Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-INSTKUCTION

IRISH.

119

TWENTY-SECOND

LESSON.

Some

the numeral adjectives

have

already,

from

timt

time,

appeared in our Lessons.

A full

list

both Or

dinal and Cardinal is here

subjoined

CARDINALS.

1. ?loT), or

Aet),

(pr. in

one

syllable

ee-un.)

2. "Oo, two in

the

abstract

—as, it has

struck

(the)

two

;

buAil

|*e

at)

&ó.

Co,

never precedes

noun.

Oiv,

two, accompanies the

noun,

and qualifies

it.

C|ti.

4. CeACA|i,

four in

the ab-

stract; as, five is

better

than four,

feiv|i|i

cufj

T)A

ceACAin;

it struck

four,

biiAjl

]*e aij

ceACA^jt.

Ceicpe,

four; as,

four

feet,

ceicpe

coy.

Cu)5.

Sé.

7. SeAcc

8. Occ.

hUo]

10.

Deic.

12. Dó-6éA5.

ORDINALS.

1st. Ceub,

Aor)ri)<\6

(pr.

ce-univoo)

: the

ending

TÍiAÓ (it'oo)

suffixed

any cardinal

adjective,

gives

its

corresponding

ordinal.

2nd.

Do-TÍjAÓ.

2nd

D<\[iA.

ord.

C]ieA|*;

ciiin)A6

(pr.

threewoo.)

4th.

Ce<sií^]\ú)t,'6,]ce}iarwoo,

signifies

also

quarter,

because

it is

the

fourth

part

; the thigh

; a

stanza,

quartan

;

quadrant

;

ploughland,

pasturing.

5th.

Cui^eAb.

6th.

Sé-fi)A6,

and

fefeAtJ,

(sheslioo).

7th.

Se<\cc-ri)A6.

8th. 0cc-ri)<\.6.

9th.

WA0]-n)A6.

10th.

De^crbAO.

11th.

UonriiAÓ béA3.

12th. Dott)o^6

A3.

120

SELF- INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

13.

Cft]

b&Aj.

loth.

CuimAO

A3,

CHOAf

DéA5.

14.

CeACAiit-béAj.

14tli.

CeAC<\]tii)<\ó

béA5.

15.

Cúi5-bó<\5.

15th. Cui5rT)A6

&éA5.

16.

Sé-béA^. 16th.

Sen^Aó

béA^.

17.

SeAcc-béAj.

17th, SeAccri:)A6

béA5,

18.

0cc-béA5.

18th.

OccihAó béA5.

19.

WAOi-béAj.

19th. Maoií)ad

béA5.

20.

T]óe.

20th.

TiáGAÓ.

21. ?tof)

A'f

pice,

21st. ?loi;rbA6 a]\i

frjcib,

A017

Ai]i

picib,

one

(on)

twentieth.

22. Do

Pice,

22nd.

DorbAó

Ajft

f]c]^.

Aijt

i:]c]b.

Numerals

irom ten to

twenty

are

formed by annexing

the suffix

béA3,"

teen,"

(from

fee ic,

ten) to the simple

numerals

Aot}, bo,

cjti,

ceACAjt,

cujj,

&c.

Adjectives

come

after

the

nouns

with which they agree

;

numeral

adjectives, however, go

before

them.

When

number

greater

than

ten—

composed, of course,

the simple

numeral

and the

decimal

ending

b&<v5

—is

joined

to a noun,

the

latter

placed

neither before

nor

after

the

compound numeral,

but between

the decimal

end-

ing

(béA5)

and

the digit ; as,

2lt}o;r buó

ÓA

^eAti"-6ÓA5,

cIaí^o

lACO]b.

Now the sons of Jacob

were twelve.

—

Irish

Translation

the

Booh oj Genesis,

John Archbishop

Tuam.

Dublin—

Diffy.

the first

ten

numerals or

digits,

some

aspirate

;

others

eclipse ;

the rest cause no

change.

. ,.

vCoi;,

one.

Aspiration

-^,^^

^^^^^

except

the

expression,

feiv

b-cjijAU,

1 ,

two thirds ;

as,

b-cftiAT)

TneAccA

flejbcib,

Two-thirds snow

mountains.

