Бардах Ю. Штудыі з гісторыі Вялікага княства Літоўскага

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ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

138

+à RZPLDĔ VN L =]DJ DGQ LHĔ V SRUQ\FKV ɩɚɪɚʆɧɨ ʆɜɚɟ

Ʌɿ ɬɜɭ ;,9 ɫɬ ɡɮɪ ɚɧɤɫɤɚɣɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɚɸ ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɿɩɚɜɨɞ ɥɟɷ ɬɚɩɚɞɡɹɪ

ɠɚʆɧ ɚɝ ɪɚɦ ɚɞ ɫɤɚɝɚ ɪɚɡɜɿ ɰɰɹ ɚɥɟɿ ɩɚɜɨɞ ɥɟɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧ ɚɝ ɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɚ

ɪɭɁ ɝɷɬɚɝɚɩɚɪɚʆɧ ɚɧɧ ɹɜɿɞɚɰɶɛ ɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɚɥ ɿɞɚɪɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɚɦ ɿɠɭ ɥɚɞ ɚɣ

ɿɛ ɚɹɪɚɦ ɿɛɨ ɿɯɫɭɩɨɥɶɧɚɹɞ ɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɶ© ɿ ɦɤɧɭɥ ɚɫɹɧ ɟɬɨɥ ɶɤɿɞ ɚʆɦɚɰɚ

ɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɨ ɜɚɝɚ >ɮɟɚɞɚɥɶɧ ɚɝ ɚ@ɥ ɚɞ ɭʆɷɬɧ ɚɝ ɪɚɮɿɱ ɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɚɥ ɟ ɿ ɞɚ

ɡɞ ɚɛ ɵɰ ɰɹɿ ʆɬɪɵɦɚɧɧɹʆɥɚɞɵ ɧɚɱ ɭɠ ɵɯ ɚɛ ɲɚɪɚɯª ɉ ɚɪ ɚʆɧ  ɪɚɧɟɣ

ɲɵɹUw agi, V ɿ SDVVL P ɍɜɵɧɿ ɤɭ ²ɩ ɿɲɚɅɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ²© ɭ ɧɿɹɿ

ʆɜɹɞ ɡɟɧ ɧɟɤɚɬɚɥ ɿɰɬɜɚ ɡɚɫɰɟɪɚɝ ɥɿ ɥɿɬɜɿɧɚʆɚɞ ɩɪ ɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɹ ɿ ɞɷɧɚɰɵɹ

ɧɚɥɿ ɡɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɲɷ ɣɲ ɵɯɫɥ ɚɺʆɚɥɟɫɬɚɫɭ ɧɤɚɦ ɩɚɦɿ ɠ ɞɜɭɦ ɚ ɧɚɪɨ ɞɚɦɿ

ɯɭ ɬɱɷɣ ɫɬɚɥɿ ɩɟɪɚɲɤɚɞɠɚɰɶª ɬɚɦɫɚɦɚɫ 

139

ȽɷɬɚɩɚɞɤɪɷɫɥɿɜɚʆɿɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤȺȼɿɫɤɚɧɬRSFLWV493.

140

Akta Uniiʋs. 64: «Easdem terras, quas semper cum pleno

dom inio ac iur e mero et mi xto …h abemu s a pr ogenit oribus nostr is…

ba ronu m, nob iliu m, boyaror um volu nta te, rat iha bit ione et co ncen su

ad hibi tis »>© Ɍɵɹɠ ɡɟɦ ɥɿɹɤɿ ɹɡ ɚʆɫɺɞɵ ɦɵ ɦɟɥ ɿʆ ɩɨʆɧɵɦɭɥɚɞɚɧ ɧɿ

ɡɝ ɨɞɧ ɚɡ ɱɵɫɬɵɦ ɿɡ ɦɹɲɚɧɵɦɩ ɪɚɜɚɦ«ɹɲɱɷ ɚɞɧɚɲɵɯɩɪɚɛɚɰɶɤɨʆ

«ɝ ɪɭɧɬɭ ɸɱɵɫɹɧɚ ɜɨɥɿɩɚɰɜɹɪɞɠɷ ɧɧɿɿ ɡɝɨɞ ɡɟɞɚɫɬɨɣɧɿɤɚʆɲɥɹɯɬɵ

ɿɛ ɚɹɪɚʆª @

141

O. Balzer. Uni a horo delsk a, s. 24.

142

ȱɯɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɡɟʆɄɭɬɲɷɛɚ 6.XW U]HE D8 QLD 3RO VNL ]/L WZąs .

504–514).

143

ɉɚɞɪɚɛɹɡɧɵɜɵɤɥ ɚɞ ɝɷɬɵɯɩ ɚɞɡ ɟɹʆɞɚʆɅɹɜɿɰɤɿ A. Lew ick i.

:VWąSLHQL HQDWURQSROVNL. D]LPLHU]D-DJLHOO RĔF]\ND// RAU, XX (1887),

s. 7–25). ɍ ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɫɰɿ ɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɿɹ ɞɷɥɟɝɚɬɵɲɬɨɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɡɿ ɥɿɩ ɟɪɚɦ ɨ

ɜɵɡɄɚɡɿɦ ɿɪɚɦ ɭɫɩɪɚɜɟɡɚɧɹɰɰɹɿɦ ɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɚɝɚɬ ɪɨɧɭ ɩɪ ɵɫɹɝɧɭɥɿ ²

ɹɫɧɚ ɲɬɨ ɧɚ ɠɚɞ ɚɧ ɧɟɥ ɿɬɜɿɧɚʆ² ɲɬɨ ɤɚɪ ɨɥ ɶ ɛɭɞ ɡɟɦ ɟɰ ɶɫɜɚɛɨ ɞɭ

«famil iares cuiu s cunque l inguagii t enere, hab ere et fovere», ɚɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ

ɛɭ ɞɡɟ ɦɟɰɶɦɚɝ ɱɵɦ ɚɫɰɶɜɵɟɯɚɰɶɭȼɹɥɿ ɤɚɟ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚ ɿɧ ɚɊɭ ɫɶɿ ɩɟɪ ɚ

ɛɵɜɚɰɶɬɚɦ«iuxta sue sereni tatis arbitr iae volunta tis» (s. 21).

144

ɌɷɤɫɬɚɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɜɚʆɍɥɹɧɨʆɫɤɿB. Ulanowski. Projekt unii polsko-

litewskiej z 1446 r. // AKP, VI, s. 237 –239.

145

$/ HZ LFN L: VWąSL HQ LHQDW UR Q, s. 2 5– 27 . ɍ ɩɪ ɵɜɚɬɧɚɫɰ ɿ,

ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿ ɛɨɤ ɠɚɞ ɚʆ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɜɵɪɚɡɚʆ «iugo servitu tis obno xios (ɭ ɞɚɱ ɵ

ɧɟɧɧɿ ɞɚ ɥɿɬɜɿɧɚʆ), haec incorporamus, invisceramus, appropriamus» ɧ ɚ

ɜɵɡɧɚ ɱɷ ɧɧɟ«s oci eta s et l iga », ɹɤɛ ɵɥɨ ɫɮ ɚɪ ɦɭɥ ɹɜɚɧɚʆɞɚɤɭɦɟɧ ɰɟ

ɝ

146

-'áXJRV ]2SHUD, XIV, s . 46. ɉɚɥɹɤɿɚɞɤɚɡɜɚɸ ɰɶ«Ut vid elicet

regnum Polo niae cum ducatu magno Lithuaniae, secundum intentionum

primorum principum, W ladislai Poloniae regis et W ithawdi magnis ducis

Li thua niae, s ub u no rege et pri ncip e f oret et utr umqu e d omin ium de

caet ero vo caretur Regnu m Polon iae, t itulo D ucatus Magni Lithua niae

extinct o; quodque Lit huaniae, Samog ittiae et Russ iae terrae, qu ae nunc

Duca tui Magn o subsun t, in eadem sor te, cond itione, iure, p rivilegi o et

libertate,qua terraeCracoviensis, Sandomiriensis,Siradiensis, Lublinensis,

9 3

Leop oliens is, Pod oliae et ali i consi steren t» [© Ʉɚɛɫɚɩɪɚʆɞɵ ɉɨɥɶɫɤɚɟ

Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚɡ ȼɹɥ ɿɤɿ ɦ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚɦ Ʌɿ ɬɨʆɫɤɿɦ ɡ ɝɨɞ ɧɚɡ ɧɚɦɟɪɚɦ ɩɟɪ

ɲɵɯɤɧɹɡ ɺʆɍɥ ɚɞɡ ɿɫɥ ɚɜɚɤɚɪɚɥɹ ɉɨ ɥɶɲɱɵɿ ȼɿɬɚʆɬɚ ɜɹɥ ɿɤɚɝɚ ɤɧɹɡɹ

Ʌɿ ɬɨʆɫɤɚɝ ɚ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɚɞɚɞɧɵɦɤɚɪɚɥɺɦɿ ɝɚɫɩɚɞ ɚɪɨ ɦɿ ɤɚɛ ɚɛ ɨɞɜɚʆɥ ɚ

ɞɚɧɧɿ ɧɚɡ ɵɜɚɥɿɫɹɉɨ ɥɶɫɤɿɦɄɚɪ ɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚɦɚ ɬɵɬɭɥȼɹɥɿ ɤɚɝɚɄɧ ɹɫɬɜɚ

Ʌɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɝ ɚ ɛɵʆ ɫɤɚɫɚɜɚɧ ɵɿ ɤɚɛ ɡ ɟɦ ɥɿ Ʌɿɬɜɵ ɀɦɭɞ ɡɿ ɿ Ɋ ɭɫɿɹɤɿ ɹ

ɰɹɩɟɪ ɩɚɞɥ ɹɝɚɸ ɰɶ ȼɹɥ ɿɤɚɦ ɭ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɭɿ ɫɧ ɚɜɚɥ ɿ ʆ ɬɵɦ ɠɚɫɬɚɬɭ ɫɟ

ɫɬɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɟɩɪɵɜɿ ɥɟɿ ɿ ɜɨɥ ɶɧ ɚɫɰɿ  ɹɤɿ ɡɟɦɥ ɿ Ʉɪ ɚɤɚʆɫɤɚɹɋɟɪ ɚɞ ɡ

ɤɚɹɅɸɛɥɿɧ ɫɤɚɹɅɶɜɨʆɫɤɚɹɉɚɞ ɨɥɶɫɤɚɹɞɵɿɧɲ ɵɹª ]. ɉɚɪ A. Lewicki.

