Bichop R.H. (Ed.) Mechatronic Systems, Sensors, and Actuators: Fundamentals and Modeling
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I-8 Index
Schmitt-trigger threshold detector,
20-111
Self-inductances, of the stator
windings, 15-21
Semiconductor gages, see
piezoresistive strain gages
Semiconductors, 21-14
Sensitivity, of motion transducer,
11-24
Sensors
calibration, 17-11
characteristics
backlash, 19-6
deadband, 19-7–19-8
eccentricity, 19-6
errors, 19-2
first-order system response,
19-8–19-9
frequency response,
19-12–19-14
impedance, 19-4–19-5
linearity and accuracy,
19-3–19-4
nonlinearities, 19-5
range of, 19-1
repeatability, 19-3
resolution of, 19-2
saturation, 19-7
second-order system response,
19-9–19-11
sensitivity of, 19-2
static and Coulomb friction,
19-5
system response, 19-8
classification, 17-2
defined, 17-1
principle of operation
acceleration sensors, 17-4–17-5
chemical sensors, 17-8
flow sensors, 17-5–17-6
force/torque sensors, 17-5
infrared type sensors, 17-6
light sensors, 17-6–17-7
linear and rotational position
sensors, 17-2–17-4
magnetostrictive sensors, 17-7
MEMS accelerometers,
17-9–17-10
micro and nanosensors, 17-8
NBC sensors, 17-7
nuclear sensors, 17-8
proximity sensors, 17-6
smart material sensors, 17-7
temperature sensors, 17-6
thermocouples, 17-6
ultrasonic flow meters, 17-6
vision, 17-8
selection criteria, 17-10
signal conditioning, 17-11
Separation of variables, 7-2
Serial communications interface (SCI),
3-10
Serial data transmission, 3-10
Serial in-circuit debugger (SDI), 3-10
Serial peripheral interface (SPI), 3-10
Servovalves, 21-74–21-76
Shocks, 20-17
SiC surface micromachining,
21-130–21-131
Signal bonds, 9-4
Signal conditioning, in mechatronic
system, 3-6–3-7
Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR),
21-17
SIMPACK, 2-10
Simple dynamic models
compound pendulum, 7-6–7-7
gyroscopic motions, 7-7–7-8
Simulation blocks, common
continuous linear system blocks,
13-2
discrete linear system blocks,
13-2
nonlinear system blocks, 13-2
and signal generation, 13-3
table lookup blocks, 13-2
Single-chip microcontroller, 4-1
Single-ended output encoder, 20-6
Single-phase reluctance
micromachined motors,
21-104–21-106
Single-turn pot, 20-7
Single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWNTs), 5-10
Sketched fabrication process, 21-112
Smart material actuators, 17-15–17-18
Smart material sensors, 17-7
Snubber circuit, 21-19
SoC devices, 1-11
SoftPLC, 4-6
Software control, of mechatronic
systems, 3-11–3-12
Solenoids, 21-6–21-8
Spark-ignition engine, 12-28
Spatial calibration, 20-158
SPDT (single pole double throw)
switch, 20-2–20-3
Spherical-conical geometry, 15-5
SPICE (Simulation Program with
Integrated Circuit
Emphasis) simulator, 14-5,
14-7, 14-13
S-plane methods, 1-5
Standard dry friction model, of
mechanical systems, 9-12
Start and stop bits, 3-10
Static compliance, 21-83
Static stiffness, 21-84
Stationary random vibrations, 20-17
Steady state, of physical system models,
16-6–16-7
Stepper motors, 17-14
Stick-slip system, 9-12
Stiffness matrix, 8-4
Stokes’s theorem, 21-123
Strain gage load cell, 20-37–20-40
Strain-gauge accelerometers,
20-26–20-27
Stress tensor, 8-3
String pots, 20-7
SUGAR, 14-12
Surface micromachined
accelerometers,
20-146–20-147
Surface micromachined beams,
8-6–8-7
Surface micromachining, 15-6–15-7
Surface micromachining pressure
sensor, 20-143–20-145
Switches, 20-2
Switching amplifiers, 21-29
Symplectic gyrator, 9-50
Synchronous detection, 20-9
System boundary, 9-8
T
Tactile array sensors, 20-46
Tactile sensors, 20-45–20-46,
20-147–20-148
Tagged image file format (TIFF),
20-155
Tait-Bryan or Cardan angles, 9-37
Tape-based sensors, 20-11
Taylor series, 21-124–21-125
Telephone system, 1-3
Temperature-entropy diagram, for
water, 12-18
Temperature measurements
absolute temperature scales, 20-74
electrical temperature sensors and
transducers, 20-78–20-84
International Practical Temperature
Scale of 1990 (ITS
90
), 20-74
microscale temperature
measurements, 20-85–20-
87
noncontact thermometers,
20-84–20-85
thermometers, 20-75–20-78
zeroth law, 20-74
Tem p er at u re s e nsing, 20-140
Temperature sensors, 17-6
Tesl a, Ni ko la, 1-3
Thermal actuators, 8-13
Thermal efficiency, of a power cycle,
12-26
Thermal runaway, 21-13
Thermistors, 20-83
Thermocouples, 17-6, 20-78–20-80
Thermodynamics
concepts and definitions
condition and properties, 12-2
equilibrium, 12-2
irreversibilities, 12-3
phase and pure substance, 12-2
process and cycle, 12-2
