Colin Mark. The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Гэльско-английский словарь
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fhaide na … outlive…
□
tha e beò
fhathast he is still alive
□
sinne an
dithis mu dheireadh [a] tha beò we are
the last two [who are] alive
□
tha sinn
ag ionnsachadh ciamar a bha iad beò
we learn how they lived
□
bi beò air
live upon / exist on
□
bha e beò air
measan he was living / existing on
fruits
□
tha iad a’ creidsinn gum bi an
gobhar beò air seann phàipearan-
naidheachd! they believe that goats
live on old newspapers! (for the use of
the def art here see App. 2 Sect. 4.3)
□
thig beò air live upon / exist upon
□
tha iad a’ tighinn beò air duilleagan is
cuileagan they live on leaves and flies
□
cha robh duine beò an làthair not
a living soul was present
beò nm 1. life, lifetime
□
ri a bheò dur-
ing his lifetime
□
ri mo bheò during
my lifetime etc.
□
cha do dh’fhiosraich
mi ri mo bheò fuachd cho dona sin
I had never experienced in my lifetime
(a degree of) cold as bad as that
□
(sin)
rud nach dìochuimhnich mi ri mo bheò
(that is) something that I shall not for-
get for the rest of my life / as long as
I live
□
note also: dè do bheò? how are
you?
□
chaill daoine am beatha anns
an doininn people lost their lives in the
storm (note the use of the sing., each
person having only one life) 2. a living
man / person
□
na beò the living
□
dh’fhàg iad tìr nam beò o chionn
mòran bhliadhnachan they departed
the land of the living many years ago
□
bu chòir urram a bhith agad don
duine, na bheò ’s na mharbh you
should have respect for a man, living
and dead (lit. in his living man and in
his dead man)
□
gheibh sinn e na bheò
no na mharbh we will get / find him
alive or dead (i.e. as a living man or as
a dead man)
b.-airgeadach a mercurial b.-eòlas nm
physiology b.-fheòil nf quick (flesh)
b.-ghainmheach nf quicksands
b.-ghearradh nm vivisection b.-ghlac
v capture, captivate, take prisoner
□
bha iad air am beò-ghlacadh leis na
Ròmanaich they were captured by
the Romans b.-ghlacadh nm & vn
capturing etc., fascination, obsession
b.-ghlacail, -e a captivating
□
làn
iomhaighean beò-ghlacail full of
captivating images b.-shlàint(e) nf
beòil 1. a oral
□
teachdaireachd bheòil an
oral message 2. gen sing and nom & dat pl
of beul mouth
beòshlaint, -e nf
□
see beò-shlaint
beòtha comp of beò
beothachadh, -aidh nm & vn of beothaich
animating etc, animation (the act of
making animated films)
beòthachd nf living, livelihood
□
rinn iad
deagh bheòthachd they made a fine living
beothaich, -achadh v animate, arouse,
enkindle, enliven, freshen (of wind),
kindle, quicken, re-animate, stir, vitalize,
vivify
□
bheothaich a’ ghaoth the wind
freshened
□
tha i a’ beothachadh it (the
wind) is freshening
beothaichear, -eir, -an nm animator
□
tha
beothaichear proifeasanta ag obrachadh
le gach aonad a professional animator
works with each unit
beothaichte pp animated
□
film beothaichte
animated film
□
dealbhan beothaichte
animated pictures
beothail, -e a alive, animated, brisk, live,
lively, vivacious, volatile
□
b’esan bu
bheothaile den dithis he was the livelier of
the two (people)
beothalachd nf animation, briskness, life
(⫽ liveliness), liveliness, vitality, vivacity,
volatility
beothalachd-oidhche nf night-life
beothalas, -ais nm vivacity
beotham, -aim, -an nm vitamin
beubanaich, -achadh v treat badly, mal-
treat, mangle, bad-use
□
chan fhaca mi
riamh fear a bhitheas a’ beubanachadh
a chuid aodaich mar a tha thusa I have
never seen anyone who bad-uses his
beithir 72
livelihood, living
□
dh’fheumadh e
a bheò-shlàint a chosnadh he had to
earn his living
□
dè an t-àite a tha
aig croitearachd ann am beò-shlàint
na Gaidhealtachd? what place does
crofting have in the livelihood of the
Highlands?
□
tha iad a’ dèanamh beò-
shlàint air iasgach they make a liveli-
hood from (lit. on) fishing
□
thòisich e
air a beò-shlàint a dhèanamh air
sgrìobhadh he began to make his liv-
ing by writing
□
tha iad a’ dèanamh
am beò-shlàint air turasachd they
make their living from tourism (also
bith-beò q.v.)
clothes like you do
□
chaidh am
beubanachadh gu math goirt they were
quite severely mangled
beuc nm indec bellow, bray, roar
□
le beuc
uabhasach dh’èirich an rocaid bhon
talamh with an awful roar the rocket rose
from the earth
□
dèan beuc bellow v
beuc, beucaich / beucail v bellow, roar
□
dùisgidh tu na nàbaidhean ma bheucas tu
mar sin you’ll waken the neighbours if
you bellow like that
beucach a roaring
□
leòghann beucach
a roaring lion
beucaich nf & vn of beuc bellowing,
roaring etc., roar
beucail nf & vn of beuc roaring etc.
