Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

sound

of the

initial

letter

takes place,

shall, in

coming

Les-

sons,

be pointed

out.

It will aid the

learner

considerably

see

one

view

those

consonants

that

are

homorganic, or

pronounced

the same

organ

;

and

will

afterwards be

seen,

mute

consonant is eclipsed by

other

than by an

homorganic let

ter of

more mellow

sound,

that

eclipsis in

Gaelic is founded

those laws

which

euphony,

or the

facility of utter-

ance,

is regulated.

The organs which

chiefly

aid in

producing

articulate

sounds, are the lips,

tongue, teeth,

palate, and in those

languages that

require

strong

guttural enunciation,

Hebrew,

German,

Spanish, Irish—

the throat.

Those let-

ters are

homorganic that-

are articulated by the

same

organ;

as, b,

n?,

bb,

(i-e.,

v, or

w,) nj, or

t^b,

(i.e., V,

or w,)

pb)

oi'

(i.e.,

i),

which are called labial

lip-letters ;

—

(i.e.,

k),

cb,

jb»

are palatal

English ; in Irish guttural, or glottal.

See

the annexed

Table.

100

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

TABLE

ECLIPSES IN IRISH,

, b (a

soft

\ mute)

Labials

(asp.hard)

Gailarah

Dentals

(sibilant)

Is eclipsed by

n)(alic|uid, nasal)

(an asp. mute,

soft)

(soft)

f) (liquid, nasal)

(liquid, nasal)

b (soft)

mute)

As,

Pronounced

written.

Ati

n)-bot\i?,

our A^i

TDOfift.

table.

Aiib-jriof),

ourwinei *\|; biot).

iS]\

b-p|ATi,

our

pain

A|t

biAH.

&\\ 5-CAttA,

0Ur|

At\

5A|VA.

friend.

Att

T)5ul,ourcryiu;^'

r)5ul.

Alt

n-tijA,

our God

A)i

b-cjtx,

our coun-

try.

Ar)

c-tIa-,

the rod

A|l tllA.

At!

&in.

From the examples in the third column the

learner

perceives

that the

sound of the

initial

consonant is sup-

pressed, and that of the prefixed

cognate

sounded

instead.

Initial

however, when eclipsed by

jj,

has

its

sound not

suppressed,

but

blending with that of

forms one new sound

—viz. ,

T)3, nasal

;

and

for

this

reason there is no hyphen

mark denoting eclipsis placed

between r) and

is a

well-known

fact,"

says

distinguished modern scholar,

that

certain articulate sounds are found in one language,

group

of languages, which

may be

wanting in another."

The

sound

nj,

nasal,

is not found in the beginning of

word

in the

English language

; it is found, however, in the

middle

and

end

words

of Saxon origin

;

as,

mingling,"

"bungling,"

"wrangling," or oi'

im, in, en, cm, in

French,

The

sound

1)5

should

distinguished

from that of

—the

latter

is pronounced by introducing between

the

sounds

and

slight

vowel-souud

;

as,

jne,

appear-

ance, sex;

giné

{i, very short)

; so

5i)iori),

act;

3ir))otii.

In like

manner ci;; as,

ci;oc

—

pronounced as

linock.

hilj.

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

101

yocabulahy.

?ln)Ac,

out ; as

cei*

aidac,

out.

2ln)uio,

without, outside

;

as c*v

nje

An)ui5,

I am without.

t)oc, w,,

a tabernacle, a tent,

a cot.

Hebrew,

nn,

beth,

a house

;

as,

Beth-el,

the

house of God

;

the

name Jacob

called

Luz, af-

ter

the \-ision in which the

Lord

appeared to

him,

his

going

to and returning from

Padan Aram. ^e</i-lehem,

the

hoiise

bread.

bocAr),

m., a cot, a cabin.

CjCirjAr, m., calmness; from

ciui),

calm.

CluAf).

»i..

retreat, a

sequestered

spot

; a plain or

lawn between

two woods. To quiet retreats

of this kind the early Irish

Saints, like

St. Finian at Clo-

nard, (from cluAr), and

ixiift,

high)

;

St.

Brendan, at Clon-

fert, (from cluArj, and

peAiir, a

wonderful

act,

miracle)

;

St.

Jarlath,

Ciuanfoish,

(from

cluAr),

and

t;o\x,

the possessive

case

tror,

rest,

settled

abode)

;

retired

to devote

themselves

to prayer, contem-

plation,

and study. On

this

account

we meet with many

names of places in Ireland

commencing with

Cluan

Clon.

