Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-INSTRUCTIOX

IRISH.

il^^'''

a youngster.

C*eAttb-bt\ArAi|t,

(pr.

dherwrd-

her)

brother.

'FeAn,

a man.

Haic,

a prince,

king.

l^eAn-oAoL

a male

relative.

10.

2I)ac,

a son.

Names

ofbruies.

11.

bAttbAll, a drake.

12.

SeA|iriAc,

young

colt ; a foal.

brion^Ac, a

colt.

13. CapaU,

a pack horse,

hack;

Gr.

y.cc^a.hn<;

;

Latin, cdballus.

5-a]l,

a horse.

5eAtiTUvn, a horse ; from the

verb

5e;\|i|iA&.

14.

CóilleAc,

a cock

(I after

]

is li-

quid,

like I

William); as if

irom

co;U,

watch, attend ; and

ceAc,

a house

; Latin, galius.

15. CoUac,

boar.

16.

1=1 AÓ,

a stag,

a hart.

17. 3An&AU,

gander.

18.

S^Ajir,

;

bsn).

a steer.

19. Rexe,

a ram.

20.

CAi^b, a

bull.

Names

derived

from

offices

peculiar

men.

CeAnr)U'6e,

merchant

;

Heb.,

kentyan,

a merchant.

CUvbAitte,

babbler

; from clAb,

the

mouth

open.

C|;ui-uioro;Tt,

creator

; from

c^iuiUja,

create

;

root,

ctiur,

form

Cofii-om,

porter,

doorkeeper

;

from

t30|iur, a door;

Gr.,

St-^-a,

tlmra,

door,

File,

a poet.

3A&AIÓ, a thief;

from

50]&,

steal

thou.

?Í)ai)Ac,

a monk.

iOAticAc, a rider

;

from

^\)^\ic,

Oi5,

virgin

;

from

05,

young

;

AjoFirij

maiden

;

from

a]^,

suitable for,

and y:(iA\\, a man.

6. tieA|tb-f]Uit,

Cpr.

dhervhoor) a

sister.

6. beAf),

a woman.

bcAovlAic, a

princess.

8. l)eAf)-Ti;0oAr3, a queen

;

the

wife

of a

king.

Ui5-l:eAp,

Sovereign Queen

beAH-oAol,

female

relative.

10.

loseAi),

daughter.

Names

brutes.

1 1

Iaca, a duck.

12. SeA^iTVAc-lAiti,

fiUy,

t)rioti)AC-Uxin5 a

filly.

13.

ÍAiti,

mare.

CcAtic,

a hen.

15.

C|\iv;t), a sow.

16.

G,lic,

hind,

a roe; Greek

17. 3é,

goose.

IS.

ColpAc,

heifer.

19. Cv\oi\A, a

sheep.

20. bo, a cow.

Names

derived

from

offices

peculiar

to icomeii.

t)eAn-AlrnA,

a nurse

;

from

beAn, a

woman

;

(a prefix which, when

put

before noims, denotes

agent of

the female sex

;)

and

AlrfiA,

a nurse

;

which is itself

derived

from ajI, support thou.

CoTt)utirA,

neighbour, is feminine,

because it is

derived from

com,

together,

and

unrA,

support,

prop; which

is feminine.

Neighbours,

according

our

Irish notions,

ought to

lend

mutual aid to

each

other.

1'eA|\rA,

person,

feminine.

As it is a

word that

can be

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

old

Keltic

word,

signifying

"horse."

applied

to either

sex,

its

ter-

mination

causes

it to be

classed

with

those

that are feminine.

C]tiAi)o;&,

Trinity,

is a

feminine

noun,

its Latin and

French

equivalent,

Triiiitas,

Trinité,

account

the termination

the

word.

VOCABULAEY.

ÍISaUatÍ), a

dialogue

;

Gr.

a.Yyi>0\i.),

aggello,

I narrate.

i'lsAlUMt)

0,tíT)

A5urPArTiuic,

the

dialogue

Ossian and

St Patrick.

2l;on), a

name

;

in gi-ammar,

the

noun

;

Latin,

nomen.

2l|ci)!5,

know

(thou)

;

Ajcrji^reAit, is

known.

JlrijAjl,

;

from

which is

de-

rived

vAtijAil

;

Latin,

similis.