3RZVWDQLHĝZLGU\JLHáá\V

147

ɉɚɥɿ ɬɵɤɚ ɞɡɹɪɠ ɚʆɧ ɚɣɫɚɦɚɫɬ ɨɣɧ ɚɫɰɿ Ʌɿ ɬɜɵʆXV ɫɬ., ɚɫɚɛ 

ɥɿɜɚ ɡɚ ɩɚɧ ɚɜɚɧɧɹ Ʉɚɡɿɦ ɿɪɚ əɝɟɥɨɧɱɵɤɚ, ɫɬɚɥɚ ɚɩɨɲɧɿɦ ɱɚɫɚɦ ɭ ɥɿɬɨʆ

ɫɤɚɣ ɝɿ ɫɬɚɪɵɹɝɪ ɚɮɿ ɿ ɩɪ ɚɞɦ ɟɬɚɦ ɩɚɝɥɵɛɥɟɧɚɝɚ ɞɚɫɥɟɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ Ȼ. Ⱦɭɧ 

ɞɭ ɥɿɫɚ: B. Du nd uli s. Li etu vos k ova del val sty bi nio sava ran kis ku mo

;9D9LOQ LXV V 

148

$NWD8QLLʋV±

149

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦ ɚʋ  V ±

150

ɍɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɫɰ ɿɝɷɬɚɚɝɚɜɨɪɜɚʆɜɹɥɿɤɿ  ɩɪɵɜɿɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɲɥɹɯɬ ɵɡ

Ʌɿɬɜɵɿ ɀɦɭɞ ɡɿ ɜɵɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɀɵɝ ɿɦɨɧɬ ɚɦȺ ʆɝɭɫɬɚɦɭ  ɝ ɉɚɪɚʆɧ

ɎɅɟɨ ɧɬɨ ɜɢɱɂɫɬɨ ɱɧɢ ɤɢɪ ɭɫɫɤɨ ɥ ɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɚɝɨ ɩɪ ɚɜɚ Ɉɛ ɳɢɣɨ ɛɡ ɨɪ

ɢɫɬɨɱɧ ɢɤɨɜȾɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɵɁɟɦ ɫɤɢɟɩɪ ɢɜɢɥ ɟɢ ȼɚɪɲɚɜɚ  ɫ 

151

']L Dá., s. 25–35 , ɞɡɟɩɚɦ ɵɥɤɨɜɚɩɚɞ ɚɞɡɟɧɚɞɚɬɚ ²  ɝ

152

Ⱦɚɣɲɥɨɞɚɬɚɝɨɲɬɨʆ ɝɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɹɩɚɧɵɡɛɿɪɚɥɿɫɹɩɪɚɫɿɰɶ

Ʉɚɡ ɿɦɿɪɚəɝɟɥɨɧɱɵɤɚɤɚɛɬɨ ɣɞɚʆɿɦ ɡɚɜɹɥɿɤɚɝ ɚɤɧɹɡɹɚɞ ɧɚɝɨ ɡɫɜɚɿɯ

ɫɵɧɨ ʆ Ƚɥ Ɇ ȾɨɜɧɚɪɁ ɚɩ ɨɥɶɫɤɢɣɉ ɨɥ ɶɫɤɨɥɢɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɣ

ɦɚɯɞɨ  ɝɨɞɚ Ɍɪɭɞ ɵɋɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɣɄɨɦɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ

ɫɤɨɦ ɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦȺɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱ ɟɫɤɨɦɈɛ ɳɟɫɬɜɟ,, ɿɚɞɛ ɿɬɚɤɫ

153

06WU\MNRZVNL.URQLND3ROVND/LWHZVNDĩPXG]NDLZV]\VWNLHM

Rusi… Warszawa, 1846, s. 294.

154

ɆɅɸɛ ɚɜɫɤɢ ɣ Ʌɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɣɦɫ  

155

ȺɁ ɊII ʋ   ɉɚɪ ɆȾɨ ɜɧɚɪɁɚɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɢ ɣ ɉɨ ɥɶɫɤɨ ɥ ɢ

ɬɨ ɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɧɢɹɫ 

156

ɆȾɨɜɧɚɪ Ɂɚɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɉɨ ɥɶɫɤɨ ɥɢ ɬɨ ɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɧ ɢɹɫ 

157

Scriptores Rerum Polonicarum, I, Kraków, 1872, s. 172, 246, 259.

158

ɉ ɚɪ ɚʆɧ 2  + DO HFN L 3U]\ á ąF]HQ LH 3R G ODVL D : Rá \Q L D L

Kijow szczyzny do Pols ki, Krak ów, ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫ ɞɡ ɟɩɚɞɚɸɰ

ɰɚɡ ɜɟɫɬɤɿ ɩɪɚɩ ɚɡ ɿɬɵʆɧɚɟ ɫɬɚʆɥɟɧ ɧɟɞ ɚ ɭɧ ɿɿ ɡ ɹɦɹɧ ɩɪ ɵ ɬɵɦɲɬɨ

ɤɚɪɚɥɸ ɿ ɤɚɪɨ ɧɧɚɦ ɭɫɨɣɦɭ ɞ ɚɜɨ ɞɡ ɿɥ ɚɫɹɡ ɜɹɥ ɿɤɿ ɦɿ ɰɹɠ ɤɚɫɰɹɦɿ ɩ ɟ

ɪ ɚɥ ɨɦ ɜɚɰ ɶ ɫɭ ɩ ɪɚɰɿ ʆ ɤɧɹɡɺʆɿ  ɩ ɚɧ ɨ ʆɪ ɚɫɩɚɥ ɶɜɚɧɵ ɥ ɿ ɬɨ ʆɫɤɿ ɦ ɿ ɩɚ

ɧɚɦɿ Ƚɚɥ ɟɰɤɿɩɪɚɞ ɫɬɚʆɥɹɟɝɷɬɚ ɞɷɬɚɥɺɜɚɫ ±  

159

ɆɄ Ʌɸɛɚɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉɱ ɟɪ ɤɢ  ɢ ɫɬɨ ɪɢɢ ɥɢ ɬɨ ɜɫɤɨɪɭ ɫɫɤɚɝɨ ɝɨ

ɫɭɞ ɚɪɫɬɜɚɞɨ Ʌɸɛɥ ɢɧɫɤɨ ɣɭɧɢ ɢɜɤɥ ɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɆɨɫɤɜɚ ɫ 

160

:. DPL HQ LHFNL  &KR UąĪRZ LH Z SDUODPHQWDU\ ĨPLH OL WHZ VN LP

SU]HGX QLą OXEHOVNą$QWHPXUDOH ,;5]\P V ± ɚɫɚɛ

ɥɿɜɚV 

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ

9 4

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

161

M. St ry j ko ws ki , K ro ni ka ,, V     ɉ ɚɪ ɚʆɧ ɬ ɚɤɫɚɦɚ

Respon sum nomine t otius senat us ac nobili tatis ducat us Lithvanie super

XQLR QH«9LO QD ɧɚɞɪ ɭɤɚɜɚɧɚ ɆȾɨʆɧ ɚɪɁɚɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɿɦ ɭɉɨɥɶɫɤɨ

ɥɢ ɬɨ ɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɧ ɢɹ ɫ 

162

ɇɚɬɭ ɸ ɚɤɚɥɿɱ ɧɚɫɰɶɲɬɨ ʆ ɉ ɨɥ ɶɲɱ ɵɝ ɚɥ ɨʆɧ ɚɣ ɫɿɥ ɚɣɛɵɥɚ

ʆɠɨ ɲɥ ɹɯɬɚɚɧ ɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ ² ɭɫ ɺɹɲɱ ɷɦ ɚɝ ɧ ɚɰɬɜɚ ɚɞ ɤɭ ɥ ɶ ɜɵɧ ɿɤɚɥ ɚ

