? is this the bus for

Stornoway?

□

…airson na molaidhean

sin a thoirt gu bith…to bring these

recommendations into being

With this meaning it is often used with

parts of the body:- dh’èirich e gu

a chasan he rose to his feet

□

bha falt

donn oirre gu a guailnean she wore

brown hair to her shoulders

□

bheir

eagal duine gu a ghlùinean fear will

bring a man to his knees

But note also:- chuir ise gu feum math

iad she put them to good use

□

sgrìobh

e litir ghoirid gu caraid dha he wrote

a short letter to a friend of his (see do)

When ‘to’ means ‘to a point in time /

until’: chaidh m’ inntinn air ais

gu Oidhche Shamhna mòran bhli-

adhnachan air ais my mind went back

to a Halloween night many years ago

□

tha aig luchd-leughaidh gu deireadh

a’ mhìos seo gu bhith a’ gabhail com-

pàirt anns a’cho-fharpais readers have

until the end of the month to partici-

pate in the competition (gu bhith here

implies purpose / intention – see below)

□

faodar a ràdh nach robh a leithid

ann gu seo it may be stated that such

a thing has never existed until now (lit.

to this)

□

chan eil ann ach fuireach far

a bheil sinn gu latha there’s nothing

for it but to stay where we are until day

□

cha robh sgeul air gu o chionn

ghoirid there was no sign of it until

recently

□

bha ceòl agus aighearachd

ann gu madainn there was music and

merriment until morning

□

bha iad

sona gu aon latha nuair a … they were

happy until one day when …

□

cha

robh an eaglais air a togail gu

gruamach 346

1. in the phrase gu dè a worn down form

of ciod (q.v.)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. prep⫹ dat case of indef noun (also

see gus below) for, to, till, until, unto

(when ‘to’etc. means ‘to a place’or ‘to

timcheall air ceud bliadhna an dèidh

sin the church wasn’t built until about

a hundred years after that

With a def noun the alternative forms

gus (⫹ acc case) or chun (⫹ gen case)

are used

□

bha sreath de bheanntan

àrda a’ ruith on tuath gus an àirde

deas there was a range of high moun-

tains running from the north to the

south

□

gus a-màireach until tomor-

row / until the morrow

□

a-nuas gus an

ochdamh linn deug up to the eigh-

teenth century (note that the Gaelic

says down, not up!)

□

cha do thòisich

iad air an obair gu toiseach na

Lùnastail they didn’t start on the work

until the beginning of August (see

chun also for examples)

The prep prons of gu are: thugam to me

thugad to you thuige to him thuice

to her thugainn to us thugaibh to you

thuca to them

The emphatic forms are: thugamsa,

thugadsa, thuigesan, thuicese,

thugainne, thugaibhse, thucasan

Some examples using the prep prons

□

sgrìobh e thugam he wrote to me

□

cha

robh fuaim a’tilleadh thuige ach a ghuth

fhèin not a sound was coming back to

him but his own voice

□

bha i a’tarraing

a h-uile duine thuice she attracted every-

one to her

□

but note also: thàinig mi

thugam fhèin I revived / I came to

gu ruige prep

□

see ruige

gu before a vn usually implies

‘purpose’, ‘almost’, ‘nearly’

□

chrom e

gu pìos pàipeir a thogail bhon làr he

stooped to pick up a piece of paper

from the ﬂoor

□

bha e gu toirt thairis

he was dead-beat / he was on the point

of giving up

□

bha i gu fannachadh

leis an teas she was almost fainting

with the heat

□

but note: tha mi gu

bhith deiseil I am almost ready

□

and:

mura robh muinntir a’ bhaile gu bhith

a’ faighinn buannachd às unless the

townspeople were to be beneﬁtting

from it

□

also, in some areas gus a

bhith deiseil etc.

gu combines with the poss adjs to form

prep poss adjs as shown below. These

are used before verbal nouns with the

meaning ‘about to’, ‘with the intention

of’, and are most usually found after

verbs of motion. Some have recom-

mended that these be written in full

(as

shown below the abbreviated forms).