SeACc,

seven, -\ and

the

compound

forms

„

•

yOcc,

eiííht,

/7,

9—

reACc-béA5, 17;

Echpsis by

<;^^^,

-.^^l >nrr-^^Ar.

;

i;A01-bC^A5,

SeACc,

seven,

and

the c(

Occ,

eight, /

7, 8,

Naoi,

nine, rocc-aóA5,

Oe|c,

ten,

)

19.

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

121

change

occurs

after

Cfte,

three,

Ce]i]xe,

four.

Cu(3, five.

Sé, six.

Tjce,

twenty.

^CjtocA,

tliirty,

&c.

Obs.—In English,

to a

question in

which

the

verb is

fully

expressed, the mere sign

the tense suffices for

answer

—

the rest

being

clearly

understood

from the ques-

tion put ; as, in the

following.

Have

you

gojie

town

to-

day ? I have. Do you

/ji^a^ on

the

harp

I do.

Will

your friend

always

remembered by

you? He shall.

To the

reply,

have," the

word

gone,"

is understood

;

to the phrase,

I do," the

word

play"

is understood

;

and

be remembered," is clearly

supposed to

come after the

answer,

he shall," in the

foregoing

sentences.

In Irish, however, no such

suppression as

this

pointed

out does or can

occm-, for the

idea of time

is expressed

the

verbal

ending,

which

accordingly

necessites

the

enunciation

the entire verb; as,

ad 5fiC\6ui5e<\nn

m&?

Do you love me?

5|tA8iii5iTr),

I do

(love). ^

&-cioc"pai6"

cu bo'r)

5-cA|tiiAi5?

Will

you

come to

the rock?

C]oc-

"pAO," I

shall (come)

;

see page 108.

Do, did, may,

can, might, coidd,

shall,

xcill,

when mere

signs of grammatical time, are

translated

into

Irish

by the

intiectipn

or ending

peculiar to each

tense, and conse-

quently the

verb must be,

even

in answering

to a question,

expressed fully.

VOCABULAEY.

Accompany

Cgo

^dth),

bul

;

please

accompany

us,

CAtiti

li^t),

ti)a

coil

é.

Azivre,

oOftti),

\]i,z--^o\\xr).

Clear,

sUr).

Cloudless, 5At) t)eul;

adjectives

end-

ing

less,

are

translated

the

preposition

gAr),

without

(Fr. sans),

governing

the noun

which

forms

the forepart

of the

adjectives;

spotless,

(without

spot),

reproachless,

(without re-

proach),

5AÍ1

rn)Al,

5An

cixif),

sans tache,

sans

reproche.

Constellation,

coirij^ieulc, m

Contemplate,

btxeAcrjUoA»

derived

from

b^eir, to

conceive, to

hold, to

judge.

Delia

(Bridget),

t»tti51i''

t>Ot)CA&.

Dionysius,

Denis,

Footstool, coir-rcól,

Freezing, A15 X]oc

;

Latin,

siccus.

|ieo

(freezing

hard)

;

122

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

Welsh,

rheu

;

^eoU\c,

ice

;

|ie-

olACAó,

to become icy.

Happiness,

vot)AX,

(from

i*of)A,

happy),

reur)'

'«•

Horn,

A&ATtc,

(ad

in the begin-

ning or

middle of words sounds

ei/)

pAoi

AÓAjfiqb,

under

horns, horned.

2lóAf\CAc,

horny.

I'i^nO)

horn, a

pin-

nacle, gable, peak, mountain.

Hence the names of

many

cliffs

mountains in

Scotland,

Ben-ivyvis

;

Ben-Lomond

;

Ben-

Nevis

;

—as

well

as in

Ireland

Ben-Burb

;

Ben-bulban

;

Ben-

Edair

(Howth).

Welsh,

pen means peak, or headland

;

as,

Penkillan. The name

Twelve Pens,

which the

twelve cilS's in Connemara are

called,

manifestly for "twelve

benns.'''

t)ent)Ac, horned,

curled, pei.ked,

nimbus-like,

pointed,

forked.