2lit)Uvó,

adv.,

so; in

that

manner;

from

Aiiuil

;

and

u;ó, way.

t>eAi)bA,

feminine

;

from

beAt),

woman

;

ftrj,

coming

together,

are

pronounced like

bejceAc,

a beast, a

brute

;

from

bejc,

existence

;

or,

bei^cujo,

feed

;

(Heb,,

Ti;n,

hehir,

brute,

from lyn, bahar,

to de-

vour.)

beutxlA,

(from

beul,

mouth

; and

fiíxé,

utter,)

a language,

speech,

dialect

;

Fr.,

^ja/Ve;-

;

Italian,

parlare,

to speak

;

srjAC-beufi-

lA,

the common

(Irish)

lan-

guage

;

beinxlA

t)A

b-^jUeAó,

the

language

of the

poets.

In mo-

dern

Irish,

beu|ilA,

means

the

English tongue,

and in

this

sense,

is used in

contradistmc-

tion

5AolA'5,

the

Irish

tongue,

Gaelic

;

as,

5A0

beuftlA,

5A15

5AoIa;5,

without

English

Irish.

S.\cx,

Saxon

;

placed

before

the word

beu^ilA,

defines

and

strengthens

its

meaning

; SACf-beurilA, Saxon-

tongue,

English;

5rieu5-beunlA,

Greek-tongue

;

lAi&)n,

Latin

;

FfVAifjcir,

French

;

Spi^ineAC,

Spanish

;

1ocA]lleAc,

Italian

;

!ilillAn)AnoAc,

German

;

GAb-

TtAc, Hebrew;

Cuntc;r,

Turkish

bo;r}(Oi)i),

adj.,

female;

from beAt),

woman

;

and

ofispring.

t>aAl5Ar,

duty

;

from

suaI,

due,

in-

herent

right,

law.

Coi-ceAf),

common,

public.

"OXwt,

warp

;

from

blue,

thick,

CaIaóa,

science

;

from

eol,

as if

eol.ir,

knowledge,

and

ujb,

way.

peAfiiiA,

masculine,

from

TreAn,

man.

PloftfiAtj,

male

;

from

T^eAti,

aman,

and

50.

Fofiur,

easy

;

Latin,

facile.

5r)é,

appearance,

distinction

;

sex.

5iiAii;n)éAti,

grammar;

which,

hke

its

equivalent

English,

French,

German,

and

Latin,

dei-ived from

the

Greek,

InnsAc,

woof.

lotol').

gender,

if from

\t)^\r,

teU,

and

offspring,

generation

;

ire;\|\-ir)r3

r).

mascidine

gender;

beAtjintoiOifeminine

gender.

le'5,

read

;

Latin, lerjé.

2f}euft,

size,

bulk,

uiunber

;

Tijeub,

how

many,

how

much

;

Tijeiib

inioin

At)

? how

many

gendei's

are

+Jaare

2f)ii)U5A&, explanation,

a Aote,

comment

;

from

njín,

fine

;

njin

make fine,

tleicé,

thmgs

;

the

plural

016.

1-tiIoiÓ-n»^0"»^,

prmcipal

parts;

from

pniori),

first,

principal

;

and

TiAn~A.

divisions,

parts

;

ttojt))!'),

divide.

RaoOa, also means

divisions.

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

SsttjoB,

write

;Lat.,

SCTvíié;

Welsh, I

sol, the

sun

;

rml,

the

mer

•

ysgriveny.

tal

eye; expectation,

Suil, the eye

;

roUif,

light ; Latiu,

S-'.st>, a

state,

EXERCISE XXVIII.

A DIALOGUE

BETWEEN

TWO STUDENTS.

1. ?t

?lUiX]tiT),

fiAib

A]5 ]'co|l, At)

]\\6l

bi6eAf

;

TDA^c

1)00)

beic

U\ A^t

h\z

fcojl.

3. M]

coiitbofeAjx

Ai|t

b|c, rr;A]x

civijt-fe,

bejc liv

fco]l

A5Uf

aijd a

currjAf

bejc

A^r).

Civ

^ujl

A5Arn

b-]iuil cu A]5

lei5eAÓ eAlv\6AD

ixjib?

2t3A]|'e,

i)]

b-pujlirn,

acc

ArnA]!}

lAb

1*0

cC\

coicceAt),

TT)A|t CÍV

i-jixjobAO,

lei5eA6,

cituTi:)e-

eoliqi*

A3uf

5|tAin)ir)éi|t,

v^eice

te't)

c-fAtiiA^l

]-it),

rrjAji

Aon

le ceAT)5A

S<.\c|--beiiixlA,

Ofieii^-beufilA,

TfiA]i;ci|*, A5uf

LAjbit).

eoluj-

A5Ab,

t)ac b-|:u]l,

ai|i

pit]orT)-|tAT)CAib

3AC.

beujilA bjob

fo,

y\i),

|:ior

A5Ab

aiji

|to]i)i;eA6

A5Uf Ai|t

tt7Íi)U5At)?

