Бардах Ю. Штудыі з гісторыі Вялікага княства Літоўскага

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152

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

Ⱥ ɆɄɚɪɩ ɚɱɟɜ Ɏɟɨ ɞɚɥ ɶɧɵɟɸ ɪɢɞ ɢɤɢɜ ɤɨɪ ɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪ ɨ

ɞɚɯȻɟɥ ɨɪɭɫɫɢɢ;9,,±;9,,, ɜɟɤɨɜ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɚɜɹɧɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 

ʋɫ ±

Ⱥ ɉ Ƚɪɢɰ ɤɟɜɢɱ ɑɚɫɬɧɨɜɥɚɞ ɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɨ ɪɨ ɞɚ Ȼɟɥ ɨɪɭ ɫɫɢɢ

Ʉɿ ɪɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚʆɥɚɞɚɥɶɧɿɰɤɿɯ ɝɚɪɚɞɨʆȻɟɥ ɚɪɭɫɿɛɟɡɦ ɚɝɞɷ ɛɭɪɝ ɫ

ɤɚɝɚɩ ɪɚɜɚ ;9,± ;9,, ɫɬ ɫɬ  ȼɟɫɰɿȺ ɤɚɞɷɦɿɿ ɇ ɚɜɭɤ ȻɋɋɊɫɟɪ ɵɹ

ɝɪɚɦɚɞɫɤɿɯɧɚɜɭɤ ʋ ɫ± 

ɘɘɪ ɝɢɧ ɢɫ ɋɭɞ ɶɛɚɦɚɝ ɞɟɛ ɭɪɝɫɤɨɝ ɨɩɪ ɚɜɚɜ ɥɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɢɯɝɨ

ɪɨ ɞɚɯ ɂ ɫɬɨ ɪɢɹ ɋɋɋɊ  ʋ ɫ ± 

ȼȾɈɬɚɦɚɧɨ ɜɫɤɢɣ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɧɚɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ

ɜ ;,9±;9,, , ɜɜɢ ɦɚɝɞ ɟɛɭ ɪɝɫɤɨ ɟɩ ɪɚɜɨ  ȼɨ ɩɪɨ ɫɵɢɫɬɨ ɪɢɢ  

ʋɫ ±

Ɂ ɂɄɨɩ ɵɫɫɤɢɣɗɤɨɧɨ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝ ɨɪɨɞɨɜɫ ±

 ɇɚɚɧɚɯɪ ɚɧ ɿɱ ɧɚɫɰɶ ɬɚɤɨɝ ɚ ɩɚɞɡ ɟɥ ɭ ɿ ɰ ɹɠ ɤɚɫɰ ɿ ɹɤɿ ɹ ɡ ɹɝ ɨ

ɜɵɧɿ ɤɚɸɰɶ ɡɜɹɪɬɚɥ ɿʆɜɚɝɭ ɋȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɿɱ(S. Alexan drowicz. Miasta

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ɚɪɯɟɨ ɝɪ ɚɮɢɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɨɱ ɧɢɤɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɫɬɨ ɪɢ ɢ Ȼɟɥɨ ɪɭ ɫɫɢɢɮ ɟɨ ɞɚɥɶ

ɧɨɝ ɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɆ  ɧɚɞɪ ɭɤɚɜɚɧɚɣ ɭ«6WX GLD ħUyG áR]Q DZF] H», t.

XIX, 1974, s. 218.

S. Kutrzeba. Historia ustroju Pol ski w zarysie, t. II: Litwa, wyd.

2, Lwów–Warszawa, 192 1, s. 70–73, 149–150.

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ɩɪ ɵɡ ɧɚʆ ɡɚ ɬɵɩ ɨɜɵɹ

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ɫɤɚɝɚɝɥ ɡ ɚʆɜ 

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373; t. IV, 1927, s. 79–137.

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W. Kowalenko. Geneza, s. 336; J. Jaworski . Ɉp. cit., s. 3 00.

Ⱥ ɤɬɵ ɥɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨ ɪ ɭɫɫɤɨɝ ɨ ɝɨ ɫɭɞ ɚɪ ɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɞɆ Ⱦɨ ɜɧ ɚɪ Ɂ ɚ

ɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɢɣɬ,Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ  ɞɚɥɟɣ ȺɅɊȽʋ  ɫ ±

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦ ɚʋ  ɫ ±

J. Jawo rski. op. cit., s. 3 01.

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J. Jaworsk i. ɈSFLW V  

ɇ  ɉ Ʉɨ ɜɚɥɶɫɤɢ ɣ ɂɫɬɨ ɱɧɢ ɤɨ ɜɟɞɟɧ ɢɟɫɨ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɤɨɧ ɨɦ ɢ

ɱɟɫɤɨ ɣɢɫɬɨɪ ɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ;9,²ɩɟɪɜɚɹɩɨ ɥɨɜɢɧɚ;9,,ɜɟɤɚɱ9,,

Ⱥɤɬɵɨ ɝɨ ɪɨɞɚɯ Ⱦɧɟɩɪɨɩ ɟɬɪɨ ɜɫɤ ɫ 

Ⱥ ɋȽɪ ɭɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɪ ɨɞɚȼɟɥ ɢɤɨ ɝɨ Ʉɧɹɠɟɫɬɜɚɫ ± 

Ⱥ Ⱦɜɨɪɧ ɢɱɟɧɤɨɈ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɚɯɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɚɝɞɟɛɭɪ ɝɫɤɨ ɝɨ

ɩɪ ɚɜɚ ɜ ɝɨ ɪɨ ɞɚɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɧ ɨɪɭ ɫɫɤɢ ɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɜ;,9±;9 ɜɜ  ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ

Ʌɟɧɢɧ ɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧ ɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ʋ ɜɵɩ ɂɫɬɨɪ ɢɹɹɡ ɵɤɥɢɬɟɪ ɚ

ɬɭ ɪɚ Ʌɟɧ ɢɧ ɝɪ ɚɞ  ɫ  ± ɉ ɨɞɧɟɩ ɪɨ ɜɫɤɢɟɢɉ ɨɞɜɢɧɫɤɢɟ

ɜɨ ɥɨ ɫɬ ɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨ ɝɨ ɄɧɹɠɟɫɬɜɚɅɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɝ ɨ ɜ ;9±;9,ɜɜ  LE LG HP

ʋɜɵɩ  ɫ ±

Ⱥ ɁɊɬ,ʋ   ;,,   ɎɌɚɪɧɨ ɜɫɤɢɣɈɛ ɡɨɪ ɫ 

Ʉɚɬɚɥɨ ɝɞɨ ɤɭɦ ɟɧɬɿ ɜɿɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɿ ʀɄɢ ɽɜɚ;9± ;,; ɫɬɄɢ ʀɜ  ɡ ɭɫɬɭ

ɩɚɦɎɉ ɒɚʆɱɷɧɤɿ ɫ 

: -DUPRO LNɈ S FLW V Ȼɟɥ ɶɫɤ ȺɅɊȽʋ  ɫ ± 

Ⱦɪ ɚɝɿɱ ɵɧ ɬɚɦɫɚɦɚ ʋɫ ± Ɇɟɥɶɧɿ ɤ

Ⱥ Ȼɭɪɞ ɡɟɣɤɚɇ ɚɪɵɫɫɨɰɿ ɚɥɶɧɚɷɤɨɧɨ ɦɿɱ ɧɚɝ ɨɠ ɵɰ ɶɰɹɦɟɫ

ɬɚɇɚɜɚɝɪɚɞɤɚ ʆ;9,ɫɬɚɥɟɰɶɰɿ ȽɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɚȺɪɯɟɨɥɺɝɿɱɧ ɵɁɛ ɨɪɧɿ ɤ

ɬȱ Ɇɟɧɫɤ  ɫ 

ȺɅɊȽʋɫ±

ɆȾɨɜɧɚɪɁ ɚɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɟɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɫ  ɿ

ȼ Ⱦɪɭɠɱ ɵɰȼɨɣɬɵɿ ɿɯɭ ɥɚɞɚɫ 

ɉɚɪS. Russock i. Etapy lokacji miejskich na Mazows zu w XIV–

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W. Jarmo lik .Ɉ S FL WV  ɉɪɚɯɷɥɦɿ ɧɫɤɚɟɩɪ ɚɜɚ ɡ ɧɚɜɭɤɨ

