Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

109

What

is little is sweet (there

Civ bU^|•

a]\\

ad"

rn-beAS^p

is taste

071 the

scanty

meal).

3A|i|t6A,

eclipsed hj

rj;

ciof,

; b,

bA^le, by TT7;

beASAT)

by n^, according

to the terms

the rule.

Exception

—To

this rule

nouns

singular, w'hose first

letter is

are

exceptions,

because

the letter

r)" of

the

article

av,

which precedes

them, is itself

of cognate

origin

with

or &

;

as,

Thy

will

done

earth

00 T)-béAr)rA|t

so co]l

a]]i

as it is in heaven. at?

caIah)"

TrjAjt 5i)]óceA|t

A]ii

tJeAri).

Everything

(in)

the

Iw^ie^vr)

5AC r)]6

Ai]t

u-07^ld

passes

away like

at;

borij^i^r),"

iDAjt

At)

3-ceo.

a vapour.

would

well

to except also from

this rule

nouns

be-

ginning

with

for as its eclipsing

letter

i;,

the

article

au,

answers the purpose fully

as well

; Ex.

—

Ai)

Ions ^1'^

5Ait}eATT)''

^-ny

at)

cii]le

beij-

cTtíxjAÓ,

The bark was

still there but the waters

were

gone

;

literally

—the bark was

on the sand and

the

tide after

ebbing.

The

3AineAn5,

here not eclipsed,

because

of the

article

ad,

dispenses with

its use.

Initial

followed

by a

vowel,

or any

of the liquids

v), ]t, is eclipsed in

accordance with

this

rule,

though

ex-

cepted from

the

others

; as,

Now

Jacob had pitched

his

%i\)o-\x

a]3 jACob a

tent

OM the

mountain.

boi

riMo^^

"^ll''

rleib."

Or,

in the

words

of the angels to

Lot

—

No, but we

shall

remain

on W]

feAÓ,

acc

pAr)f

Arnuib

the

street

during

tlie

Ai]t

ai;

c-|']i^.tí5"

freAÓ

tja

night.

b-oiDce.

Who created

and

placed

CfA

c|tuéui5

A3iif cui|i a]ti

you

the world.

at; c-]-ao5aÍ" cu?

110

SELF-IXSTRUCTIOX

IN IRISH.

any of

the consonants

b, c,

t-,

;

tind

not I,

T'j

vowel follow

at the beginning

word, no

change,

either ecUpsis or

aspiration ensues, because, nor

nor

aspirated

(h),

could unite with any

these

letters;

as,

^-AO)

f5Ac"

Ai; c|tA]t),

under

the shade of the

tree;

Veiviifi cAjiAb

'fAt)

3-CUAI11C

't)<v

boot)

'i*

At)

|-pA|iivn,"

friend

court

is better than

a groat (taken in

wade

sense

for

money)

the

purse

;

]•,

f^Ar,

is not aspirated

y:is.o\

;

nor

rpAHAt)

eclipsed,

because

neither

a vowel

nor

liquid

consonant immediately follows initial

never eclipsed

except in the two instances

pointed out

-firstly,

as in

the foregoing examples,

when with the

article (At), the) going before, it

governed by

one

of the simple prepositions

;

and secondlj', in those

cases

in which

other consonants

suffer aspiration— for

instance,in the nominative

and

objective

cases of

feminine nouns singular,

and

in the possessive caso

nouns

masculine preceded

the

article.

(See

Sixth Lesion, Excep-

tion

31,

Pakt I.)

On this

account some Irish

grammarians consider

that

shovdd

not

be ranked

among

those

consonants

which

suffer eclipsis,

since it is

not

influenced

those eclipsing causes

which

aU'ect the

mutes. (See Table

0Í Eclipsis.)

Exception

—

The simple prepositions

be,

;

bo, to

;

5AT),

without;

and

i&iti,

e|&ifi,

between,

do not

always,

being followed by the article

(the), produce eclipsis;

many

instances are found in which aspiration alone occurs

its

stead; as, he went to town, bo

cuaiÓ

]*e

bo't)

b^ile

ri)5||i.

b^ile

is aspirated,

and not

eclipsed, although

according

rule, the article

and

governing preposition

precede it.

