Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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0&0&(00&U+0=0/4-(04/=0+
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+,0 >+0 8/)0 ?80 ?0 0 0 0 ?
/=0/;00?8 80<0?0,-()0?80?;
/(=0/+00/0 ?0+000 0?;
+0 0 0 &0 >+0 +0 %?8 80 (80 -
08>,)00 0+=00=0 ;
,-+)000C?80(8D=0/000?0&;
(0*0+0(808>,)0/0 8+0 ;
+0=00 ?,000?+),)00>)00?+
4)0M000(0480(80/),)00/(
00/0&0?+0 +0(=0?)004;
)0=0 ?,00+)0+ 8(0/0*0&(;
0(80? 8=0)8=0?+),)00>)=0&8
,)00(+0(+0/?8 80(80/),)
/0 +0 )+=0 +,-+0 &>0 ?+80 C&;
'+0 =0 &(@?+D=0 0 40 0 ?>+)0
(=0/0/0/0 )0 +(00/(0&(
0/?8 8+0(+0&8 0)000?8+80;
0 (8=0+,-0 0 ?8+0+=0 80 -
&80 ?+0 >()0 )8(0 (/0 (
+?=00 0?=00?(0&?0
0 C0 /?=0 &?0 (0 0 /D0 ?8 8
(808>,)0/008+0)+=0/4;
-+04/00/8+00&(+0C=0&'+D=0 ;
4000/004/0+80008(
&(
(0(80/0/,00400&(=0;
0+40&80&0 /+'0 (0 0C0+;
?D=0/+0(,=00 -08+00 +
+0?0& =0 +000&(0+00;
0)?0+800&(?++0C0&(=0&(0+DM
8>80&8 008/(0C/00?0/(D0(0(80+,0+;
?880+&=0+0&80/)-+=0444-+0C0 0)?;
0+8008(00/(0&((D=0)-+0C0&(?;
+=040+(0&(D05&00(0((0(0? ;
0?+),)00>)0*0&(0+0(0(80
8>800)=0 +,0&,0+&,0 0CI0;
+JD08>0((0(00/+0?)00
0/=000/)0'0@0+)+8(0&( (
0(,-(0/
BF
!3!32
!
'0 0 >0 +0 ?)0 0 ?
)000>0+0 (+/=0 =0 ;
=0 > 0 =0 @=0 0 40 =0 (+;
/=000/0?,0''0&,0?>80;
0/0?880>0+00+4=0-08(0;
=0 ?/40 >0 +=0 80 '80 0 -=
+000/(=0&0 ?+0 0 + (0 ?&;
)(
)00?00/0&?0*0;
+0 ''0 +0 &0 &80 &0 ?0 4=0 )8
--)00-=0/0?/=0800?;808/;
)0?08(00*0+00+-,0-8(0?
8)),0 +,=0 0 ?0 & 0 -0
>0+0*0/+0''0 80?0+
84806 0''0&8 0(?)0/8+0;
?8+00?;8+08/)+0?00>0+=0;
? 0+00+000*0/+0 0(;
0''0>0+0-)=0/0&?)0
$
. ? 0,000+0>0+00;
+-,0-8(0?00=0& 0/;
)0/)+0?00>0+
" 0?00(0&400+?(00(
080*0 +00/+0 ' +0 ''
? ,0>
0+0+>=0+0+ ;
080*0&8(0''(0?80+/8
0&=00(+/+0''0@80/'=
/=0 '0 .)0 )0 ''=0 8?0 @&
+=0? ,0+/?0C00+00/0;
-8(0 D=00+0''0<0808
* 0 , 0 0 /0 /=0 ;
+00'0>0+000?8(=0/4;
/0 &=0 80 /&0 0 +0 ? 8(
/=0&,/0&-(0 (0
"
$'0,>)00400?8(0& =0&;
)0+8+0'+0)00?;?08>0/4)
0 0 0 +&0 $))0 +++0 ?&=
08(08>0/4000+&00(8+
4?+0N-0@0)?008>+0/4)000;
0C0 >0/00/005
D0+&
/0KP0n00&00+0/0P0n=040&,/)004/;
8(0 (0 +(0 +&0 0 0 ?0 &?)