ɜɚɩɚɩɭ ɥɹɪɧɵɦɩɚɞɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɩɿɲɚɁɞɪ ɚɣɤɨ ʆɫɤɿ Z. Zdro jkow ski. Prawo

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FKHáPLĔV NLHJR ± 7RUX Ĕ ɍɧɚɣɧɨʆɲɚɣɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚɣɥɿ ɬɚ

ɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɥ ɧɚɝɷɬɭɸ ɬɷɦɭ . .DPL ĔVND6ąGRZQL FWZR PLDVWD 7RUX QLD

Ʌɚɞɦ ɟɫɬɚʆɧɚɦ ɚɝ ɞɷɛɭɪɝɫɤɿɦɩɪɚɜ ɟ

154

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

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ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚJ. Sondel. Studia nad prawem rzymsk im // Ius culme nse, Zes zyty

Nauk ow e UJ, DCXVII, Warszaw a– Krak ów,  ɍɰ ɷɥ ɵɦ ɩɵɬɚɧ ɧɟ

ɯɷɥɦɿ ɧɫɤɚɝɚɩ ɪɚɜɚɿ ɹɝɨ ɫɬɚɫɭɧ ɤɭ ɞɚɦɚɝɞɷɛɭɪ ɝɫɤɚɝɚɡ ɚɫɬɚɟɰɰɚɚɞ ɤ

ɪ ɵɬɵɦ 

 Ⱥ Ƚɪɢ ɰɤɟɜɢɱ  ɑɚɫɬɧ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɢ ɟ ɝɨ ɪɨ ɞɚ ɫ   

K. Jablon ski s. Ist orij a i r j os s alt ini aj, Vil niu s  V  ɉɚɪɚʆɧ

72VWURZ VNL3 UDZR F\ZLOQ HQDUR GXSR OVNLHJ RZ\G  W, :DUV]DZD

   V   ɹɤɿɩɚɞ ɚɟɲ ɬɨ ɧ ɚɯɷɥ ɦɿ ɧɫɤɿɦɩɪɚɜɟ ɚɛ ɥɚɞɠ ɚɧɵɦ ɟɫɬɵ

ɇɚɪɜɚ ɿɄɥ ɹɲɱɷɥɿɧɚɉɚ ɞɥɹɲɲɵ ɚɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ© ɧɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɹ ɹɤ

ɭ ɉ ɿɧ ɫɤɿɦ ɩ ɚɜɟɰɟª  Ⱥɞ ɧɚɤ ɬɭ ɬ ɿɞ ɡɟɰɰ ɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɉ ɿɧ ɫɤ ɹɤɿ ɚɬɪɵɦɚʆ

ɦɚɝɞɷɛ ɭɪɝɫɤɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚɚɞɋɬɷɮɚɧ ɚȻɚɬɨɪ ɵɹ ȼɚɪɬɚɚɞɧɚɤɞ ɚɞɚɰɶɲɬɨ

ɋɚɤɚɥ ɨʆɉɚɞ ɥɹɫɤɿ ʆ ɞɪɚɝɿɱ ɵɧɫɤɿɦɩ ɚɜɟɰɟ ʆɠɨ ʆ  ɝ ɛɵʆɥɚɤɚɜɚ

ɧɵɧ ɚɫɟɪ ɚɞɫɤɿɦ ɩ ɪɚɜɟȽɥ  ȼ ɉɢɱ ɟɬɚ Ⱥɝ ɪɚɪ ɧɚɹɪ ɟɮ ɨɪɦ ɚ ɫ ɿ

:-DUPRO LN ɈSFLW  V 

ȺɁ Ɋɬ,,,ʋ ɉ ɚɪɐ ɋɶɰɹɩɚɧɚʆȽɿɫɬɨ ɪɵɹɦ ɟɫɬɚ Ɇɚɝɿ ɥɺ

ɜɚɞɚɧɚɞ ɚɧɶɧɹ ɹɦɭ ɦɚɣɞɷɛ ɨɪɫɤɚɝɚɩɪ ɚɜɚ  ɝ ɁɚɩɿɫɤɿȺ ɞɡɶɞ

ɡɟɥɭ Ƚɭ ɦɚɧɿɬɚɪ ɧɵɯɇ ɚɜɭ ɤ ȻȺɇ  ɤɧ ɉ ɪɚɰ ɵ ɤɥɹɫɵɝɿ ɫɬɨɪɵɿɬ,,

Ɇɟɧɫɤ ɫ 

ȺɁ Ɋɬ,,,ʋ ɫ Ƚɥɬɚɤɫɚɦɚɡɚʆɜ 

6:\ VáRXFK 8ZDJLR SU]\F]\Q DFKUR]Z RMX0RK\ OHZDV

Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫ ɤɿȺɪ ɯɿʆɞɚɥɟɣȻȺ ɬ,ʋ ɫ± 

ȺɁ Ɋɬ ,ʋ 

ȺɅɊȽʋɫ±

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚ ʋ  ɫ ± ɇɚɡ ɜɚ © ɇɨɜɚɟɆɟɫɬɚª ɧ ɟɩɪ ɵ

ɠɵɥɚɫɹ

ȺɅɊȽʋɫ± ʋ ɫ ±ɍɝɷɬɵɦɞ ɪɭɝɿɦ

ɚɤɰɟ ɚɞ  ɤɪ ɚɫɚɜɿɤɚ    ɝ ɀɵɝɿ ɦɨ ɧɬ  , ɋɬɚɪɵ ɧ ɚɞ ɚʆ ɇ ɚɪ ɜɟ i u s

th euto nicum q uod vocatur ma gdeb urg ense >ɧ ɹɦɟɰɤɚɟɩ ɪɚɜɚ ɹɤɨ ɟɡ ɚ

ɜɟɰɰɚɦɚɝɞɷɛɭ ɪɝɫɤɿɦ @

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚʋ ɫ 

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚʋ ɫ±  ɝ

Ⱥ ɤɬɵɨ ɬɧ ɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹɤɢɫɬɨɪɢ ɢ ɘɝɨɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ Ɋ ɨɫɫɢ ɢ ɞ ɚ

ɥɟɣ ȺɘɁ Ɋɬ, ʋ  ɝ ɠɵɯɚɪ ɵȼɨɿɧ ɚɫɰ ɜɹɪ ɞɠɚɸɰɶɲɬɨ

ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɤɚɡɚʆɚɫɹɥɿɰ ɶɿ ɯɧɚ ɜɚɥ ɨɤɚɯ ɩɨ ʆɜɚɥɨɤɚɯ ɿ ɚɝɚɪɨɞ ɚɯɚɛɹɰɚ

ɸɱ ɵ ɿɦ ɩ ɚɚɫɹɥɟɧɧ ɿ ɧɚɞ ɚɰɶ ɦɚɝɞɷɛɭ ɪɝ ɫɤɚɟɩɪ ɚɜɚɐ ɹɩɟɪ ɹɧɵɭ ɠɨ

ɚɫɹɥ ɿʆɲɵɫɹɪɚɡɚɦ ɡɜɨɣ ɬɚɦ ɩ ɪɨ ɫɹɰɶ ɚɛ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɟɝ ɚɪ ɚɞɫɤɨ ɝɚ ɩɪ ɚɜɚ

Ƚɚɫɩɚɞɚɪ ɡɚɞ ɚɜɚɥɶɧɹɸ ɱɵ ɿɯ ɩɪɨ ɫɶɛ ɭɧɚɞɚɟɿɦ ɬɚɤɿ ɹɩ ɪɚɜɵ © ɹɤɢ ɜ

ɦɟɫɬ ɟ ɧɟɲɨɦȻɟɪ ɟɫɬɟɣ ɫɤɨɦ ɦ ɹɲɱ ɚɧ ɟ ɫɹɫɩ ɪɚɜɭ ɸɬ ª 

$: DZU]\ĔF]\NɈSFLW V± 

Ⱥ ɪɯɢ ɜɘɝɨɁɚɩɚɞɧɨ ɣɊ ɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɚɥɟɣ Ⱥ ɪɯɘɁ Ɋ ɨɫ ɱ 9