It appears right, on general ^jrinciples,

that

there should

such

exception as this just noticed, a^jd

that it would

be better

conform

the general rule.

The

prevailing

usage among our

people, however,

lends

great

weight

to this second exception.

(See Dr.

O'Donovan's Ii-ish Gram-

mar,

pp.

393, 304.)

the

Ninth Lesson

we showed that when the article

(ad,

the)

not expressed,

the

noun suffers aspiration, and

not

eclipsis, after

the

preposition.

Yet there are

four pre-

positions

—

in;

&A]i,

by (in

swearing);

iA|t,

after;

|iia,

before

—

which

eclipse

the

noun they govern, although

the

article

be not

expressed

;

as,

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

Ill

Tarii

to-day, I call

the mighty power

of the

Holy

Trinity.

By (the)

hope,

there.

He is in Dublin

;

Cork.

After

Easter.

"?t

b-CeAibfiAls"

At?

iu6

5-CojtCA15.

3-CAirs-

Obs.

—

The

prepositions,

Atjr),

in;

50, to;

|a|i, after;

le,

with;

c|te, through,

going before the article

ad,

take

an-

nexed

for sound's

sake,

on account

of the vowel

of the

article

;

as,

m the

town,

Ar)t) ad

m-bAile

;

is written,

Aorjf"

rn-

bAiJe;

and

contractedly,

rn-h<\-\\e,

TD-bCvjle; i?i

the phice,

Ai3f ad

a^c;

he came

across the country,

ca]dic

]-e

cfte^i""

AD ci|i;

Dublin,

b^ile ^tc-cliAc

;

but to

tiie town

(Avith

the article)

511^

ai; nhbAjle.

When

ATir)

employed the

euphonic

is,

by some,

put

before

the

vowel

of the

article,

this

following the ear

chiefly as

their guide

;

but

Dr.

O'Donovan

remarks,

belongs to the

preposition, not

to the article."

This

certain,

well from the

authority just quoted,

from

analogy;

for

le,

with,

becomes

leir

;

ctie, cfieAr;

therefore Aiit),

should

Antif.

Latin

and

Greek

too, a,

ah, becomes

ahs

; and

é,

el:s,

i.e., ex,

before a

vowel.

VOCAEULARY.

2Ii-l'.iAin,

m.,

Athlone; (the ford of

warriors); Uu\r) means

also

'moon," as,

OiA-luA;n.

Mon-

day

;

dies liinae. The former

derivation

preferable.

boÍAit,

m., a

road; Avay

;

street;

Ajti

AT) nj-bocA]^,

on the

road

;

boÍAiTt lAtinAjf),

a railroad,

road of iron

;

like the French

chemin

defer;

Italian, candno

ferro.

Cóilt,

adj.

just

;

courteous

; n.

justice.

CójiAc, equitable

; upright.

CotjcubAtt, j)ronoiinced

as if wi'itten

CijocubAn,

(derived from cor),

possessive

jjlural,

heroes

;

and

cubAft, careful

of, fond

of,

)

the

Irish

O'Connor;

also

of the Christian

name

—

Cor-

nelius.

CooOAcc,

the

province

Con-

iiaught

;

fi-om copt),

of heroes

;

and

Acr,

a termination,

tas

in Latin,

tion

French

or English,

peculiar

very

manyderivative

words.

Others

derive it from

the

proi^er name

—

Coi)

(of the

Hundred

Bat-

tles)

;

but

the

province

was

called

Counaught

long

before

the time

of that

monarch.

CorAio,

v., defend

;

inf.

cofAirjr.