0+&0008+0/+=0;
+=0+/+0&0/08)0&>0;
0@/8(00?0> 00-0;
'=0(
!3
BL
*)0 ? 0 '80 C 8D0 0 0 C;
/ 8D0'?0*0 '+0 '?0&,/,)0?08-;
0/+0=0/=08>0/4)0;
0+&0000)=00000
5 ?0 0 /8(0 / 0 ? 0 @=
4008(0(0/'=0&,-(0+>0;
00?00!+0'?0 0/0;
,0)=0 80@'?=08>0)0+;
&=0+00/00?&)(=04/,-()
'8+0'?+=0 )0++0&&8(0'0*;
0 '?0 ?0 0 ?+/0 0 0 )(=
/0 0?0000(/0&>0/=000;
08-)05
0&0 0@0)?00?+/+0;
?0 0 0 0 ?0 4/ 0 / 0 /;
0 C0 ?8+80 / 80 '?D0 40
'?0&,/)00>)(0+')'0/0?+;
)00 (0/=0+00/ +0
000 0&,-(0400 ;
0 *0 ?+0 >0 =0 +&&=0 /0
(,0 0'?0+400+80(
!?0&0?+0 0 (0000 40<0&(=
'=0 '(0 0 0 40 /'')0 ';
00 0+0'?0!80'?0+0;
80(=0)))=00 =0,>,0)?80C/;
?80 '?DM0 40 +0 ;80 =0 )0 0 -
* 0'?00(0'?=000840
/8(0 (00C0)(=0(=0&(D=00@+0)?80;
)0?8+M0400 (00'?0(/)0 =0);
0&00'?0+0&80?+00/,0;
/00T+>00 ?0'?0+40&80;
+0@0/+0 )0
"
CA0&D0<0+?00+?000/
?8(0 (0)0*000/0;
&080>)0&?0? 8(0@+0/;
0=00+0 0 =0 0/00 4,0 ;
008>,0'+0/8(0=0?))+=
>,080()-00=00&,0)?0+4/0+=
40+4/0/?+00@?+0& 8(0=0?&+00;
)8+0 +0 ,=0 0 4,0 '0 0 +?
5&8 0 ++80'0 ,)00))+0/(0/0 ;
+0/
*80?0'0?,0 ?0:<E0/00-)
&)0 +0 =0 0 0 / +0 0 0 0 -
C+?0 D0 <0 ?0 :<F0 +0 *)),)0 &-)0 &=0 );
=0&8)0+)+=0?/4=0=0;
4=0/80 &0048(0+8>'(00(=0(/;
00++800))00' +=000?),0?;
/?0 '=0 0 (0 ?,0 />0 /0
0 /+=0 0 /4-+0 +0 =0 0 40 /8
80 0 -+0 ?;?0 >)0 8)0 -0 0 >
BF
!3!32
!
'0 0 >0 +0 ?)0 0 ?
)000>0+0 (+/=0 =0 ;
=0 > 0 =0 @=0 0 40 =0 (+;
/=000/0?,0''0&,0?>80;
0/0?880>0+00+4=0-08(0;
=0 ?/40 >0 +=0 80 '80 0 -=
+000/(=0&0 ?+0 0 + (0 ?&;
)(
)00?00/0&?0*0;
+0 ''0 +0 &0 &80 &0 ?0 4=0 )8
--)00-=0/0?/=0800?;808/;
)0?08(00*0+00+-,0-8(0?
8)),0 +,=0 0 ?0 & 0 -0
>0+0*0/+0''0 80?0+
84806 0''0&8 0(?)0/8+0;
?8+00?;8+08/)+0?00>0+=0;
? 0+00+000*0/+0 0(;
0''0>0+0-)=0/0&?)0
$
. ? 0,000+0>0+00;
+-,0-8(0?00=0& 0/;
)0/)+0?00>0+
" 0?00(0&400+?(00(
080*0 +00/+0 ' +0 ''
? ,0>
0+0+>=0+0+ ;
080*0&8(0''(0?80+/8
0&=00(+/+0''0@80/'=
/=0 '0 .)0 )0 ''=0 8?0 @&
+=0? ,0+/?0C00+00/0;
-8(0 D=00+0''0<0808
* 0 , 0 0 /0 /=0 ;
+00'0>0+000?8(=0/4;
/0 &=0 80 /&0 0 +0 ? 8(
/=0&,/0&-(0 (0
"
$'0,>)00400?8(0& =0&;
)0+8+0'+0)00?;?08>0/4)
0 0 0 +&0 $))0 +++0 ?&=
08(08>0/4000+&00(8+
4?+0N-0@0)?008>+0/4)000;
0C0 >0/00/005
D0+&
/0KP0n00&00+0/0P0n=040&,/)004/;
8(0 (0 +(0 +&0 0 0 ?0 &?)