ɬ,ʋɫ«…ipsam (civitatem ?uck) de iure ruthenico seu wolynskie

aut alio quacumque, prius tento, in ius theutonicum quod magdeburgense

di cit ur , t ran sferi mus »>ɹɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚɅɭɰɤɡ ɪɭ ɫɿɧɫɤɚɝ ɚɩ ɪɚɜɚɚɥɶɛɨ

155

ɜɚɥɵɧɫɤɚɝɚ ɰ ɿ ɹɲɱɷ ɹɤɨ ɝɚ ɪɚɧɟɣ ɬɪ ɵɦ ɚɧ ɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɟ ɩ ɪɚɜɚ

ɲɬɨɦɚɝɞ ɷɛɭɪ ɝɫɤɿɦ ɡɚɜɟɰɰɚ ɩɟɪɚɜɨɞ ɡɿɦ @

ȺɁ Ɋ,ʋ ɉɨ ɥɚɰɤȺɅɊȽ ʋ ɫ ± Ɇɿɥ ɟɣ

ɱ ɵɰ ɵ

Bibl. UW, ']LDáUĊNR SLVyZą .RSL D]0HWU\NL .RURQQ HM

ks. 1057, f. 113v-118;ȺɁɊ,,,ʋɫ

Ⱥ Ƚɪ ɢɰɤɟɜɢɱ ɑɚɫɬɧ ɨɜɥ ɚɞɟɥ ɶɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɨɪ ɨɞɚɫ ± 

W. Jarmol ik ɈS FLW  V 

ȼɉɢɱ ɟɬɚȺɝ ɪɚɪ ɧɚɹ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɫ 

ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋ  ɫ 

ȺɁ Ɋ ɬ , ʋ  ɉɟɪ ɚɜɨɞɧɚɦ ɚɝɞ ɷɛɭ ɪɝɫɤɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɝɚɫɩɚɞ ɚɪ

ɚɛ ɝɪ ɭɧ ɬɨ ʆɜɚɟ ɠ ɚɞ ɚɧɧɟɦ ɩɚɥɟɩɲ ɵɰ ɶ ɫɬɚɧ ɨɜɿɲ ɱɚ ɝɚɪ ɚɞ ɫɤɨɝ ɚ ɧɚ

ɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ³ɲɬɨ ɛɵɥɸɞ ɢɧɚɲɢ ɬɚɦ ɠɢɜɭɱɵɢ ɱɟɪɟɡɭɪɚɞ ɞɨɛɪɵɣɢ

ɫɩɪɚɜ ɟɞɥ ɢɜ ɵɣɛɵɥɢɪɨɡɦ ɧ ɨɠɟɧɵɬɨɟɦ ɟɫɬɨɧɚɲɨɡɩɪɚɜ ɚ ɥɢɬɨɜ ɫ

ɤɨɝɨɢɪɭɫɤɨɝɨɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɤɨɥɢɛɭɞɟɬɬɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɟɦ ɟɰɤɨɟ

ɦ ɚɣɬ ɛɨɪɫɤɨ ɟɩɟɪɟɦ ɟɧɹɟɦ ɧɚɜɟɱɧɵɟɱɚ ɫɵ´

Ƚɥɡɚʆɜ ɉɚɪ$ :DZ U]\ĔF]\NɈ SFLW V ± 

O. Hed emann. Dzi sna i D ruja — magd ebu rski e miast a, Wiln o,

1934, s. 381–386.

6$OH[DQ GUR ZLF]0LDVW HF]ND%LDá RUX VL L /L WZ\ MDN RR ĞURG NL

KDQGOXZ ;9,LSRáRZLH;9,,ZLHNX5RF]QLN %LDáRVWRFNLW,V

75.

$:DZU]\Ĕ F]\ N ɈSFLWV   Ⱥ  Ƚɪɢɰɤɟɜɢɱ ɑɚɫɬɧ ɨɜɥ ɚ

ɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚɫ 

ȺȽɪɢ ɰɤɟɜɢɱ ɈS FLWɫ  ɹɝɨɠ Ⱦɪ ɟɜɧɢ ɣɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɧɚ

ɋɥɭ ɱɢ Ɇɢɧɫɤ  ɫ ±

+àRZPLDĔ VNL5\V KLVWRU\F]Q \ZRMHZyG]WZDQRZR JUyG]NLHJR

w jego dzisiejszych granicach (do r. 1795), Wil no, 1935, s. 79.

ɘɂȾɪ ɚɝ ɭɧɈɪ ɲɚ ɜ;9, ²ɩɟɪ ɜɨɣ ɩɨ ɥɨɜɢɧɟ;9,,ɜɢɫ

ɬɨɪ ɢɤɨɷɤɨɧ ɨɦ ɢɱ ɟɫɤɢ ɣɨ ɱɟɪɤ  ȼɨɩ ɪɨ ɫɵɢɫɬɨɪ ɢɢ  ȻɋɋɊ Ɇɢɧ ɫɤ

 ɫ ± Ⱥʆɬɚɪ ɭɜɚɠ ɚɟɲɬ ɨɿɫɧ ɚɜɚɧɧɟɜɨɣɬ ɚɛɵɥ ɨɞɨɤɚɡɚɦ

ɬɚɝɨɲɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɚʆɠ ɨʆ  ɝɤɚɥ ɿɚɤɬɵʆɩɟɪ ɲɵɧɸ ɡɝɚɞɜɚɸɰɶɩ ɪɚ

ɹɝɨɜɚɥɨ ɞɚɥɚɦɚɥɵɦ ɦɚɝ ɞɷɛ ɭɪɝɫɤɿɦ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɌɵɦɱ ɚɫɚɦɜɨ ɣɬɵɿɫɧɚ

ɜɚɥɿ ʆɦɟɫɬɚɯɿ ɦɹɫɬɷɱ ɤɚɯɹɤɿɹɧɟ ɦɟɥ ɿɝɷɬɚɝɚɩ ɪɚɜɚ ɇɚɣ ɞɚʆɧɟɣɲɵɦ

ɩɪ ɵɤɥɚɞ ɚɦ ɬɭɬ ɦɨ ɠɚ ɫɥ ɭɠ ɵɰɶȻɟɥɶɫɤɉ ɚɞɥ ɹɫɤɿɞ ɡɟʆɠ ɨ ʆ   ɝ

ȼɿɬɚʆɬɭɜɺʆɩɚɫɚɞɭɜɨɣɬɚɚɥɟɧ ɚɞɚɧɧ ɟɦɚɝɞ ɷɛɭɪɝ ɿɿɚɞɛɵɥɨɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɿʆ

±ɝɝɝɥ$-DEáRQRZVNL 3RGODVLH, cz. 2, s . 72–73).

ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋ  ɫ 

+àRZPL DĔVNL³ :FKRG\´F], V ±6$OH[DQ GURZLF]

0LDVWHF]ND%LDáRUXVLL /LW Z\ V Ⱥ Ƚɪ ɵɰɤɟɜɿɱɄɿɪ ɚɜɚɧɧɟɩ ɪɵɜɚɬ

ɧɚʆɥɚɞɚɥɶɧɿɰɤɿɯɝɚɪɚɞɨ ʆ ɫ  ɹɝɨ ɠɑɚɫɬɧ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥ ɶɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɚ

ɫ 

ȼ ɂɉ ɢɱɟɬɚȺɝ ɪɚɪɧɚɹɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɫ ɩɚɪɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɫ 

ȺɘɁɊ ɬ , ɫ 

Ʌɚɞɦ ɟɫɬɚʆɧɚɦ ɚɝ ɞɷɛɭɪɝɫɤɿɦɩɪɚɜ ɟ

156

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɁɄɨɩɵɫɫɤɢɣȽɪɨ ɞɧ ɨɂ ɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨ ɱɟɪɤɢ ɡɞ  ȼɢɥ ɶ

ɧɸɫ 

ɋȾɭɦ ɢɧɋɦ ɨɥɟɧ ɫɤɨ ɟɜɨɟɜɨ ɞɫɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɟɊ ɟɱɢ ɉɨ ɫɩɨɥ ɢ

ɬɨɣ ɫ  ɞɨ  ɝɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɥɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨɣ Ɇɟɬɪɢɤɢ ɚʆɬɚɪɷɮɟ