Cwi-i^t), m.,

(from

cor,

a foot,)

way, a pathway.

t)ub, black;

7i.

m.,

ink

;

tJU^Ar;,

blackness

;

bubArj,

a kidney

;

a hook

;

a snare

; bubAr)

lAf-

SAllieAccA,

fish

hook

;

bubAc,

in., ink

;

any black liquid

;

adj., melancholy,

sad-looking,

dismal

; bubAcAf,

sadness,

me-

lancholy

;

oubAS.Af},

?»., an

ink-

horn, or ink-bottle

;

bubAi5eir),

the deep

;

the

dark

ocean

;

(from bub and

A-seiri,

ocean).

112

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

tJujbe, adj.,

more black;

/.,

blackness,

darkness.

3aU, m.,

a Gaul;

foreigner; an

Englishman.

From

this

root

derived

SaíUiiÍ),

Galway,

"the

town

of the

strangers

andt>uD-nA-5AU, Donegal, "the

fort

of the strangei-s.

" To

this

day the

terms 5Ael, Gael,

and

5aU,

stranger, are

common

use amongst

the peasantry, to

denote

Catholic and Protest-

ant, the latter

—for the

greater

part—

being to the

natives

SAjU,

I.e., aliens, in race, in

country,

and

creed.

SaUsa, foreign

in dress, in lan-

guage,

tone.

lr)T)ir,

V. tell

;

Inf.,

]r)r)reAcr,

and

Itji^ireAó

;

(from

in,

;

and

vjor,

knowledge;)

to make a

thing

known

to another.

Loc,

in.,

a lake

;

Latin, lacvs ; Ita-

lian, lago

;

Greek,

"hccy.-M^.

loc-oA-n]Ac,

Loughrea.

lor)5,

(See Exception

3 to Eule

a ship.

loi)5

reojl,

sail-

ing vessel

;

lorjs

5AiUe,

steamer

;

5a;1,

means

steam

;

SAjlle,

(poss. case) belonging

steam

;

the French,

bakau

vapeur.

Ojleixr),

m., island.

Ojleiii} ii]\,

the new island

; New-

foundland

;

sometimes

applied

the

whole continent

America.

O)-

C|oi}r),

at the head

;

above ; oy

c;or,ri

5AC r)]6,

above every

thing.

PtxAjerjeAc,

solicitous,

earnest

; de-

voted

to with

enthusiasm.

5,1,

(spelled also

X'^o]^)

think

;

inj.

rjleAó.

SAorAft,

ni.,

labour;

TAoÍA|tAc, la-

borious.

So]\ih, prosperous,

happy.

So|ttbi5iTt), 1 prosper

;

r^'in^tj

C|5ev\nnA

ru,

Since the

Lord

has

prospered you.

ron\b!5e

OjA

tJVMc, God speed

yoa

;

the parting farewell

the Irish peasantry.

CttAill,

/;,

slave

;

servant

; a das-

tard.

Sax

thrael

;

Eng. thrall.

CjiAiUeAc, slavish; cjviV]UeAcc,

slavishness.

CjteAb, m.,

a tribe ; a family.

Cas

citeAb

Ati leir

What

is the tribe

which

he be-

longs

? Latin,

tribus.

CiveAbAc,

m.,

one of

tribe..

Also

farmer.

Cotij-rtteAbAc, m.,

one of the^me

tribe.

Welsh,

kiddtrevaiig.

t)[-cfié

Ab.\c,

?«., a

hermit: one

se-

parated from his kith

and kin.

t5í-í:neAV.,

TO.,

wilderness,

an her-

mitage.

Welsh,

didreuvar

: a

wilderness.

C^eAbAb,

m., ploughing.

C|\eAbvV;fie,

to.

ploughman.

C|i]All, V.

repair, devise

;

go, march,

travel.

clAcr, a superficies ; the earth,

a portion of it ;

a region

; a

market town, a churchyard

green

;

vesture, covering

;

its

secondary

meaning

is, beauty,

loveliness ;

again,

pleasure, sa-

tisfiictiou arising from the

en-

joyment

0Í

what is agreeable

;

delight,

endearment,

delecta-

tion.

ClAccii)Atii

pleasant,

handsome, fine,

agreeable

Z\i,czn)\\\.\cz,

agreeableness,

de-

lightfulness.