0+&0008+0/+=0;
+=0+/+0&0/08)0&>0;
0@/8(00?0> 00-0;
'=0(
!3
BL
*)0 ? 0 '80 C 8D0 0 0 C;
/ 8D0'?0*0 '+0 '?0&,/,)0?08-;
0/+0=0/=08>0/4)0;
0+&0000)=00000
5 ?0 0 /8(0 / 0 ? 0 @=
4008(0(0/'=0&,-(0+>0;
00?00!+0'?0 0/0;
,0)=0 80@'?=08>0)0+;
&=0+00/00?&)(=04/,-()
'8+0'?+=0 )0++0&&8(0'0*;
0 '?0 ?0 0 ?+/0 0 0 )(=
/0 0?0000(/0&>0/=000;
08-)05
0&0 0@0)?00?+/+0;
?0 0 0 0 ?0 4/ 0 / 0 /;
0 C0 ?8+80 / 80 '?D0 40
'?0&,/)00>)(0+')'0/0?+;
)00 (0/=0+00/ +0
000 0&,-(0400 ;
0 *0 ?+0 >0 =0 +&&=0 /0
(,0 0'?0+400+80(
!?0&0?+0 0 (0000 40<0&(=
'=0 '(0 0 0 40 /'')0 ';
00 0+0'?0!80'?0+0;
80(=0)))=00 =0,>,0)?80C/;
?80 '?DM0 40 +0 ;80 =0 )0 0 -
* 0'?00(0'?=000840
/8(0 (00C0)(=0(=0&(D=00@+0)?80;
)0?8+M0400 (00'?0(/)0 =0);
0&00'?0+0&80?+00/,0;
/00T+>00 ?0'?0+40&80;
+0@0/+0 )0
"
CA0&D0<0+?00+?000/
?8(0 (0)0*000/0;
&080>)0&?0? 8(0@+0/;
0=00+0 0 =0 0/00 4,0 ;
008>,0'+0/8(0=0?))+=
>,080()-00=00&,0)?0+4/0+=
40+4/0/?+00@?+0& 8(0=0?&+00;
)8+0 +0 ,=0 0 4,0 '0 0 +?
5&8 0 ++80'0 ,)00))+0/(0/0 ;
+0/
*80?0'0?,0 ?0:<E0/00-)
&)0 +0 =0 0 0 / +0 0 0 0 -
C+?0 D0 <0 ?0 :<F0 +0 *)),)0 &-)0 &=0 );
=0&8)0+)+=0?/4=0=0;
4=0/80 &0048(0+8>'(00(=0(/;
00++800))00' +=000?),0?;
/?0 '=0 0 (0 ?,0 />0 /0
0 /+=0 0 /4-+0 +0 =0 0 40 /8
80 0 -+0 ?;?0 >)0 8)0 -0 0 >
BB
!3
/,-+0+ ,)0(80/)0'0?+)0/A0/;
80 0 &/8=0 +0 ))0 ,>8+=0 +4?&80
(,00 00+>+000+M00?&
)),)0 & 80 ;&80 ?)=0 &?,-0 M
@(0?)(0<0?))080+ ,0&004;
000,/0*0)40'=00400;
0&8(0?&0/))0 )0')=00/(0);
),)0)?8=0+ )0)80?(0?0=0?&80>8,)
0 8/,0 40 )0 (=0 &0 4; 8
M0(80?))0040C+-004(
)(D=080?,)00+00)8(0+> ;
=08,0/0+0400/,00/00 0;
?))0+,080'=0?+0&,0;&800&;
8000)48(0 )(0&,/,)0&>80?);
)0 0 U,=0 /4,0 0 C+-0 0 &
)/'=0?/0(0&/00/8(0)+D=00-0+8>'
C -048(D=0/0/'=00000*0?;
8(0?))(0&?,)0/+80/80++8=08?8;
,-0 &0 3?;?0 &0 0 +8>'(0 0 (0 /40 &8(
?/=0 00(/)=0000)(0?+480?;
))00080C+=04/=0> =0=0 ;
=0=0/D=00400/,,0+0?00(0 )(
0 ))+0 &?0 +0 /))0 )0 =0 (;
=0+)00/0*0'0&,/)00+00;
0 '0 4/0 0 > =0 0 + )0 +)=0 ?;
+40 0 ?=0 /0 0 /0 &,/,)0 &;
&)0 +=0 40 .0 *?0 4)0 /'
C/8>=0/'&=0&0/ 0 =0(0800/D
&8 0)?800/+00-0/(0+00&0&
&80 /+0 '8(0 0 /(0 &?0 3?;?