ɪɚɬɫ ±

ɁɄɨɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ  ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥ ɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɟ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɟɝɨɪɨ ɞɨ ɜ

ɫ±

ɇɄɨɜɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ«ɱ 9,,Ⱥɤɬɵ ɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚɯ

ɫ ±

ȺɁɊɬ,ʋ  ɫ 

ɊɂȻW;;NRO ɤɚɥɹ 

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦ ɚNRO ± Ƚɥ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚȼɉɢɱɟɬɚ Ȼɟɥɨ

ɪɭ ɫɫɢɹɢ Ʌɢɬ ɜɚɫ 

ȺȽȺȾ ɄɨɩɿɹɅɿɬɨ ʆɫɤɚɟɆɟɬɪ ɵɤɿɤɧ  ɤ ± ɝ

ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋ ɫ ±

ɇɄɨɜɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ«ɱ 9,,Ⱥɤɬɵ ɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚɯ

ɫ 

100

ɂ ɂɅɚɩɩɨɄɢ ɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹȼɟɥ ɢɤɨɝɨ Ʉɧɹɠɟ

ɫɬɜɚ Ʌɢɬ ɨɜɫɤɨɝ ɨ Ʉɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɳɚɧɟ ɜɢɬɟɛ ɫɤɢɟ ɜ ;9,ɫɬɨ ɥɟɬɢ ɢ

 ɋɛ ɨɪ ɧɢɤɫɬɚɬɟɣ  ɩɨ ɫɜɹɳɟɧ ɧɵɯ « Ʉɥ ɸɱ ɟɜɫɤɨɦ ɭɆɨɫɤɜɚ  

ɫ  ±  ɁɄɨɩ ɵɫɫɤɢ ɣ ɋɨ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɢ ɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɨɜ ɫ

171.

101

ɉ ɚɞ ɪɚɛɹɡɧ ɚɟɩ ɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥ ɟɧɧɟ ʆɬɪ ɵɦɚɧ ɧɹɜɨɣɬɚʆ ɫɩɨ ɫɚɛɚʆ

ɿɯɩɪ ɵɡɧɚɱɷɧ ɧɹ ɿɩɚʆɧɚɦɨɰ ɬɜɚʆɞɚʆȼȾɪ ɭɠɱ ɵɰ ȼɨ ɣɬɵɿ ɿɯɭ ɥɚɞ ɚ

ɫ ɝ ɥɬɚɤɫɚɦɚɁ Ʉɨɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ Ɇɚɝɞɟɛ ɭɪɝɫɤɨ ɟɩɪɚɜɨɫ ɹɝ ɨɠ

ɋɨ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɪ ɨɞɨ ɜ ɫ ± 

102

W. P ociech a. K ro lo wa Bon a (1 49 4– 15 57 ). Czasy i l ud zi e

2GURG ]HQLDW,,,3R]QDĔ V ±

103

ȺɅɊȽɬ,ʋ  ɫ ±

104

ȼȾɪɭ ɠɱɵɰȼɨɣɬ ɵɫ ±  ɿɌɁ ɚɛɟɥ ɚ Ɇɟɫɬ ɚȻɟɪɚɫɶ

ɰɟɣɫɤɚɟʆ;9,ɫɬɚɥɟɰɶɰ ɿ Ɂ ɚɩ ɿɫɤɿȺɞ ɡɶɞ ɡɟɥɭ Ƚɭ ɦɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɵɯɇɚɜɭ ɤ

ɤɧ  ɉɪ ɚɰɵ ɤɥɹɫɵɝ ɿɫɬ ɨɪɵɿ ɬ,,, Ɇɟɧɫɤ  ɫ 

105

ȺɁɊɬ,,ʋ ɫ± ɉɚɪȼȾɪɭɠɱɵɰȼɨɣɬɵɫ±

267, 271–272.

106

ȼ Ⱦɪɭɠɱ ɵɰȼɨɣɬɵ ɫ 

107

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚɫ  

108

ȺȽɪ ɢɰɤɟɜɢɱ ɑɚɫɬɧɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥ ɶɱɟɫɤɢɟɝ ɨɪɨ ɞɚ ɫ  Ƚɥɬɚɤ

ɫɚɦɚɁɄɨɩ ɵɫɫɤɢ ɣ ɋɨ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨ ɥɢɬɢɱ ɟɫɤɨɟɪ ɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨ ɪɨ ɞɨɜ ɫ

 ±ɞɡɟɩɚɜɟɞɚɦɥɹɟɰɰɚ ɩɪɚɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵɸ ɝɚɛ ɫɩɨ ɫɚɛɟɜɵɛɚ

ɪɭ ɜɨ ɣɬɚ ʆɇ ɹɫɜɿɠɵ ɿɫɚɧɤɰɵɹɧɚɜɚɧɧɿ ɹɝɨ ɧɚɝ ɚɚɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɩɚɧɚɦɦ ɟɫɬɚ

109

ȼȾɪɭɠɱɵɰȼɨɣɬɵɫ±- -DZRUVNLɈSFLWV±31 6.

110

ȺɅɊȽ ʋ  ɫ ±   ȱɧɲɵɹɩɪ ɵɤɥɚɞɵ ɡɚɛ ɲɚɪ ɭɉɚɞ

ɥɹɲɲɚɩɚɞɚɟəɛɥɚ ɧɨʆɫɤɿ -DEáRQ RZVN L. P odlas ie, cz. 2 , s. 74.

111

ȺɤɬɵȼɢɥɟɧɫɤɨɣȺɪɯɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ Ʉɨɦ ɢɫɫɢɢɞɚɥɟɣȺ ȼɄ

ɬ9,,ɱȺʋ ɫ

157

112

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚʋ ɫ ± ʋɫ

113

Ʉɚɬɚɥ ɨɝɞ ɨɤɭ ɦɟɧɬɿɜɿɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɿ ʀɄɢɽɜɚ ɫ ±  Ƚɥɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ

ɂɫɬɨɪ ɢɹɄɢ ɟɜɚ ɬ , Ⱦɪ ɟɜɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɵɣ Ʉɢ ɟɜɄɢ ɟɜ   ɫ

205–207.

114

ɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɰɢɚɥ ɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɥɢ ɬɢɱ ɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɪ ɨɞɨ ɜ

ɫ±

115

ȺɁɊɬ,ɫ ±Ƚɥɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ȺɅɊȽʋɫ  

Ɋɚɫɩɿɫɤɚ Ⱥ ɥɹɤɫɚɧ ɞɪ ɚ ɩɨ ɥɚɰɤɚɦ ɭ ɥɹɧɬɜɨ ɣɬɭ ɉ ɪɚ ɮɚɪ ɦɚɜɚɧɧ ɟ ʆ

ɉɨɥ ɶɲɱɵɬɷɪ ɦɿɧɭ ɥɹɧ ɞɜɨɣ ɬɰɿ ɥɹɧ ɬɜ ɨɣ ɬɭ ɫɷɧɫɟ ɧɚɦ ɟɫɧ ɿɤɚ ɜɨɣɬɚ

ɩɚɞ ɜɨɣɱɚɝ ɚɝɥ- 0D]X UNLHZLF]2 ]PLDQDFK WUHĞ FLW HUPL QXO DQGZ yMW

// Czaso pismo P raw no-Hi story czne, t. XIV, 1962, z. 2 , s. 171–1 74.

116

O. Hed eman n. Îp. cit., s. 19–2 3.

117

ȼ Ⱦɪɭɠɱɵɰȼɨɣɬɵ ɫ± 

118

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚ

119

ɇɚɣɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɟɣ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥ ɶɩɪ ɚɞɫɬ ɚɜɿ ʆ ɚɪ ɝɚɧɿɡɚɰ ɵɸɦ ɚɝɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɭ

ɧɚɩ ɪɵɤɥ ɚɞ ɡɟɧ ɟɤɚɥ ɶɤɿɯɛ ɭɣ ɧɟɣɲɵɯ ɦ ɟɫɬɚʆ ȼɹɥɿ ɤɚɝɚɄɧɹɫɬɜɚɚɩɿ 

ɫɚʆ ȼȾɪɭ ɠɱ ɵɰɆɚɝɿ ɫɬɪɚɬ ɭ ɛɟɥɚɪ ɭɫɤɿ ɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɫ  ±  Ƚɥ

ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣɋɨ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥ ɢɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɨ ɟɪ ɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝ ɨɪ ɨɞɨ ɜ

ɫ 

120

W. K owalenk o. Geneza, t. II, s. 114–1 20.

121

RIB, t. XXVII, kol. 705.