2lii 5eAllAc

benn^c,

the

horned

moon.

Heb.

bana,

T T

build

; T3,

Ben,

son, because

the

prop

of the family.

Ignatius,

"NAviur

;

'NAoti)

MAtii'tr

I050U,

St.

Ignatius

of Loyola.

Lawn, cluAt),

»».;

n;ACAine,

m.,

1T)A5,

Light, (lustre, effulgence),

leuf,

... (a blaze),

lAr^itv,

... (brightness),

roUir,

... (to ignite),

lAr,

...

(not hea^'y), e.vti-rnoiT».

Mercury,

Anise

heo

(i.e., quick-

silver).

Moon, 5eAllAc,

Miles, ?t)AolTT)uine (pr. as ttiAoltte),

from

njAol,

bald, shaven, de-

voted

;

as clerics

were

;

and

?f)uine,

Mary.

Night,

o|óce,/.,

(pr.

ee-cke),

as op-

posed to

\ix,

day ; r)Ocr, to-

night, opposed to Af) 1UÓ, to-day.

Opinion, bAt\Aii>Ail, f.

Orio

(Mount), remarkable for

being

the hill on which

SS.

Peter and

Paul suffered, is called by the

author of the

Roman Vision"

óticooc-CepAir,

the

golden

hill

of Cephas, or Peter.

Promenading,

TpAir&ineAcc,/.

;

de-

rived from

TP'M,

a space,

, a

little time

;

and

Air&it^,

/„

journey; i.e., walking

about

for

a time.

Reflect,

rrnuAineAB, leuttrniuAjoeAó.

O'Reilly, Ua Ra5aUac.

The

O'ReO-

lys were

Princes

East

Brefny, or Cavan

;

the

Ruati-

CA15,

0'Rourkes, Princes of

East

Brefny,

Leitrim.

HaqaIac,

from whom the family

took

its

name, lived

the

tenth

cen-

tury.

Terrace,

atx&íxt).

Threshold,

cAinre«^c,

(as if

cAnn

rreAc,

come

in)

; bofiur.

Throne,

a royal

chair,

cACAOtti

I1Í056A,/.

Vatican Hill, cnoc

^taioicai) : Vntes,

in old Latin

fates,

from

the Irish

v^ió,

prophet

;

and not, as Scalinger

derives

it,

from the

Greek

<p»'r-/]<;,

phates,

talker.

Vestibule,

póti&o|tuT,

Weather,

Aimrm>/-

;

frosty

weather

fine,

bf\eA5

Ajnjrin

rjocA.

EXERCISE

XXXIV.

1. Denis, are yovi after

tea?

^ Doi)ca6, a]i ol

cq»

(thy portion

of) cé?

2. I am;

(b'

oUf

—

I have

drunk it). 3.

Well,

the night is fine,

let us go out and

have

a short stroll on the

terrace, and

enjoy an agreeable

conversation

—

n)c]re ó cixfiU

b-puil at) o]6ce

bpeiv5

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

123

reijmiMi*

ATDAC A3u|*

&éAr)rnui]*

fpAir^lfieAcc

ai|i

at)

íi|tbAí),

A5ii|*

bióeAÓ AjAiDT)

cotT)|iA6

cokTCDeAtTjAC.

4. I

pleased;

but my

sister Dela

most anxious

that

should

remain

with her for

hour,

acc

zix

njo

6eA|tb-fiu|t

bni5i&

pAoj

feu^l n)o]]i

50 b-f

AT)pAir)T)

Ajce

Ai|t

peAO

uAijie.

5. Well,

ask

her

to accompany us. 6. Yes,

shall

(lAfi^Ab).

Delia,

will

you be

pleased

(A|t

n)Aic

leAc)

to accompany

Miles O'Reilly and myself while taking

a promenade

the

tei'race? 8.

I shall

{]]•

itjaic

1^0117);

am just

so glad

to be able to

gain

something from your wisdom. Well,

what

beautiful night

9. (iMiles)

—It is a

very

beautiful

night,

indeed. 10.

(Delia) —

It is freezing hard

—is

it not?