□
cha
robh fuaim ri a cluinntinn ach beucail na
mara there was no sound to be heard but
the roaring of the sea
beud nm indec damage, harm
□
gun bheud
unhurt
□
tha mi an dòchas nach èirich
beud dhaibh I hope (that) no harm will
come to them (lit. rise to them)
□
is mòr
am beud gun / nach do rinn e sin it’s
a great pity that he did / didn’t do that
□
bu
mhòr am beud gun do mhill e an cothrom
a fhuair e it was a great pity that he spoiled
the chance [that] he got
beugaileid, -ean nf bayonet
□
dè nì
bodaich an aghaidh beugaileidean nan
saighdearan? what shall old men do
against the soldiers’ bayonets?
a’ chaolain duodenum 3. gunwale
□
chaidh i fodha chun a’bheòil she went
under / sank to the gunwales
□
bha na
bàtaichean fodha gu am beòil the
boats were under to their gunwales
air mo bheul fodham face down, prone
(lit. on my mouth under me)
□
shìn mi
air mo bheul fodham I stretched out
face down / prone
□
bha i na laighe an
sin air a beul foidhpe she was lying
there face down / prone
□
bha an duine
air a bheul fodha air a’chreig the man
was face down on the rock
□
chaidh e
air a bheul fodha he lay face down /
prone
□
but note also: bha e gus a
bheul a bhualadh fodha he was on the
point of collapse
□
chan eil do bheul
agad ri fhosgladh you are very lucky
e.g. to have escaped
beul-aithris nf folklore, oral tradition,
tradition
□
tro bheul-aithris through oral
tradition b.-aithriseach a traditional
b.-bòidheach nm compliment, flattery,
lip-service
□
dèan beul-bòidheach ri
compliment, flatter b.-mòr nm gunwale
□
bha iad nan seasamh aig a beul-mòr
they were standing at her gunwale
b.-oideas nm folklore b.-snaoisein nm
decoy b.-stoc nm gunwale
73 beulach
beul, beòil, beòil nm 1. mouth
□
làn
beòil a mouthful
□
cha leigeadh e leam
fiù ’s aon làn beòil a thogail he would
not even allow me to take (lit. raise)
one mouthful
□
bhitheadh e a cheart
cho math dhaibh am beul a chumail
dùinte it would be just as well for them
to keep their mouths shut (note the
sing – see notes under ceann and
làmh)
□
tron bheul oral
□
“Am faigh
sinne còmhla ruibh?” arsa na balaich
am beul a chèile “Shall we get with
you?” the boys asked together / at the
same time 2. edge, beginning
□
[ann]
am beul na mara at the edge of the
sea
□
[ann] am beul na tuinne at the
wave’s edge
□
ràinig e beul a’
chladaich he reached the edge of the
shore
□
[ann] am beul na h-oidhche in
the twilight / in the dusk of evening
□
[ann] am beul an latha at dawn
□
beul
beulach, -aiche a plausible, talkative,
two-faced
beulaibh nm originally beul-thaobh,
front
□
tha thu air a chur cùlaibh air
beulaibh you have placed it back to front
air beulaibh prep ⫹ gen before, in front
of
□
air beulaibh an taighe in front of
the house
□
chùm i an dreasa rithe
fhèin air beulaibh an sgàthain she held
the dress against herself in front of the
mirror
As with most compd preps, a poss adj in
used in Gaelic where a pers pron is
used in English air mo bheulaibh
before me air do bheulaibh before
you sing air a bheulaibh before him
air a beulaibh before her air ar beu-
laibh before us air ur beulaibh before
you pl & polite air am beulaibh
before them
□
chì thu, dìreach air do
bheulaibh, … you will see, directly in
front of you, …
beulchar, -aire a plausible
beum, -adh v taunt
beum, -a, -annan nm 1. blow, quip
□
thoir
beum sìos do debunk
□
a dh’aon bheum
expressly
□□
gun bheum do without prej-
udice to 2. sheaf of corn
□
beum eòrna
barley sheaf
beum-ceòl nm percussion
□
cluicheadair
beum chiùil percussionist b.-grèine nm
sunstroke b.-cluig nm knell b.-slèibhe nm
torrent, spate
□□
thuit beum-slèibhe on
bheinn a spate came down from the hill
beumadh, -aidh nm & vn of beum taunting
etc., taunt
beumail, -e a reproachful
beumnach, -aiche a sarcastic
□
“Tha mi
cinnteach às a sin,” ars esan gu beumnach
“I’m sure of that,” he said sarcastically
beur, bèire a caustic (of wit), sarcastic
□
rinn e aoirean a bha sgaiteach agus beur
he composed satires that were biting and
sarcastic
Beurla nf (sometimes Beurla Shasannach)
English (lang.)
□
Beurla Ghallda Scots
(lang.)
□
is ann am Beurla a bha e a’
bruidhinn he was speaking in English (lit.
it was in English that he was speaking)
□
chuireadh am Beurla iad they were put
into English
Beurla a English (in / concerning the
English language)
□
tha e air fear de na
bàird Bheurla as fheàrr air an t-saoghal he
is one of the best English poets in the world
Beurlachd, -an nf Anglicism
□
Beurlachd
ghrànnda an ugly Anglicism
beus a bass
beus-fhidheall nf cello, violoncello
beus, -a, -an nf character, demeanour,
moral, virtue
□
modhannan / lagh nam
beus ethics
beus-eòlas nm ethics
beusach, -aiche a decent, decorous,
mannerly, moral, virtuous
beusachd nf decency, modesty
□
deagh
bheusachd morality
beusail, -e a
□
see beusach
bh’ a shortened form of bha coming before
vowels e.g.… a bh’ ann … who was there
In formal work it should be written as
a bha ann etc.