system, 12-1–12-2
temperature, 12-2–12-3
extensive property balances
control volume at steady state,
12-6–12-8
9258.index.fm Page 8 Thursday, October 4, 2007 9:27 PM
Index I-9
energy balance, 12-5
entropy balance, 12-5–12-6
exergy balance, 12-9–12-12
mass balance, 12-4–12-5
laws of, 12-4
of physical systems models
equilibrium and steady state,
16-6–16-7
extensive and intensive variables,
16-6
of nocidity, 16-8
use of inertial reference frame,
16-7–16-8
property relations and data
analytical equations of state,
12-15
compressibility charts, 12-15
enthalpy–entropy (Mollier)
diagram for water, 12-19
ideal gas model, 12-19–12-22
phase diagram, 12-12–12-14
sample stream data, 12-16–12-17
temperature–entropy diagram
for water, 12-18
thermodynamic data retrieval,
12-14–12-15
vapor and gas power cycles,
12-23–12-31
Thermometers
based on differential expansion
coefficients, 20-75–20-76
based on phase changes,
20-77–20-78
noncontact, 20-84–20-85
Thévenin equivalent circuits
computation of Thévenin voltage,
11-19
determination of resistance, 11-18
experimental determination of
Thévenin equivalents,
11-19–11-20
Thévenin theorem, 11-18
Thin plate theory, 8-8
Three-phase synchronous reluctance
micromotors,
21-106–21-109
Thyristors, 21-17–21-20
Tilt sensors, 20-8
Time and frequency, fundamentals
Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC), 18-2
definitions, 18-1
measurements
accuracy, 18-3–18-6
stability, 18-6–18-9
radio time and frequency transfer
signals
global positioning system (GPS),
18-16
HF radio signals, 18-15
LF radio signals, 18-15–18-16
standards
cesium oscillators, 18-12–18-13
quartz crystal oscillators,
18-10–18-12
rubidium oscillators, 18-12
time interval, 18-1
transfer techniques, 18-13–18-14
Time-dependent signal sources,
11-28–11-30
Time-domain methods, 1-5–1-6
Token Passing method, 4-7
Torque and power measurements
absorption dynamometers,
20-57–20-59
apparatus for power measurement,
20-56–20-57
arrangements of apparatus,
20-51–20-52
costs, 20-60
driving and universal
dynamometers, 20-59–20-
60
fundamental concepts, 20-49–20-51
measurement accuracy, 20-60
torque transducer construction,
operation and application,
20-54–20-56
torque transducer technologies,
20-52–20-54
Torquewhirl dyn amics, 9-46–9-47
Torsional balances, 20-45
Torsional-mechanical dynamics,
21-118, 21-121
Torsional springs, 8-7
Torsional stiffness, of rectangular
cross-section beams, 8-7
Traction Control System (TCS), 1-8
Tr ans ducers
electromagnetic, 8-12–8-13
electrostatic, 8-11–8-12
Transformer modulus, defined, 9-15
Transient v ibra tions, 20-17
Transient thermoreflectance (TTR),
20-86–20-87
Transistors, 21-20–21-33
Transport theorem, 8-3
Trial-and -er ro r m ethods, 1-3
Turbine (or vane) flowmeters,
20-67–20-68
Two-stroke cycles, 12-28
U
UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter), 4-5
Ultrasonic actuators, 17-19
Ultrasonic flowmeters, 17-6,
20-69–20-71
Ultrasonic motors, 21-58–21-61
Ultrasonic proximity sensors, 20-114
Ultrasonic (US) sensors, 20-11
Understanding Automotive Electronics,
3-7
V
Va lve s, 21-71–21-78
Vapor and gas power cycles,
12-23–12-31
Variable area flowmeters, 20-66
Variable capacitance type electrostatic
motor, 5-4
VA S E ( V H D L A M S Sy n th esi s
Environment), 14-8
Vector time derivatives, in coordinate
systems, 9-31–9-32
Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC)
system, 1-8
Vertical exemplification, 6-4
VHDL (Very Large Scale Integrated
Circuit Hardware
Description Language),
14-5
Vibrating-beam accelerometers, 20-31
Vibration and modal analysis,
8-9–8-10
Villari effect, 20-41
Viscous model, of mechanical systems,
9-11
Vision systems, 20-134–20-135
digital images, 20-153–20-155
machine vision, 20-158–20-167
system setup and calibration,
20-155–20-158
Voice-coil motors (VCMs), 21-8–21-9
Voltage control (mode) amplifier,
21-26–21-28
Volt me te r, 11-14–11-15
Volumetric piston pumps, 21-69
Vortex shedding flowmeters,
20-68–20-69
W
Water-level float regulator, 1-3, 1-5
Watt’s flyball governor, 1-5
Wet etc hi ng, 15-7
Wheatstone bridge, 11-11–11-12,
11-25, 20-38
Wiedemann effect, 20-45
Wikipedia definition, of mechatronics,
1-2
Word bond g raph mod el, 9-4
Work and heat transfer, in internally
reversible processes,
12-23–12-31
Wor king Model co de, 7-6
World Wide Web (WWW), 4-3
Y
Yasa kawa Elec tr ic Comp any, 1-1, 1-7
Z
Zener diodes, 21-17
Zero junctions, 9-6–9-7
Zeroth law, of temperature, 20-74
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