Ct)oc,

m.,

a hill. Anglicised, hnocTc,

in Irish topographical

names.

Cuinjiti,

a valley,

a flat between

elevated ridges

or continuous

heights.

Cu)n)in

'c\\] r)-U'T5e,

the valley

of the

three

waters,

where

the

Suir, Nore, and

Barrow

meet. Hence

the

names

the early

inhabitants

C'iOH^erland

and Wales,

the

Cameri,

Cumhri.

or Cimhri.

"O'eA^,

do; act

; v.

ir.

;

perf.^]r)^eAX

;

flit.

seAOirAi)

; Inf.

i?éAnAó.

1^.^o,

get

;

V. ir., perf.

^UA^lvXr

;

/ut.

5eAl.^Ab

;

Inf.

ri^B^Vl-

Péjr},

self ; as

nje-^eirj, myself ; own;

as, A^ f

-cin

i:ájr),

our own coun-

try.

Vorn^,

m.. desire, delight,

pleasure;

the air of a

song ; a tune.

3eAU,

m , a promise,

pledge

;

njAfi,

;

placed

before, gives

the word an advei'bial mean-

ing

;

as,

ujAfi

oSAll,

on account

of ; because of.

oeAll,

v., to promise.

SleAr^, m.,

glen^ a vale*

Si)Aor),

m., (pr. as ii miceeii)

wealth,

substance; b;ori)Ao;n,

/.,

(from

i?I,

wanting,

and n;AO]t)),

vanity;

idleness.

W]An,

m., (pr. meean)

desire

;

ai)-

njAin.

inordinate

desire

;

^Aoi

Ar)'f)iAn,

under

the influence of

inordinate desire.

2í)uUac,

the

summit; the

top

part ; as,

u);iUac

cr)oic, the top

of a hill

;

n)ullAc &o qr)t),

the

top

of your

head.

Rejó,

ready

;

ti^ioeAcc,

/-,

readi-

ness.

Re;leA5,

, a churchyard.

SeAcc-njA;o,/., a

week

;

from

rcAcr,

seven, and

u)A]r),

a day, morn-

ing

;

Latin, mane,

morning.

5iubAlo,&,/, the act

of walking.

5riut,

/.,

(See

Exception

3 to Eule

Lesson Seventeen,)

stream.

5cixitt,

history

;

story

;

fable.

Ci5,

the prepos.

case

of ceAc,

m.,

house

;

Atib-cia,

big

house.

C15

l]oiT;,

it comes with

me :

I can.

CobAti,

m.,

well

; a fountain

;

—

word which enters

into the

composition of names

many

places in this coimtry.

Note—Apply

Eules

for ascertaining

the

gender of

nouns

(See

Seventeenth Lesson,

93,)

those which have

the gender

marked

the foregoing Vocabulary.

102

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

EXEECISE

XXX.

m-beAWui5e

Oja

6uic,

(God save

you:

literally

—

i\ray

God give you

blessing)

a SljeAmitlf

6]l,

c<\,]tA&

1170

Cfto]6e. 2. Oo

TD-beAWuije 0]a A^^iy

9Xlu]]ie

6u]z-ye

l^eA&Aiii,

Mac t^a

b-'i^if^le

(flower of nobility)

;

tjac

moc

Ai|i tDAib]!)

cixifi

Ajft

bo co]|-?

j|^

rr;oc

befri^in,

mA^t

geAll

b-pujl At;

iDAii)in

bpeAS

fju,

Ajuf

biijl

asatt?

Al^-blfl n^Oft

ÓéAUAÓ

AI)

IIIÓ

Al)r)

AOOpeACC

leAC-]*A.

molt

Ai)

feA]i

fiúbAlo]&e

cii,

CjT^ce (certainly);

^)]

b-pii|l

l<v

mAjc

Aju

h\t, i)AC

b-piql,

a]5

imceAcc

(going),

ct^Ojc

crjoc;

sleAi)

sleATj;

ó cltiAr)

cIuau,

A5ur

cunMit

cuiDAtt

cpib

Ai)

ci|i.