The examples which follow show the

contracted forms.

gum ⫹ len to my gud ⫹ len to your sing

ga ⫹ len to his ga (ga h- before vow-

els) to her gu ar / gar to our gu ur /

gur to your pl / polite gun (gum

before b, f, m, p) to their

Full forms are: gu mo, gu do, gu a, gu

a, (ga h- before vowels), gu ar, gu ur,

gu an (gu am before b, f, m, p). Before

vowels gu mo and gu do become gu

m’ and gu d’, but a ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘its’

should always be shown

Some examples using the prep poss

adjs

□

thog e am bata gum bhualadh

he raised his staff to strike me

□

bha

iad a’tighinn ga shàbhaladh they were

coming to save him

□

a bheil thu a’dol

ga cuideachadh? are you going to help

her?

□

thàinig e air adhart gum

phutadh he came forward to push me

□

thig iad gu do chuideachadh they

will come to help you

□

thog e a chas

ga bhreabadh he raised his foot to kick

him

□

ga breabadh to kick her

□

gar

bualadh to hit us

□

gu ur faicinn to see

you pl / polite

□

gan cuideachadh to

help them (gam before b, f, m, p

□

gam putadh to push them)

□

… agus

chuir i san àmhainn e ga fhuineadh …

and she put it into the oven to bake (lit.

to its baking)

□

thug e sgailc air a’

phàipear ga dhèanamh cothrom he

gave the paper a slap to make it even

□

bhiodh e a’ toirt dha leabhraichean

gan leughadh he used to give him

books to read

gu is used before an adj to make an adv

e.g. math good gu math well

□

luath

quick gu luath quickly

□

mall slow gu

mall slowly

□

before vowels h- is

inserted: obann sudden gu h-obann

suddenly

□

àraidh special gu h-àraidh

especially

□

note that gu is not

repeated in lists of adverbs: sheas a’

chraobh gu dìreach, dàna, calma ris

a’ ghaoith the tree withstood the wind

uprightly, boldly, bravely

Note also: gu leòr galore, plenty,

enough (see leòr) gu ruige prep till,

unto, until (see ruige) gu leth and

a half (see leth)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. gu conj that

□

precedes a clause in

which the dep form of the verb is used

□

tha e ag ràdh gu bheil e sgìth he says

347 grùthan

that he is tired

□

a bheil thu a’

smaoineachadh gu bheil iad a’ tigh-

inn? do you think they’re coming?

□

before robh, the past dep form of tha,

either gu / gun may be used

□

thuirt e

gu(n) robh i ceàrr he said that she was

wrong

□

before all other tenses and

moods gum is used before verbs

beginning with b, f, m, p (where gum

directly precedes the verb) and gun

before all others

□

thuirt e rium gum bi

e air ais a-màireach he told me that he

will be back tomorrow

□

bha i ag ràdh

gum bitheadh i a’ tighinn a dh’aithg-

hearr she was saying that she would be

coming soon

□

tha mi an dòchas gum

mair an suidheachadh seo ùine fhada

I hope that this situation will last

a long time

□

bha mi an dòchas gum

paisgeadh tu na tiodhlaicean I was

hoping that you would wrap the gifts

□

thuirt e gum faca e mi anns a’bhùth he

said that he had seen me in the shop

□

dh’innis e dhomh gun tug seo ùine

fhada he told me that this took a long

time

□

tha mi a’ smaoineachadh gun

do chaill e [a] airgead I think that he

lost his money

□

note what happens

when two such clauses are linked by

agus or ach: ma dh’fhaoidte gun robh

e ann ach gun do dh’fhalbh e perhaps

he was here but he left

Note that gu / gum / gun are frequently

elements of word groups which act as

compd conjs and which translate into

English in a number of ways

□

thug mi

airgead dha a chum’s gun ceannaic-

headh e an leabhar I gave him money

so that he could buy the book

□

sheall

e orm mar gun robh e a’ dèanamh

fanaid orm he looked at me as if he

were mocking me

□

in these cases the

word / words preceding gu / gum / gun

should be consulted i.e. chum / mar in

the examples given

gum / gun is sometimes used to intro-

duce a wish, imprecation etc., in which

case it implies an unspoken introduc-

tion such as ‘I wish’ / ‘I would wish’

etc.