C<v;

out

-\y

yo]niy

^Ab

Ajc-

t)U5a6: c<v

i)ao|

]\o]v^Je

beuulA

auu

;

asuj*

bjob

|*o cii

]xo]m—

AT)

^]i)rn (noun) ^-^uy

at)

bpiACAift

(verb)—

rt)A[t

1t)i)eAc

A^uf

blue,

A15

cufi

5AC

con^ftAÓ

Ar)T)

cejle

(togetlaer)

;

ajuj*

t)]

Arjnf

17A

t^oiwib

e^le

acc tdaj»

be]óeA6 bAjc

A5ur

puntrr)

(as it were, colour and form).

C]^v^-)oy

TTj-beióeAÓ

p]Of

ATAb

ai|i

A^nrr)

yo]niy

Óiijije

y]oy

bt^ic

a]]x

; oi|i

aidit)

jac

i)i6

a b-pu]l

c|xiicu]5ce

;

i)ole

'[t b'

veibuxlii^ncujtVjtniJAO

A]r)nf]

; n7A|t

cAfbAUAÓ

(for example)

—

AiDrrjre

(names)

T^eAjt

a^ui*

bAt;

;

n)A]i

>lcuil, vt5ui[-c]n,

?llArr|xii),

%io\)-^uy,

C'.\orr)-T^e]X)

Co|xrt)AC, &^rr)o\),

^i]W]\, ^iirj^eAlo^,

r,o bAjtbA,

blACt)Ai6

170

Ci\]z;

t)o

Aii'if

Aii)rni;e A bAii)T)eA|-

(that appertain

to)

feAjtA^b

t;o

rnn<x]b,

cAob

i>buAl5ATr vo

cAob

a ]*cAb

;

rnA|t

civ

AcAjjt

A5UJ* mACAiTi;

rU'Ti

A5Uf

bfi^cAifi;

boitfojii,

^i^le,

Tt)Ai)Ac

;

^]vrnve

beAceAC,—CApAll,

Uvi|i,

]*eA|tAC,

CAjtb

;

Ann

aot)

yocAil,

A]r)tD

jac

v\6

cftucuijre

peibiji

buinn

cuiri)r)ii5A6,

Ainn)"

'].

10,

rrjeub

ini'Sl'^

Ann ?

11.

b->-u]l

ACC

iDfsin,

y]v

ye<\]i-]vyr^]ve

A-^ny

beAij-inrsiue ; asuj*

ca|iIa,

nAc

b-pu|l

nAbn|i

acc

biv

51;^

bujtjc,

fijiionn

A5uf

boimnt);

tt)a|i

3-ceAbnA

b-|iuil

A]5

Ainrnn^b

acc

biv

]vyS]V

—

peA|t6A

a5U|-

beAnÓA.

12.

Oc,

civ

if]oy

A5Arn

50 n;Aic

nAc b-|:uil

acc biv

^vy^\r,

nuA]ji

cA]i;ci|rnib

Ajji

b-Ainmnji^ ro

cujjteAf

5-c]aI'

92 SELF-

INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

6ii|r)u

i7eice

beo

;

acc

ijuaiji

qiAccrrjuib (we

treat)

aiji

ve]t]h

VAC

b-t^ujl

beo,

c^a

caoi

rv-hc}6

]:]oy A5A]I}I)

•^llM^rSl')

1:»^

b-Aiurtje

'i;uAift

t^^

b-pi]l 3t;é

A13

t3]6?

13.

béAftfTAí)

601111* bujc

A|)t ]*|i:) Ai)i)

Arn

e|le,

t)i

b-piiil pA^U

A5Afr)

1116.

14.

Ui)})

Alt)

e]5iD

ccacc

bejont-fe

A^uy

nje-i-e

5-cui&eAcc,

A5U|* hé]b

asaidd

corhttAÓ

A^jt

f3eul

ro-

15.

t)^8eA6

tdajx

y\r) (let it

so). 16.

?icc,

PAD

(stay),

Dio^i

IDDriSir

'^^"^ pocAjl

A^t

DOf

'|t

]:ep]]i

peA]t

eoluj*

-pi\5A|l

^tejo

aiji

3ac

b|tiACAit

cA]ilAf

A^|i,

ADD

5-cori)ftA6.

17.