Bh, A’ Bh. Mrs as in: a’ Bh. Nic a’
Phearsain (⫽ a’ Bhean-phòsta Nic a’
Phearsain) Mrs McPherson
bha past tense indep of the verb bi (q.v.)
was, were
bhàn adv down
□
see a-bhàn
bhana, -aichean nf van
bhàrr prep ⫹ gen from, down from, off
□
bhàrr na sgeilpe off the shelf thug e an
tuagh mhòr bhàrr a ghuailne he took the
great axe down from his shoulder
bhàsa, -aichean nm vase
bhatar past tense indep of the impers form
of bi (q.v.) it was being
Bhatarsach, -aich, -aich nm native of
Vatersay
Bhatarsach a of, belonging to or pertain-
ing to Vatersay
bhathas past tense indep of the impers
form of the verb bi (q.v.)
bheil present tense dep of the verb bi
(q.v.)
□
a bheil thu? are you…?
□
a bheil
e…?is he / it …? etc.
bheilear present tense dep of the impers
form of the verb bi (q.v.)
Bheiniseach a Venetian
bheir 1. fut tense indep of thoir irreg v
(q.v.) 2. see also beir, beirsinn / breith
irreg v
bheireadh 1. 2nd & 3rd pers imperf / cond
tense of thoir (q.v.) 2. 2nd & 3rd pers
imperf / cond tense of beir (q.v.)
bheirear fut pass of thoir (q.v.) shall / will
be given
bheirinn 1. 1st pers imperf / cond tense
act of thoir (q.v.) 2. 1st pers imperf / cond
tense act of beir (q.v.)
bhermilean, -ein nm vermilion
bhidio, -othan nm video
□
bidh bhidiothan
an lùib a’ phrògraim there will be videos
associated with the programme
bhiocùna nm vicuna
bhite alt form of imperf / cond tense of the
impers form of bi (q.v.)
bhith, a bhith inf form of bi (q.v.) to be
bhithear fut pass of the impers form of bi
(q.v.) will / shall be being
bhithist alt form of imperf / cond tense of
the impers form of bi (q.v.)
beulchar 74
bho prep⫹ dat ⫹ len from
□
also found
in the form o (q.v.)
The prep prons are formed thus: bhuam
from me bhuat from you bhuaithe
from him / it masc bhuaipe from her /
it fem bhuainn from us bhuaibh from
you pl & polite bhuapa from them
The emph forms of these are: bhuamsa,
bhuatsa, bhuaithe-san, bhuaipse,
bhuainne, bhuaibhse, bhuapasan
The prep poss adjs are usually used in
uncontracted form: bho mo from my
bho do from your etc. – though a con-
tracted form may be employed (though
not recommended in writing)
□
mar
gum bitheadh cudrom air èirigh bhom
fheòil as if a weight had risen from my
flesh
Examples: bho muigh extraneous
□
bho
dhoras gu doras from door to door
□
note also: bha companaidh bho chom-
panaidh a’ tuiteam company after
company was falling
□
… bailtean-
fearainn a gheibh iad bith-beò math
bhuapa … farms from which they get a
good living
□
… mu mhìle gu leth
a dh’astar bhuam … about a mile and
a half [of distance] from me
□
bidh
iongantas ort litir fhaighinn bhuamsa
you will be surprised to get a letter
from me
□
bha mi eòlach gu leòr air
fhaicinn bhuam I knew him well
enough by sight (lit. I was sufficiently
acquainted on him to see from me)
□
bhiodh e a’ faicinn Màiri bhuaithe
uaireannan he would sometimes see
Mary at a distance
□
chan fhairich
sinn bhuainn nì nach robh againn we
shall not miss what we did not have
(lit. feel from us a thing that was not at
us)
□
co bhuaithe? from whom?
□
cò shùilicheadh an fhreagairt seo
bhuaithe? who would have expected
this reply from him?
□
… mar a
shùilicheadh sinn bhuaithe… as we
would expect from it / him
□
tha mi
an dòchas gun cluinn mi bhuaibh a
dh’aithghearr I hope I hear from you
soon (i.e. hoping to hear etc.)
□
but
note also: ge air bith a bha aige no a
bha bhuaithe whatever he had or
didn’t have
□
chan fhairicheadh e an
t-airgead bhuaithe he wouldn’t miss
the money
bhuaithe is also used frequently as an
adv
□
tha na bailtean seo air a dhol
bhuaithe these townships have
declined
□
bha i air a dhol bhuaithe /
bha i air tuiteam bhuaithe she had
declined, gone downhill
□
thuige ’s
bhuaithe off and on
□
but note also:
bhuaithe sin from that (see App. 6
Pronouns Sect. 7.0)
bho is also used as an adv, conj and
prep all meaning ‘since’
□
see o
bhod prep poss adj formed from bho (q.v.)
from your sing
bhòidse, -ean nf voyage
bholcànach a volcanic
bholcàno, -othan nm volcano
bhom prep poss adj formed from bho (q.v.)
1. (⫹ len) from my 2. without len and
before b, f, m, p from their
bhon 1. prep poss adj formed from bho
(q.v.) from their 2. a combination of bho
(q.v.) and the def art from the
bhos
□
see a-bhos adv
bhos
□
see os prep
bhòta, -aichean nf vote
□
thoir bhòta vote
v
□
iarr bhòtaichean canvass
□
also bhòt
bhòtadh, -aidh nm ballot, polling
□
dèan
bhòtadh vote v
□
pàipear bhòtaidh a voting
paper
□
stèisean bhòtaidh a polling station
bhòt-misneachd nm a vote of confidence
□
fhuair sinn bhòt-misneachd cudthromach
bho … we received an important vote of
confidence from …
bhuaibh / bhuainn / bhuaipe / bhuaithe /
bhuam / bhuapa / bhuat
□
pers prons
formed from bho (q.v.)
bhur poss adj your pl & polite
□
foll. by
n- before a vowel
□
bhur n-aodach your
clothes (also ur)
bhuruca, -an nm verruca
75 bhuruca
bi irreg v be, exist
□
this verb is irreg in
the present and past tenses and is the
only Gaelic verb to have a true present
tense
ACTIVE VOICE:
Present tense
1. Indep.: tha mi I am tha thu you
are tha e he is etc.