□

gun cuir sinn luach air an dileab

a chaidh fhàgail againn may we value

the legacy that has been left to us

□

gun

till iad dhachaigh air an ùrachadh

may they return home refreshed

□

see

also guma below

guailleachan, -ain, -an nm scarf, shawl for

the shoulders

guaillibh old dat pl of gualainn (q.v.)

guaineas, -eis nm lightness

□

sgeul guaineis

fantasy

gual, -adh v gall, pain, torment

□

bha e air

a ghualadh mu a dheidhinn he was

tormented about it

gual, -ail nm coal

□

gual donn lignite

□

mèinne guail a coal-mine

gual-ﬁodha nm charcoal

gualadair, -ean nm coalman, collier

gualainn, gualainn / guailne, guailnean /

guaillean nf shoulder (also gualann in the

nom)

□

ceann is guaillean bust (in sculp-

ture)

□

bha iad nan seasamh gualainn

ri gualainn they were standing shoulder to

shoulder

□

na Gaidheil an guaillibh

a chèile the Gaels shoulder to shoulder (an

older expression than the preceding one

and more evocative)

□

is lom gualainn gun

bhràthair bare / solitary is the shoulder

without a brother (proverb)

gualaisg nm carbohydrate

gualan, -ain nm carbon

gualann nf

□

see gualainn

guanach, -aiche a fanciful, fancy, giddy,

light (of mood), light-headed, unsettled

□

bha na caileagan a’ gàireachdaich gu gua-

nach the girls were laughing light-headedly

guanachas, -ais nm fancy

guanag, -aige, -an nf coquette

guàno nm guano

gucach a bearing bells (of a plant)

gucag, -aige, -an nf bell (of a ﬂower), bub-

ble, bud

□

an uair nach eil an duilleach

ach anns a’ ghucaig when the foliage is

only in bud

gud prep poss adj to your sing (see gu

1. prep)

gùda, -achan nm gudgeon

guga, -achan nm young of the solan goose /

gannet

guib

□

gen sing and nom & dat pl of gob

beak

guidh, guidhe v 1. wish

□

ghuidh iad uile

sonas don chàraid they wished every

happiness to the couple / they wished the

couple every happiness

□

bha e a’ guidhe

cadal math is aislingean matha do a

mhac he was wishing goodnight and sweet

dreams to his son

□

tha sinn a’ guidhe

gach soirbheachaidh dhaibh we wish

them every success 2. guidh air beg,

beseech, call upon, entreat, implore, peti-

tion

□

bha e a’ guidhe air na daoine lean-

tainn orra leis an obair he was calling

grùthan 348

upon the people to persevere with the

work

guidhe nm/f & vn of guidh entreating etc.,

entreaty, petition, prayer

□

dèan guidhe

plead, beseech

guidheachan, -ain nm imprecation, oath,

curse

□

dèan guidheachan curse, swear

□

rinn e guidheachan fo anail he swore

under his breath

guil, gul v cry, weep

guilbneach, -ich, -ich nm curlew

□

bha mi

ag èisteachd ri guileig a’ ghuilbnich I was

listening to the curlew’s cry

guilbneach-beag nm whimbrel (also

eun-Bealltainn nm)

guileag, -eig, -an nf cry (of a bird)

□

see

guilbneach above

guim nm plot, conspiracy, stratagem

□

bha

ceathrar eile an sàs sa ghuim four others

were involved in the conspiracy

□

cha

robh e a’ cleachdadh a’ ghuim seo airson

a bhuannachd fhèin he wasn’t employing

this stratagem for his own advantage

□

bha

e ann an guim leis na daoine eile he was

in conspiracy with the other men

guin, -ean nm dart, pang, sting

guin, -eadh v sting

guineach, -iche a bitter (of speech / men-

tally), ﬁerce, pungent, sharp venomous

□

bhitheadh an t-eun beag seo ga dhìon gu

guineach this little bird would defend it

ﬁercely

□

bidh an ath bhatail nas guiniche

the next battle will be ﬁercer

guineachas, -ais nm sharpness

guineadh, -idh nm & vn of guin stinging etc.

guir, gur v brood, hatch, incubate (both lit.

and metaph.)