2í)Aife,

1|-

píofi

biijc

;

c]i)ce

]]'

AOib]!;

liorn

be]c,

Atjn

A|i

b-ci|i

buccAif

pé|n

Amuij

5AC

UAIH

^^-^15

Mo")>

^11^

tT)ullAC

1JA

]'llAb,

Ajjl

bajl|l

T)A

3-CI)0C,

AJUf

A 5-C1ltl)Af

I)A

n3leAT)

;

Ajiir

A15

fjiibAl

Ajjt

bitiiAc DA

loc

(on

the border

of lakes)

t)o

b-A]f

T)A

5-CUAI7. 6. N|

njAlC

l]Om-|-A

bill

AHJAC At)

lll6,

civ

A5ArT}

leo[i

le béAT;A6.

Oc,

bubnAif

At)

ceAt)i)A,

A5iif

SeAll

cu,

rj)-beiÓceív

|te]6 At)

]ii6,

A-^ny

rt)-bei8eAÓ

pA^l

A3Ab

itDceACc

\\o\v

c|t]b At)

ri|t;

óijt

beitt)]r)

leAc

nioft

rn^]i

liofi)

AOt)

6uii;e

e^le acc

cu,

oiji zi\]]\-Ye

eol3Ac

y]t)

A]|t

3AC

CI5

A3U|-

Al|1

3AC

iX]t,

AI|l

3AC

boc,

A3Ur

Ajlt

3AC

Aitb-c]3

; A]

It 3AC

cliiAt)

A3iif

5AC

cotDA^ft,

|*le]b,

^leAt),

cobA]|t,

fftiic,

(steam)

AthuH)

(river)

cA|ftt),

|teili3,

c^U,

A3uf

T)]

fe y]\)

ATTjivp), ACC

CCV

piOf

A5Ab

AJIt

yz'A]\l

3AC

t)i6

AI^l

bub

wA]t

l|on)

CAii)c,

i)0

Al|t

bub

ri)Aic l]orn eolny

^•a3aiI.

Ci\

ttje

bu|6eAC

bujc,

|:aoi

iT^eAi*

(esteem)

ii)ó(t

cí\

A3Ab

Ofitt);

—

njCAi*

tjAc

y\{i

we,

a3u|*

I)-Ai|ii6e

(especially)

f:eA]t

A13

b-fujl

At)

oitiCAb

(so

much)

f:ó3lA|rt)

(of learn-

ing)

civ

A3Ab-fA.

rt)ATc

l]onj, Tt)A|t

rin»

tjAC

b-ci3

\\on)

óul

leAc At)

iu6;

acc bejó lív

e|le

A3aii)I).

Na|i

5eAU cu

bAti),

tD-bejceiv

^ieió

]n6?

10.

seAllAj*;

ACC i)Ac b-pu)!

y\oy A3Ab

b-pu^l

A3AtT)

leo[t le

oéAi)AÓ;

A3uf

i)AC

b-ci5

ip"'

V^]^

f'^^S-'^l'-

(pi'-

««'-^"0

^i^

1"^?

lí»

pjoit

5Uft cói;i

3AC

ujle

bup^e

ijeice

oSadao, a civ

y^o]

D-A

I'ciuft,

A3a|'

Ai|t

ivóbAn

]*iD,

1)1

wc^^t l^otD

D-beADpi\

D16

Apt

bic

DAC

iD-beióeAb

cgaiic

bujc

a 6éAt)A6.

12.

Teicitt),

b-jiujl c!aI

(sense)

A3Ab,

A3Uf

dac

b-puil

n)A|t

leo|t

bAOii)e

Ó3A pAO]

ADrt)iAD

A13 3AC

ujle

biorT)Aop). 13.

Civ

n)e

bujoeAC bujc

;

ceAi)i*A

(meekly)

SELF-IXSTRUCTION

IRISH.

103

C|i;eAlcA

(kindly), lAbAjtAut?

cu (you

speak)

Ajft

5ac

^[6.

14.

C]A Ai; Iá

Ar;0]f

(now)

nj-bejo

]ieió,

ccacc

Ifort);

AbAi|x

(name

itV 15. Liv

^-AOijie

^jit

b]c;

at)

ceub

be'i)

c-reAccrbA[i),

miv

bióeAnr)

mAjc.

16.