CIacc-5|\ai:acc,

topography

;

irom

cIacc, and

5itAi:AÓ,

an old

Irish

verb,

signifying to write. Gr.

yfciipejj

grapho.

EXERCISE

XXXII.

So liv

b|ieA3,

SbaAiijuif?

bitSAg &,

bii|-

óevACAj'

t)o

DblA.*

3. Mac ujoc

c;\

cu, An)A|l Ijonj

pé(i),

Note—In Irish

and the

()

arc mere

marks of

Aspiration. When-

ever,

therefore, it

happens, as it

sometimes

must, that

placed aft^r

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

113

Ajft

At}

m-boc<\ifi?

rvoc

30 &e]rniu,

A^fi

At) Tt7-

bocA]|t. 5.

lJ-|:uiL

T5cul

mxAó

(new

story

—

news)

Ai|t

b]c

A5A&

ÓATt)? 6.

ÍH)Ai]-e, v]

b-^tiil

|-5eul t;uAr>

Ai]t

b|c

asah^

Ouic.

7. b'

f:eibi|t

b-puil;

t)]

]tAib

]tiArn

5Ar)

y^enX

ei5io

biiine,

ói|t

civ cu

í:aoi 'n

3-CA1I

(under

the repute)

—A

be]c

5iieAi:)ri)An,

(entertaining, funny)

tDeijieAc

(merry)

;

A5n]-

ijAc

ro-beiÓeAÓ

cu]|tfe

(weariness)

Ai|t

Aot)

biiine a

beióeAÓ Ai|t

AT)

rt7-bocA|t,

Aifi

at)

i)7;opc

Ar)n

AonpeAcc

leAC.

8. 5o

tiAib

rnAic

A5A& a

ConcubAift,

5-corn-

tjujóe

cói|i,

clAccri^Ait,

|*iAmt'Ac

(mirthful).

M'll

aí5

|ia6 a

SeAmuir,

acc

Ati^ATi;

(but only)

ai)

v]^

civ

5AC

&uit;e

ftívó

ope. 10.

>*AbA

c-Am

A5Art)

pAil

(pro-

nounced quickly

one

syllable

fah-yil)

c^y^z a 6eAt;A6

leAc

—CA

m-bibeAur)

Auoif

A15

cori)i;ui5?

11.

Civ

AjiAf

dwelling)

a^att?

'uu

JAtt 30 OAiUirb

—

^bA^le a

5-Coi;r)ACc,

rui5ce

(situated)

ai]i

ai) 5-cuai%

12.

civ

|:]ot*

AjAm;

bA^le é

]*ir)

civ

a^^

e]fti5

rnóit;

bA^le

civ

Auoif

Ai|t

at)

5-cofivT)

bJiteAC

o]leA.i)

úji, a3U|* bA^le a15 a

b-puil

leoft

A15

ceAcc

3AC

liv

3AC

ci\iitbe

(quarter, direction)

;

^5"r fóf

c]ox)\')

5AC

v\6

bAile Anr)

b-pujl

A|t

b-ceAr)3A

buccATi*

T^^^^'l

")eA|*. 13.

1!)| cfieib

ua OAiUirbe

a 3-corr)i)ui5e

pitiviÓineAc

ceAn3v\

a h-acatiac,

the

tribes of Galway

were

always

studiously

fond

of the

language of

their fa-

thers.

14. _?lcc

r)Afi

CA]nic

ocAiibnACAUt

G^Amoi)

aiji

Air?

15.

Cai^ic;

fAoil

(I thought)

j^\.\\\

^tAjb n?é

at3

inreAcc

bu^c

Ajp.

16.

Hi itAbAn*.

17.

2t3Ai|-e CApiic

r©

bAile.

18.

V^x)

Ai)

Oileivi)

ú[i

a b]

re?

19.

SeAÓ.

20. b-pujl

leoji

Aiji5ib Aije

A15

ceAcc bo?

21.

11]

b-iru]!