ɩɪɨ ɰɿ ɥɟɝ ɥɚɫɰ ɶɿ ɧɬɚɪ ɷɫɚʆ ɚɛɟɞɡ ɜɸɯɞ ɡɹɪ ɠɚɜɚʆ ɹɤɧ ɚɚɞɧɭ ɡ ɩ ɪɵ

ɱ ɵɧ ɡ ɜɚɞɚɤ ɩɚɦɿ ɠ ɉ ɨɥ ɶɲɱɚɣ ɿ Ʌɿ ɬ ɜɨ ɸ ʆ ;9ɫɬɩɟɪ ɲɵɦ ɡɜɹɪ ɧɭ ʆ

ɭɜɚɝɭɅɹɥɟɜɟɥɶɉ ɪɚɝɷɬɚ²6 =DNU]HZVNL5\VQ DXNRZHMG]L DáDOQR ĞFL

Jo achi ma L elewela / / Zag ad ni en ia hi st oryczne, I, L wó w    ɿ Ɇ

Ʌɸɛ ɚɜɫɤɢ ɣɅɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨ ɪɭ ɫɫɤɢɣɫɟɣ ɦ ɫ   ɩɚɥ ɹɜɵɦɟɧ ɫɤɿ ɫɨɣ ɦ

 ɝ ɫ ± ɩɚɥɹɜɵɧɚɜɚɝɪɚɞ ɫɤɿ ɫɨɣɦ  ɝɿɩɚɡɧɟɣɲɵɹ

163

Arch. Sang ,9 ʋ V  ɥɿ ɫɬɚɞ, ɝ

164

ȼɂɉɢ ɱɟɬɚ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɢɟɭɧ ɢɢ ɢɨ ɬɧɨ ɲɟɧ ɢɟ ɤɧ ɢɦ

ɥɢ ɬɨ ɜɫɤɨ ɪ ɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɲɥɹɯɬɵ  Ȼɟɥ ɚɪ ɭɫɶ ɢ Ʌɢɬɜɚ ;9±;9,ɜɜ Ɇɨ ɫɤ

ɜɚɫ 

165

$7']LDá \ĔVNL ħU]yGáR SLVPDG RG]LHM yZ XQLL F],,RGG],

3R]QDĔV 

166

ɇ ɚɬɚɬ ɤɚʆɞ ɵɹɪɵɸɲɵɤɚɪ ɨɧɧɚɝɚ ɫɨɣɦɭ    ɝɧ ɚɡ ɜɚɧɚɹ

©ɉ ɪɚ Ʌɿɬɨ ʆɫɤɭɸɭɧɿ ɸª ɤɚɡ ɚɥ ɚ © Ȼɵɥ ɚ ɜɹɥ ɿɤɚɹz mi n ka ɛɨ ɡ ɟɦ ɫɤɿɹ

ɩɚɫɥɵɜɟɞ ɚɥ ɿɲ ɬɨ ɫɚɦ ɚ Ʌɿ ɬɜɚ ɩɪ ɚɫɿɥ ɚ ɚɛ ɺɣ ɤɚɪɚɥɹ ɿ ɡ ɜɨ ɣɫɤɚɚɞ

ȼɿ ɰɟɛɫɤɚɹʆɧ ɚ ɩɚɫɨ ɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɿ ɜɵɩ ɪɚɜɿɥ ɿ ʆ ȼɿ ɥɶɧɸ ɞɚɤɚɪ ɚɥ ɹɤɚɛ

ɡɞ ɡɟɣɫɧɿ ʆɿ ɦ ɭɧ ɿɸ ɡ ɉɨ ɥɶɲɱɚɸ«ɉ ɪɚɫɿɥ ɚ ɚɛ ɝ ɷɬɵɦ ɭɫɹɥ ɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɹ

ɲɥ ɹɯɬ ɚɚɥ ɟɧɟɤɚɥɶɤɿ ɩɚɧɨʆɝɷ ɬɚɦ ɭ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɿɥ ɿɫɹɡ ɹɤɿɯɧɚɣɝɚɥɚʆɧɟɣ

ɲɵɹɛ ɵɥɿ ɩɚɧɆɿɤɚɥɚɣɊɚɞɡɿ ɜɿɥ ²ɜɚɹɜɨɞɚɜɿ ɥɟɧ ɫɤɿ ɤɚɧɰɥ ɟɪɦɚɪ

ɲɚɥɚɤ ɝɟɬɦɚɧ ɿɜɹɥ ɿɤɿɩ ɚɧɜɹɥɿ ɤɿɯɭ ɥɚɞ ɚɧ ɧɹʆɭ ɬɵɦ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɟɡ ɜɹɥ

ɿɤɚɸ ɥɚɫɤɚɸª  ɬɚɦɫɚɦɚɫ  

167

Ɇ Ʌɸɛ ɚɜɫɤɢ ɣ Ʌɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨɪ ɭɫɫɤɢ ɣ ɫɟɣɦ ɫ   ɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɿ

ɩɟɪɚɤɥɚɞ²ɘȻ).

168

ɉɚɪɚʆɧ6.XWU]HED']LHMHXQLL3ROVNL]/LWZąVɿ O.Halecki.

Sejm obozowy szlachty litewskiej pod Witebskiem 1562 r. i jego petycje o

XQLL]3ROVNą3+;9,,,V± ɞɡɟɧɚɣɩɚɞɪɚɛɹɡɧɟɣɩɪɚɞ

ɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵɯɨɞɝɷɬɚɝɚɥɚɝɟɪɧɚɝɚɫɨɣɦɭ ɿɞɚɞɡɟɧɚɚɰɷɧɤɚɹɝɨɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɹɞɥɹ

ɞɚɥ ɟɣɲɚɝ ɚɪɚɡ ɜɿɰɰɹɩɚɞɡ ɟɹʆɉ ɚɪɚʆɧ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɹɝɨɠ Dziej e un ii, II, s.

±ɿȼɂɉɢɱɟɬɚɅɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɢɟɭɧ ɢɢɫ 

169

ɂɅɚɩɩɨȼɟɥɢ ɤɨɟɄɧɹɠ ɟɫɬɜɨ  Ʌɢɬ ɨɜɫɤɨ ɟɜɨ ɜɬɨ ɪɨ ɣɩɨɥ ɨ

ɜɢɧɟ;9, ɫɬɨɥ ɟɬɢɹ,Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɪ ɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɟɬ ɢɟɝɨ ɫɟɣɦɢɤ ɘɪ ɶ

ɟɜɚɫɚɛ ɥɿɜɚɫ25– 60.

170

ɂ Ʌɚɩɩɨ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɢɣɋɬɚɬɭɬ  ɝɨɞɚI, ɱ  Ʉɨɜɧɨ  

ɫ ±   Ƚɷɬɵ ɚʆɬɚɪ ɬ ɚɤ ɚɰɷɧɶɜɚɟʆɜɨɞ ɩɪɚɞ ɩɿ ɫɚɧɧɹɚɛ ɫɜɚɛ ɨɞ ɡɟ

ɚɞɱɭɠɷɧɧɹɦɚɺɧɬɤɚʆ©ɗɬɨɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥ ɟɧɢɟȻɟɪɟɫɬɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɫɟɣɦ ɚ

ɝ«ɛɵɥɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜɲɥɹɯɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɅɢɬɜ ɟɫɪɟɞ

ɧɢɯɞ ɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬ ɢɣXVI ɫɬɨɥɟɬɶɹªɫ 

171

K. Ch odynicki. Geneza rownouprawn ienia sch izmatyków w W.

K s. L it ew sk im. St os un ek Zyg mu nt a Au gu st a do w yznani a grecko -

9 5

wschodniego // PH, XXII (191 9–19 20), s. 54 –135 , ɞɡɟɬɚɤɫɚɦɚɡɜɨ ɞɤɚ

ɩɪ ɚɜɚɫɥ ɚʆɧɵɯɧɚɩ ɚɫɚɞɚɯ ȼɹɥ ɿɤɚɝɚɄɧɹɫɬɜɚɩɪɵɀɵɝɿ ɦɨɧ ɰɟȺʆɝɭ ɫ

ɰɟɫɉɚɞɨɛɧɚɩɿɲɚɅɚɩɿɧɫɤɿ$àDSLĔVNL=\JPXQW6WDU\D NRĞFLyá

SUDZRVá DZQ\:DUV]DZ D  5R]SUDZ \+L VW. TNW, XIX, z. 1: ɬɚɦ

ɫɩɿɫ ɩɪ ɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɯɫɚɧ ɨʆɧ ɿɤɚʆ ɲɬɨɡ ɚɣɦ ɚɥɿ ɩɪɵ ɀɵɝ ɿɦɨ ɧɰɟȺ ʆɝɭ ɫ

ɰɟɩ ɚɫɚɞɵ ɹɤɿ ɹ ɞɚɜɚɥ ɿɞ ɨɫɬɭ ɩɞ ɚ ɜɭɡ ɟɣɲɚɟɝ ɚɫɩɚɞ ɚɪ ɫɤɚɟ ɪɚɞɵ ɿ ɧɚ

ɹɤɿɹ ɮɚɪ ɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵɛ ɵɥɿ ɞɚɩɭɫɤɚɰɰ ɚɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɿ ɤɿɫ  