□

guiridh an t-eun seo an

aon ugh a tha aice air a spleadhan this

bird hatches her only egg on her webbed

feet (note that although eun is masc, the

fem form aice is used as it is assumed that

the mother is fem!)

□

is iad a ghuir an

innleachd eatorra it is they who hatched

the plot between them

guir a broody (of a hen) cearc ghuir

a broody hen

guireadair, -ean nm incubator

guirean, -ein, -an nm carbuncle, pimple,

pustule, spot (facial)

□

guirean dubh

blackhead

□

guirean bàn whitehead

guireanach, -aiche a pimply, spotted

guirme nf blueness, greenness

guirmead, -eid nm blueness

guirmean, -ein nm indigo

guiseid, -ean nf gusset

guit, -e, -ean nf winnowing fan

guit-dhruma nf tambourine

guitear, -eir, -an nm gutter (on a house

etc.), sewer

gul, uil nm & vn of guil crying etc., crying,

wail, wailing, weeping

□

dèan gul weep

gulach a weeping

gum prep poss adj (see gu 1. prep)

1. (⫹ len) to my 2. (without len) to their

(before b, f, m, p)

gum conj (gu ⫹ am) till, until (before b, f,

m, p)

□

cha b ‘fhada gum b’fheudar dha

gabhail air a shocair it wasn’t long before

he had to take it easy

□

chan fhaigh thu an

t-airgead gum bi an obair deiseil you

won’t get the money till the work’s ﬁn-

ished

gum conj that (see gu conj)

□

sometimes

used to express a wish (see also guma)

□

gum biodh e comasach dhuinne a ràdh,

mar a thuirt Pòl … may it be possible for

us to say, as Paul said …

guma

□

a form of gu conj (q.v.) which is

used to introduce a wish or idea

□

guma

math a thèid dhaibh le airgead a thrusadh

may they be successful in collecting

money (lit. may it go well for them with

money to collecting)

□

guma math a thèid

don dithis aca! good luck to both of them!

□

note that thèid le may be found as well

as thèid do (see gur conj)

□

guma fada a

leanas iad long may they continue

□

guma

fada beò thu long may you live

□

guma

h-amhlaidh (bhitheas) amen

349 guma

gun prep poss adj to their (see gu 1. prep)

gun conj that (see gu conj)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gun prep without

□

often corresponds

in translation to English preﬁxes ‘im-’,

‘in-’, ‘il’, ‘irr’, ‘un-’ or English sufﬁx

‘-less’ (see end of this entry)

□

takes

either acc or dat case, though diction-

aries and Gaelic primers tend to omit

mentioning this important point

□

Calder’s Grammar says that it takes the

acc case, but popular usage seems to

favour the dat case

□

lenites foll. con-

sonants except d, f (in some dialects) t,

n or s – though mòran seems to be

exempt from this rule

□

thill e gun

mhnaoi he returned without a wife (dat

case)

□

bha e na sheasamh an sin gun

bhròig he was standing there without

a shoe (dat case)

□

bha duine na

sheasamh an sin gun bhròg there was

a man standing there without a shoe

(acc case)

□

gun an còrr uime without

(any) more ado (acc case)

□

in many

instances it is impossible to say

whether the noun is in the dat or acc

case

□

cha b’ann gun dragh, gun

saothair agus gun chostas it wasn’t

without trouble, [without] labour and

[without] cost

□

bha e gun obair he

was out of work / unemployed

□

gun

cus mhearachdan without too many

mistakes (cus is here unlenited

because it is an unstressed word)

□

gun

mòran coiteachaidh without much

persuasion

□

’s e duine gun mòran

toinisg a th’ann he’s a man without

much common sense

gun has no special prep pron forms, as

eughmais / as aonais (q.v.) being used

instead

When accompanied by ach it means

‘with only’