122

ȼ Ⱦɪɭɠɱ ɵɰȼɨɣɬɵ ɫ 

123

RIB, t. XXVII, kol. 739 –744.

124

ȼȾɪ ɭɠɱ ɵɰȼɨ ɣɬɵ Ɂ Ʉɨɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɰɢɚɥ ɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫ

ɤɨ ɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝɨɪ ɨɞɨ ɜ ɫ ± 

125

ɁɄɚɩ ɵɫɤɿɨS FLW V   ɬɥɭɦ ɚɱɵɰɶɝ ɷɬɚɩɚɥ ɿɬɵɱɧɚɸɫɥ ɚ

ɛɚɫɰɸɦ ɟɫɬɚʆ ɬɪ ɚɤɬɭɸ ɱɵ ² ɧɟ ɡɭ ɫɿɦ ɞ ɚɤɥ ɚɞ ɧɚ ² ɚɞ ɦɿɧ ɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɣ

ɧɭ ɸ ɡɜɟɪ ɯɧɚɫɰɶɜɨɣɬɚɧɚɞ ɦ ɚɝ ɿɫɬɪɚɬɚɦ ɹɤɜɵɧɿɤɩ ɚɡ ɧɟɣɲɵɯɩ ɟɪ ɚ

ɦɟɧɌɵɦ ɱ ɚɫɚɦ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɩɚʆɧɚɦɨ ɰɬɜɵɩ ɪɚɞ ɭɝ ɥɟɞɠ ɜɚɥɿ ɫɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɣ ɤɚɧ

ɫɬɪ ɭɤɰɵɹɣɜɨɣ ɬɚʆɫɤɚɣ ɩɚɫɚɞɵ

126

ɇɚɝɷɬɚ ɡɜɹɪɬɚɟ ʆɜɚɝɭ Ⱥ Ʉɚɪ ɩɚɱ ɨʆ ȺɄɚɪɩɚɱɟɜ Ɏɟɨ ɞɚɥ ɶ

ɧɵɟ ɸɪɢ ɞɢɤɢɫ ɉ ɚɞɪ ɚɛ ɹɡɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɵɫɬɵɤɭ ɸɪɵɞɵɤɭ ɦ ɟ

ɫɬɚɯȼɹɥɿ ɤɚɝ ɚ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚ ɞɚʆȼ Ⱦɪɭ ɠɱ ɵɰȼ Ⱦɪɭ ɠɱ ɵɰɆɚɝɿ ɫɬɪɚɬ ɫ

 ±   Ƚɥ ɬɚɤɫɚɦ ɚ Ɂ Ʉɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɰ ɢɚɥ ɶɧɨɩ ɨɥ ɢɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡ

ɜɢɬɢɟɝ ɨɪɨɞɨ ɜɫ± 

127

ɉɪɵɜɿɥɟɣɚɞ ɝȺɁɊɬ ,ʋɫ ±Ⱦɚɥɟɣɲɭɸ

ɝɿ ɫɬɨɪ ɵɸɤɚɧ ɮɥ ɿɤɬɭ ɩɚɞ ɪɚɛɹɡɧ ɚ ɜɵɤɥ ɚʆɋ ȼɿ ɫɥ ɚɭ ɯ 6 :\ Vá RX FK 

3R VáX JL NR PXQ LNDF\M QH' RGDWHN ,V   ± ɩɚɜɨ ɞɥ ɟɹɤɨ ɝɚ ɦɵɿ

ɰɵɬɭ ɟɦ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞ ɧɵɹ ɚɤɬɵ

128

ȺɅɊȽ ʋ   ɫ ±   Ƚɷɬɚɝɚ ɞɚɤɭ ɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɡɚʆɜɚɠ ɵʆ

ɋȼɵɫɥɨ ʆɯɭ ɜɵɲɷɣɰ ɵɬɚɜɚɧ ɚɣ ɩ ɪɚɰɵ

129

ȼ Ⱦɪɭɠɱ ɵɰ Ɇɚɝɿɫɬɪɚɬ ɫ ± 

130

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚ

131

-,.UDV]HZVNL:LOQRRGSRF]ąWNRZ MHJR«GRURNXW

Ʌɚɞɦ ɟɫɬɚʆɧɚɦ ɚɝ ɞɷɛɭɪɝɫɤɿɦɩɪɚɜ ɟ

158

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

I, Wiln o   V ɩɚɞ ɤɪɷɫɥɿɜɚʆ ³ ɲɬɨɱɚɫɬɚ ɜɿɧɚɜɚɬɵɹ ʆɰɹɤɚɥɿ ɡ

ɩɚɞ ɚɞ ɧɚɟɸ ɪɵɫɞɵɤɰɵɿ ɩ ɚɞ ɞɪ ɭɝ ɭɸɚʆɩɚɝɚɞɧɟɧɧɹɯɩ ɚɦ ɿɠ ɤɿ ɪɚʆ

ɧɿ ɰɬɜɚɦ ɿɬɪɨɯɱɚɫɬɚɤ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɚɝɚɜɨ ɪɜɚɥɚɫɹ ʆɡɚɟɦɧɚɹ ɜɵɞ ɚɱ ɚɝɷ

ɬɵɯʆɰɟɤɚɱɨ ʆɡ ɜɭ ɥɿ ɰɵ ɧɚ ɜɭɥ ɿɰɭ ´

132

-.XUF]HZVNL%LVNXSV WZRZLOHĔVNLH:LOQR, 1912, s. 109–112.

133

ȼ Ⱦɪɭɠɱ ɵɰ Ɇɚɝɿɫɬɪɚɬ ɫ ± 

134

ɊɂȻW ;;; N RO 

135

ɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ ɗɤɨ ɧɨɦ ɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɟɪ ɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝ ɨɪɨ ɞɨɜɫ ± 

ɹɝɨɠ ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧ ɨɩ ɨɥɢ ɬɢɱ ɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɪɨ ɞɨɜɫ 

136

ɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣɗɤɨɧɨ ɦɢɱ ɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɨɜɫ ± 

137

ɆɅɸɛ ɚɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉɛ ɥɚɫɬɧɨ ɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɢɟ ɫ  Ɇɨ ɠɧɚɩɚɞɚɰɶɿ

ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪ ɫɤɿ ɚɤɬ  ɝɹɤɿɡ ɦɹɲɱ ɚɟ ɡɚɛ ɚɪɨ ɧɭ ɸɪɵɞɵɤɭɇ ɚɜɚɝɪɚɞ

ɤɭ$Burd zejka, s. 15 9).

138

ȺȽɪɢ ɰɤɟɜɢɱ ɑɚɫɬɧɨɜɥ ɚɞɟɥ ɶɱɟɫɤɢ ɟ ɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɚ ɫ ± 

139

Ȼ$ ɬ, ɫɉɚɪ 6:\Vá RXFK8Z DJL, s . 35 6.