Leif

y]r} (^Yith

that, withal)

beió

Atx)

A3AIDD A]ii, uA^ii eile;

di'I

ado^i*

yc^]\[

A^^n).

Jy ejsiD

&An;-|*A pjceAcc

; cA

CI03

a buAlAÓ.

SEVENTEENTH

LESSON.

ascertaining the gender

nouns

which

are names

common

males and

females, and

of those

which are names

inanimate

objects,

the entire difficulty

relative

to gender

in Irish rests. Inanimate objects have no sex,

and therefore,

their names in

English have no gender.

But in all

languages,

except

English, the names of

inanimate

objects

have a

gen-

der—masculine or

feminine

—

which is

known from,

and

regulated

by, the

termination

of the

noun. The gender,

in Irish nouns, is

known by the

same universal guide.

These terminations, therefore, which point out one class

nouns

feminine,

and

another

class as masculine, shall be

shown in the

following Rules.

Obs.

—The learner

shoukl know that the vowels

in Irish

are

divided into two

classes

(See

First Lesson,

Obs.

page

3),

called broad

and slender. The

broad

vowels,

a, o,

are pronounced not

only full and open, but

they

impart

the

consonants near

which

they

are placed a broad

sound.

the other hand

the slender

vowels,

pronounced

ac-

cording

to the notation

shown

Lesson the First, impart

tlie consonants

union Avith wdiich they

happen to be

pronounced, a

slender,

liquid

sound.

Not

only

the

vowels in

this way

affect the

consonants in unison with

which they are

sounded,

but they carry

their

assimilating

influence

the

beginning of

the next syllable, so as to

cause

the

first vowel

in the

adjoining

syllable

be of the

SELF-IJíSTRUCTIOX

IRISH.

same

class

{broad

or slender,)

as the

final

vowel

in the pre-

ceding

syllable.*

This distinction of vowels

into

hroad

and

sle/ider

—

leACAt)

A5ur

caoI

—

has never,

though resting on the first

principles of melody and euphony-

been

philosophically

treated,

nay, even

noticed by

English philologists.

Yet

its

use

is not foreign

the Saxon

tongue

;

for,

and

before the

broad vowels, a, o, u, axe pronounced—

like k

;

and

ff,

hard

;

as, c,

cat; cow;

cud;

11 gi

garden

;

gone

;

gun

;

while

before the

vowels

e, i, called

slender,

the

same consonants are pro-

noimced

soft:

cent

;

cider

;

gi/iGEP..

Rules for

knowing

the

gender

of those Irish nouns,

which are

names of inanimate objects.

[The exceptions

are in

the opposite

column.]

MASCULINE N'OUXS.

Eide

—

All nouns generally,

whe-

ther primitive, or derivative,

that

end in a single or double

consonant, immediately pre-

ceded

by one of the three

broad vowels

—

u—are

masculine

;

as,

r'^c,

a sack

;

bCvs, a boat ;

\oi,

lough

;

U'lb,

a button

;

í:ó&,

a sod

;

qox,

maimer

;

z(i]x,

a tower

;

cA\\h,

chariot,

coach,

litter,

basket

;

Ton^^V,

happiness,

prosperity

;

sooat,

ill-luck,

misery

,•

derived from the adj.

Tor)A,

happy, prosperous

;

borjA,

mihappy, bad, evil.

Eule

—All

verbal

nouns ending

in u^Ao, AS, eAó,

with

any

the broad

vowels imme-

diately preceding

the final

con-

sonant

or consonants

; as.

beAr)-

nUgAD, blessing

;

5nívóU5Aó,

loving

;

buoAo,

shutting

; rí-

oeAó,

stretching.

FEMI^^^-E

xouxs.

Exception

—All derivative

ab-

stract nouns that

end

in acc

(or AC») ;

as, ceAt)fAcr, mild-

ness

;

from

ceAovA,

mild

;

&ixr)Acc, boldness

;

from &Ar)A,

bold

; TTjilteAcc,

sweetness

;

from

ujilir,

sweet

;

(root,

npjl

;)

rAOTifAcc,

freedom

;

from

r^ott,

free

;

txi^eAcc, a

kingdom.

Exception

—Diminutives

ending

Ó5

(young)

;

as,

ciAjtós,

chafer

;

on&óá,

a thumb.

Exception

Some words of

one

syllable, a knowledge of

which

can only

by study

ac-

quired

;

as,

5T^lAr),

the

sun

;

cor,

afoot

;

Iait),

hand

;

rjeAn),

heaven

;

pjAr),

pain

;

r1-IJ^&,

mountain

;

ctieAb,

a tribe.