]|*

^A&A,

pei&ift

(perhaps

;

literally, it

may be

possible)

rT)-beiD Ia

e)le

a5ait)1}

n)A|t At) liv

;

civ

At)

c-Ae|i

iv|t&,

Ai:)

rP^m

3oiin7,

5AI)

neul,

rjo

n^ut)

;

^niAt) ^15

e||ii-

3eA6

I'OiUreAc

(radiiintly)

;

i)a

b-eir)

(the

birds)

A15

ceolriAÓ

Ajfi

5AC c|tAU

;

A5uf*

au cfiui^e

[e]]i

(the world

entirely)

^ao]

y~je]n),

ttjaji at)

ceub U\

aiji)

b-cAinic

ArDAC

Iattt) ah

C!3eAiit)A.

17.

TJ^\

pour)

n)óii

0|trr)

6iil

leAc. 18.

11a

cA|t}i

;

bei6

Uv ejle

A3Ainu

njAic.

19.

rrjo

tbAUAiii,

A13

ceAcc

;

ca.

aji

5-ceuo

pTtop)

fteió.

20. ^t

n)ACAift

7*0

PeAbAft

O'Caoih)

A^ft

A lAbA^fi

rn]V]C

leAc,

CAjtAb

Aifi

b-pujl

A3Arr)

trjeAf

n)óii.

21.

beACA; ceub

m]\e

y:.\]\ze

|toit)AC.

22.

rrjAibit)

biteA3

1*0, <^

beAT)

ua|'A|1.

23.

SeAÓ

beirr)|i);

ceub lit

bfteA3

A3Air)n,

td]

(for

the month

past

—

literally,

with month). 24.

SeArpu^f,

zi\

ceub-

pltoit)

|tei6; A3Uf

ci\

b'ACA]ii

a3U|* t)0 6eA]tb-f]u]a

ajj

bu]!

leAc; b'

T^eibjit

t;A)i

at;

bu]r)e-uAi-Al

a ceub-piioin

pó]ll.

25.

CAbAifi

bu^nt),

PeAbAi|t, oi)ói|t

cou)Iua-

bAin

AI3

bojib?

26.

V'Cxilce, 30

beim|t);

acc C13 Ijom

|iA&

pio|t 3uti oftn^-fA

beAi)CAfi ah

oi)oni

(on

nie

the

honour is done—

bestowed)

be^c

Ant)

bu|t

3-corbluAbAft-

]*A. 27.

Cei3

tiorT)AtT)

(before

me),

ttJA

t:)0

to]\ e;

'e At) bsAllAC

(this is

the way).

NINETEENTH

LESSON.

loJiich is

shown when

Eclipses

in Gaelic

occurs.

Rule

—

Eclipsis

is cau&ed

by the possessive

pronouns

plural, A|i,

our;

bufi,

your;

their; as,

3ftA6ui3ceoi|i

CAb-

tT)A|t,

A]l

b-CloCAHUA,

Afl

t)-DlA,

A3U1* Ajl

b-f

UAr3AlcO]|t,

jealous

lover is our

Lord,

our God,

and our

Redeemer.

the initial

mute of

Ci3eA|tt)A,

eclipsed

by b;

in OjA, by t) ; and

b (b

aspirated,

sounds

v).

If tT)o, mine, or any of

the

possessive

pronouns singular

104

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

(except

her;) precede

Ci5eA|xi)A,

O^a,

pu<\r5Alcoi|t,

the

initial

letters would

be only aspirated.

(See

Fifth

Lesson,

Obs.

page

28.)

The

Lord,

and

the God;

At)

Ci5eA|tr)A, a5u|* at)

D]a.

3iy

Lord, and

mi/

God; ti^o

Ci5eAiinA,

A5ur

njo

t)]ii.

Our

Lord,

and

our God;

^]C'

&-Ci5eAiiOA,

a5U|'

Aft"

t)-OlA.

His

Lord,

and

his

God;

a Oi5eA|it)A,

A^nf

a O^a.

Their

Lord,

and

íAdr

God;

o-Ci5eAH0A,

A5ur

ti-DlA.

^e?*

Lord,

and

her God

; a Ci5eA|tr)A,

aju]'

O^a.

/is,

referring

to the

name of an inanimate object, is,

Irish

—as

all

nanjes

are, either

masculine

or feminine—ex-

pressed

the

words

his

or her

(a).

Thus,

eclipsis

follows the

j^lural possessive pi'onouns

;

as-

piration, the

singular

possessive

pronouns.

The

letter

is not affected

aii,

bu|i, or

as, A]t

SlAr)ui5ceoift,

our

Saviour;

Aft

Sajatic,

our priest.