2. Dep.: a bheil thu? are you?
a bheil i is she? etc.
Past tense
1. Indep.: bha mi I was bha iad they
were bha sibh you pl & polite
were etc.
2. Dep.: an robh e? was he an robh
thu? were you? an robh sinn were
we? etc.
Future tense
1. Indep.: bithidh mi I shall / will
be bithidh thu you shall / will
be etc.
□
note that some people use
the form bidh when the verb is
accompanied by a pron e.g. bidh
mi I shall be, and bithidh only
when indicating ‘yes’
□
am bi thu
aig a’chèilidh? bithidh will you be
at the ceilidh? yes
2. Dep.: am bi thu? will you be?
cha bhi iad they won’t be nach bi
sinn? won’t we be? etc.
Relative Future ma bhitheas tu if you
will be ged bhitheas e though he will
be etc.
Imperfect / conditional tense
1. Indep.: bhithinn I would be bhit-
headh tu you would be bhitheadh
e / i he / she would be bhithea-
maid / bhitheadh sinn we would
be bhitheadh sibh you pl & polite
would be bhitheadh iad they would
be
□□
note that neither bhithinn
nor bhitheamaid require pers
prons 2. Dep.: am bithinn? would
I be? am bitheadh tu? would
you be? cha bhitheadh i she
wouldn’t be nach bitheadh e?
wouldn’t he be? etc. Note that
bhitheamaid / bitheamaid may
be found as bhiomaid / biomaid
Imperative mood
bitheam let me be bi be bitheadh e / i
let him / her / it be bitheamaid / bio-
maid let us be bithibh be pl & polite
bitheadh iad let them be
Verbal Noun bhith to be (always
lenited)
In addition, the verb bi has a special
form called the Impersonal Form
which is used as a kind of Passive
Voice. The Impersonal Forms, unfortu-
nately, have three versions, but are
generally given as follows:
IMPERSONAL FORM:
Present tense
1. Indep.: thatar / thathar / thathas
it is being
2. Dep.: am beilear? / am beileas?
(also a bheilear? / a bheileas?) is
it being? chan eilear / chan eileas
it isn’t being nach eilear? / nach
eileas? isn’t it being?
Past tense
1.
Indep.: bhatar / bhathar / bhathas
it was being
2. Dep.: an robhas? / an robhar?
was it being? cha robhas / cha
robhar it wasn’t being nach
robhas? / nach robhar wasn’t it
being?
□
of these, robhas appears
to be much the commoner
Future tense
1. Indep.: bithear / bitheas / bitear it
will be
2. Dep.: am bithear? am biteas? / am
bitear? / will it be? cha bhithear /
cha bhiteas / cha bhitear it won’t
be nach bithear? / nach biteas? /
nach bitear? won’t it be?
□
unlike
robhas etc. above, the form bithear
appears to be most common
Imperfect / conditional tense
1. Indep.:bhit(eadh) would be
2. Dep.: am bite(adh)? would… be?
cha bhite(adh) would not be
The verb bi is used:
3. to make simple, direct, positive or
negative statements, or to ask sim-
ple, direct, positive or negative
questions
□
tha mi sgìth I’m tired
□
a bheil an tì fuar? tha is the tea
cold? yes
□
chan eil e math idir
he’s not well at all / not at all well
□
nach eil thu sgìth a-nise? chan
eil
□
aren’t you tired now? no
□
bha am brot ro theth the broth was
too hot
□
an robh iad aig a’
chèilidh? were they at the ceilidh?
□
cha robh duine ann there was
nobody there
□
nach robh iad aig
an taigh? bha weren’t they at
home? yes
□
bithidh mi air ais a
dh’aithghearr I’ll be back soon
□
am bi e ag obair a-màireach?
bithidh will he be working tomor-
row? yes
□
nach bi e anns an t-
sabhal? cha bhi won’t he be in the
barn? no 2. to make indirect, posi-
tive or negative statements, or to
bhuruca 76
ask indirect, positive or negative
questions
□
tha e ag ràdh gum bi e
air ais a dh’aithghearr he says he
will be back soon
□
tha i a’
smaoineachadh gun robh e ag
obair ann an Sasainn she thinks
(that) he was working in England
□
cha do smaoinich mi gum bitheadh
e deònach sin a dhèanamh I didn’t
think he would be willing to do
that
□
dh’fhaighnich e dhiom an
robh mi trang he asked me if I was
busy
□
seo far am bi sinn a’
fuireach this is where we shall be
staying
□
a bheil fhios agad càit[e]
a bheil oifis a’ phuist? do you
know where the post office is?
□
fhreagair mi nach robh mi eòlach
oirre I replied that I was not
acquainted with her
□
ghluais mi
a’ chathair a chum ’s nach biodh
duine sam bith a’ tuiteam thairis
oirre I moved the chair so that
nobody would fall over it
4. to postulate a state or condition, in
which case it is accompanied by
the prep pron ann
□
tha an t-uisge
ann it’s raining
□
a bheil càise
ann? is there any cheese?