Ai5e

leoji

Aifi5ib,

oijx

ij] b-pujl

i*e

ai)ij acc

bli-

AJATj,

A5u|-

c-AtT)

olc le

rA0íicu5AÓ

b'piv5Ail

;

X)]

b-pu]!,

Aifi

At) ívóbAfi

I'lu,

mójiAu

Ai]t5ib Ai5e.

22.

?tt)

n-bejit

nió Aiji

b|c

mAjc

aiji

ci]t

A5uf

a^x

t)A

bAoir)ib?

Oe]ft

|*e

5ujt

rpAjC

Ai; ivjc

j ;

b-pujl

t)A

bAOjoe

5AT) cjtAjl-

one

the

nine

aspirable

consonants,

it has,

should

be remembered, no

other

effect on

that

consonant than

what the

(•) dot,

had it been

placed

ever

the

said consonant,

would have

produced.

bb,

therefore, is

the same as 6.

c\),

...

S^J»

•••

pT).

...

bij»

...

i>,

&c.

See

page 19.

114 SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

\e<scc,

fAOft,

có[tAC, |*^ocA]tAC,

ouójiAC.

24.

]lA]h

Ain7|*||t

bpeA5

'i^lS®

^''U^

^'^

t)-f

Afftuse?

25.

jtAjb

AjiDnfi

bfteA5

Ai5e Ai]v

V)-f.*Ai|ift5e

—

ax)

5A0C iv|i&,

At) ypé]\i

pAo^

&ii-

bAi;

A5iir

iMTJiib

i;o

i)eul a^i ai;

D^iiéir)

ajix

|:eAÓ

liv. 26.

?tr)

Ajii

loiT)3

yeo][

bo ca]í)1c

|-e?—

was it in a sailing

ves-

sel

he came?

27.

feA6;

acc

Ai|t

Ioidt;

3AiUe

(pro-

noiuiced in two

syllables,

gahi/il-le;

gahyil,

as one syllable;

no,

but in a steamer).

28.

C]a at)

a]!)") civ

A^jt

at)

loit)5

SA^lle

A|ft

b-CAii)ic

]-e? 29.

P\\\o\iX'S

Ulbeitc.

30. %kr)

Ai)n

OAiUitb

cii||t

fjAb

vceAc a ^^-cuAr)?

—was it at

Gal-

way

they put into harbour?

31.

reAÓ.

32.

Oa|i

n/pocAil

cATt)ii]b

T)5A|i

l.oc-i)A-|t)Ac

(X-ouglirea)

;

|*o

be]

fie

TT)'Aifxi]te-|*e, ad

iu6.

33. Ij-pii]!

cui-a

a]5

but

b-pAb? 34.

rrje

bul

?íc-Iuau,

35.

Tai) l|orn-rA

Ai)n

i;occ

A5ii|*

bejoiji ado,

aid

leoit a

ii9C\itAc.

36.

]iAib

r^Aic

A5Ab,

frAupAb.

37.

2i)Aife,

civ piv^lce jtoibAc,

Tt)A

pAipA^ft.

38.

pAijpAb;

citjAllpAb \]on), 39. 5o

fe][t-

bi5;e

0]a

bujc.

TWENTY-FIRST

LESSON.

Obs.

—

All

verbs

beginning with

one of the seven

mute consonants

(b,

b, c,) are eclipsed after

particles

of interrogation

—

ad,

whether;

(for

at)),

whe-

ther;

i)Ac,

whether

not;

ca,

where;—also

after

50,

that,

would

that;

bA,

if, suppose

;

(sign

of the

conditional

mood);

itjuda,

if not; and after

i)ac (relative

pronoun),

who not

;

which

not

; as,

•

'•

?tt)

b-pujl"

njAic?

Are you well?

5-cliiit)"

n)e?

Do you hear

me?

Mac

b-cui3eAi)i)"

j-e

cu?

Does he not

understand

you?

Ca b-pujl"

0|A?

Where is

God?

b-puil"

^ióAiri)?