Exception

Verbal

noims

ending

with

a slender termination

;

as,

vuArsAilc,

redemption

;

peicnnr,

vision, sight

;

are

feminine.

The learned

reader

who wishes

to see

this subject

of vowel

assimilation,

will

fiuad it well

treated

the Atlantis,

Vol. I.

p. 77,

in an

article.

Influence

Physical

Causes on

Langwiges,

Myiliology, <i-c.,

K. Sullivan

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

[The

exceptions

are in the

opposite column.]

MASCULINE

NOUNS

Exception

1 to Rule

3.—Nouns

ending in

ójfx,

Aj^e,

ajó,

uió,

A]ie, which,

although

common

males and

females, im-

ply

offices

peculiar to men

(See

last Lesson).

Exception

—

Diminutives

ending

if)

are of

that gender

which

the nouns

from

which

they are

formed

belong

;

as,

cr)0]C]r),

m.,

a little

hill

;

from

crjoc,

m.,

and

coocAtjío,

very

little hill

;

from

cr)OCAti, a

hil-

lock;

leAbAtafr), m.

little book,

pamphlet;

from

leAbAft,

a book.

Exception

to Eule

4—

Nouns

derived

from

adjectives

the

nominative

case, are mas-

culine

feminine,

according

the

termination

;

the end-

ing is

broad,

the

noun is

mas-

culine

;

slender,

it is

femi-

nine

;

as,

Ar)

c-olc,

evil

;

At)

c-ruAiiac,

/.,

the

sweet;

beA5

ei^itt

Ar)

r.-olc

A'r

Ar)

n)Aic,

little

(difference)

exists be-

tween

the

good

and bad

;

ti)Aic

fern, according

to Rule 3.

noble,

VOCABULARY

Attached (fond

of), cuitiAriAc

attachment,

affection, cun)An

FEMININE NOUNS.

Rule

—

All nouns generally,

whe-

ther jirimitive

derivative,

that end

in a single or

double

consonant,

preceded

immedi-

ately by

one of the two

slender

vowels e or

are

feminine

;

as,

cin,

a country

; or)ó]fx,

honour

UAjtt,

an hour

;

uaiU,

howling

•

lAfAiTt,

a flame

;

from

\ax,

ig-

nite

; coif-cé]Ti),

a footstep.

Rule

—

Abstract nouns

formed

from

the

possessive

case singu-

lar

/cníiHÍwe

of adjectives,

are,

the stock from

which they

spring,

the feminine

gender;

as,

Ailr)e, beauty

;

from

Ailr)e,

for

Alujtie, more

beautiful

;

poss.

case, sing, fem, of

AUv|t),

beautiful

;

Ai)tbe,

height

;

from

Ai^ioe, more high, poss. case,

Bhig fem.,

Ario,

high

;

b)r)()e,

melody, sweetness of sound

;

from

b]r)r),

melodious ;

r)ior

b]r)r)e, more melodious

;

Vl^tje,

fairness; from

^jor),

fair;

5ile,

whiteness, from 50AI, white

;

UAirle,

nobility

: from uAfAl

from

con),

co, together ;

Latin,

cuvi, with

; and

ujejr),

mind.

Architect,

Aiib-clocAiite

;

r^oft-

ceAC

;

from

rAO)t

and ccac, a

house; Sso\x, free,

cheap

;

one

following the liberal

arts,

opposed to

{&AO)t) the state

bond-man. Its secondary

meaning

implies, one following

any

trade or

profession

;

and

in that sense

it is

much

used

a prefix.

Example : Sao)\-

ATT)U|h, a

joiner

;

rAO|i-cloice,

a mason

;

rAorx-cttAt),

a carpen-

ter

;

rJK^n-cAlniAr),

a husband-

man

;

tAO|v-teo]l,

a shipwright.

From

TAOfi,

is derived a great

number of

words of which it

may be well to instance a few

tAO[)\e,

a holiday—a

day

when

one is free from servile work

;

tAOiTxre,

freedom, cheap-

ness, immunity;

rAotifAcc,/,

the state of Ijeing free, cheap,

&c.

;

fAOfaTi,

handicraft

;

TAOfifAc,

freeman

;

rAoifi-

tCAcc,/., the act of working

at any trade, particularly that

of carpenter

;

tAoittUgAO,

m.,

labouring

;

TAOficuióe,

a la-

bourer

;

fAOTiCACAb,

nu,

toil,

tillage.