172

W . Czermak. Spraw a ro wn ou pr aw ni en ia s ch izmaty kó w i

katolik ów na Litwie (1432–1563) // RAU, XLIV (190 3), s. 400, ɛɚɱɵʆɭ

ɚɛ ɦɟɠɚɜɚɧɧɿ ɩɪ ɚɜɨʆɩɪ ɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧ ɵɯɫɪɨ ɞɚɤ ɩɚɥ ɿɬ ɵɱ ɧɚɟ ɛɚ ɪɚɰɶɛɵʆ

ɪɭ ɤɚɯɥɿɬ ɨʆɫɤɿɯɩɚɧɨʆ © Ʉɨɥɶɤɿ ɪɚɡɨ ʆɯɚɰɟɥɿ ɩɚɤɥ ɚɫɰɿɤɪɷɫɤɚɪ ɚɥɟʆ

ɫɤɚɣ ɥ ɚɫɤɚɜɚɫɰ ɿ ɞɚɫɯɿ ɡɦ ɚɬ ɵɱ ɧɵɯɤɚɧ ɞɵɞɚɬɚʆ ɧɚɜɵɲɷɣ ɲɵɹ ɿ ɡɟɦ

ɫɤɿɹɩɚɫɚɞɵª ɉɚɞɨɛ ɧɚ2 +DOHFNL' ]LHMHXQLL NRĞFL HOQHM 3 DPLĊW QLN

VI Powszechnego Zjazdu w Wilnie, I, s. 318, ɫɰɜɹɪɞɠ ɚʆɲɬɨ© ɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ

ɧɚɩɪ ɵɤɥɚɞ ɧɚɜɚɬɤɚɧɮɥɿɤɬɵɹɤɿɹ ɦɟɥɿɡɧɟɲɧɿɜɵɝɥɹɞɡɦɚɝɚɧɧɹɩɚɦɿɠ

ɤɚɬ ɚɥɿɤɚɦɿɿ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɦɿɛ ɵɥɿ ɩɚɫɭ ɬɧɚɫɰɿɚɫɚɛɿɫɬɵɦɿɿ ɪɨɞɚɜɵɦɿ

ɫɩɚɛɨ ɪɧɿɰ ɬɜɚɦɿɹɤɫɩɪ ɷɱɤɚȽɚɲɬɚʆɬɚɡ Ⱥɫɬɪɨɠɫɤɿɦª 

W. K amienieck i. O grani czen ia wy zn an iow e w prawo daws tw ie

li tew ski m XV– XVI Z 3+;,,,   V ±   ɦɟɪɤɚɜɚʆɲɬɨ

ɚɛ ɦɟɠɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɩɪ ɚɜɨʆɜɵɡ ɧɚʆɰ ɨʆɭ ɫɯɨɞ ɧɹɟ ɰɚɪɤɜɵ ɹɤɨɟɡ ɦɹɲɱ ɚɥ ɚ

ɫɹɚɫɚɛ ɥɿɜɚ ʆȽɚɪ ɚɞɡ ɟɥ ɶɫɤɿɦ ɩɪ ɵɜɿ ɥɟɿ ɬɵɱ ɵɥ ɚɫɹɜɵɤɥ ɸɱ ɧɚ Ʌɿɬ ɜɵʆ

ɜɭ ɡɟɣɲɵɦ ɫɷɧɫɟ ɚɧɟɪɭ ɫɤɿɯɚɛ ɲɚɪɚʆ Ⱥɛɭɞ ɠɷɧ ɧɟɤɚɧɮ ɥɿɤɬɭʆɞɜɚɰ

ɰɚɬɵɹ ɝɚɞɵ;9,ɫɬɺɧ ɡɜɹɡ ɜɚʆ ɡɦ ɟɧ ɚɜɚɧɧɟɦ ɤɧ  Ʉɚɧɫɬɚɧɰɿɧ ɚ Ⱥɫɬ

ɪɨɠ ɫɤɚɝ ɚʆ  ɝɧ ɚɬɪ ɨɰɤɚɝɚɜɚɹɜɨɞ ɭɿ ɩɪɵɡ ɧɚɱɷɧ ɧɟɦ ɹɦɭ ɦɟɫɰɚʆ

ɪɚɞ ɡɟɜɵɲɷɣ ɡɚ ɜɚɹɜɨɞɭ ɜɿɥɟɧɫɤɚɝɚɫ  Ƚɷɬɚɹɩɚɡɿɰɵɹɡɝ ɚɞɠɚɟɰ

ɰɚɲɬɨ  ɞ ɚ ɮɚɤɬɚʆ ɡ ɚɰ ɷɧɤɚɸ ɤɪ ɵɬɵɤɚɜɚɧ ɚɝ ɚ Ʉɚɦɹɧɟɰɤɿɦ  Ɇ Ʌɸ 

ɛɚʆɫɤɚɝɚ ɹɤɿ ɬɚɤɫɚɦ ɚ ɩɚɞɤɪɷ ɫɥ ɿɜɚʆ ɡ ɚɜɚɫɬɪ ɷɧ ɧɟɬɷɧ ɞɷ ɧɰ ɵɹʆ ɞɵɫɤ

ɪɵɦɿɧɚɰɵɿɩ ɪɚɜɚɫɥɚ ʆɧɵɯɩɚɧɨ ʆɡ ɫɹɪɷɞ ɡɿɧɵɩ ɟɪɲ ɚɣɩ ɚɥɨ ɜɵ ;9,ɫɬ

ɤɚɥɿ ʆɫɩ ɚɦɿ ɧɚɥ ɿɫɹ ɚɛɦ ɟɠɚɜɚɧɧɿɡɚɛɵɬɵɹ ʆɠɨ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɩɪɵɜɿɥ ɟɹʆ 

ɿ  ɝ ɝ ɍɚɞɪɨ ɡɧɟɧɧɟɚɞɧɚɤɚɞɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɤɪɵɬɵɤɚ Ʌɸɛ ɚʆɫɤɿ ɚɠɵʆ

ɥɟɧɧ ɟɝ ɷɬɵɯ ɬɷɧɞɷɧ ɰɵɹʆ ɩɪ ɵɩɿ ɫɜɚʆ ɤɚɬɚɥɿ ɰɤɚɦɭ ɤɚɫɰ ɺɥɭ ɹɤɿ ɬɨ ɥɶɤɿ

ɧɚ ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ;9, ɫɬ ɩɪ ɵɣɲɨ ʆ ɞɚɩ ɟɪ ɚɤɚɧ ɚɧɧɹ ɲɬ ɨ Ɏɥ ɚɪ ɷɧ ɰɿ ɣɫɤɚɹ

ɭɧ ɿɹ  ɝ ɩɚɰɹɪɩɟɥɚɤɚɧɱ ɚɬɤɨ ɜɚɟɮɿɹɫɤɚɄ ɜɨɩɪ ɨɫɭ ɨɛ ɨɝɪ ɚɧɢɱ ɟ

ɧɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɥɢ ɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɯɩ ɪɚɜ ɩɪ ɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɧɹɡɟɣ ɩ ɚɧɨɜɢ  ɲɥɹɯɬɵ ɜ

ȼɟɥɢɤɨ ɦ Ʉɧɹɠ ɟɫɬɜɟ Ʌɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨ ɦ ɞɨ Ʌɸɛ ɥɢ ɧɫɤɨ ɣ ɍɧɢɢ  ɋɛ ɨɪ ɧɢ ɤ

ɫɬɚɬɟɣɩɨ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ȼ ɈɄɥ ɸɱɟɜɫɤɨɦ ɭ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ  ɫ±  

173

ɉɚɞɪɚɛ ɹɡɧɚɩɪɚɝ ɷɬɚS. K ot. La Reforme dans le Grand-D uche

de L ith uanie, Facteur d’ occi den tali sat io n cul turel le // An nu aire de

l’ Institut de Philologie et d’ Histoire Orientales et Slaves;,, ɪ

  ɉɚɪɚʆɧ  ɬɚɤɫɚɦ ɚ G . Schramm. D er p ol ni sche A del un d di e

Reformation 1548– 1607, Wies baden ɪ ±ɞɡ ɟɿɞɡɟɰɰɚɩɪɚ

ɪɷɮɚɪɦ ɚɰɵɸ ɧ ɚ Ʌɿ ɬɜɟ ɿ Ɋɭ ɫɿ  ɿ Z. Iv in sk is , Di e En tw ickl un g der

Refo rmat io n in L it au en b is zum E rs ch ei nen der Jesu it en (15 69 )

// Foschun gen zur os teu ro päi schen G eschicht e, XII, Berli n    ɪ

  ɦɚɩɚ

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ

9 6

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

174

S. K ot. op. cit.

175

ɉɚɪɚʆɧ ɡɚʆɜ  

176

ɉɚɪɚʆɧ  K . Ch od yn icki . Geneza row no up rawn ie ni a

schi zmatykó w, ɫ 

177

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚ, ɫ. 1 22.