?)0 0 ? 80 0 ?+480 4)0 <0 +8
=00 0/400(00/
" 00? 0'0)00, ;
+0/=0&8(0++0 0 C40 8=0)/8=0-=0;
D=00400&08000
0KP0+0:0?000/0 ?)0 0C&8 00 ;
0<:0/D00/,-+0+>+0 0/?80/0PP<EPP0+
T0/0 )0 )0/?0)0EPP<PP0+0.)0+>)
)0?0& 000+),00&8+
/?',-+0+0+0)=00//=0+;
)8+0+0+0000*0+0? ,0804;
?=0+0
E
0*0 0+8> 8(0000;
0/400(0/)0? 0'/8=
0+0 08=0+4M0? ,0 &,0+
*? 40 '0 0 ++0 0 &;
)8M004)(00?00(0(0C?+480;
)0?)=0/4000/D0*/08(0;
'8(0 &?0 C=0 +)=0 0 0 /D0 +40
+0(/
3//)0 '0 &(/+0 0 ?+;;
0/=0/0/40+000'0)04)
!350*N3
BO
/0?080-=080=04?;
+480)/8=080>0(,0+000/;
(0&0&,/00(0()000&&
*0/ +0 0-8(008(0&,/0'&?
+0 &,0 =0 (/)0 ?0 0 &0 ;
?+000C /00P0/0LK0+00=00?8(0KP<EP0+D=0+;
80+8080C/00/D
$ +
G"
0 <0 ( 0 ?&=0 0 0
40&)0&+)0)00 00&'8+
+-+008+04+00'0!?0 0+;
40?)00/0?&)0+=00;
000(/+00( 0=0040/0;
>0 ++0 (0 C/)-(0 0 '?0 ?0 ( ;
0 80 D=0 (=0 &'0 8(0 4 8(
0400'?0/)0/)0/ )0C4/ ;
)D0/ =0+(+?=0?80?&)0
)00?0+40/0
+++0 8+0))+0?&)0+00/;
)0C>=084=0+?+D=040=0&=0;
(/0T0 0&8(0 + )0)400+0/&=0;
0 0 <0 =0 0 0 (,=0 ?8+
+0 T0 0 '0 0 0 /0 ?&)0 )
)0 )0 0 ?8+0 +0 ?0 C+)D
+0)),)0&8 00?8+80+80 80?0<
/80I??/ J00&0'=08=0 0)=0&;
?80 >)0 +(0 48(0 /0 C&>0 0 40
)D=0/)0@+00/+=00+0?)0&?=0&8 0;
+)0)0?)00(8+0 +0);
)+0 <0 '+=0 +0 ?0 C&8 0 0 ))+0 ;
?+0 <0 '=0 +&'D=0 +0?