Where

art thou,

Adam?

m-beicea" Ai)n

t)|

Hadst Thou

been here

3<^bp^^6 xx)o 6eA[ib-b|tA-

brother

had

not died.

oilfi

bivf.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

115

•*

2t)iir)A

b-cjocpAjo''

x\<xiy

a]]i

tliey

-will not come

cfi|,

beiói&

rnidl.

three, they shall be late.

Tt)-be<M)r)ui5"

D]<\ feiqc.

May

God save you.

Obs.

—

who, which

;

when

nommative

case,

causes

asph'ation

;

(See

Fourteenth

Lesson,

first paragraph,

79),

but

when

objective case,

governed

by a

preposition

ex-

pressed

suppressed,

causes eclipsis

;

as,"

?ti)

<s-\]i a"

n7-b|ioi) cu

He on loliom

thou

hast be-

5]iC\ó.

stowed love.

Tao,

^iU

V^^o

Stay,

and

not

return to

o'a"

&-cu5Air

cul,

—

Ho-

the fight

to ichich

thou

merf

524,

I. hast given (turned) thy

back.

5tT)

c-ATt)

"a" a-cAiiiic

Pa-

The time (in)

u-Jiich

(when)

&fiu]c

b-^lt^lUU-

Patrick

came to

Ireland.

may be well

to see at a

glance, the

instances in

whicli a, in its

several

acceptations,

aiiects, and when it does not

affect Math aspiration

eclipsis,

tlie

iaitial mute of the noun or verb

immediately

foUowing

:—

when it

signifies all

who,

all that;

as, a b-pU|l

njijAjb

Aifi

Af)

ijoiijAo, all that

are of

women on earth.

Eclipsis is

A, when it

signifies

whom,

which,

governed

by a.

preposition

(See preceding Exam^Dles, under

Obs.

2.)

(for Ar))

... ... ... ...

...

whether? as,

"Wilt

thou come or stay,

Eileen

a Eún ?

...

their;

as,

5-CAiiA,

their friend.

(for

Ann)

in;

as, il

5-CAnl

t)A

R|3,

in Cashel of the Kings.

(

A, when it signifies

/(i<

;

"a"

catu\,

his

friend.

Aspiration

a, ...

...

who, which;

as,

"a"

ibolAf, he

who praises.

A is

sign of the Inf. mood

;

as,

ri)olA6,

to praise,

A ... a sign of

the

nom.

case of

address

;

as,

caiia

ttjo

c^ioibe,

oh, friend of my heart.

change

signifies her;

as, "a"

catia,

her fnend.

produced

strengthens

affirmation

;

beitiinj,

I say.

Obs.

—In every situation in which an initial consonant

eclipsed,

an initial vowel takes

^y,

as,

d-aca']i"

a z'^

A|it

Vj'ey'r),

Our

Father

who

art in heaven;

cAbAjjt

^n\m

116

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

iu6

A]i

T)-A|tivi;''

lAecAri)^]!, give

us this day

our daily

bread.

^51x1- bo

rbeAll bu|t

ACAi^t"

nje A5u|* so

tii<\l-

lAi|tc

njo

cuAjaAfAl

bejc

t!-iiAi|te.

And

your

father"

cheated

me,

and

changed

my hire

ten times.

—

Woi^ds

Jacob to Rachel

and Lia.

When,

however, the article

at? (the),

governed by

preposition,

precedes

the initial vowel,

is not, in that

case, prefixed

;

because

of the

article

(ah)

answers

the

requirements of euphony

quite

as well;

as,

A]p

í^óbAfx

X]X),

on that account.

Tliere is not, as should be,

according

to Obs.

placed before

AóbAtt,

since

the

final

t) of the

article produces the

required euphony.

Note By means

Eclipsis

and

Aspiration in Irish,

the varying

sounds of the mutable consonants are

clearly noted, while,

at the same

time, the radical ?t?ivarying spelling of each word is preserved.

From

the

non-use of this

system of

notation for the variable consonants,

the

Welsh have, in changing the consonant with

every

successive

mutation

sound, sadly destroyed

the

orthography of their

language, and

ren-

dered Etymology a puzzle.