(Ca

ye A15

^loc

5eufi

—

r)c^c b-pii|l?) 11.

is freezing

hard,

for all the

signs

(corT)A|irAi6

fiocA)

of frost are appa-

rent

(polur) ;

the

sky

cloudless

and azure; the

wind

blowing from the north

{cix t^a jaoc o'tj

cuai6)

;

the stars

sparkle very

brilliantly

{c'a

t)a

|teulcA

A13

beAl^tAO

Ar)lof)|tAc)

;

the atmosphere (<\r)

c-Aeft)

is intensely cold,

and my

brother James told me the mercury was very, low

(r1or

Tt)óti).

12. (Denis)

—Delia,

do you

like frosty wea-

ther?

13.

Yes, very much. 14.

like to

walk

out at

night

when all is

still—

not a sound to be heard ; when

earth

is, as

it were, going to slumber

('t)uai|i a

c<v

caIait),

mA|x

beiÓeAÓ,

fcul ai)1)

fii^iT)),

the

moon in her horns

(30

be<vT)t)Ac

vo, p<voi

AÓAiftcib),

shining,

as she is to

night, in

clear

sky,

Avhile the stars, like sentinels

(tT)A|i luce

pAi|te)

before

the threshold of Heaven

(oy

con)A]]x

&o|xuir

uejriie),

hold

out

their lights

(leu|-A)

pointing to that home above where

light

(roluv)

eternal

dwells. 15.

(Miles)

—

It is sweet,

indeed,

ponder on these things, and raise ourselves

above

earth

;

saying, if the vestibule is so luminous, how glorious

must the dwelling of the Great

King

—if the

footstool

is so beautiful, what must His throne be

! 16.

(Delia)

—

Oh, in that land of

eternal

brightness, there

no sun,

moon

—

God himself

is the light, and

glory, and

happiness

of the citizens

of heaven.

17.

(Denis)—You

put me

mind of what

told of

St.

Philip

Neri

(ad

r^^^in

bei^ceA]t

cAob

MAoiri)

Pil]p

Mefi^)

and of

the

great

Saint

Ignatius Loyola,

who, when

gazing from

Mount

Orio, near

tiie Vatican Hill, in

Rome

(j* ao

Hoim)

on the

sparkling

124

gELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

threshold

of Heaven

(ahi

jeACA

óeAlftAc

t)a

b-^4AiceAr)

yearned

for that home

beyond the stars

where

our dear

Lord

dwells in glory.

18. (Delia)—Indeed

such

thoughts

are

natural

; for

contemplating

(ai5

bfieACT)H5A6)

the

heavens

(Ajft

i)éiri))

often

call to

mind

(]y

n)^^^c cuiri)-

T1U151TT)

Aifi)

what faith

tells

us of

that place which God

has

prepared for

those

who love him," and say,

our

country's

adage,

there

is no glory

to be

compared with

the

glory

of heaven"

—

m'l 3IÓ111

rnA|i

slo^jt

x}^]rt)e.

19.

(Miles)

—

Although

such

thoughts

are

natural, and

ought

strike

any

one,

how

few

there are who

make

such

re-

flections

—

5|6

b-f

u]l |Tr)UAiT)cé

n)A]t yo TjAbujtbA,

A3iif'

buó

cóifi

A ceAcc

Aur»

ir)r)cii)

3AC

isuine, nAC

beA3

?5f^Ar»A|-

yn)u<x]x)ze.

rr}i^]i ]A'a? 20.

(Denis)

—That is true

;

all

arises

(ei]ti3eAt)n

trjeuo

yo)

from not thinking. 21.

(Delia)

—

feel

chilly

(cA puAcc

o]vv-y^)

;

it is

time

to go in.

22.

(Miles)

—I thought

we were to

say

something

about

the

constellations.

23.

(Denis)

—It is too late

now

;

besides

my dear

sister feels chilly. 24. (Delia) —The clock

strikes.

25. (Miles)—

What

hour is it? 26. (Denis)—

only

nine

o'clock,

suppose. 27. (Delia)

—

One,

two,

three,

four,

five,

six, seven,

eight, nine, ten

—

have

counted

ten

(&o

c.on)A|ft rve

At)

feejc) 28.