178

Ʉɚɧɮɟɫɿ ɣɧ ɵɹ ɚɛɦ ɟɠ ɚɧ ɧɿ ɦɟɥɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿ ɤɿ ɦ Ʉɧ ɹɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɪɚɡɧɚ

ɧɚɰɵɹɧ ɚɥ ɶɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬ ɚɪ , ɲɬ ɨ ɜɵɧɿ ɤɚɟ ɡ ɱɚɪɝ ɚɜɚɧ ɧɹ ɬɷ ɪɦ ɿɧ ɚʆ « ɜɟɪ ɵ

ɝɪɷɱɚɫɤɚɣ» ɿ « ɧɚɪɨɞ ɭ ɪɭ ɫɤɚɝ ɚ» . Ɍɚɦ ɭ ɬɪ ɷɛ ɚ ɩɚɝɚɞɡ ɿɰɰ ɚ ɡ ɩɨ ɝɥ ɹɞ ɚɦ

əəɤɭɛɨ ʆɫɤɚɝɚɹɤɿʆ© 6WX GLDFKQDGVW RVXQ NDPL QDURGRZ RĞFL RZ\PL» ,

s. 81, ɰɜɟɪɞɡɿʆɲɬɨɧɚɩɹɪɷɞɚɞɧɿɭɧɿɿ© ɷɬɧɿɱɧɚɹɪɨɡɧɿɰɚɩɚɦɿɠɥɿɬɜɿɧɚɦɿ

ɿɪ ɭɫɿɧ ɚɦɿ ʆɠɨɫɰɟɪɥ ɚɫɹ ɫɹɪɨɞ ɲɥɹɯɬɵ ɰɚɥɤɚɦɡ ɚɫɬɚɥɚɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɿɤɚɧ

ɮɟɫɿɣ ɧɚɹ ɪɨ ɡɧɿɰ ɚª  Ƚɷɬɚɹ ɬɷɡɚ ɞɚ ɹɤɨ ɣ ɞɚɥɭ ɱɵʆɫɹ ɦ ɿɠ  ɿ ɧɲ ɵɦ

.&KRG\ QLFNL *HQ H]DURZQRXS UDZQL HQLD VFKL]PDW\N yZ, ɫ ɧɚɫɭ

ɩɟɪɚɤ ɬɚɦɭɲɬɨ ɤɚɠɭ ɰɶɰ ɵɬɚɜɚɧɵɹ ɿɦ ɤɪ ɵɧ ɿɰɵ ɧɚɧ ɚɲɭ ɸ ɞɭ ɦɤɭ

ɧɟɜɵɬɪɵɦɥ ɿɜɚɟɤɪɵɬɵɤɿ 

179

Ƚɷɬɚɞɨ ɛɪɚ ɪɚɡɭ ɦɟʆ Ʉ ɏɚɞɵɧɿɰɤɿ ɹɤɿɫɬɚɧɨ ʆɱɚ ɚɰɷɧ ɶɜɚɸ ɱɵ

ɩɚɥɿ ɬɵɤɭ  ɚɩɟɤɿ ɀɵɝ ɿɦ ɨɧɬɚ Ⱥ ʆɝ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɞ  ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥ ɚʆɧɚɣ ɰɚɪɤɜɨ ɸ ʆ

ȼɹɥɿɤɿ ɦɄɧ ɹɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɵɬɵɱɧɚɩɚɫɬɚɜɿʆɫɹɞɚɜɵɧɿɤɚʆɭɧɿɿ  ɝɩɿɲ ɭ

ɱɵ© Ȼɟɪ ɚɫɰ ɟɣɫɤɚɹɭɧ ɿɹ«ɧɟɩɪ ɵɧɟɫɥ ɚɫɬɚɧ ɨʆɱ ɚɝɚɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɚɯɭɬɱ ɷɣ

ɡ ɚɜɨɫɬɪ ɵɥ ɚ ɩɚɞɡ ɟɥ  ɩ ɚɦ ɿɠ  ɚɞɧ ɵɦ  ɿ  ɞ ɪɭ ɝɿ ɦ ɜɵɡɧ ɚɧ ɧɟɦª  G en eza

ro wn oup raw ni eni a sch izmat ykó w, ɫ Ȼɨɥ ɶɲ ɫɬ ɪɵɦ ɚɧɵ ɚɥɟɝ ɷ

ɬɚɤɫ ɚɦɚɤɪɵɬɵɱ ɧɵɡ ɩɭ ɧɤɬɭ ɝɥ ɟɞɠ ɚɧɧɹɿɧ ɬɚɪɷɫɚʆɞ ɡɹɪ ɠɚɜɵ ɯɚɪɚɤ

ɬɚɪ ɦɚɟ ɹɝɨ ɚɰ ɷɧ ɤɚ ɡɦ ɟɲ ɱɚɧɚɹ ʆ ɜɹɥɿ ɤɚɣ ɦɚɧɚɝɪ ɚɮ ɿɿ  © .R ĞFLy á

SUDZR VáDZQ\L5]HF]SRVSR OLWD3ROV ND± ª :DUV ]DZD, 1 934, s.

  ɿɩ ɚɩɹɪɷɞ ɠɚɧ ɚɹ ɤɚɪ ɨɬɤɚɣ ɡɜɨ ɞɤɚɣɩ ɨɝɥ ɹɞɚʆɧ ɚɝ ɷɬɚɟɩ ɵɬɚɧɧɟʆ

ɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɚɣ ɥɿ ɬɚɪɚɬɭɪ ɵ ɫ  ɧȺ ɩɨ ɲɧ ɹɹ ɩɪ ɚɰɚ ɚɩɚɥ ɚɝ ɟɬɵɱɧɚɹʆ

ɞɚɱɵɧɟɧɧɿ ɞɚ Ȼɟɪ ɚɫɰɟɣɫɤɚɟɭɧ ɿɿ ²ɤɧɿɝɚɈȽɚɥɟɰɤɚɝɚ O. H aleck i.

From Flo ren ce to Brest 14 39– 159 6, Rome  ɪ  ɞɚɞ ɞɚɬX

«Sacrum Poloniae Millenium»).

180

ɉɚɪ ɚʆɧ ȼɉ ɢɱɟɬɚɉɨɥ ɶɫɤɨ ɥɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɢɟɭɧɢ ɢ ɫɧɚ ɱɵɸ

ɞɭ ɦɤɭɩɪɵɜɿɥɟɣ  ɝɡ ɪɚɛɿ ʆɡ ɪɭɫɤɚɟ ɲɥɹɯɬɵ© ɝɚɪ ɚɱɚɝ ɚɩɪ ɵɯɿɥ ɶ

ɧɿ ɤɚɭ ɧɿɿ ɬ ɚɤɨɣɞɚɛɪɚɬ ɜɨɪ ɧɚɣ ɞɥɹɲɥ ɹɯɬɵª 

181

Ƚɷɬɭɸ ɩɚɡɿ ɰɵɸ ɧɚɨ ɝɭɥ ɡɝɨ ɞɧɚ ɩɪɵɦɚɟ ɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɚɹɿ ɪɚɫɿɣɫɤɚɹ

ɥɿ ɬɚɪ ɚɬɭ ɪɚɋɿ ɧɬɷɬɵɱ ɧɵ ɜɵɤɥɚɞɹɟɞ ɚʆ Ɂɚɤɲɷʆɫɤɿ  S. Zakrzewsk i. Ze

stu diów nad dzi ejami un ii, s. 2 15: © ɋɭɩɪɚɰɿʆ ɥɿɬɨ ʆɫɤɿ ɯɦɚɝɧɚɬɚʆɦ ɟʆ

ɪ ɨɡ ɧɵɹ ɩɪ ɵɱ ɵɧ ɵ ²ɩɿɫɚʆ ɺɧ² ɐ ɷɧɬɪ ɰ ɹɠ ɚɪ ɭ ɥɹɠɚʆɚɞɧ ɚɤ ɭ

ɛɨ ɹɡ ɿ ɫɬɪɚɰ ɿɰɶ ɝɪ ɚɦɚɞɫɤɚɟ ɫɬɚɧɨ ɜɿ ɲɱɚɧ ɚ ɤɚɪɵɫɰɶɲɥɹɯɬɵ ɚ ɹɲɱɷ

ɛɨ ɥɟɣ ɛɪɚʆɿɯ ɫɬɪ ɚɯɩ ɟɪɚɞ ɚɞɞ ɚɧɧɟɦɤɚɪɚɥ ɟʆɲɱ ɵɧɚʆɹɤɿɹ ɛɵɥɿ ɰɿ ɬɨ

ʆɧ ɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦɭɥ ɚɞɚɧɧɿɰɿɬɨ ɩɚɞ ɡɚɤɥ ɚɞɚɦ ɿɿ ɝɞ ª 

182

ɗɫɬɨɧɫɤɿ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɗɌɚɪɜɷɥɶ ɭ ɚɩɭɛɥ ɿɤɚɜɚɧɵɦ ɧɹɞɚʆɧɚɞ ɨɫ

ɥɟɞɡɟ«6WRVXQHNSU DZQRSDĔVWZRZ\,QIODQ WGR5]HF]\SRVSROLWHMRUD]LFK

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ɉɨ ɥɶɲɱ ɵɿ ɜɹɥ ɿɤɚɦɭ ɤɧɹɡɸ Ʌɿ ɬɨ ʆɫɤɚɦ ɭɉɚɜɨ ɞɥ ɟɫɤɥ ɚɞ ɡɟɧɵɯɡ ɞ ɚ