The difl'erence

in the manner

of notation is best seen fi-om the follow-

ing example

—

Irish.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IHISH. 117

CacUoAó;

77».,

fighting, temptation.

Ceuf,

m.,

a cross;

crucifix; v.,

to crucify.

C|iei&iiTi,

I believe

; ctteis,

believe

thou ; Latin,

cr-ede.

CnAp,

went

;

per. tense of ce5

;

ir. V.

go thou.

t>'A]f)TT),

for Í30

Aio"),

thy

name.

t5éjn)CAtt,

pass, voice,

present tense

of the verb tieAn, do

;

is done

;

n-féAt)-An,

subj. pres.,

that

may

be done

;

506^0^11,

done ; is another form

of the

pass, voice of the

verb

' to

coming from

different

radix

—

oH'í'.

act, do,

perforoa.

Three of

the irregular verbs

—

(which in Irish, amount in

all

only to

ten) —

are

found in the

Lord's Prayer.

They are

—

-1516,

may come

;

t)és\r)CATi

and

5nióceAta,

done

;

cAbAjtt

(pr.

tlwir), give.

CA5lAir,

/.,

church; resembling the

French

erjlise,

is, like it, de-

rived

from the same

root,

ekklesia, Gr.

T^jACA, 7».

debts

;

trespasses.

J^IACATJ),

m., a

debtor;

Latin,

debitor,

or, as

the English paraphrase

has

it,

"those who trespass

against us

a^i

b-]:iACAitji)A;b,

(to)

our

debtors.

PuAiti,

pres.

tense

v;v5,

get

;

\:í\A]^

bAf,

got,

or sufí'ered, death.

5Ab, take,

receive, capture, con-

ceive,

to act upon :

to perform;

5AbAÍb

AiTiTt),

take (ye) up arms;

5AbAió rsilb,

taka

possession

;

Aft

5v\bAÓ

é,

was

he captured

5AbAó,

who was conceived

or by;

g-vbAfcAti

Cf^A^),

they cast anchor

;

5AbAió

AbfiAin,

sing songs.

oejtj,

to beget

; to

bom

of ; Gr.

y.vov,

ffinou;

5e]t}eAó, who

was

born

; begotten of

;

Welsh,

ffeni

; Lat.

gijno

;

Sans-

j'anik.

PulAHo,

suffer,

endure;

t>'

twlAnj

p^ir;

who

endured the passion.

lrrt:on,

m..

Hell

; Lat. infernum.

lAe=Aii)Ail,

daily

;

derived from lA<?,

poss.

case

of Va, day ; and

AtijAil,

like, i.e.,

day-like

;

daily

in English

has

come from

the Saxon

day-Uc,

day-like.

Iei3,

let, allow, permit

;

r)A

lejs

T1t)n,

do not permit us, lead

not.

2i)At\b

(pr.

Twarzo"),

dead; Lat.

mors,

death, and

mortuus,

dead

;

AiibA|b,

from

the

dead.

Welsh,

marw,

die;

Heb. no,

meth.

HAori), m.,

a saint ;

adj. holy;

tiAO-

iÍ)a6,

to make

holy

;

o-^oijca,

made holy, blessed,

sanctified;

r)AoiT)-CAtt, pass, voice, is made

holy

;

AOtÍKA|t,

suhj. mood,

that may be made holy.

KeAti).

f , Heaven;

poss. case,

neiri)e;

jirep. case,

t)Ó|it).

PAi&itt,

m.. Pater; from which

the

former is derived

changing

into

ft.

peACAó, m.,

sin

;

Latin,

peccatum.

PeACAc, a sinner

;

peACACA]b, (to)

sinners.

SppriAS,

m.. Spirit,

Ghost

;

Af)

5p;ottAt>

K\oio, the

Holy Ghost.

CAlri^An,

f.,

poss.

case

caIaiíj,

earth.