00404048+0?+00?0);
))0?0>00-/=00+40&80;
000C+0 0<00 +0/;
D0 ,0 +)=0 +)=0 )0 5=0 +
&808>80/40&&00=00+?=
0+40/0&0+0'0CI80'?JDM
0+&004)=0/08/),)0+80;
0'0T0 0&8(08480480?/=04(=0? ;
08>00&&00 (00C?0(;
?D0800&,=0(/,0/0-)03(/+0&;
?0)))0
?+480 4 ) 0<0 )0?0?;>;
8(00-/0C&8 00/008=0+0&80+;
8+D=00 =0'=0=0+&?008M04;
)0?0),0?0 0/
T?00//0/0 =0+,)
)0+)0?),08)0 0=0/;
/0 0 8=0 0 ?0 &0 /?8
/)0/?00'00'0?8000&;
0
BB
!3
/,-+0+ ,)0(80/)0'0?+)0/A0/;
80 0 &/8=0 +0 ))0 ,>8+=0 +4?&80
(,00 00+>+000+M00?&
)),)0 & 80 ;&80 ?)=0 &?,-0 M
@(0?)(0<0?))080+ ,0&004;
000,/0*0)40'=00400;
0&8(0?&0/))0 )0')=00/(0);
),)0)?8=0+ )0)80?(0?0=0?&80>8,)
0 8/,0 40 )0 (=0 &0 4; 8
M0(80?))0040C+-004(
)(D=080?,)00+00)8(0+> ;
=08,0/0+0400/,00/00 0;
?))0+,080'=0?+0&,0;&800&;
8000)48(0 )(0&,/,)0&>80?);
)0 0 U,=0 /4,0 0 C+-0 0 &
)/'=0?/0(0&/00/8(0)+D=00-0+8>'
C -048(D=0/0/'=00000*0?;
8(0?))(0&?,)0/+80/80++8=08?8;
,-0 &0 3?;?0 &0 0 +8>'(0 0 (0 /40 &8(
?/=0 00(/)=0000)(0?+480?;
))00080C+=04/=0> =0=0 ;
=0=0/D=00400/,,0+0?00(0 )(
0 ))+0 &?0 +0 /))0 )0 =0 (;
=0+)00/0*0'0&,/)00+00;
0 '0 4/0 0 > =0 0 + )0 +)=0 ?;
+40 0 ?=0 /0 0 /0 &,/,)0 &;
&)0 +=0 40 .0 *?0 4)0 /'
C/8>=0/'&=0&0/ 0 =0(0800/D
&8 0)?800/+00-0/(0+00&0&
&80 /+0 '8(0 0 /(0 &?0 3?;?
?)0 0 ? 80 0 ?+480 4)0 <0 +8
=00 0/400(00/
" 00? 0'0)00, ;
+0/=0&8(0++0 0 C40 8=0)/8=0-=0;
D=00400&08000
0KP0+0:0?000/0 ?)0 0C&8 00 ;
0<:0/D00/,-+0+>+0 0/?80/0PP<EPP0+
T0/0 )0 )0/?0)0EPP<PP0+0.)0+>)
)0?0& 000+),00&8+
/?',-+0+0+0)=00//=0+;
)8+0+0+0000*0+0? ,0804;
?=0+0
E
0*0 0+8> 8(0000;
0/400(0/)0? 0'/8=
0+0 08=0+4M0? ,0 &,0+
*? 40 '0 0 ++0 0 &;
)8M004)(00?00(0(0C?+480;
)0?)=0/4000/D0*/08(0;
'8(0 &?0 C=0 +)=0 0 0 /D0 +40
+0(/
3//)0 '0 &(/+0 0 ?+;;
0/=0/0/40+000'0)04)
!350*N3
BO
/0?080-=080=04?;
+480)/8=080>0(,0+000/;
(0&0&,/00(0()000&&
*0/ +0 0-8(008(0&,/0'&?