□
cha
robh ìm no càise ann there was no
butter or cheese
5. to state that someone or something
belongs to an occupation or class,
in which case it is accompanied by
the appropriate prep poss adj
formed from the prep ann
□
bha e
na shaighdear he was a soldier
□
tha e na sgoilear math he’s a good
scholar
□
dè tha gu bhith annad
nuair a dh’fhàsas tu suas? what are
you going to be when you grow up?
□
tha mise gu bhith nam sheòladair
I’m going to be a sailor
□
bha i na
banaltram she was a nurse
6. to form compound tenses indicat-
ing continuous action, by being
linked to an appropriate verbal
noun: (a) the vn is preceded by a’
(an abbr. form of ag, which is, in
turn, a shortened form of aig, at) or
ag before vowels or (commonly)
before ràdh saying
□
tha iad a’
coiseachd they are walking
□
bha
sinn ag obair we were working
□
dè bha e ag ràdh? what was he say-
ing?
□
bithidh iad a’tighinn air ais
a dh’aithghearr they’ll be coming
back soon
□
bhitheadh e daonnan
a’ gearan he used to be (lit. would
be) always complaining
□
càit[e] a
bheil iad a’ dol? where are they
going? (b) a few vn’s indicating
continuous / sustained action are
preceded by a prep pron formed
from ann instead of a’
□
a bheil e
na chadal? is he sleeping? (lit. is
he in his sleeping)
□
bha i na
suidhe aig an doras she was sitting
at the door
□
bidh e na shìneadh
he’ll be lying down
□
bha sinn uile
nar seasamh air an rathad we were
all standing on the road
□
bha a’
chlann nan ruith the children were
running (ruith is the only instance
where this usage is not obligatory
i.e. you could have: bha a’ chlann
a’ ruith the children were running)
(c) nouns governed by the vn are
traditionally in the gen case, but, in
practice, nowadays only def nouns
are in the gen case, indef nouns
being in the nom case
□
tha e a’
leagail na craoibhe he is cutting
down the tree
□
bha e a’ leagail
craobh he was cutting down a tree
□
tha i a’ glanadh na h-uinneig[e]
she is cleaning the window
□
bha i
a’ glanadh uinneag she was clean-
ing a window
Verbal noun: feumaidh mi [a] bhith
dhachaigh aig lethuair an dèidh deich
I must be home at half past ten
□
…
airson na molaidhean sin a thoirt gu
bith … to bring these recommenda-
tions into being
□
’s e obair luachmhor
a tha iad a’ dèanamh ann a bhith a’
clò-bhualadh an stuth seo they are
doing valuable work in printing this
material
□
an dèidh do leanabh a bhith
aca after they had a child / after [they]
having a child
□
le bhith ga ath-aithris
by dint of repeating it
□
bha seo tòrr na
b’fheàrr na bhith aig an taigh this was
a lot better than being at home
gu bhith almost
□
tha mi gu bhith dei-
seil I am almost finished
□
tha e gu
bhith lethuair an dèidh [a] dhà it is
almost half past two
Impersonal form: tha e a’ cur iomagain
orra mar a thatar a’ sìor fhalbh le
talamh na mòintich the way in which
77 bhuruca
moorland is continually being eroded
is causing them anxiety (lit. it is put-
ting anxiety on them how is continu-
ally being gone away with [the] land of
the moor)
□
thathar a’ coimhead air-
son neach-teagaisg Gàidhlig a Gaelic
teacher is being sought (lit. is being
looked for a Gaelic teacher)
□
thathar
a’cur às leth na turasachd gu bheil i a’
truailleadh na h-àrainneachd tourism
is accused of polluting the environ-
ment
□
thathar a’ dèanamh obair
ionmholta a-cheana praiseworthy
work is already being done
□
am feum
a thatar a’ dèanamh dhith the use that
is being made of it fem
□
an e gu
bheilear an dòchas gu mair seo deich
no fichead bliadhna? is it hoped that
this will last for ten or twenty years?
□
mòran nithean ris a bheilear a’ gab-
hail gu nàdarrach many things which
are taken for granted (lit. taken natu-
rally)
□
…anns a bheilear ga chumail…
in which it masc is being kept
□
na
sgoiltean anns a bheilear ga teasgasg
the schools in which it fem is [being]
taught
□
chan eileas ag ràdh càit an
d’fhuair iad e it isn’t stated where
they got them
□
nuair a bhathas ag
ullachadh an leabhair seo … when this
book was being prepared…
□
innis dè
am feum a bhatar no a bhithear a’
dèanamh dhiubh say what use was or
is (will be) made of them
□
chuala mi
gun robhar a’ dol a ghairm a’ phoileis
I heard that the police were going to be
called
□
bhiodhtar ga fhaicinn sa
mhonadh he used to be seen on, (lit. in)
the moor
□
thuirt e gun robhas a’ dol
ga mhort he said that he was going to
be murdered
meadhan-latha lunch
□
biadh is deoch
refreshment
□
gabh do bhiadh take your
food / meal
□
fhad ’s a bha e a’ gabhail
a bhiadh while he was having his meal
□
bha sinn nar suidhe mu thimcheall bòrd a’
bhidhe we were sitting round the meal
table
□
nuair a bha am biadh gann when
food was scarce
□
tha iad ag ithe cus den
bhiadh cheàrr they eat too much of the
wrong food
□
tha cion an uisge agus a’
bhidhe ann there is a lack of [the] water
and [the] food
□
for the use of the def art