140

Ȼ$ ɬ,,,ɫ ɉɚɪ 6:\V áRXFK ɈSFLW V ± 

141

ɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣɆɚɝɞ ɟɛɭ ɪɝ ɫɤɨ ɟ ɩ ɪɚɜɨɫ 

142

əɝ ɨɠɋɨ ɰɢɚɥ ɶɧɨ ɩɨɥ ɢɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɟɪ ɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨ ɪɨɞɨ ɜ ɫ 

143

ȺɁɊɬ,9ɫɉɚɪ6:\VáR XFK8ZDJLV  ɿɁɄɨɩɵɫ

ɫɤɢ ɣɋɨɰɢɚɥ ɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪ ɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝ ɨɪɨɞ ɨɜɫ ± ³ ɉɚɧ ɚɦ

ɤɧ ɹɡ ɹɦ ɲɥ ɹɯɬɟɦɟɲ ɱɚɧ ɫɜɨɢɯɤɚɤɢ ɡɞ ɚɜɧɚɧ ɟ ɢɦɟɬ ɶ´

144

ɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɰɢɚɥ ɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɥɢ ɬɢɱ ɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɪ ɨɞɨ ɜ

ɫ 

145

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚ ɫ  

146

6: \VáRXFK3RVáXJ L NRPXQL NDF\MQHV± 

147

ɂɅɚɩ ɩɨ  Ʉ ɢɫɬɨ ɪɢɢ ɫɨɫɥɨ ɜɧɨɝ ɨ ɫɬɪɨɹȼɟɥ ɢɤɨɝ ɨ Ʉɧ ɹɠ ɟ

ɫɬɜɚ Ʌɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɫ 

148

+àR ZPLDĔVNL ³ :FKRG\´F] V

149

Ⱥ ɉȽɪɢ ɰɤɟɜɢɱ ɑɚɫɬɧɨɜɥ ɚɞɟɥ ɶɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɪɨ ɞɚ ɫ ± 

150

-2FKPDĔVN L :N ZHV WLL DJ UDUQ HJR  FK DUDNWHUX PLDVWV 

ɬɚɦɠ ɚ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧ ɵɿ ɩɨ ɝɥ ɹɞɵɅɚʆɦ ɹɧɫɤɚɝ ɚɧɚ ɝɷɬ ɵɩ ɪɚɞɦɟɬ

151

ɇɚɝ ɷɬɚɡɜɹɪɬɚʆɭɜɚɝɭɦɿɠ ɿɧɲɵɦ Ⱥ Ƚɚɥɶɛ ɚɧ$ +DOEDQ=XU

Geschi ch te d es deut schen rech tes i n Po do li en , Wol hy ni en u nd d er

8N UDLQ H%HUOL Q  ɩ ɚɞ ɤɪ ɷɫɥɿ ɜɚɸɱ ɵ ɧɹɜɟɞɚɧɧ ɟ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɟɦ ɨɜɵ

ʆɥ ɚɞɚɦɿɦɚɝɞ ɷɛɭ ɪɝɿ ɿɧɚɝɷ ɬɵɯɡɟɦɥɹɯɫ ɲɬɨ ɬɵɱɵɥ ɚɫɹʆɫɹɟɬɷ

ɪɵɬɨɪ ɵɿ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɝɚɄɧɹɫɬɜɚəɲɱɷ ɪ ɚɧɟɣȼȺ ɧɬɚɧɨ ɜɿɱ ɚɛ ɝɪɭ ɧɬ ɨʆɜɚʆ

ɝɷɬɵɦɮ ɚɤɬɚɦ ɩ ɨɝɥ ɹɞɲɬɨ ʆɜɨɞ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɝɚ ɩɪ ɚɜɚɧɚɅɿɬɜɟ ɬɵɱ ɵʆɫɹ

ɜɵɤɥ ɸɱ ɧɚ ɝ ɚɪ ɚɞ ɫɤɨɣ  ɚɪɝ ɚɧ ɿɡ ɚɰ ɵɿ  ɚ ʆ ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɿ ɯ ɫɭ ɞɚɯ ɭɠ ɵɜɚɥ ɚɫɹ

ɦɹɫɰɨ ɜɚɟɩɪ ɚɜɚɂ ɫɫɥ ɟɞɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɚɯɫ  Ɂɝ ɷɬɵɦɩ ɚɥɟɦɿɡ ɚ

ɜɚʆ Ɏ Ɍɚɪɚɧ ɨʆɫɤɿ Ɉ ɛɡ ɨɪS DVV LP ɚɞ ɡɧɚɱɚɸɱɵɪɚɫɩ ɚʆɫɸɞ ɠɚɧ ɚɫɰɶ

ɭȼɹɥ ɿɤɿɦɄɧɹɫɬɜɟɩɨɥɶɫɤɿɯɸɪɵɞɵɱ ɧɵɯɩɪɚɰ ɚɛɦɚɝɞɷɛ ɭɪɝɫɤɿɦɩ ɪɚɜɟ

152

ȺɅɊȽʋ ɫ±

153

=ELyUGDZQ\FKG \SORPDWyZ L DNWyZ0LĔVNLHMJ XEHUQLL0LĔVN

1848, s. 58: ³«ɲɬɨɦ ɹɫɚɦ ɫɰɜɹɪɞɠɚʆɜɚɹɜɨɞɚɞɚɜɧɨɜɬɨɦ ɜɨɟɜɨɞ

159

ɫɬɜɟɦ ɨɟɦ  ɭɩɚɬɪɵɜɚɥɢɠɝɞɵɛɵ ɬɨɟɦ ɟɫɬɨɩɨɞɨɞɧɨɸɸɪɵɫɞɵɰɟɸ

ɢɩɨɫɥɭɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɵɥɨɜɥɟɩɲɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɭɢɩɨɦ ɧɨɠɟɧɢɸɡɚɩɨɦ ɨɲ

ɱɭȻɨɠɨ ɸɫɬɚɬɶɛɵɦ ɨ ɝɥɨ´ɉɚɪ 6:\Vá RXFK Uwagi, s . 347– 348.

154

Ɏ ɌɚɪɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣɈɛɡ ɨɪ ɫ    

155

ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋ  ɫ 

156

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚʋ ɫ 

157

ȺɅɊȽɬ,ʋ  ɫ

158

ɌɚɦɭɁ Ʉɚɩɵɫɤɿɧ ɟɦɚɟ ɪɚɰɵɿɰɜɟɪɞɡ ɹɱɵɲɬɨ³ ɿ ɫɤɿ ɮɟɚɞ ɚ

ɥ ɚʆɞ ɚ ɦɹɲɱ ɚɧ ɪ ɚɡ ɝɥ ɹɞ ɚɥ ɿɫɹ ɧɚɩ ɚɞ ɫɬɚɜɟ ɋɬɚɬɭɬɭɿ ɫɤɿ ɦɹɲɱ ɚɧɞ ɚ

ɮɟɚɞ ɚɥ ɚʆ ² ɡɝ ɨɞɧ ɚ ɡɦ ɚɝ ɞɷɛɭɪ ɝɫɤɿ ɦɩɪɚɜɚɦ´ ɋɨɰɢ ɚɥ ɶɧ ɨɩɨɥ ɢɬɢ

ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢ ɟɝ ɨɪ ɨɞ ɨɜɫ Ⱦɚɞ ɚɦɨ  ɲɬɨ ɬɚɤɨ ɝɚɩɪɚɜɿɥ ɚ ɹɤɨɟ

ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨʆɧɚɣ ɩɪɨ ɰɿɥ ɟɝɥ ɚɫɰ ɸɩɪ ɵɧɰ ɵɩɭ “a cto r seq uit ur for um rei”

>³ ɿɫɰɟɰ ɡɜɹɪ ɬɚɟɰɰɚʆ ɫɭɞ ɩɚɦɟɫɰɵ ɠɵɯɚɪɫɬɜɚɚɞ ɤɚɡ ɱɵɤɚ´@ɭɜɨɝɭ ɥɟ

ɧɟɥɶɝɚɛɵɥɨ ɿʆɹɜɿɰɶ

159

ɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ Ɇɚɝ ɞɟɛ ɭɪɫɤɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɫ  ɹɝɨ ɠ ɋɨɰ ɢɚɥ ɶ

ɧɨ ɩɨɥ ɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɟɝ ɨɪɨ ɞɨɜɫ 

160

ȺȽɪ ɢɰɤɟɜɢɱ ɑɚɫɬɧɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥ ɶɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɪ ɨɞɚ ɫ Ɋɷ ɱɚɿ ɫ

ɧɚɫɰ ɶ ɛɵɥɚ ² ɹɤɜɿ ɞɚɰɶ²ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɟɣɲɚɸɱ ɵɦ ɜɵɧɿ ɤɚɥɚ ɡ ɜɵɫɧɨ

ɜɚʆ ɎɌɚɪɚɧɨ ʆɫɤɚɝ ɚɹɤɿ ɚɛ ɦɟɠɚɜɚʆɫɹɜɵɧɹɬɤɚɦ ɿ ɡɚɤɬɚʆɈ ɛɡ ɨɪ  ɫ

 ± ɲ ɬɨ ɫɜɟɞɱ ɵɥɿ ɩɪ ɚʆɩɥɵɜɵ ɩɪɚɰɒɱɷɪ ɛɿɱ ɚ ɿȽɪɚɿ ɰɤɚɝɚ ɧɚ

ɝɚɪɚɞ ɫɤɭ ɸɸ ɪɵɫɞɵɤɰɵɸ ɿ ɩɚɞɤɪ ɷɫɥ ɿʆ ɭɩɥ ɵʆ ɦɚɝ ɞɷɛ ɭɪɝ ɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ

ɧɚɋɬɚɬɭ ɬɵɅɿ ɬɨ ʆɫɤɿ ɹ ɚɥ ɟ ɩɪ ɚɦ ɿɧɭ ʆ ɪɨ ɥɸ ɋɬɚɬɭɬ ɚʆɹɤɩ ɪɚɜɚ ɹɤɨɟ

ɞɡ ɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɚ ɿʆɦɟɫɬɚɯ

161

ȺȽɪɢɰɤɟɜɢɱɋɨɰ ɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɝɨɪɨɠɚɧȻɟɥɨ ɪɭɫɫɢɢ ;9,±

;9,,, ɜɜ Ɇɢɧɫɤ ɫ ± Ƚɷɬɵɹɮɚɤɬɵ ɚʆɬɚɪɩɚɞɚɟ ɧɚɩɚɞɫɬɚ

ɜɟɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɚʆȺȽȺȾɭȺɪ ɯ Ɋɚɞɡ ɿɜɿ ɥɚʆG]LDá ;9WHN D ʋ  

162

ȿɈ ɪɥ ɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚɪ ɨɞ ɧɟɧɫɤɚɹɫɬɚɪɢ ɧɚ ɱ ,Ƚɨɪ >ɨ ɞ@Ƚɪɨ ɞɧɚ

Ƚɪ ɨɞɧɚ   ɫ ± ɁɄɨɩ ɵɫɫɤɢɣ Ɇɚɝɞ ɟɛɭɪ ɫɤɨɟɩɪɚɜɨ ɫ 

163

ȼɈɬɨ ɦɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɪ ɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ  ɫɬɪɨɹɫ 

164

ɁɄɨ ɩɵɫɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɰɢɚɥ ɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɥɢ ɬɢɱ ɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɪ ɨɞɨ ɜ

ɫ 

165

= 5\PDV]HZVNL0LHM VNRĞü F]\ ZL HMVNRĞ üSUDZDQLHPLHFNL HJR

Z 3R OV FH  =HV ]\W \ 1DXNR ZH8 à1DXN L +XP6S Rá  VHUL D, ] 

1970, s. 75.

166

Ƚɷɬɚɩɚɞ ɤɪɷɫɥɿɜɚɟɆɚɬɭ ɲɷʆɫɤɿ J. Matu szewski. Recepcja prawa

Q LHPL HF NL HJ R Z 3R OV FH L  Q D /L WZ LH   ày G]NL H 7R Z 1 DX NR ZH

6SUDZR]GDQLD]F]\QQ RĞFL LSRVL HG]HĔ 5 ;; ąV

167

ɉɚɪ%=L HQW DUD ħUyGá DL  JHQH]D³ SUDZD QLHPLHFNLHJR´L XV

WHXWRQLFX PQDWOHUXFKXR VDGQLF]HJRZ(XUR SLH=DFKRGQLHML ĝURGNRZHM

Z;,±;,,Z 3U]HJOąG +LVW RU\F]Q\W /;,; ] V±  ɹɤɿ

ɚɧɿɤɨ ɥɶɤɿɧ ɟɩ ɪɨɰ ɿɩɚɫɬɚʆɥɹɟɝ ɚɪɚɞɫɤɨɟɿ ɜɹɫɤɨɜɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɱɚɫɨʆ ɚɫɚɞ

ɧɿɰɬɜɚɧ ɚɚɞɜɚɪɨɬɚɞɡɧɚɱ ɚɟɿɯ ɫɭɩɨɥ ɶɧɵɹɪ ɵɫɵɚɫɚɛɿɫɬɭɸɜɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ

ɫɭɞɨɜɭɸ ɚʆɬɚɧɨɦɿ ɸɜɵɥɭ ɱɚɸ ɱɵ ɹɤɫɩ ɟɰɵɮɿɤɭ ɜɹɫɤɨɜɚɝɚɩɪ ɚɜɚɚɞ

ɧɨɫɿ ɧɵɞɚ ɡɹɦɥɿɌɨɣɠɚɚʆɬɚɪ ɭɤɧɿ ɡɟ“Henr yk Brod aty i jego cz asy”,

Ʌɚɞɦ ɟɫɬɚʆɧɚɦ ɚɝ ɞɷɛɭɪɝɫɤɿɦɩɪɚɜ ɟ

160

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

:DUV ]DZD V ɡɜɹɪɧɭʆɭɜɚɝɭɲɬ ɨɦɚɝɞɷɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɟɩɪɚɜɚ ɛɵɥɨ

ɬɨ ɸɪɚɡɧɚɜɿɞɧɚɫɰɸɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɝɚɩɪɚɜɚɹɤɚɹɚɞɩɚɜɹɞɚɥ ɚɝ ɚɪɚɞ ɫɤɿ ɦɫɬɚ

ɫɭ ɧɤɚɦ 

168

;9,ɿ ɩɟɪɲɚɹɩɚɥɨ ɜɚ ;9,, ɫ ɬɛ ɵɥɿ ɩɟɪɵɹɞɚɦɪɚɡɜɿ ɰɰɹɦɟɫ

ɬɚʆȼɹɥɿɤɚɝɚɄɧ ɹɫɬɜɚɿ ɿɯɫɚɦɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɹɝɥɟɞɡ ɹɱɵɧɚɫɭ ɩɪɚɰ ɶɥɟɝ

ɥɵɹ ɬɷɧɞ ɷɧ ɰɵɿɌɚɦ ɭ ɦɵɧɟ ɩɚɞɡ ɹɥ ɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɝɥ ɹɞ ɭ ȺɅ ɏɚɪɚɲɤɟɜɿɱ

Ⱥ Ʌɏɨɪ ɨɲɤɟɜɢɱ ɇ ɟɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɰɢ ɚɥɶɧ ɨɩ ɨɥɢ ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩ ɪɟɞɩ ɨɫɵɥ

ɤɢ ɮɨ ɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɨɜɨ ɣɤɭɥɶɬɭ ɪɵ ɥɢɬɨɜɫɤɢɯɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɚ ;9

² ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ;9, ɜɜ  6WXG LD 0DUL WLPDW ,:DUV]DZD V  ± 

ɡɝ ɨɞ ɧɚɡ ɹɤɿ ɦ ɡ ɤɚɧɰ ɚ ;9 ɫɬɩɚɱ ɚɥ ɚ ɪɚɫɰɿ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɝɚɮɟɚɞɚɥɚʆ ɧɚɞ

ɫɚɦɚɤɿ ɪɚʆɧ ɿɱ ɚɸ ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɨ ɣ ɚɪ ɝɚɧɿɡ ɚɰ ɵɹɣɭ ɡɦ ɚɰ ɧɿɥ ɚɫɹ ɜɵɰɹɫɧɟɧ ɧɟ

ɦɹɲɱɚɧɡ ɝɚɧɞɥ ɺɜɚɝɚɚɛ ɚɪɨ ɬɭ ɿ³ ɡɜɭ ɠɷɧɧɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɡ ɟɣɧɚɫɰ ɿɦ ɚɝɞ ɷ

ɛɭ ɪɝ ɫɤɚɝ ɚ ɩɪ ɚɜɚ >ɿ @ ɩɚɲɵɪɷ ɧɧ ɟ ɫɮ ɟɪ ɵ ɞɡ ɟɣɧɚɫɰ ɿ ɩɪ ɚɜɚ ɡɟɦɫɤɚɝɚ´

ɫ Ⱥɞ ɷɤɜɚɬɧɟɣ ɯɨɰ ɶɬ ɪɨɯɿɥ ɿɲɧ ɟɚɩɬɵɦɿɫɬɵɱ ɧɚ ɩɚɞ ɚɟ ɫɬɚɧɪ ɷ

ɱɚʆ ɁɄɚɩɵɫɤɿ Ɂ Ʉɨɩ ɵɫɫɤɢɣ ɗɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɱ ɟɫɤɨ ɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝɨɪ ɨɞ ɨɜ

pass im).