9 7

ɬɚɸ XI.15 61 Pa ctu m Sub iecti oni sɥ ɿɬɨ ʆɫɤɿɯ ɫɬ ɚɧɚʆɿ Pr ivilegi um

Sig ismun di Au gust iɚɪ ɬXI), ɤɚ ɪɨɥɶɩɚɜɿɧɟɧɛɵʆɫɬɚɪɚɰɰ ɚɞɚɥɭɱɵɰɶ

ȱɧɮɥ ɹɧɬɵ ɞɚɄɚɪɨ ɧɵɉ ɨɥ ɶɫɤɚɝ ɚ Ʉɚɪ ɚɥ ɟʆɫɬɜɚɄɚɥɿ ɛ ɩ ɨɥ ɶɫɤɿ ɫɨ ɣɦ

ɧɟ ɜɵɤɚɡɚʆ ɧɚɝɷɬɚ ɡɝɨɞ ɵɹɧɵɦ ɟɥɿɫɹ«ex tun c, p rout ex nunc Mag no

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Ʉɚɪɨɧɚɸȱɧ ɮɥɹɧɬɵɞ ɚɥɭ ɱɚɰɰ ɚɞɚɹɟ ɪɚɡɚɦɡ Ʌɿɬɜɨɸɇɚ ɥɸɛɥ ɿɧɫɤɿɦ

ɫɨɣ ɦɟɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɿ ɛɨɤɩɚɠɚɞɚʆɤɚɛɿɧɮɥ ɹɧɰɤɚɹɞɷɥ ɟɝɚɰɵɹɩɪɵɧɹɥɚɭ ɧɿɸ

ɛɟɡ ɩɚɫɹɪɷɞɧ ɿɰ ɬɜɚ Ʌɿ ɬɜɵɿ  ɝ ɷɬɚɟɩɚɬɪɚ ɛɚɜɚɧɧ ɟ ² ɧɹɝɥ ɟɞ ɡɹɱɵ ɧ ɚ

ɫɭ ɩɪɚɰɿʆ²ɪɷɚɥɿɡ ɚɜɚɥ ɚ Ɍɨɥɶɤɿɡ ɝɷɬɚɝɚɱɚɫɭɥ ɶɝɚ ɤɚɡɚɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɤɚɧɞ ɚ

ɦɿ ɧɿɸ ɦɉ ɨɥɶɲɱɵɿɅɿɬɜɵʆȱɧ ɮɥɹɧɬɚɯ

183

Ⱥɫɚɛ ɥɿ ɜɚɆ ɅɸɛɚɜɫɤɢɣɅɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɪɭ ɫɫɤɢ ɣ ɫɟɣɦ ɫ  ±

 ɿ ɆȾɨɜɧɚɪɁɚɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɢɣ ɉɨ ɥɶɫɤɨ ɥ ɢɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɧ ɢɹɧɚ ɫɟɣɦ ɚɯ

ɞɨ  ɝ ɨɞɚɫ±  ɇɚ ɿɯɝ ɪɭɧ ɬɚɜɚʆɫɹS. Ku trzeba. Un ia Pol ski z

/L WZąs. 56 9–6 20; ɺɧɛɚɝɚɬɚɫɤɚɪ ɵɫɬɚʆ ɡɿ ɯɚɥ ɟɿ ʆɡ ɛɚɝ ɚɰɿ ʆɧ ɨɜɵɦɿ

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186

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ɬɚɉ ɨɥɶɫɤɨɥɢɬɨɜɫɤɢɟɭɧ ɢɢɫ ɩɿɲɭ ɱɵ © ɇ ɟɫɭ ɦɧɟɧɧɚɤɚɥɿ ɧɚ

ɩɚɞɫɬɚɜɟɅɸɛ ɥɿ ɧɫɤɚɣ ɭɧ ɿɿ Ʌɿɬɜɚɱ ɚɫɬɤɨɜɚ ɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɥ ɚɫɹ ʆɧ ɭɬɪɚɧɚɣ

ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚɫɰɸɬɨ ɝɷ ɬɚɛ ɵɥɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɚɸ ɦɚɝ ɧɚɰ ɬɜɚª 

187

S. Zakrzew ski . U nia lu belsk a / / Zagadn ien ia his toryczne, II,

s. 214.

188

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6.XW U]HE \,,. UDNy Z, 193 8, s . 3 57, ɩɚɞɤɪ ɷɫɥɿ ɜɚʆɲɬɨ ɹɤɪ ɚɡɥ ɿɬɨ ʆ

ɫɤɿɹɦ ɚɝɧ ɚɬɵ ɛɵɥ ɿɧɟɩɪɵɯɿɥɶɧɵɹɞɚ ɭɧɿ ɿ© ɚɩɵɧɭʆɲɵɫɹʆɫɜɚɺɣɭɫɹ

ʆɥɚɞ ɧɚɫɰɿɩɚɞɩɚɝɪɨ ɡɚɣɭɧɿ ɿɩɟɪɚɞɭɫɿɦɩ ɪɚɡɲɥɹɯɟɰɤɭɸɫɬɵɯɿɸ ɹɤɨɣ

ɭɫɦɿɯɚɥɿɫɹɜɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɿ ɿɩɪ ɵɜɿ ɥɟɿ ɤɚɪɨɧɧɚɟ ɲɥɹɯɬɵª 

189

ɐɵɬɭɟɰɰɚ ɩɚɜɨ ɞɥ ɟ ɋ. Ɂɚɤɲɷʆɫɤɚɝ ɚ, lo c. ci t.

190

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i Kijowszczyzny, s. 174.

191

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ɬɷɤɫɬ ɰɵɬɚɜɚɧɚɝ ɚ ɥɿɫɬɚ Ⱥ. ȼɨ ɥɹɧɚ.

192

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O. H alecki. Dzieje unii, II, s. 340.

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9 8

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

195

S. K utrzeb a. L’ uni on et l’ in corpo rat ion d ans l’ hi sto ire d es

in st itu ti ons p ol it iqu es d e l’E urop e // IV Con gres In tern ati on al d es

Sci ences Historiques, ResumeVG HFRPPXQL FDWLR QV2 VOR  ɪ 0 .

Ʉɚɠɭ ɱɵɩɪ ɚ ɡɛ ɥɿɠ ɷɧ ɧɟɉɨ ɥɶɲɱ ɵɿ Ʌɿɬɜɵɲɥ ɹɯɚɦ ɩɚɫɬɭɩ ɨɜɚɣ ɚɫɿ

ɦɿɥ ɹɰɵɿ ɩɚɜɨ ɞɥɟ ɞɡɹɪɠ ɚʆɧɚɝɚɥɚɞɭɚʆɬɚɪ ɡɚʆɜɚɠɚɟ«O n ch erchera it

en va in d an s l’au tr es p ays cett e fo rm e d’in co rp or at io n (p ar l e

rappro chement successif), qu i comporta it l’attrib ution des p rivileges…

Les resu lta ts eta ien t identi ques en ce qui concern e l’u nif ica ti on du

ter ritori e a ceux dont po uvai ent se vant er l es mona rchi es abso lues ».

ȼɚɪɬɚɫɰɶɝ ɷɬɚɝ ɚ ɦɟɬɚɞɭ ²ɧ ɚ ɞɭ ɦɤɭ Ʉɭ ɬɲɷɛ ɵ ² ɩɚɥɹɝɚɥɚʆɬ ɵɦ

ɲɬɨ ɹɧɚɧɟ ɜɵɤɥɿ ɤɚɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɧ ɚɝ ɚ ɫɭɩ ɪɚɰɿ ɜɭ ɷɬɧɿɱ ɧɚɪ ɨɡɧ ɚɝ ɚɧ ɚɫɟɥ ɶ

ɧɿɰɬɜɚɹɤɨ ɟ«s e conf orm ait sa ns repu gna nce a d es ins tit uti ons pl us

liberales et s ’assim ilait aisement a la classe sociale, dont elle pou vait

partager les privileges».