□

gun ach sgoil thruagh

na òige with only a poor education in

his youth (lit. without but …)

□

’s gun

mun cuairt air ach am fàsach with

only the desert around him

□

agus gun

e ach sia bliadhna deug … and he only

sixteen …

gun is also used to make vn’s neg

□

bha

e fhathast gun tilleadh he still hadn’t

returned (lit. he was still without

returning)

□

bha an stòbha fhathast

gun tighinn don fhasan the stove had

not yet come into fashion

□

… is e gun

a bhith uile-gu-lèir cinnteach ciamar

a … [and he] not being altogether cer-

tain how …

□

gun eagal a bhith oirnn

sin a dhèanamh without (us) being

afraid to do that

□

ach bha sin fhathast

gun tachairt aig an àm sin but that still

hadn’t occurred at that time

□

… agus

an dorchadas gun a bhith fada air

falbh … [and the] darkness not being

far off

As with all other preps, a noun forming

part of a vn phrase is not affected by

the prep with regard to case

□

bhiodh

e duilich dha gun na ceistean aca a

fhreagairt it would be difﬁcult for him

not to answer their questions

□

tha mi

duilich gun a’ chlann fhaicinn an seo

an-diugh I’m sorry not to see the chil-

dren here today / I’m sorry to see no

children etc.

□

thuirt e riutha gun iad

eagal sam bith a bhith orra he said to

them not to be in the least afraid

□

… ach b’fheàrr gun an duine

ainmeachadh… but it would be better

not to name the person

However, used with a vn gun may still

often translate as ‘without’

□

cha

choimhead mi air uair sam bith gun

smaoineachadh orra I never look at it

without thinking of them

□

gun fhacal /

gun facal a ràdh dh’fhalbh e without

saying a word, he left

□

shnàig e a-

steach gun fhuaim / gun fuaim sam

bith a dhèanamh he crept in without

making a sound

Expressions other than nouns or vn’s

may accompany gun

□

“Och, nì sin

fhéin a’ chùis,” ars esan, ’s gun e deò-

nach sam bith turas eile thoirt chun a’

bhaile “Och, that will do,” he said,

being unwilling to make another trip to

town

□

bha an t-inneal a’ bodhradh

nan cluasan aca, is gun iad cleachdte

ri leithid de dh’ fhuaim the machine

was deafening their ears, they not

being accustomed to such noise

□

’s

gun e fhathast aig aois nuair a … while

(he was) still not at an age when …

□

bha e air bàs fhaotainn gun e air dà

fhichead bliadhna a ruigheachd he had

died without having reached forty / not

having reached etc.

Some common expressions are: gun

fhiù worthless

□

gun ainm / gun

urrainn anonymous

□

gun sùilean

without eyes / eyeless

□

gun sliochd

childless

□

gun smal spotless

□

gun

toit smokeless

□

gun chùram irrespon-

sible

□

gun tilleadh irrevocable

□

gun

slighe trackless

□

there are many oth-

ers, but these may be found in the dic-

tionary under the accompanying word

guma 350

gùn, gùin, -achan / -tean nm gown

gunna, -achan nm gun

□

urchair gunna

gunshot

□

gunna mòr cannon

□

gun-

nachan mòra ordnance

□

thog e an gunna

is loisg e e he raised the gun and ﬁred it

gunna-adhair nm airgun g.-dùbailt nm

double barrelled gun g.-eunaich nm

fowling-piece g.-froise nm shotgun

g.-sgailc nm popgun

gunnair, -ean nm gunner

gunnaireachd nf gunnery

gur prep poss adj formed from aig⫹ ur at

your pl / polite (see aig) – used with a vn

gur prep poss adj formed from gu ⫹ ur to

your pl & polite

□

gur faicinn to see you

pl & polite (see gu 1. prep)

gur, -uir nm & vn of guir hatching, hatch,

incubation

□

nuair a thig gur às tràth air

an earrach when hatching out occurs (lit.

comes) early in the spring

gur conj a form of gun used only with the

assertive verb

□

thuirt iad gur e a chridhe

a bha air they said that it was his heart

(that was troubling him / that was wrong

with him)