(Denis)—

It is ten

o'clock,

but you

must remain with us

till

eleven

at least

—

acc

ca]c-

y^6 cu

pADDAcr

30 b-ci

A0i>feéA5

Ai]t

At) lv\3Aft

(pr.

lly-adh).

29.

(Miles)

—I

am sorry I cannot wait

long;

yet I shall

to see your father and mother,

your

bro-

ther, and sister

Jane.

TWENTY-THIRD

LESSON.

In this Lesson

shoion the manner in zchich

the

plural

nouns in Irish

formed.

The student -who

is acquainted with no other

language

but

English,

thinks the way in

which the

plural

of nouns is formed

the

language he

speaksis

very sinaple

;

yet

actually the inflections

which characterize,

English nouns, the

formation of the plural,

are very varied,

as may be

perceived

even from the

few following examples

—man, men

;

foot, feet

;

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

125

COW, kine

;

child, children

;

box, boxes ; ox,

oxen

;

arch,

arches

;

elf,

elves

;

ruff,

ruffs

;

fly, flies

echo, echoes

;

tyro,

tyroes

;

money,

monies

;

penny, pence

;

deer, deer

;

alms, alms.

In Hebrew and in the Romance

languages,

the

formation

of the

plural

is not difficult.

But in Latin and in

Greek, the manner in which nouns

form

the

plurnl

much

complex.

The student must, in order to

able to tell

with ease and

fluency the

plurals of

all kinds

of nouns

in these

ancient

languages, devote

much time to their study, and

familiar with

their

several

forms of

declension.

The

formation

of tlie

plural of Irish

nouns has

been con-

sidered very

difficult, yet we

shall

endeavour to

make

simple as

possil^le.

classifying Irish

nouns

have observed,

in the

for-

mation of their

plural, a feature

common to

nouns in

the

Latin

and

Greek

vocabularies

—

a feature,

too, not

foreign

English,—that

one

class takes an additional

syllable in

forming the plural;

another class

n\evelj

Í7i/lects

the

Jinal

syllable.

The latter are

called parisyllabic,

or equal

in the

number

of syllables ;

the former,

imparisyllabic, or

unequal

in the number of

syllables.

The plm'al of

Irish nouns is, therefore,

formed from

the

singular chiefly in

both these

ways

First

—

bi/ a change

in the

final

syllahle.

Secondly

—

annexing an

additional

si/llahle.

The

question arises,

what class of nouns forms the plural

mere

change

the

final syllable

; and

what class by

annexing to

an additional

syllable

Rule I.—

All masculine

nouns

(See

Seventeenth Lesson,

Rule

for

knoAving the Gender, page

93,)

ending

single or

double

consonant, preceded immediately

one

the

broad vowels a,

u," form the plural from the

sin-

gular by

mserting the slender vowel

—

after

o.,

SINGULAR.

PLURAL.

?tbriAT),

a song.

^bfxAit),

songs.

?Í6bAfi,

reason;

cause,

ma-

^obAfft,

reasons,

causes.

terial,

^rjfoj,

misery (from

ad,

not

;

^uf

015,

miseries.

and'

^05,

ease,

prospe-

rity).

126

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

bAOJAl,

danger.

bocAjt,

a road, a

highway.

Ooti^An,

the world.

5Ab<\]t (Latin,

caper)

a goat.

3<\ÓA|t, a

beagle.

^or)'cf)u]',

a treasure.

Le]5Ai*,

cure.

Pe<\c<\6,

sin.

S3iobol,

barn.

CeAH^poU (Latin, templum),

a church.

PLURAL.

b<\05Ail,

dangers.

bocA])i,

roads,

highways.

Don)AiT),

worlds.

5AbAi|a,

goats.

^AÓAjfi,

beagles.

]oT)riiui^,

treasures.

l.ei5Ai|-,

cures.

PeACAiÓ,

sins.

S5ioboil,

barns.

CeAropo]ll,

churches.