169

Ɂɚɧ ɚɞɬɚ ɞɚɥɺɤɚɧ ɚɧɚɲɭɸɞɭ ɦɤɭ ɿɞɡɟ ɁɄɚɩɵɫɤɿɤɚɥɿɤɪɵ

ɬɵɤɭ ɸɱɵɩɨ ɝɥɹɞɵ ȼȺɧɬɚɧɨɜɿɱɚɿȼ Ⱦɪɭɠɱɵɰɚɰɜɟɪɞɡɿɰɶɲɬɨ ɦɚɝ

ɞɷɛɭ ɪɝ ɫɤɚɟɩɪɚɜɚ ʆȼɹɥ ɿɤɿɦ ɄɧɹɫɬɜɟɅɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɦ  ɫɤɥ ɚɞ ɚɥ ɚ ɚɞ ɡɿ ɧɭ ɸ

ɦɚɞɷɥ ɶɭ ɜɵɝɥ ɹɞɡ ɟɚɞɧɚɫɬɚ ɣɧɚɟɫɿɫɬɷɦ ɵɚɪɝɚɧɿɡ ɚɰɵɿɝ ɚɪ ɚɞɫɤɨɝɚɫɚ

ɦɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧ ɹ ɉɪɵ ɬɚɤɿ ɦɩ ɚɞɵɯɨɞɡɟɡɚɰɿɪɚɸɰɰ ɚɿɫɬɨɬɧ ɵɹ ɚɞɪɨ ɡɧɟɧɧɿ

ɿ ɚɞ ɦɟɬɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɚɹɤɿ ɹɦ ɵɡ ɜɹɪɬɚɥɿ ʆɜɚɝɭ ɜɵɲɷɣ

170

ɇɚ ɚɞɫɭɬ ɧɚɫɰɶɞɨɫɥ ɟɞɚʆ ɚɛɦɟɧɲɵɯ ɦ ɟɫɬɚɯɿɦɹɫɬɷɱɤɚɯɡɜɹɪ

ɬɚɸɰɶ ɭɜɚɝɭȼȱɧɤɿɧɿ Ⱦɉɚɯɿ ɥɟɜɿ ɱɭ ɪɷɰɷɧɡɿɿ ɧɚ ɤɧɿɝ ɭɁɄɚɩ ɵɫɤɚɝɚ

³ɗɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɜȻɟɥ ɨɪɭɫɢɢ´ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɋɋɋɊ

ʋɫ 

161

ɭɬ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɡɟɦ ɭɡɞɵɦɚɰɶ ɜɭɡɥɚɜ ɵɯ ɩɵ ɬɚɧɧɹʆ

ɡɜɹɡɚɧɵɯ ɡ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɹɣ ɤɚɧɰɵɥɹ ɪɵɿ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɝɚ

Ʉɧɹ ɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜ ɚ ɩɪɚɛɥɟɦɵ Ʌɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɣ Ɇɟɬ

ɪɵɤɿ ɹɤɚɹ  ɩɚɬɪɚɛɭɟ ɩɚɞɪɚɛɹ ɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɧɚɝɪɚɮɿɱ

ɧɵ ɯ ɞɚɫɥɟɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ ʆ Ɇɵ ɠɚɞɚɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɚɤɪɷɫɥɿɰɶ ɧɟɤɚɥɶɤɿ ɩɵ

ɬɚɧɧɹʆ ɹ ɤɿɹ ɬɵɱɚɰɰɚ ɤɚɧɰɵɥɹɪɫɤɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɤɿ ɿ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɶ  ɡɭɫɿɦ

ɰɿ  ɚɦɚɥɶ ɡɭɫɿɦ ɧɟ ɡɜɹ ɪɧɭɥɿ ɧɚ ɫɹɛɟ ʆɜɚɝɿ ɞɚɫɥɟɞɱɵɤɚʆ

ɇɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɚʆ ɩɚɫɩɪɚɛɭɣɦɚ ɫɮɚɪɦɭɥɹɜɚɰɶ ɿ  ɩɚɪɭ

ɚɝɭɥɶɧɵ ɯ ɡɚʆɜ ɚɝɚʆ ɭ ɫɭɜɹ ɡɿ ɡ ɬɚɝɚɱɚɫɧɚɣ ɤɚɪɨɧɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɵ

ɤɚɣ  ɍɪɷɲɰɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɷɧɧɟ  ɡɜɟɪɧɟɦ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɿɹ  ɫɥɹ ɞɵ

ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚɫɰɿ ʆ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɿ ɤɚɧɰɵɥɹ ɪɵɿ ɀɵɝɿɦɨɧɬɚ I.

Ʌɿ ɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡ ɹɤɨɟ ɦɵ  ɦɨɠɚɦ ɫɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɰɶ  ɧɟɛɚɝɚɬɚɹ

ɉɵɬɚɧɧɿ ɡɜɹɡɚɧɵɹ  ɡ ɤɚɧɰɵɥɹ ɪɵɹ ɣ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɝɚ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚ Ʌɿɬɨʆ

ɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɨɝɭɥ ɞɚɫɥɟɞɚɜɚɧɵ ɹ ɜɟɥɶ ɦɿ ɫɥɚɛɚ ɉɟɪɲɚɣ ɩɪɚɰɚɣ ɭ

ɢ ɚɤɬɨɜ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ɇɟɬɪɢɤ ɢª  ɞɡɟ ʆ ɩɟɪɲɚɣ ɱɚɫɬɰɵ ɩɚɞɚɜɚ

ɥɿɫɹ ɩɷʆɧɵɹ ɚɝɭɥɶ ɧɵ ɹ ɡɜ ɟɫɬɤɿ ɩɪɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɸ Ʌɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɣ Ɇɟɬ

ɪɵɤɿ ɿ ɹɟ ɡɦɟɫɬ

 ɋɚɦɵ ɩɚɞɪɚɛɹ ɡɧɵ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɶ ɧɚɪɵɫ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɿ

ɤɚɧɰɵɥɹ ɪɵɿ ɞɚʆ  Ɇ Ʌ ɸɛɚʆɫɤɿ  ɹɤɿ ʆɜɺʆ ɭ ɧɚɜ ɭɤɨɜɵ ʆɠɵɬɚɤ

ɛɚɝɚɬɚ ɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɭ ɡ ɤɪɵɧɿɰ ɿ ɩɟɪɲɵ ɡɜɹɪɧɭʆ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ

ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵ ɸ ɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɵɹɧɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɫɤɚɟ ɤɚɧɰɵɥɹɪɵɿ

ɇɚ ɩɚɞɫɬɚɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɤɪɵɧɿɰ Ɇ Ʌɸɛɚʆɫɤɿ ɩɪɵ ɣɲɨʆ ɞɚ ɩɟɪɚ

ɤɚɧɚɧɧɹ  ɲ ɬɨ ɤɚɧɰɵɥɹ ɪɵɹ ȼɹ ɥɿɤɚɝɚ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜ ɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɫɨɛ

ɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ɤɿɪɚɜ ɚɧɧɹ  ɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɵ ɹ ɧɚɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɵ

ɦɚɧɚɪɯɭ ɿ ɪɚɞɡɟ ɩɚɧɨʆ ɹ ɤ ɞɚɩɚɦɨɠɧɚɹ   ɩɚɫɥɭɝɨɜ ɚɹ ɿɧɫɬɵɬɭ

ɰɵ ɹ ɛɟɡ ɭɥɚɫɧɚɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɿ  Ɇɵ ɩɪɚɦɿɧɚɟɦ ɩɪɚɰɵ ɹɤɿɹ

ɧɟ ʆɧɟɫɥɿ ɧɿɱɨɝɚ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɚɝɚ ʆ ɪɚɡɝɥɹ ɞɚɧɵɹ ɧɚɦɿ ɫɩɪɚɜɵ ɚɥɶɛɨ

ɡɚɣɦɚɥɿɫɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɧɚ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɹɦɿ  ɡɜɹɡɚɧɵɦɿ  ɡ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɟɦ ɤɧɿɝ

Ⱥɛɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɣɤɚɧɰɵɥɹɪɵɿ

ɱɚɫɨʆɀɵɝɿɦɨɧɬɚ,ɋɬɚɪɨɝɚ