Rule

—

The

possessive

case

plural of

nomis declined

with the

article (ai?,

the)

;

—

Oc,

Pinn

b-í^^^t)^"

rii-«»*o

Alas,

Fiona

of the Fenians and of the Hosts-

—

Oisaian's

Lament

OrsA-n

ti3leo,"

njo

tijAC

Oscar of the

lights, my

son,

Gitiiq,

Oirit),

se^Tt

PAtJitiMc

nj-bACAll."

Ai-ise,

Oisin,

says Patrick

the

Croziers.

Tlfg

T)A

n-i)ul,

King of

the Elements,

i.e.,

the

Elements"

King

;

possessive

case

—

t5'

^neA5Alt^

ilcu]!

s-cof"

luAc,

Keplied

Achilles of the

fleet

feet.

—

Irish Homer.

English

the

possessive case

is seldom

employed

;

its

stead

the

objective case

governed by the preposition

quite

common.

The

mere English

student should

learn

that

whenever

denotes

possession, it is translated

into

Irish

—as

it is

into

Latin or into Greek—

merely causing

the

noun

before

which, in English, it is placed, to be put

into

the

possessive ;

—

The

house

the Lord

—

i.e.,

the house

belonging

to the

Lord

—is

translated,

ceAC At;

Ci3eA]it)A

;

Domus Domini.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

105

The -word

Lord," the

possessor, is in Irish, in

the

posses-

sive

case,

wliile in

Enghsh

it is

governed

the preposition

of.

shall

advert

this again.

Initial

is excepted

from

this

Second Rule also;

as,

ceAjtc

V)<K

S AT^Ajtc,

the Priest's

right.

ConjAijtle

r;<v

Sao],"

a counsel

the Sages.

VOCABULARY.

iUpor),

m.,

Alplionsus.

<íloó5Ar) (the

descendent

(3AT)

Sinn)

íáloó,

Hugh),

Egan.

^Ac :ilo65Ain,

Mac

Egan

;

0'2lo85Ai),

O'Hegan;

ClAn

vU'b-

5Ar),

MacEgans

(the elan

family

of the

MacEgan.)

l)All,

TO., spot,

member (of the

body);

Aj^i

bMl,

on the'

spot,

presently.

beAllAc, m. ,

way,

passage

;

Persian,

balak

;

^v^o

At)

beAllAC, leave

the way.

beAnn)

f• to cut,

prune,

to shave.

Inf.

; bo

beAinwo,

to shave, to

prmie, to

clip.

Cati),

adj.,

Gr.,

y.a.^'Tiri,

hampe,

bending

;

crooked, bent,

curved

;

obliquely directed,

awTy

;

blind of one eye

;

noun,

bending

;

to bend ;

Welsh

and Bret.,

camm.

Its

indi-

rect meaning is deceit, deceit-

ful

;

as in the

words

of Juno

to Jove—

"2lcc

leAn

fco

coTtjAiftle,

A'r

cióvin

Annr An

atp

Wac

n)-beit)

Oeice leAc

'XAt)

5-coibAiTtle

CAT1)."

—Homer,

4.5.

CAxrj'Ar),

diminutive of preced-

ing,

a hurl ; a

stick curved at

the

end

;

(Gr. ,

ncc^a,^,

stake,

)

A|5

iTtJittc

cADAn,

plajdng at

hurley

;

(Scotch

—shiiaty play-

ing.)

From

CArt),

is derived

tiie

word

comma,

which

is a

little

crooked

turn

;

Irish, CAn)05

;

also

CAtT)-Al,

a humped

ani-

mal,

a camel.

l;A6|tO|», the

ball

used

hurley.

CeACAjt, four

; Latin, quatiior.

CI05,

a bell

; a clock, because,

bell,

sounds.

Welsh,

clock;

Fr. cloche.

From the

Keltic CI05,

Dr. Johnson

de-

rives the English

word

clock.

Clo!5

"i..

little bell

; a bunch of

berries

;

a cluster

;

pendant.

Clo]5eAn,

TO., the head;

the skull

(from CI015

and ceAqt),

the

head,)

because

the shell of the

head or

skull

is not

unlike

bell.

Clo5Ab,

m., (from

CI05, and eAt»,

dress, covering,)

helmet;

called

because

of old it

waa

made like

a bell.