Nouns

masculine

ending

ac,

not

only

have

the

vowe

inserted,

but

change

the

aspirated (c)

into

—

bACAc,

cripple.

beAllAC, a passage,

way.

SDAttcAC,

rider.

S^uUac,

a summit.

S]ooT)Ac,

a fox.

UaUac, a load,

obligation.

bACAi5,

cripples.

beAlL\i3,

ways.

2Da|icai5,

riders.

215uIIai5,

summits.

Sioi)r)Ai3,

foxes.

UaUaij,

loads, obligations.

Obs.

—This

change

in the final syllable,

by inserting

before

the last

consonant

consonants, is called

by gram-

marians

Attenuation^

making

slender, because the syllable

which

]

inserted is no longer pronounced

broadly,

but

rather with a

slender, fine-drawn enunciation

; for

ex-

ample,

Ab|tAn,

in the

singular

number, is pronounced

aio-

raivn;

in the

plui'al

Ab|tAir),

{axvraxo-in,

—the

last

two

syllables being

pronounced, as much as possible,

in one)

—

so,

AóbAfi,

aw-ioar;

and in the

plural,

\'6\)<\\]\, áw-ioldr

;

\o\j~

tr;Ar,

^ treasure,

iemcus;

the

plural,

ioj)thAir,

ienwish.

Exception

—Some

nouns of

this class

have a

double

form in the

plural.

^mseAl,

an angel,

b|olAp,

water-cresses.

i.eAbA|t, a

book.

teADb,

child.

%in3|l,

Ap)5l]8, angels.

biolAi]i, b|olfiA,

water-

cresses.

LeAbA^it, leAb|iA,

books.

Lejub, leAT^bA,

children.

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

127

SINGULAR.

ZUftACAH,

carrot

parsnip.

Uav,

a lamb.

PLURAL.

213eACAit},

rneACHA,

caiTots.

Uahj,

uAtjA,

lambs.

Exception 2.

—

Some

words of one syllable insert

but

drop

the

broad vowel ;

—

2Í3ac, a

son.

t)TteAc,

a trout.

Cec^VV,

a head.

25 nice

Apr), pole

(of

the

earth).

VeAjt,

a man.

PeArjT}, a pen.

SjT)feA|t,

progenitor.

2i)]c,

sons.

h]x]c,

trouts.

C]r)v,

heads.

20iilciw,

poles.

TFljt,

men.

PlOD,

and

peAT)T)A, pens.

S]r))-l}t,

progenitors.

Rule

—Some

words

of two

syllables

ending

vowel remain parisyllabic,

but change

the final syllable by

inserting

c (smooth)

vowel;

as,

bAile,

town.

LeiTje,

a shirt.

Cuille,

stake,

baton.

CuA^ne,

corner.

CiirrjA,

a form,

a way,

manner.

2t)úille,

a mule.

Z!^e^r)e, a fire.

CeAr)5A, a

tongue.

(aspirated)

before

the

final

bA^lce,

towns.

'Le]x)ze, shirts

CuA^Uce,

and

cuA^llreACA.

CuA^nre, corners.

CurnA^o, forms, ways

;

also

cumcA,

is a form of its

plural.

2t3ii]llce, and

rr)u]Ui6,

mules.

Cejoce,

fires.

CeAt)5CA,

tongues.

Other few nouns form the

plural

in different

ways

; as,

ClAbA||te, a

blab.

ClAbA||ii6,

blabs.

Dujoe, a person.

DAoirje,

persons,

people.

CAO|tA,

sheep.

CA0|tAi5,

sheep.

TFile,

a poet.

VUi^,

poets.

Ci5eA|it)A,

lord.

CiseAitrjAjO,

lords.

VOCABULAEY.

CAUm,

, the earth, land.

all,

pleasure,

will.

2lic,

(pr.

aith

short), pleasure, fancy,

2lfxtiAccAc, Harriet.

CeAr)rA,

meek,

mild.

Cle,

left

;

lAii)

cle,

left hand.

DeACAitt,

difficult.

28 SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

&lA|xn)uib

(from Oja, God,

and

Ayi-

it)ui5>,

arms

;

iDoss.

plural

AtiTT) ;

Latin,

arma),

Dermot,

Darby.