□

bhitheadh aca ri aghaidh

thoirt an uairsin air an fhìrinn gur iad

na daoine a dh’adhbharaich an suid-

heachadh seo they would then have to face

(up to) the fact that they are the people

who brought about this situation – an h- is

often inserted before stressed vowels:

saoilidh mi gur h-e duine glè àilleasach a

bhiodh … I think it is a very fussy person

who would…

□

tha sinn an dòchas gur

math a thèid leotha uile we hope that they

will all do well / that they will all prosper

□

note also that gun often replaces gur

before a vowel

□

chan eil e soilleir gun

ionann iad it isn’t clear that they are equal

gurraban, -ain nm crouching posture,

hunkering

□

chaidh e na ghurraban mu

a coinneamh he crouched / hunkered

down before her

gurrach, -aich nm crouching posture, hun-

kering

□

bha e na ghurrach air an stiùir he

was crouching at the helm

bha eagal mòr orm gun robh e gus

a dhol a-mach orra I was greatly afraid

that he was on the point of falling out

with them

□

tha mi gus mo chiall

a chall I am about to lose my senses

3. (with interr part & dep form of verb)

(a) till, before, until

□

bithidh ùine ann

gus am faic sinn e a-rithist it will be

some time before we see him again

□

chùm iad sùil a-mach gus am faiceadh

iad an robh an nàmhaid fhathast anns

a’ choimhearsnachd they kept a look-

out to see (i.e. until they might see) if

the enemy were still in the locality

□

cha b’fhada gus an do thill iad it was-

n’t long until they returned

□

gus an

atharraich sin cha tig feabhas until

that changes improvement won’t

come

□

gus am faigheadh e air ais

a Leòdhas pending his return to Lewis

□

… ceàrnaidhean a bha a’ sìor fhàs

na bu chuinge gus an-diugh a bheil iad

a’ fuireach ann an ceàrn bhig areas

which were continually growing nar-

rower until today they live in a small

area

□

… gus mu dheireadh, an dèidh

mòran dhuilgheadasan, an do ràinig

iad an dachaigh… until at last, after

many difﬁculties, they reached their

home

□

note that in some dialects na is

used instead of an

□

… gus na ràinig e

iomall a’bhaile … until he reached the

outskirts of the town

Note that gus an / gus am may be

abbreviated to gusa

□

bithidh ùine ann

gusa faic sinn e etc. it will be some

time before we see him etc.

gus nach is used in neg sentences

□

chaidh àireamh nam ball suas gus

nach robh e, gu math tric, comasach

àite-suidhe fhaighinn anns an àite the

number of members went up until it

was, quite often, impossible to ﬁnd

a seat in the place

Note what happens when two verbs

linked by ‘and’ follow gus: cha bhi e

fada gus am faigh mi dhachaigh agus

am faic mi sibh uile it won’t be long

until I get home and see you all

□

but

note also: … gus an tàinig a bhean

agus gun do dh’fhosgail i glas an

dorais … until his wife came and

unlocked the door (lit. opened the lock

of the door) (b) so that, in order that, to

(implying purpose)

□

… agus gus an

seasadh e a còir … and so that he

351 gurrach

gus prep & conj with a variety of

usages:-

1. prep: a form of gu used with a def

noun (see gu 2. prep) 2. prep used

with vn’s meaning (a) to, in order to,

with the purpose of

□

chaidh iad don

bhaile gus oidhirp a dhèanamh gus

cuideachadh fhaighinn they went to

[the] town to attempt to obtain help

□

bha iad air am misneachadh gus pàirt

a ghabhail anns na cluichean they

were encouraged to take part in the

games

□

bha agam ri bus eile a ghla-

cadh gus faighinn gu Peairt I had to

get another bus to get to Perth

□

bha i

air a fàgail gus sùil a chumail oirnn

she was left [in order] to keep an eye

on us

□

tha iad air tabhartas fhaighinn

gus cuideachadh leis an obair they

have received a grant to help with the

work (b) about to, on the point of

□