SELF-I^^STRrCTION

IN IRISH. 95

Carry,

t)Ann-Ai6

;

Castlebar,

Cuif-

leAr) A

bAfinAib,

Charity, CAriAncAcc,

f.;

from

cAp.A,

friend

; they are on

very

friendly relations

-with

each

other, cAp

AricAjitAOAcle

ce]le.

Communion,

coini

^;n,

f.; from

conj,

and Aon, one

•, miited in

one

;

the

Holy Communion, At)

Maoii)

ConjAojoeAc, (the Blessed

Sacrament).

City,

cAÍA'ia,

f.;

metropolis,

Atib-

cArAin.

f.; the

metropolis of

Ii-eland,

i^|\&-cACA]tt

t^A

\)-

CitieAt).

Christmas,

KorilAC,

m.;

from

Latin,

naialLs, birth

;

French,

7ioel

changed into

&,'

a letter

of the same organ

;

is,'

into

AC,' the ending peculiar

such nouns.

Estate, inheritance, !5urcA|6 ;

native

land,

zi\\

burcAif,

i.e., the land

of one's

inheritance.

Foreign,

coi^criioc,

from co:^

;

C05AD, war; and

c-\\]oc

coun-

try—a

stranger ;*one of a hos-

tile

country.

Others may

inclined to derive it

from

cu:5e, a province, as one of

the

five

divisions of ancient

Ireland; and c^^c. The

for-

mer appears the truer, and

therefore better.

Fetid,

bfieuT).

Go,

Irr.

verb,

zeii,

(go

thou)

;

ftul,

to go

;

A:5

bill, going

; cUv\]ó,

went

;

|iAr^A&,

shall

go.

Holy

Land,

caIati) nAorijrA,

pos.

case,

cAlri)At)

; Lat.

tellus.

Horseback, A5 Tr^AficuiaeAcc

;

from

n)A^c,

an old L.-ish

word for

horse.

intend

;

purpose ; I

am resolved;

CA p.\xr) A5An)

; or CA

ftujl A5AIT)

;

nuf),

a resolution, a mystery;

6U1I, wish,

desire.

Kent,

CcAorni,

£;

from ceAt),

head,

and z\\\

;

Latin, Cantiura.

London.

loir)3&ior),

m.;

from

loi)5,

ship

;

and

6ior),

a harbour

;

place of shelter.

—Dr. O'B.

Manchester, 2r)A5r)AconTi,

the plain

heroes. Its

Latin name

ancunium ;

formed

from

TT)A5

5-cor]n

;

or from

njA

cuiDo,

the held

of bondage;

AVhittaker says

its British

name

INIancenium

;

which

favoiirs

the

former derivatio-i,

the

j)lain of heroes

the

following,

TT)A5

AT)

cAoitie,

the

plain of mourning," He

calls

the place

tents,''

which

incorrect

;

for, firstly,

n)A% is

not a

i?foce,

but a

plain

;

and

szzne, a tent, is Greek,

and

not

British nor Keltic.

KoTE—In modern

Irish it would

be better to udopt the

names

by which this and other

Eng-

lish towns

are familiarly

known, than endeavour

revive those that

are now

obsolete.

Hence

^Aocercett,

(from the British

njAo,

a plain,

and the Saxon, Cae.sier, oi

camps),

would not be

incorrect

Irish.

Mansion,

A^iAt,

m.,

place; Welsh,

aros

;

ahatac,

full

dwell-

ings, habitable.

Probable,

bo]i,zeAc;

from

boij,

fancy.; hope

;

feo^ceAC,

hope-

ful

;

5:15,

most probable.

ParUament,i:eir, f.

.Cpr. fesh^.

the

Parliament ot Tara, every

third

year, ^

eir

CeAii)ru\c 5AC

crieAr

bliA5At)

;

—

v^ir

SivcrAT), tha

Parliament of England.

Promised, JeAllcA.

Piver,

AiT)inn,

/.,

(pr. awan)

;

word that is found compounded

in the names of

many

places,

as well

on the Continent, as in

England, Scotland, and Ire-

land. Example

—

Khine,

t^i^-

ATTjAt),

the king of

rivers

;

Phone, Tto-ArtjAn, the

rapid

river

;

Garonne,

-AnB-An)Ai),

the

rough river: Seine, reAC-

An)Ain,

the

separating

river

;

the four Avons,

in England,

are

derived from

attjao, river

the

Shannon in

Ireland, from

reAt),

old, and

AiVAr),

river

;

Latin, amnis

;

Welsh

avon

Annoric,

aun.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH,

Sir.

cioeAitnA

;

tAoj

;

bu]f}e

uAtAl

;

and as a

title

of htnour,

iiibme

(knight).