+0 &,0 =0 (/)0 ?0 0 &0 ;
?+000C /00P0/0LK0+00=00?8(0KP<EP0+D=0+;
80+8080C/00/D
$ +
G"
0 <0 ( 0 ?&=0 0 0
40&)0&+)0)00 00&'8+
+-+008+04+00'0!?0 0+;
40?)00/0?&)0+=00;
000(/+00( 0=0040/0;
>0 ++0 (0 C/)-(0 0 '?0 ?0 ( ;
0 80 D=0 (=0 &'0 8(0 4 8(
0400'?0/)0/)0/ )0C4/ ;
)D0/ =0+(+?=0?80?&)0
)00?0+40/0
+++0 8+0))+0?&)0+00/;
)0C>=084=0+?+D=040=0&=0;
(/0T0 0&8(0 + )0)400+0/&=0;
0 0 <0 =0 0 0 (,=0 ?8+
+0 T0 0 '0 0 0 /0 ?&)0 )
)0 )0 0 ?8+0 +0 ?0 C+)D
+0)),)0&8 00?8+80+80 80?0<
/80I??/ J00&0'=08=0 0)=0&;
?80 >)0 +(0 48(0 /0 C&>0 0 40
)D=0/)0@+00/+=00+0?)0&?=0&8 0;
+)0)0?)00(8+0 +0);
)+0 <0 '+=0 +0 ?0 C&8 0 0 ))+0 ;
?+0 <0 '=0 +&'D=0 +0?
00404048+0?+00?0);
))0?0>00-/=00+40&80;
000C+0 0<00 +0/;
D0 ,0 +)=0 +)=0 )0 5=0 +
&808>80/40&&00=00+?=
0+40/0&0+0'0CI80'?JDM
0+&004)=0/08/),)0+80;
0'0T0 0&8(08480480?/=04(=0? ;
08>00&&00 (00C?0(;
?D0800&,=0(/,0/0-)03(/+0&;
?0)))0
?+480 4 ) 0<0 )0?0?;>;
8(00-/0C&8 00/008=0+0&80+;
8+D=00 =0'=0=0+&?008M04;
)0?0),0?0 0/
T?00//0/0 =0+,)
)0+)0?),08)0 0=0/;
/0 0 8=0 0 ?0 &0 /?8
/)0/?00'00'0?8000&;
0
BP
!3232
" 0 0/0 +++0 )0 &?04>
? 0 +,0 -/)-0 4+=0 , 0 )0 0 /(0 ;
(0 -=0 40 >0 0 )+0 +
,=0, 0&>(0? (0?0%00<
/80/=0+?=0+00 /0 0;
0+0(/>0 0&?0" 0'?0 0,
@ 0C, 0+0)00+0'?=
+>0 ?0 / 0 / 0 0 I/+J=
)0)0<00+0'?D0*?0';
000/(00z K00'040+0 ;
0&00',0 >)0+&?+0 8(00?;
,0+80C/=0/+00/D=0&=0@'0*;
)0)0,/+0?00+++0'?
0*0?00?0 ,0&
0=040?,0/00+8(0/?(0C>;
=0+/D=0&;&80*0?(00'=
00/?00/04)0&80/40;
?'0*/480( 0+/80 )A0
?0?;>8(00C+>0)0;
)D=00>0C+>000;
?D=0/0?0C+>0',D0
'00+ 0?8)
*/,-+0+0/)0?)0'0)),)0;
+00?0& =0?000(0?=0+80;
>)=0+?8=0(4/00/0>0? 0+0;
>0/+=00+0 0?/0004;
0+ 0?8)=0/)-00>,00/?=0?,
0?4,0+
)0/0++00'A0/?)=0+;
)0+)=0)0*0+ +0'0/-+0+++
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)=0&0 0 0 )40/0 +=0,-)00
+ 0?8)00/,-0&>000'0+ ;
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40/40+ 0C0?8+0/4D=080&=0?;
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:P<KP0?00=04/)0?++=0/0&,00 +4;
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0(0',0C?040)000+ ;
0=04/80?0>0+ 0?8)D0T0/;
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!323!5
BE
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=0&00C/0<=K004/00DM0/0?&0;
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0 80 >)0 *0 848(0 &)(0 ? ,0 8
080 00+0&,0,0;
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800 0( 0'040+0?+,08);
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0&+0&(/+0/04+) 0& 0;
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0
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0+?=08?8+80?+0 ;
8(0/00')0<0''0CD=004+04=
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,=0?+800K<B0/0EP<EK0++00,0& 0?00;
++0/8,)00')=00@+0''0+40)
4?&8+00+)0+?0& =000+?0&;
4,0'+?,0C,D0+0''0<0?8 0&?;
00?//8+0+0/++0/0K0+=0/0&?0;
0*/404?0''00 000/0EL0=0?;
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