in the foregoing, see App. 2 Sect. 4.3
biadh-an-t-sionaidh nm sedum b.-eòinein
nm wood sorrel b.-maidne nm breakfast
b.-roinn nf commissariat
biadhadh, -aidh nm & vn of biadh feeding
etc., bait
□
cuir biadhadh air bait v
biadhchar, -aire a fruitful, productive
biadhlann, -ainn, -an nf canteen, refectory
biadhta pp1.fatted
□
laogh biadhta a fatted
calf 2. baited
□
lìon biadhta a baited line
bian, bèine, bèin nm fur, pelt, skin (of
animals)
□
bian coinein a rabbit’s skin
□
bian fèidh deerskin
□
fo na bèin troma
under the heavy furs
□
bha e na laighe air
bian a’ mhath-ghamhainn he was lying on
the bearskin
bian-cheannaiche nm furrier
biast, bèist, -an nf beast biastan pl
also ⫽ pests
□
see also bèist nf
biast-dhubh nf otter
biastail, -e bestial
biathte
□
see biadhta
bìd, bìdil v chirp
□
bha na h-eoin a’ bìdil
anns na preasan the birds were chirping in
the bushes
□
rinn e seòrsa de bhìdil he
made a sort of chirping noise
bìd, -eadh v bite
□
cha bhìd e thu he won’t
bite you
bìdeach, -iche a biting, snapping
□
thàinig i a-steach, is coin bhìdeach ga
leanntainn she entered, followed by snap-
ping dogs
bìdeadh, -idh nm & vn of bìd biting, bite
bìdeag, -eige, -an nf bit, morsel, shred,
scrap, small piece
bidean, -ein, -an nm pinnacle, point, summit
bìdeil
□
see bìdil
bidhe / bìdh
□
gen sing of biadh food
bìdil, -e nf & vn of bìd chirping
bidse, -eachan nf bitch (used pejoratively)
big 1. gen sing and nom & dat pl of beag
nm 2. (lenited) dat fem form of beag
big! big! chick! chick! (a call to hens)
bige 1. nf pettiness 2. comp of beag (also
lugha)
biadh 78
biadh, -adh v bait (lines etc.), feed, nourish
□
a’ biadhadh nan cearc feeding the hens
□
bhiadhadh na boireannaich na lìn an
oidhche roimhe le feusgain the women
used to bait the lines the previous night
with mussels
□
feuch gum biadh thu an cat
see that you feed the cat
□
a’ biadhadh
nam freumhan nourishing the roots
biadh, bidhe / bìdh nm food, fare, feed,
meal, menu, provender, repast, viand,
victual
□
clàr bìdh buffet
□
bha / dh’fhan
e gun bhiadh he went hungry
□
biadh
bigead, -eid nm littleness
bìgeil
□
see bìdil
bigein nm any small bird
□
usually used in
names as follows:
bigein-Brìghde nm linnet
bigein-mòr nm black shore lark
bigein-sneachda nm little snow bunting
bil nf
□
see bile nf
bile, -ean nf brim, lip, rim
bile-bhuidhe nf corn marigold
□
… far an
robh a’bhile-bhuidhe a’fàs gu lìonmhor…
where the corn marigold was growing
prolificly
bile, -ean nm bill (Parl.)
□
tha bile a’ dol
tron Phàrlamaid a bill is going through
Parliament
bileach a lipped
bileach-losgainn, a’bhileach-losgainn nf
burnet (plant)
bileag, -eige, -an nf 1. blade (of grass
etc.) 2. bill, account, label, leaflet, pam-
phlet, ticket
□
bidh iad a’ foillseachadh
leabhraichean is bhileagan they publish
books and leaflets
□
bileag iarrtais
demand notice
□
fear togail bhileagan
ticket-collector
□
bileag tuarastail wages
slip
□
bileag stiallach tear-off slip
□
cuir
bileag air label v
bileag-cead nf permit b.-ceusa nf luggage
label b.-bhàite nf water-lily (see duilleag-
bhàite nf ) b.-fiosrachaidh nf label
b.-phàrcaidh nf parking-ticket
□
bidh e
a’ faighinn bileagan-pàrcaidh a h-uile
seachdain he gets parking tickets every
week
bileagadh, -aidh nm labelling
□
is ann an
seo a nì sinn am bileagadh it’s here we do
the labelling
bilearach, -aich nm sweet sea-grass
billean, -ein, -an nm billion
bine, -eachan nf bin
□
a’ togail nam
bineachan lifting the bins
□
also biona
binid, -e nf rennet
binn, -e nf award (legal), decision, doom,
judgment (jud.), sentence
□
thoir binn sen-
tence
□
thoir a-mach binn judge
□
thug iad
seachad am binn they gave their judge-
ment / decision / verdict
□
is ann oirnn a
thàinig a’bhinn a thoirt gu buil it fell to us
to carry out the sentence
□
thoir binn
a-mach air pronounce judgement on
□
faigh binn receive judgement
binn, -e a dulcet, melodious, musical,
sweet (of sound), tuneful
binndeachadh, -aidh nm & vn of binndich
coagulating etc., coagulation
binndich, -eachadh v coagulate, curdle
binnean, -ein, -an nm (also binnein in
nom) apex, height, peak, pinnacle, point
(of hill), spire, vertex
binneanach a peaked, pinnacled
□
am
measg beanntan binneanach na
Gaidhealtachd among the pinnacled
mountains of the Highlands
□
for the use
of beanntan here rather than beann see
App. 3 Sect. 2.3 (f )
binneas, -eis nm melody, sweetness (of
sound)
Bìoball, -aill, -aill nm Bible
□
am Bìoball
Laidinn the Vulgate
□
leugh e rudeigin às
a’ Bhìoball he read something from the
Bible
biocair, -ean nm vicar
biocant, -aint, -aint nm viscount
biocar, -air-an nm beaker
biod, air bhiod adv agog, full of excite-
ment, on tenterhooks
□
bha a h-uile duine
air bhiod gu faighinn air ais everyone was
on tenterhooks to get back
bìodach, -aiche a diminutive, tiny
biodag, -aige, -an nf dagger, dirk
bìog, -a, -an nm chirp, squeak