C;5eAtinA

literally

means

Lord,"

same

as the

Greek term

K^^io?,

Kurios,

the

Latin Dominn.'i,

the

German

err.

Hern : now

Kti7'ios,

or Dominus, are the

only words,

one in

Greek

and

the other in Latin,

for

the term

Sir, and

though they

signify

"Lord," as fully

does the

L-ish word

Ci5eAttf]A,

yet

usage

they answer quite natu-

rally the purposes of

the

Eng-

lish

word

iSir.

"Herr" in German.

And

truth what is

Sir,"

but an-

other name for Sire

or Lord

Why,

then, should

there be

any difficulty in adoj^ting the

word,

cjoeAnoA,

in Irish, for

the same polite use for which

the

word

Sir,"

English, is

very naturally employed.

The

word

tA],

xao],

a man

letters, is also sometimes used

in Irish to answer

the purposes

of the

English

term

Sir,"

So is

the

word

óune

uataiI,

EXERCISE XXIX

gentleman. Let the learner,

then,

select whichever he

pleases. Sao)

is short and

simple, and,

if generally

adopted, would answer very

well

all

the

ends

modern

etiquette.

CiJeAtii^A

is,

per-

haps, the fittest word, as it

has analogy

the

learned lan-

guages

support

its use

ours

;

and if our tongue be-

came common, this would

ap-

pear very soon

natural

and

a very

correct

form

of ad-

Stephen, ScepAf)

;

2f)Ac

ScepAio,

Fitzstephcns

;

Stephenson

;

Naoii)

ScepAr),

St.

Stephen.

Thames,

CAu^uiró,

f..

from cArp,

still, sluggish,

placid

; and

uirse,

water. From this latter

are

derived the word

wliislcey

;

and those names of English,

Welsh, and

Scotch

rivers

and

towns that have the prefix csk,

axe,

exe, ox, usk, ax

;

as Hex-

ham,

the town or hamlet

the

water

;

Oxford is

Ox^^o\\t},

i.e.

—

^aterford

—

O'Brien.

1. You

are welcome, Charles, (ceub

mile

t-'ivjlce

]ion)<vc,

SbéA|tluif,)

how are you? 2.

I am well, thank

you.

3. I

glad,

really, to see

you in good health, (civ

bfióib

ojtn?

beitt^iT)

b-puil

a ]'l<vii)ce

n)<x]r).

How

have

you

travelled

(ft|r)i;e

<vi|*b|it)

to-day

—

was it on

horse-

back

(ai5

TDAitciiiseAcc),

or on

foot

(no,

a^i co]y)?

travelled

the old style

(Ajft

at)

c-feAn

snivr))

foot,

How are

all your friends at home,

j^our father

and

mother,

your brother

John,

and your

sister Julia, and

your

cousin

James

Johnson

(2l)AcSeC\5-\|i))?

They

are

all

well,

thanks to

God

(t^p

uile

rlAiure

mA]c,

buibcACAr

ObiA).

How is

your brother Andi'ew,

well?

do not

know how he is

at present

(oi

piof

a^ahj

ciAunof

b-pujl

]'Q

Ai;oir),

for

I have not

heard from

him

these

three

months

(le

[with,

during]

w]),

10. I

wonder

at that

^c<x

'oi;3i;a

lecnna]

o]in)

^ao]

f|i;),

because

SELF-IXSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

"^vas

fond of you,

and

much

attached

(curD<vr)Ac) to

his

relatives, that

thought

(51111

\-i^o]\

me)

would not

allow

one month even

(i;ac

lei5i:A6

|-e

<xor)

\rj^

AtiiAir))

pass by

(cAfic)

Avithout writing to you, or to

your father

mother.

11, It

is true he

was always kind

and aft'ec-

tionate,

and

very good to me : I

cannot account

for this

silence

(v\5«|*

v] t]o

horv-VA

AOt)

pAC

CAbAHic

Aiyt

yoyh

Xo),

any other

way, than by

supposing what

truly said of

many

others,

true

of him

also,

(acc

ArbA^n

b-]:u]l

at)

1)10

bubitAÓ

AiTi

rnofUMj

eile,

fl0|t

Aijt-fAi)

n^Aft

ceA&PA)

;

out of

sight out of

mind"

(a^ ahia^ic a|* cuiri^De).

12. Where was he when

you heard from him on the last

occasion?