C|^Ann)

TO.,

a tree

;

a mast

; a frame

for network

or woof ; a

beam,

a block

;

c\\^\rjt}

ubAl, an

ap-

ple

tree

;

c^iAnn

pem^j

pear

tree

;

CftAnn

nófA,

a rose

tree

;

C|tAnn cri|CeAc, an aspen

tree

;

c^ADn

i^l'^i

an olive tree

;

CftAno

reoil

mast (of

sailing);

ctiAnf)

rcAnncA, a press

(literally,

block

or frame

pressing)

;

ct\Ann

sejlbce,

a frame

bars

for warping.

CuAific,

/.,

circle,

round

;

cuAit]ic,

in a

circle, round

about;

a visit,

a visitation

; A^i

cuAi^tc,

a visit

;

Ai5

bSAnAb

cuAjitce,

making

his

visitation

;

cuaXhic,

court

V-

Ajifi

cAitA

5-cuAiric

'oA

bonn

vponAn)

friend

court is

better

than

groat in the

purse.

CuA|xcUi5, go

about;

search,

in-

quire

diligently.

CuA|^^UoA6, investigation.

V-A]T;\\\^e, TO.,

(from

pAia^sAb,

de-

stroy, to wreck,)

the

ocean,

the deep; n)\.\]n, also

means

sea

106

SELF-INSTllUCTION

IRISH.

I'Arj, m., stray; stroll;

Ajn

if'-\ri,

astray

; as,

riv rjA

cAO|tAió

ajji

^'AV,

tlie sheep

are astray.

l^apAc, strolling, wandering

;

Air&iti

VCvoAC,

a strolling

Avalk.

PoAbAr,

goodness

;

in good

plight,

comeliness

;

the "best

possible state of

anything. Tiv

*\iti

fcAbAr, it (or

he) is in

the best

possible

'vvay.

Vo]\\^rieM\),

VI., (from

^oitieAó,

suit

;

lit

;

and

5n;ó,

perform, make)

a bnilding

; offices, appurte-

nances.

5Ari,

near;

o^^Itie,

«<(;"., nearer;

/.,

nearness.

CoiT)5Afi,

)

(cott)

and

óaji,)

con-

Coii;5Af\Ac,

venient.

5i6,

although

;

quasi,

b;ó,

that it

be.

Lu]TT)neAc (from lu|ii)e, or

loin)e,

bareness

; and

rjCAc, for t)A

e^c,

of the horscs\ Limerick,

which

was

built

on a peninsula made

bare by the mmrber

horses

sent thither

to gi-azc.

SI^eACAi),

, a tap-rooted

plant,

snchas a

parsnip, carrot, radish;

as,

tijOACAi)

bui6e, a carrot

;

iijcACArj

inr;,

parsnip.

PotJUA,

m., beans.

P()cA]ó, m.,

(for

pocAcAi6,

plural or

pccAco, a potato; a

word

Indian

origin), potatoes; in

Munster commonly ])rouounced

PflUCAlO.

Sub, m., sap, juice

;

rubuAlrijAn, (the

sap

earth) strawberries

;

rub

ciiAob,

raspljerry.

Spine, /.,

a thorn

;

Latin,

spina.

SpioAr),

»1.,

(from

rpiue,

thorn) a

gooseberry ;

the

shrub

that

produces that fruit.

TAti,

i^re2Jos.,

over, above,

beyond

;

cAnc,

passed

over, gone by,

undone

;

round about ;

<\\)

r-Att)

cA|ir,

the time is

gone by;

cx\\\.

CA|ic

At) cuAc, send

round

the bowl

; ca

ttje

CAtxc,

I am

undone.

Cuirle,

the hinge of a

door.

Cuirlo,

v., turn as on

hinges; to

stumble

;

bAnii-cuirlu5AÓ,

stumble

headforemost.

EXERCISE XXXI.

1. >t

b-8t}[ti

|*5Aic

(the chief,

the best)

b-].*CA|i

he\t

AT)ij 1*0

luAc

c^ija

—

b-pu]l ho

6eA|ib'

bitAcAift

? 2.

beió

^W^

b^ll;

Diofi

xep]]\

\e]x

ceAcc

liom-r^

at)

UAjfi

nje

]tei6,

ir)cv|t geAll

51111

jU\]b

Aft

5-C0lcCACA|t ?Clp01U

0'?Vo65AIl)

A]It

CllAiflC

AJAIOU,

A5ur

e|3ii)

I'AUDAcc

(because

our

cousm-german,

Alphonsus O'Hegan,

was on a visit with

us,

and

it was

necessary for

hiui to

stay)

hi}t

ado Aonf:eAcc

leij*

(to

along with

him), 3.