2i)Act1lArirTmic>, Mac-

Diarmod, or,

as it

is now

spelled, MacDeruiott, a fa-

mily

name

of the highest

anti-

quity and of

princely

origin.

The

royal house of O'Connor,

the MacDermotts,

O'Eorkes,

and O'Keillys, are descended

from Eooa,

supreme King of

Connaught, Ulster, and

Meath,

in the

fourth century.

OeAf,

adj,,

&eii"e,

2^oss. case

fern.,

right ;

as, At)

tieAr

lAtt),

the

right hand';

handsome; as,

caj-

lin

&eAr,

handsome girl. It

means also

south

;

because

the

Druids of

old, turning to the

rising

sun, for the

purpose of

adoring—

did the

Jewish

priests and

Hebrew

people

the

East in

worshipping God

—had

the

riylu hand

(&eAr)

towards

what we

call the

south;

and to

which accord-

ingly they

gave the same name

that by

which they deno-

minated

the hand turned in

that direction.

For the same

reason

they

called the North cuac, or

the

country to

the

left

hand—

from

cuAi;,

the left

hand

; and the

west,

lA)!,

behind, hinder,

rear-ward,

because it

was to

them, on

this occasion,

the

land to which the back was

turned.

The East is called

"oj^,"

from

"oitx,"

over,

front

;

from an

old word of

the

same

orthography

signifying light,

allied in

meaning

with the

Hebrew word tin,

or, light

;

with

which the modern Irish

term for gold,

ótx,

is identified

—

a metal with

vvhose kindred

brilliancy

the

beams of

the

rising

Sim light up the eastern

sky.

O't)

seAf,

from the south,

southerly

; as,

5A0C

ó'o

&eAr,

south wind ;

o'n

cUA)i:,

from the

north, northerly

;

as,

5AOC o'r)

cuAic,

north wind;

ó'n

lAft,

the west, westerly;

as,

5A0C

o't)

]Afi,

wejst wind

;

o'r)

0|n,

in the

east, easterly

;

as, 5A0Í:

o'r)

0)ti,

east

wind. From

these four

words are

formed

many

deri-

vatives, some

of which

shall,

in the

coming Lessons,

present

our

readers.

t5ott;AT),

m.,

Ajr),

^j/.,

the

world, in

its physical and

moral accepta-

tion

;

as,

z'A

Ar)

&oit)At)

bul ÍA\\.z,

the world is going round ; ca

Ar)

&on)At)

A15

bul

bo'r) i)Ot)AT*,

the

world is

going to

misfor-

tune.

SA05AI,

m,,

Aftpl;

the

world

;

the

life

of man—

the Latin

sceculum

; as,

c*v Ar) tao^aI

TTjAft

ceo,

this

world

passes

away like

shadow.

C|iuinr)e,/., the

physical world: the

earth

;

the globe.

lll|t,

the earth, soil ;

mould

;

A5Ur

bjoeAD At)

uiri

rin]Ti)

^eicnoc,

and let the

dry land

appear.

—

Irish

Genesis,

i. v. 9.

Cyxe,

m.,

clay

;

as, ca

re rínc^

r'^0

5C|ié, he is

laid

the elay.

Icfft, /,

the

clay, or

soil

dug up

;

arable land, land

producing

corn.

Gujl, f.,

tmiUe,

pi,

expectation, de-

sire, wish

;

as,

cA SUil

A5An)

leir,

I expect

him

;

z'A trnil

A5An>

ftul At)t), I

wish to

go to

it.

Ou]l,

{

element,

creature

;

as,

Cp.n-

cui5reo|tx

r)A f)-&ul,

the

Creator

the

elements.

SlAojó,

call

;

(Greek,

>£«^sa',

kaJeo.)

leAcc, ?«.,

a lesson, written or

im-

parted.

lejoeAr),

m.,

lesson ; also

learning

;

from

leij,

read thou.

leAcc is

also a mound, a

grave, a pile

stones heaped

together in me-

mory of the dead.

TAibleAcc,

from

cAii),

sleep,

plague, death,

and leAcc;

Tallaght, near