196

ɆɅɸ ɛɚɜɫɤɢɣɅɢɬɨɜɫɤɨ ɪɭ ɫɫɤɢɣɫɟɣɦ  ɫ  ± 

ȼɚɪ ɬɚɡ ɚɡɧɚɱɵɰɶɲɬɨɩɚɡɧɟɣɝɷɬɵɚʆɬɚɪ ɡɦɹɧɿʆɞ ɭɦɤɭ ɿɩ ɚɱɚʆɧɚɡ ɵ

ɜɚɰɶɅɸɛɥ ɿɧ ɫɤɭɸ ɭɧɿɸ « wcieleni em » (ɞɚɫɥ ɨʆɧɚɅɿɬɜɵʆɄɚɪ ɨɧ ɭ

Ɉ ɱɟɪɤɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɥɢ ɬɨɜɫɤɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ  ɫ 

197

ȼɉɢɱ ɟɬɚɉɨ ɥɶɲɚɧɚɩɭ ɬɹɯ ɤɨɥɨ ɧɢɡ ɚɰɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧ ɵɢ Ȼɟɥ ɨ

ɪɭ ɫɫɢɢɅɸɛ ɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɭɧ ɢɹ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɢɱ ɟɫɤɢɟɩ ɨɫɥ ɟɞ ɫɬɜɢɹ Ȼɟɥ ɨ

ɪɭ ɫɶɢ Ʌɢɬɜɚɫ 

198

ɂɅɚɩ ɩɨ  ȼɟɥɢ ɤɨ ɟ Ʉɧɹɠ ɟɫɬɜɨ Ʌɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨ ɟ ɡɚɜɪɟɦɹɨ ɬ ɡɚ

ɤɥ ɸɱɟɧɢɹɅɸ ɛɥɢ ɧɫɤɨɣ ɭɧɢɢɞɨ ɫɦ ɟɪɬ ɢɋɬɟɮ ɚɧɚȻɚɬɨɪ ɢɹI, ɘɪ ɶɟɜ

ɫ±

199

ȼɵɤɚɡ ɚɧɵɹɩɨ ɝɥɹɞɵɺɧɩ ɚɞɫɭɦɚɜɚʆ ɭɩ ɪɚɰɵɅɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɨ ɪɭ ɫ

ɫɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɊɟɱɢɉ ɨɫɩɨ ɥɢɬɨɣ 3UDKD V± 

200

6(K UHQ NUHX W]6HSDUDW\ ]P F]\ FLąĪHQ LH /LW Z\ GR3 ROV NL SR

XQLL OXEHOVNL HM"3 DPLĊWQLN ,93RZV]=MD]GX +LVWRU\N yZ3ROVN LFKZ

Poznaniu 1925 , sekcja IV, s. 1–3.

201

A. Šapoka. Lietuva ir Lenkija po 1569 metu unijos, ju valstybiniu

santyk liu bruo žai , Kaunas , 1 938, s. XX+394 (ɪɷɡɸɦɟɩɚɧ ɹɦɟɰɤɭ 

202

O. H alecki. Dzieje U nii, II, s. 33 6; ɺɧɠ ɚ,GHD-DJL HOORĔV ND, s.

23. ȼɚɪɬ ɚɞ ɚɞ ɚɰɶɬɭ ɬɲɬɨ ɹɲɱ ɷ ʆ  ɝɭ ɝ ɚɛɿ ɥɿ ɬɚɰɵɣɧ ɚɣɥɟɤɰɵɿ

« Un ia lu bel sk aª  Ƚɚɥɟɰɤɿ ɧɟ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɹʆ ɮɟɞ ɷɪ ɚɥ ɿɫɬ ɵɱ ɧɚɟɤɚɧ ɰɷ ɩ

ɰɵɿɚ ɮɚɪ ɦɭ ɥɹɜɚʆ ɬɷɡɭɲɬɨ ɩɚɫɥɹ  ɝɩɚʆɫɬɚɥ ɚɫɭɩɨɥɶɧɚɹɊ ɷɱ

ɉɚɫɩɚɥ ɿɬɚɹ ɭ ɹɤɨɣ Ʌɿɬɜɟɛ ɵɥ ɿ ɩɚɤɿ ɧɭ ɬɵɹ ɬɨ ɥɶɤɿ  ɚɫɨ ɛɧɵɹɩɚɫɚɞ ɵ

(Kraków, 1916, s. 31).

203

O. Halecki. Dzieje Unii, II, s. 341. ɉɚɪɚʆɧɹɝɨɠUnia lubelska,

s. 29– 31, ɞɡɟɱ ɵɬɚɟɦ© Ⱥɯɿɥɟɫɚɜɚɣ ɩɹɬɨɸɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɚɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɟɭɧɿɿ ɛɵɥɨ

ɬɨ ɟɲɬɨɹɧɚɛ ɵɥɚɫɚɸ ɡɚɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɿɞ ɡɜɸ ɯɞɡ ɹɪɠɚɜɚʆ ɿɬɪɨɯ ɧɚɪɨ ɞɚʆɡ

ɹɤɿ ɯɪɭɫɤɿɛɵʆɩɚɞɡɟɥɟɧɵɩɚɦɿɠɞ ɡɜɸɦɚɝɷɬɵɦɿɞɡ ɹɪɠɚɜɚɦɿª Ƚɚɥ ɨʆ

ɧɭ ɸɜɿɧɭ ɡ ɚɝɷɬɚɚɞɧɚɤɚʆɬɚɪ ɭɫɤɥɚɞɚʆɧ ɚɫɚɦɿ ɯɪ ɭɫɿɧɚʆ

204

S. Zakrzew ski . Zag adn ien ia hi sto ry czn e ,V  ɞɡ ɟɩɚɥ ɟ

ɦ ɿɤɚɡ  Ȼɚɛɠ ɵɧɫɤɿɦ ɹɤɿ ɤɪɵɬɵɤɚɜɚʆ Ʌɸɛ ɥ ɿɧɫɤɭ ɸɭ ɧ ɿɸ  ɩ ɿɲɭ ɱɵ

9 9

ɧɚɡ ɚʆɫɺɞ ɵɡ ɜɹɡ ɜɚʆ ɫɿɥ ɵɊ ɷɱ ɵɉ ɚɫɩɚɥ ɿ ɬɚɣ ɿ ɫɬɜɚɪɚʆɡ ɚɪ ɨ ɞɚɤɜɟɱ 

ɧɚɣɚɧɚɪ ɯɿɿ ɿ ɧɟɥ ɚɞɚʆª  0%REU]\ ĔVN L']LHMH 3R OV NL Z ]DU\V LH,,

wyd . 4, s. 7 9).

205

O. Balzer. Tradycja dziejo wa unii polsko -litewsk iej, s. 16.

206

L. Kolan kowsk i. Po lska Jagi ellon ów, s . 5; ɩɚɪ ɚʆɧɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɫ

ɜɵɧɿɤɭɧ ɟɚɛ ɯɨɞ ɧɚɝɚ ɤɚɦɩɪɚɦɿɫɭɡ ɥɿ ɬɨʆɫɤɿ ɦ ɦɚɝɧɚɰɬɜɚɦ

207

ɉɚɪ ɚʆɧ6.RĞ FLDáNR ZVNL 5]HF]\SR VSR OLW D RE RMJ DQ DURG yZ

ɫɨ ɣɦɟ ɚɛɟɞɡ ɜɟ>ɞ ɡɹɪɠ ɚɜɵ@«ɉ ɨɥɶɲɱ ɚɿ Ʌɿɬ ɜɚɹɤ ɚɪɝ ɚɧɿɡ ɦɵɞ ɚɝ ɷ

ɬɭ ɥɶɰɚɥ ɤɚɦ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧ ɵɹɿ ɫɚɦ ɚɫɬɨ ɣɧ ɵɹ« ɩɟɪɚɫɬɚɸ ɰɶɿ ɫɧɚɜɚɰ ɶɚ

ɡɚɦɟɫɬ ɿ ɯ« ɭɡ ɧɿ ɤɚɟ ɧɨɜɚɟɸ ɪɵɞɵɱ ɧɚɞ ɡɹɪɠ ɚʆɧ ɚɟʆɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɟɹɤɨ ɝɚ

ɞɚɝ ɷɬɭɥɶ ɧɟɛɵɥ ɨ«ɊɷɱɉɚɫɩɚɥɿɬɚɹȺɛɨɞ ɜɭɯɇɚɪɨɞɚʆɚɥɶɛ ɨɫɭɩɨ ɥɶ

ɧɚɹɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɚɥ ɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɹ«ɞ ɡɹɪ ɠɚɜɚª 

208

ɉɟɪ ɲɵɡ ɜɹɪɧ ɭʆɧ ɚɿɯɭɜɚɝɭ Ʌɚɩɨ ɂɅɚɩɩɨ ɉɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɬɪ ɟɯ ɜɢɥ ɟɧ ɫɤɢɯɫɴɟɡɞ ɨɜ   ɝ   ɋɛ ɨɪ ɧɢ ɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ

ɋ Ɏɉ ɥɚɬɨɧ ɨɜɭ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ ɫ ± Ƚɷɬɭɸɩɪɚɛɥɟɦɭɪ ɚɡ

ɝɚɪɧɭʆɞɚɥ ɟɣɒɚɩɨɤɚ$Šapoka)ʆLietuva ir L enkij a ɿʆɩɪɚɰɵ' LH

so ndertagun gen der li tau ischen St änd e n ach der L ubl iner U nio n v on

1569 // Lit t. Soc. Estoniae, XXX, Liber saccularis, Dorpat (Tartu), 1 938,

V ±  ɹɤɿ ɡɪɚɛɿʆ ɡɜɨ ɞɤɭ ɲɚɫɰɿ ɜɚɥɶɧɵɯɡ¶ɟɡɞɚʆɡɚɋɬɷɮɚɧɚȻɚ

ɬɭ ɪɵɭ ɱɚɫɟɛ ɟɫɤɚɪɚɥɟʆɹ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɹɝɨ ɫɦ ɟɪɰɿɬɪɨɯɚɩɪ ɵɀɵɝɿ ɦɨɧ ɬɭ

,,,²ɬɪɵɧɚɰɰɚɰ ɿəɧɵɚɞɛɵɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɿɩɚɡɧɟɣɚɥ ɟʆɫɺ ɪɚɞɡɟɣ Ⱥɩɨɲɧɿɦ

ɱɚɫɚɦ ɧ ɚɲɵɹɜɟɞ ɵɩ ɪɚ ɥɿ ɬɨʆɫɤɿ ɹɤɚɧɜɚɤɚɰɵɿ ʆɡɛ ɚɝɚɰɿ ʆɧɨɜɵɦ ɦɚɬɷ

ɪɵɹɥ ɚɦ  ȼɿɫɧɷ ɪ  +  :L VQ HU .R Q ZR NDFM D ZL OH ĔV N D =  G]LHMy Z

parlamentaryzmu litew skiego w czasach Zygmunta III // CPH, XX (1968),

z. 2, s. 75–80.