Oc,

}^e\c]xri

;

]]'

ceAjic

f|'%

4. Ca

n)éi&

cloi5

Ai)oir?

(for i)|

b-viqO

1'*^

"^^^

<^'>

ceACAjt

be CI03.

6. Civ |*e voot

]--ai;

c[tí\ci)ói5A

(evening)

iDAjt

x\\).

7. CA]a|i

lioii)

An)AC

A5uf

C15

\\m

X\v\ia\

(pr.

sllOol)

r)0

A]|-!Dni fAUAC

8éAl)AÓ ti^\\Z,,

AJUr

CAIHC

A^llj'

cotÍ7-|ií\6

ÓéAHAÓ

eAbjiAioi)

peju

(among

ourselves, i.c^

with

each other). 8.

C15

Iiud; asuj-

itjAjc

lionj-f^^-

ó]]i

í;i

njAjc

lioit)

bejc

|*r]5 acc

co beA5

a'i*

C15 lion).

SELF-IXSTUUCTION

IRISH.

107

AX)

beAlUc Ic

CAob

ci^.

11.

Oo pAjb

rvA]i

A5A&; }]'

pofiui*

citirlit3A6

(to

stumble) Ar)t7

beAlAc

caw,

I'leAWAit)

(slippery),

njAfi

caU

(like

that yonder).

12. CAb é &0

ri)eA]*

A]ft

A|t

b-CCAC

A3U|*

Al|t

A|t

u-Aic

A1|l

A]i

b-CAUri),

Ajitr

A|t

b-poiiijneAm?

13.

]]•

tt}eAf

b-puilbitii

b-ceAC tt)A|C,

buit

fc-CAlAri) Ar)-ri)<\lr,

bu|t

t>a]c

^luin,

A5U|' buji

b-po(ii5ueATÍ7

A^fi

}:eAbAf.

14.

Cja

acu

VeAitji,

bun

b-ceAc-f

<v,

t^o

b-ceAc-ije,

—which

is the better,

your

house or

our

house?

15.

jj*

t^eAjtjt bun

b-ceAC,

rjA

a]i

b-ccAC-ue.

16.

CAtDuib

At)T)

yo,

cori)5Aii]tAc

bo'i)

v-x]in]t,

bo'i)

bAjle TT)oi|t,

bo'i)

b-|.\vni|t3e,

—

ueice

(things)

beineAj*

(that give) Iuac

tdoji

bo ceAC

cuAiÓe

(enhance

the

value

—

give

great

price to

—a

country house).

17.

ro buft i)5A|inÓA?

18.

Ji*

é aji

T?5Ait]tt5A

cA|tit

AfceAc

A5U|'

Atr)A]ic

Aifi.

19. Ca At)

T)]6

CA Ar)i) ?

20.

leoft

;

—

z!x

pocAiÓ

(potatoes) ajuj*

3Abivi|-be

(cabbage),

pif

(pease),

A5«f

ponAjTte

(beans),

rrjeAcoT)

bu0,

rrjeACAi?

b^t),

TDeACAi;

itAjbjj

(radish), njeACAi)

3A|ib tjo

cujtTjAp,

fubA-

CflAob, ]*ubA-CAlrbAn, O^rjUlD,

CjlAp)

ItÓfA,

CltAjl)

ubAl,

C]\<S]r)

pei|ie,

fpiouiu)

A5u|' a

leicibib.

21.

ye]C}W 3iifi AD-ri^Aic

AtDAitcADt)

I'e

Ar)oir.

22. CAb

li^eAf

A^i

At)

c<loi c^

t;a

citAit)

(the trees),

A3ur ai|i

3AC p<\}-

ejle

a civ

ai?

3Ait|i6A?

23.

2.DeA|*Aitr)

b-puil

buji

3-c]iaiu

nbAl ]to-a|ib,

a3u|*

bufi ^HibA-citAob

^3ApcA ArnAc 3AI)

beAjtitAb.

24.

C^a

leii*

(with

whom,

i.e.,

whom

belong)

at) 3A|i]t6A ub caII,

A3u|*

At)

3011C 1*0

3A11

bAtt)?