C|5]ó,

comes

; Ir. verb

;

t)-ci5ió,

subj. mood,

may come

;

root

—

cATxn>

come.

Uile, all ; as,

u-le-cuTt)AccAC, All-

powerful, Almighty.

EXERCISE XXXIIL

[There are

many of our readers, we

feel certain,

anxious

to see

the

Pater noster in Irish. In this

Lesson

-we

relieve

this anxiovis

feehng,

and

give, too,

the Ave

3faria

and

Creed.

There is

way

for

learning

language

better

118

SELF-rsrSTRUCTlON IN IRISH.

than to

commit

to memory as many

words

as one possibly

can from

that

language.

?tT)

PAi&Tft,

the "Pater.''

b-c]5i6

bo |t]5eAcc

;

T)-bé<MKA}i bo cojl

Aijt

at; caIaií),

n^Aji

50|breA|t

Ai|t

v^]w.

CAbA]|i

buipt)

at)

^118

a|i

A]ilxv

lAe(:eAri)Ail; A5u|*

rnAic

búii)t)

A]t

b-fjACA,

n7A|i

ibA^c-

TTjuib-rje

b'Aji

b-].*^ACATÍ)t)Aib

yé]r)

;

A511]*

tjív

lé]5

x]vv

3-CAca5A6;

acc |'AO|t

|-IT)i;

olc.

^njéi).

U^)

c-?4iie-2í3ATiiA;

ijó,

ví\]lce At)

^tl^Sll.

bo beACA, a 'i\)ii}]\e,

cív

I'av

sit^T-A,

civ

Cf-

5eA|iT)A leAc

;

ti*

beAi)T)U]5i:e cix

cA|t

t)a

TT)r)^ib,

ajui*

beAr)T)ui5ce

cojtAt> bo

bftoT^o,

JofA.

tjAon) 20u]|ie,

TÍlívcAi|t

De,

5U|ó

0|tAii)t)-T)e

i;a

peACACAjb,

ATjojf,

A3Uf

Aijt

uAi]t

A|i

rr)-bi\if.

?tTT)6n.

Cjii' t;a

f)-U}>Yzo\.

C|teib]tT)

AT)r)

D|A,

ai)

^ieA^i

ú]le-curi)AcrAc,

c|iucui5-

ceoi|t

T)eiri)e Ajur

cAlriiAi;:

a5u|' aht)

jorA

C}iioyz, a aoi>

n)AC-|*Ar),

A|i

b-CT3eA|tr}A;

a ^AbAO

'i?

SpiO]tAb

íIaoií),

5e]t)ev<b

ÍDii]]ie

óij,

b'f:ulAi)5

pAH'

i-woj

Po]i;c

P(o-

lix]6; A

céArAÓ,

f-n'^11^

^^^I*

^3»r

^ b-AÓlACAÓ;

cuai6

lor

b-lPIMOi^'^;

«IIMS

-^t)

cjieAf

liv

óri)AftbAib;

CUA16

fUAf Aift

i;é]ti)

: A

cii

'01?

f*ui6e

A^t

bei|*

De,

at)

?lc(\ii

nile-curi)AccAi5:

aj"

^ii)

ciocpAr

biteicAii)i)A|' ca-

bA]|tc

A]ft

beoOAjb

A5uf

Aift

Ti^A^ibAib.

Ciiéibirt)

at)

SpiopAb

Maoto,

Ai?

ijAot'n

©asUti*

CAcoiliceAC,

cumAOiu

T)A

TjAorb; A

ti)AiceA6

b-peACAÓ

ADD

eii-eijiijo

T)A 3-conp

A5Uf

m-beACA

yuicyo.

^wé\).

Note.

—Remember

that tlie nominative

case

comes after

the verb

;

the

adjective

a/ier

the nonn

with

which

agrees

;

as,

above,

the

Irish words

ft'

Ajon),

"thy name;"

n'oSACc,

"thy kingdom;"

follow those

verbs

which they are the subject;

and the

adjective

lAetAtÍMil,

followa the

noun

/ttat),

bread.