bìogail, -e nf chirp, chirping
□
dèan bìogail
chirp v
bìogarra a churlish, mean
bìogarrachd nf churlishness, meanness
biolair, -e nf cress, watercress
biomaid / bhiomaid
□
see bitheamaid /
bhitheamaid under bi
biona, -achan nm bin
□
also bine
biona-stùir nm dustbin
bior, -adh v prick, sting
bior, -a, -an nm cusp (of a tooth), pin (knit-
ting pin), prick, prickle, prong, skewer,
spike, spit (for roasting)
□
faigh bior ann
prick
□
fhuair e bior na mheòir he got
a splinter / thorn in his finger
□
also see
bioran
bior, air bhior adv on tenterhooks
□
cumaidh an sgeulachd seo air bhior thu
this story will keep you on tenterhooks
bior-fhiacal nm toothpick b.-greasaidh nm
goad b.-ròstaidh nm spit (for roasting)
□
bha damh mòr ga thionndadh air bior-
ròstaidh a huge ox was being turned on
a spit b.-tomhais nm probe
biorach, -aich, -aichean nf dogfish
□
tha a’
bhiorach dèidheil air an rionnach the
dogfish is fond of mackerel
biorach, -aiche a piercing, pointed, prickly,
sharp
□
aig bàrr a shròin bioraich at the
tip of his pointed nose
□
bha iad a’casadh
am fiaclan biorach they were gnashing
their pointed teeth
□
bha a’ghaoth biorach
79 biorach
the wind was piercing
□
bha sùilean beaga
biorach aige he had sharp little eyes
□
duilleagan biorach cuillinn prickly holly
leaves
bioradh, -aidh nm & vn of bior stinging etc.
biorag-lodain nf stickleback
exist
□
ach rachadh na creutairean sin
ri tìm à bith but these creatures would
in time cease to exist
□
… a tha a-nise
air a dhol à bith … which has now
gone out of existence
□
tha buidheann
ùr air tighinn am bith a new group has
come into being
□
thoir gu bith evolve
trans
□
… na bithean oillteil a bha nan
dèidh … the dreadful beings that were
after them
sam bith / air bith any
□
the phrases air
bith / sam bith, and the similar ones
following, are from the word bith
‘existence’ – thus the real meaning is
‘in existence / in the world’ – these are
used to form indef prons, but please
note also that many variations / combi-
nations exist, and not all may be shown
here
□
àm air bith whenever
□
cò air
bith whoever, whoever in the world
□
cò air bith a rinn seo, tha e gòrach
whoever did this [he] is silly
□
ciod /
cia air bith whatever / whichever
□
ge
be air bith whatever
□
ge be air bith
càite wherever
□
ge be air bith an e
iasgair no tuathanach a th’ann
whether he is a fisherman or a farmer
□
aon / fear sam bith
□
any
□
duine /
fear / neach sam bith anyone
□
àite
sam bith anywhere
as bith indef pron whatever, whatsoever
□
tha seo nas cumanta am measg nan
Sìneach, as bith carson this is more
common among the Chinese, for what-
ever reason (lit. whatever why)
□
see
as bith under as
When bith is used with preceding neg
or implied neg it may mean ‘no,
nobody’, nothing’ thus: rud sam bith
anything
□
chan eil rud sam bith agam
I haven’t anything (at all) / I have noth-
ing (at all)
□
chan eil feum air bith …
there is no use …
bith-beò nf livelihood, subsistence
b.-bhuan a eternal, everlasting
b.-bhuantachd nf eternity
□
bha an
t-seachdain a’ sìneadh roimhe mar
bhith-bhuantachd the week was
stretching before him like an eternity
b.-cheimiceach a biochemical
b.-cheimiceachd nf biochemistry b.-
cheimicear nm biochemist b.-chruinne
nm biosphere b.-eòlaiche a biologist
b.-eòlas nm biology b.-eòlasach a bio-
logical b.-ghnìomhair nm substantive
verb
bioradh 80
bioran, -ain, -ain / -an nm anything
small and pointed such as a goad etc.
bioran (fuilt) hairpin
□
bioran aide
hatpin
□
bioran fhiaclan toothpick
□
bha bioran laiste aige na làimh he had
a lighted stick in his hand
air bhioran adv on tenterhooks
□
bha
an dithis aca air bhioran gu falbh the
two of them were on tenterhooks to
leave
□
also air bhior
bioran-druma nm drumstick b.-fuilt
nm hairpin b.-grìosaich nm poker
biorg, -adh v twitch bha a làmhan a’
biorgadh gu luasganach his hands were
twitching unsteadily
biorgadh, -aidh, -aidhean nm & vn of
biorg twitching, twinge, twitch
biorra-crùidein nm kingfisher
biorramaid, -ean nf pyramid
biorramaideach a pyramidical
biorsamaid, -ean nf steelyard (for weighing)
biota nf churn, wooden pail, pitcher
biota-bhùirn nf water-pitcher
biotailt nm victuals
biotais nm beet biotais siùcair sugar-beet
biotas, -ais nm
□
see biotais
birlinn, -ean nf galley, rowing barge
birtich, -eachadh v. excite
bìth, -e nf bitumen, gum, pitch, tar
□
bha i
(an oidhche) cho dorcha ris a’bhìth it (the
night) was as dark as pitch
bith nf hatred
□
bha bith aca dha airson na
rinn e they hated him for what he did / had
done
□
le bith na chridhe dh’fhàg e am baile
with hatred in his heart he left the town
bith a quiet
□
bha iad cho bith they were so
quiet
bith, ean nf being, creature, entity, exis-
tence
□
à bith extinct
□
cuir à bith
abolish, do away with
□
am bu chòir a’
chroich a chur à bith ought the gallows
be abolished / done away with?