25.

Ttjuirjcm

yé]\j,

rvo

CU1&

3A0I,

PAbftujc

A3ur S&AmuT

O'OaIais.

26.

]l|*peA)tft

njofic

r)A

30nc-rA.

27.

iJi

peAini 30

oeirbjr).

28.

1|*

\:e'<x]t]x

3-C|iAii;

ubAjl, a 3-c|tAii;

péjite

a3U|-

a ^-C]X<s]\)

jtof,

^3"r

3AC

luf

1)0

plAl)bA

CA 'pA|" At)!)

n30ItC,

1)0 bu|t

citAjT)

A3u|'

buji

b-]íAf*-|-e.

29.

pejb^fi

|*]t)

(perhaps

so;

literally,

that

may be

possible)

acc

yec^]i]i

l]orr)-fA

njo

cup

-pep)

'oA

3-cuib-TAt),

316

b-pujl

n)Aic

rin.

^'lof

A3AIT),

Ain

cAoi

Aiii

b^c, 3u|i

ye<^]^x

a|i

3-coiftce

A3ur

A]!

3-citoineAcc

'da

3-coi|tce, a

3-c]toiDeAcc

A3Uf

t)-AfibA]i-rAt).

30.

Mac At)-eol3Ac

zi\]\i-xe

cAob

caI-

n)An?

31. Civ

atd p]toiuT)e,

cA|i|t

f"*^Ac,

aíj

comluAbAfi

A]3

cfiumiiSAb.

32.

beió

pleAO

fub3Ac

A3AiT)t),

fuil

A3AID.

33.

bei6,

IDA

civ At)

y^on

A-^ny

at)

peo^l

ye^\i\x

Lu)n)j)eAC

adi), bA0]i}e

(people)

Ó3A

óeAt)At>

fub

108

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

^Ac.

34.

Mac

tr)-bei8

t^l'^^.

bArb^'A

ajaii^o?

Shall we

not

have dancing?

—literally, will there not

dance or

merriment (at)

ibr

us. 35.

bejó,

(there will

be) rrjA

'|*

co|l Ijb

(if there is

will

with

ye, i.e.,

you

wish)

b-c]

éjftJS

Ai?

Ue.

Obs

Have," in

the

Englisli language is called an Auxiliary,

though

is not always such,

but an

independent verb, signifying

to possess : it

a sign of the

pei-fect

tense. In the

former

sense, as a word denot-

ing

possession,

it has,

in Irish,

no verb

corresponding

avoir,

in French

;

or avere,

Italian.

Instead

of it, the verb

be,

so bejc,

with the

com-

pound

pronouns,

A5Art), at

me, or to

;

A5AÍ3, to you

(thee)

;

^156,

him

;

Aicj,

her

;

A^<\]m,

;

A3Aib,

you

(ye)

;

acu, to

them, is

employed.

(See

Obs.

Third

Lesson,

x>.

16.)

Have,"

sign of the

perfect tense

expresses

the idea of time just

now

passed.

Irish,

as in

every

learned or ancient language,

the idea

past

time is

conveyed

the ending of

the perfect

tense of the verb,

or by the

past

participle

and

the verb

to he,

bo bejc

;

as, I have come, bo

tA]X)\ce\x

;

John

has

come.

cajoic

Se'-s^^n

;

the day has been

cAicce.

(See

Fifth

Lesson, on

the verbal endings,

jj. 25.)

TWENTIETH LESSON.

Obs.

—

Eclipsis

aifects only the initial

mute consonant.

It is

never,

aspiration,

found

in the middle or end

word.

As a

general

rule,

when

any

noun in the singular

number,

preceded

the

article

ai?

(the)

is governed by

any of

the

simple,

non-compound

prepositions

(except

bo,

TJAt),

eibifi

—

see

Exception

2, p.

110,)

eclipsis is pro-

duced,

"if

the

initial

consonant

(that is,

the

consonant with

which the

word

begins,)

that class

that undergoes

this

suppression ;

as,

father

was

through

the

rnVrAiii

cjiib

ai;"

garden.

t)3A|i|tÓA

(pr. ngarrhy).

John

has the

land at

(under)

Ccv

rAUrt)

A13

SeA^AD

the

highest

rent.

pAo]

'i)"

5-cio|-

Aifibe.

James

at the

market

Cix SeAmur

A15

at)"

town.

bA]le

riióut.