(Ca

^l^

|tAib

ye,

"<^1|t fee

cuaIah*

uAi&e

{ooy-a)

ArD &ei5TODoc

13. He

was

in London

;

and

said that

he intended to go

to France, thence along

to the

Rhine

;

to cross

the

Alps,

(da

b-^^lp)

iiiid visit Italy.

14.

I see

;

It is

very probable

("]-e

\x "^^lo^is)

^^^^^^ ^^Q

is at present taking his

intended tour

(ai^ sSadao

atj--

&II1

Aift

lAb^iii x'e)

through Europe; he may

to the

Holy Land,

for

one

not

learned

till he

go to foreign

lands

(di

rDup)ce

30 coi^cnioc).

15. No, he

does not,

for

promised

to be

home at

Christmas,

(^o

seAÍl re 'beic

f-AD

n>bAile

A15 AD

íIoóIac). 16.

Have

_?/om

(cur<x)

ever

travelled

far beyond

your

native country

? 17.1

never

went

(nioit

ciia|ó

rnS a

yi}\ví)

t<\yC) further

than London

and

Kent.

I left London, and

the

banks

of that

sluggish,

fetid

river,

the

Thames,

year

ago.

18.

Have

you been

the

new Parliament House

(ceAC dua6

^-eire)

? 19.

Yes;

have been at the Parliament House

—as well in

the

House

of Lords as the House of Commons

(a ccac

da fc-Ci5eA^-

uAiÓ

A5ii|*

ceAc

DA 5-coicceAD).

20. Is not

the

ne\i

House

a grand building,

well worthy of Sir

Charles

Barry,

the

architect, and of the

age

which we

live?

(il<\c

TDAifeAc

CA|iD

o)bpe ceAc duaó

feife,

—

obAifi

piuD-

CAC

D] fe

AtiiAiD

fee

nibble

SeAjiUr

bbA]a|tAi6

euro

Acc

'd Aoir

<^nD

b-fuilrDi&?)

21.

Were

you in

St.

Stephen's Hall?

22.

was; it

superb.

23.

By what

route

did

you

return

from

London? 24.

made

Manchester

way

;

for I

intended

to see

some friends of

mine

who

resided there,

and who

have always

been

friendly-disposea

')S

SELF-INSTUUCTION IN IRISH.

towards

my father's

flimily

(a b] a

j-comi^iqS

An-cAiiAtjrAC

miMi)ci[i

ri)'

ACA|i). 25.

I suppose you

are quite well

acquainted

with

the topography of

every

leading

town in

England ? 26.

Indeed, no

;

assure

you

have

never

left my

own

country

save

once;

am fond

(ca

3|ia6

A5Arr)

Aiii)

her

fields (a

jonicib),

and

i:)lains

(rt^A^Aib),

her

glens

5leAt)CA|b),

her lakes, and her

mountains

|diAb-

cAjb)

;

give me a

vale

the

sunny south, with

neat

mansion, and I

care not

for the gold and wealth of London

(cAbAiTi

^Ati?

cumAti

^X)iuri^]\j

cejc

ASm*

i;i'l

bioui)

A5ArT}

Ai|t

ÓJI

Asm*

n^AOi;

Loii)5&in).

EIGHTEENTH

LESSON.

For the

learner's sake we

endeavoured, and

have dono

with some

success,

write

all the

Exercises hitherto

given in

our Lessons

without introducing

an element

which,

like aspiration,

is so peculiar to Irish,

that it may

well be

deemed

essential to it.

This

element,

though, in its present fonn,

peculiar to

Gaelic

alone, is

not foreign to other languages. The

learned

who

write of the Sanscrit

tongue,

say

that

Gaelic,

in the

phonetic laws

that regulate its

consonantal

changes, is

analogous to those

Shaiidi,

or conjunction,

by which

consonants at

the end, and sometimes

the be

ginning, of

words

that

language, have their sounds

sup-

pressed

for those of

cognate letters. In Greek,

Latin,

German,

this change of consonants

is chiefly

confined

words

united by

composition, and is seldom

observed

words

that remain

distinct, or form the constituent

parts of

sentences.

This

quality of which we are treating, so peculiar

Irish,

is called

Eclipsis

;

and consists

in the suppression,

under

certain

circumstances, of

the sound

of the initial

mute

consonant for that

of another

cognate, or homorganic

iCtter,

which,

in the

written

language,

is inserted immedi-

ately

before the

initial whose sound

passed

over.

The circumstances

under wliich

tliis suppression of the