□
rach
à bith go out of existence, cease to
bìtheach a bituminous
bìtheachadh, -aidh nm & vn of bìthich
gumming
bìtheadh nm tarring (also tearradh nm)
bitheadh 1. 3rd pers sing & pl imp mood of
bi the verb ‘be’ (q.v.)
□
bitheadh i / e may
he / she / it be, let him / her / it be
□
bitheadh sin mar a dh’fhaodas e be that as
it may 2. 3rd pers sing & pl dep form of
the imperf / cond tense of bi the verb ‘be’
(q.v.)
□
mur bitheadh iad air am faiceall if
they were not careful
bitheag, -eige, -an nf germ, microbe
bitheanta a common
□
cha robh fhios
agam gun robh an cleachdadh seo cho
bitheanta I didn’t know that this usage was
so common
□
bha iad gu math na bu
bhitheanta na tha iad an-diugh they were
rather more common than they are today
□
… ach mar a thachras gu bitheanta…
but, as frequently / commonly hap-
pens …
□
… mar as bitheanta an seo as is
common here
bitheantas, -ais nm frequency, common-
ness
□
am bitheantas frequently, commonly,
generally
bithear fut tense of the impers form of bi
(q.v.)
□
bithear gan cur air chois air feadh
Alba they will be set up throughout
Scotland
bitheil a existential
□
bha e a’ cnuasachd
air na h-imcheistean bitheil as doimhne he
was pondering the most profound existen-
tial problems
bìthich, -eachadh v gum
biùc / biùchd
□
same as biùg
□
cha robh
Murchadh a’ faighinn biùchd aiste Murdo
wasn’t getting a cheep from it
biùg nm indec very small sound, cheep,
squeak
□
dh’fheuch mi an dùdach ach aon
bhiùg cha tigeadh aiste I tried the horn,
but not one cheep would come from it
□
also bìog and bìd
biùgan, -ain, -ain / -an nm small lamp,
torch ri solas a’bhiùgain in the light of the
lamp
biùro, -othan nm bureau
□
thàinig
duine bhon bhiùro a man from the bureau
came
biurògrasaidh nm bureaucracy
□
gheib-
hear seo ann am biurògrasaidh sam bith
this will be found in any bureaucracy
blabar, -air nm broken sea, wavelets
continually breaking
blad, -aid, -aid nm mouth, face
blaghastair, -ean nm blockhead, dolt,
half-wit
blaigeard, -aird, -an nm blackguard
blais, blasad / blasadh v taste
□
… mun
do bhlaiseadh air greim bidhe … before
a bite of food was tasted (lit. before was
tasted on a bite of food)
□
sin a’chiad uair
riamh a bhlais mi air a’ mheas seo this
was the first time ever that I had tasted this
fruit
blaiseag, -eige, -an nf sip
□
thug e blaiseag
às he took a sip out of it
blaiseamachd nf & vn of blaiseamaich
smacking the lips
blaiseamaich, blaiseamachd v smack
the lips
blaomadaich nf ranting
blaomaire, -ean nm blusterer
blaomastair, -ean nm
□
same as blaghastair
blàr, -air, -air / -an nm earlier meaning was
field, now usually field of battle / battle-
field and hence battle
□
Blàr Chùil-lodair
the Battle of Culloden
□
Blàr Allt nam
Bonnach the Battle of Bannockburn
□
Blàr a’Bhraighe Battle of the Braes
□
Blàr
na h-Eaglaise Brice the Battle of Falkirk
□
an dèidh a bhith ri uchd a’ bhlàir after
being in the thick of battle
□
blàr fuilteach
a bloody battle
□
cuir blàr ri cuideigin
engage somebody in battle
□
… los blàr a
chur ri Tearlach…(in order) to engage
Charles in battle
□
common in place
names
□
see App. 12 Sect.4.0 List of pla-
cenames – Scotland
blàr-a-muigh, air a’ bhlàr-a-muigh adv
outdoor(s), al fresco
□
bha an linne-
snàimh air a’bhlàr-a-muigh the swimming
pool was out of doors
□
an linne-snàimh
a bha air a’bhlàr-a-muigh the outdoor
swimming pool
□
chum iad seirbhis air a’
bhlàr-a-muigh they held a service in
the open air / an open-air service
blàr, -air, -air / -an nm blaze (on animal’s
face or on a tree)
blàr, -adh v blaze (roughly hew a tree)
blàradh, -aidh nm & vn of blàr blazing,
blaze (on a tree etc.)
blàran, -ain, -an nm open space
blàran-coille nm glade
blas, -ais nm accent (ling.- in speech),
flavour, gusto, relish, savour, taste
□
feuch blas savour
□
gun bhlas uninspi-
red
□
dh’aithnich mi blas nan Eilean air
a theanga I recognised the accent of
the Islands on his tongue
□
bha blas
Sasannach orra uile they all had an
English accent
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droch bhlas distaste
□
blas geur tang
□
ghabh sinn blas a’ chna-
gain / chrogain dhiubh we felt a distaste
for them
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tha blas neònach air a’bhainne
seo this milk has a funny taste
□
dè am
81 blas