209

ɍɜɚɠɚɸɱ ɵɧɚɿɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɮɭɧɤɰɵɿ ɿ ɩɚɥɿ ɬɵɱɧɭɸɪ ɨɥɸɧɟ ɜɵ

ɩɚɞɚɟ ɡɜɨ ɞɡ ɿɰɶ ɤɚɧɜɚɤɚɰɵɿ ɞ ɚ ɪɨɥ ɿ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥ ɶɧɚɝ ɚɫɨɣ ɦɿ ɤɭ ȼɹɥɿ ɤɚɝɚ

Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚɹɤ ɯɚɰɟʆ ɡɪ ɚɛɿ ɰɶȺ ɞɚɦɭ ɫ ɭ ɪɷɰɷɧɡɿ ɿ ɧɚɩɪɚɰɵȺ ɒɚɩɨ ɤɿ

(AW, XIII, 1 938, z. 2, s. 3 22).

210

ɋ ɉɬɚɲɢɰɤɢ ɣ Ʉ ɜɨɩ ɪɨ ɫɭ  ɨ ɛ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ  ɤɨɦ ɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɢɹɯ

Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɚɝ ɨɫɬɚɬɭ ɬɚɉɟɬɟɪɛ ɭɪɝ ɞɚɞ ɚɬɚɤ ɫ 

211

ɒɵɪɷɣɩ ɪɚɝɷ ɬɚ ² ɂ Ʌɚɩɩɨ  ȼɟɥ ɢɤɨɟ Ʉɧɹɠɟɫɬɜɨ Ʌɢɬ ɨɜɫ

ɤɨ ɟɫ  ɉ ɚɪ ɚʆɧɬɚɤɫɚɦ ɚ ȼȾɪ ɭɠ ɱɵɰɉ ɚɥɚɠɷɧɶɧɟɅɿ ɬɨ ʆɫɤɚɛ ɟ

ɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣɞɡ ɹɪɠ ɚɜɵ ɩɚɫɶɥɹɅɸɛɥɿ ɧɫɤɚɣ ɜɭɧɿɿ  ɉɪɚɰ ɵȻɟɥɍɧɿɜɷɪ

ɫɵɬɷɬɭ ʆɆɟɧɫɤɭ ʋ ±ɫ ± 

212

ɐɵɬɭ ɟɰ ɰɚɩɚɜɨɞ ɥɟ -6 %\ VW UR Ĕ 0HJ DO RPDQ LDQ DURG RZ D

Warszawa, 1935, s . 232.

213

-6HUHG\ ND .RQIOLN WPL ĊG]\.R URQ ąD /LW ZąZ  URNX 

=HV]\W \1DXNRZH: \ĪV]HM6]N Rá\3HGDJRJ LF]QHMZ2S ROX+LVWR ULDVI

 V ± ɬɷɤɫɬ ɰɵɬɭɟɰɰɚɫɚɫ 

214

ɉɚɪɚʆɧ  6( KUHQ NUHX W]6HS DUDW \]P F]\ FLąĪHQL H /L WZ \ NX

Pols ceV ɞɡɟɦɿ ɠɿɧɲɵɦ ɚʆɬɚɪɰɵɬɭɟ ɿɧɫɬɪ ɭɤɰɵɸɛɟɪɚɫɰɟɣɫɤɚɝɚ

ɫɨ ɣɦɿɤɭ ɚɞ   ɝɹɤɿ ɞɚɪɭ ɱɚʆɫɜɚɿɦ ɩ ɚɫɥɚɦ ɫɭɩ ɚɤɨɿɰ ɶ ɤɚɪɨ ɧɧ ɵɯ

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ

100

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɩɚɫɥɨʆ«LĪWRQLJG\LQPHQWHRE\ZDWHOyZ :.V/LWHZVNLHJRQLHSRVWDáR

ɝɷɬɚɧ ɿɤɨɥ ɿɧɟɡ¶ɹʆɥɹɥ ɚɫɹ ʆɞɭ ɦɤɚɯɝɪɚɦɚɞɡ ɹɧȼɄɧ Ʌɿ ɬɨʆɫɤɚɝɚɹɤɿɹ

ɯɨɱɭ ɰɶ ɡɚɯɨ ʆɜɚɰɶ ɿɡɚʆɫɺɞɵ ɡɚɯɨ ʆɜɚɸɰɶɫɜɹɬɵɹɩɨ ɜɹɡ ɿɭɧ ɿɿª @

. &KRG \QLFNL .LON D]DJDGQ LHĔ]G]L HMyZ ZHZ QĊWU]Q\FK/L WZ\

SR 8Q LLO XEHOVN LHM  3DPLĊWQ LN 93 RZV]HFK QHJ R=M D]G X+ LVWR U\N RZ

Polskich, I, Lwów,Vɫɰɜɟɪɞɡɿʆɲɬɨɱɚɫɬɵɹɤɚɧɮɥɿɤɬɵɩɚɦɿɠ

Ʉɚɪɨ ɧɚɸ ɿ Ʌɿ ɬɜɨɸ ɞ ɚɜɨɞ ɡɹɰɶɥ ɿɬɨʆɫɤɿ ɩɚɪɬɵɤɭɥ ɹɪ ɵɡ ɦɚɥɟɧ ɟ ɤɚ

ɧɟɱɧ ɟɫɜɟɞɱ ɚɰɶɩ ɪɚ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɵɡ ɦ

215

Ɇ Ƚɪ ɭɲɟɜɫɶɤɢ ɣȱɫɬ ɨɪ ɿɹɍɤɪ ɚʀ ɧɢɊ ɭɫɢ9 Ʌɶɜɿ ɜ  ɫ

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ɩɚɥ ɿɬɵɱ ɧɚɟ ɠɵɰɰ ɺ ɿ ɥɿ ɬɚɪɚɬɭ ɪɚɞ ɥɹʆɤɪ ɚɿ ɧɫɤɚɟ ɲɥ ɹɯɬɵ ɹɤɚɹɰɹɝ 

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216

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hist oryczne ku czci S. Ku trzeby, I, Kraków, 19 38, s. 217.

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219

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ɬɵɤɿ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɚɧɵɯɚɪɝɚɧɿ ɡɦɚʆ

221

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ɄȽɭ ɪɫɤɿ ɞɚɞ ɚɸɱ ɵɛ ɚɝɚɬɚ ɬɪɚɩɧɵɯ ɧɚɡ ɿɪɚɧɧɹʆɿ ɡɚʆɜɚɝɝɥɧɚɫɬɭ ɩ

ɧɭɸ ɡɚʆɜɚɝɭ 

222

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1965,s. 122.

223

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kal marska, s. 2 27.

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ɞɪɭ ɝɨɸɞ ɡɹɪɠɚɜɚɸɱɵɣ ɩɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɹɪ ɵɡɦ ɹɤɿɱ ɚɫɚɦ ɞɚɯɨ ɞɡɿʆ ɞɚɫɟɩɚ

ɪɚɬɵɡɦɭɭɿɧ ɲɵɯɭ ɦɨɜɚɯɧɿɤɨɥ ɿɛɡ ɝɷɬɚɸɩɟɪ ɚɜɚɝɚɣɧɟɩɚɝɚɞ ɡɿ ʆɫɹª 

225

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɫ ± 

226

ɂ ɫɬɨɪ ɢɹɉ ɨɥ ɶɲɢɢ ɡɞ  Ⱥɤɚɞ ɟɦ ɢɢɇ ɚɭ ɤ ɋɋɋɊ  I, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ

ɫ

227

ɉɚɱɚɬɚɤɝ ɷɬɚɦɭ ɩ ɚɤɥ ɚʆ²ɩɪ ɚʆɞɚ ɭ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɚɝ ɭɥ ɶɧ ɚɣ ɮɨ ɪ

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ɫɤɚɜɭ ɝɨɪ ɫɤɿɹ ɫɭ ɜɹɡɿ ɞɚɞɵɧɚɫɬ ɵɱɧɚɟɥ ɭɱɧ ɚɫɰɿɩɚɞ ɤɪɷ ɫɥ ɿɜɚɸɱ ɵ ɿɯ

ɫɥ ɚɛɚɫɰɶɭ ɚɞ ɪɨɡɧ ɟɧɧɟɚɞ ɩɨɥ ɶɫɤɚɥɿ ɬɨʆɫɤɚɟɭɧɿ ɿ ɹɤɚɹɦɟɥɚɝ ɪɚɦɚɞ

ɫɤɚɟɚɩɿ ɪɵɲɱ ɚ ʆ ɚɛ ɟɞ ɡɜɸɯɤɪɚɿɧ ɚɯ

228

Ƚɷɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɩɚɜɭɱ ɚɥ ɶɧɵɦ  ɛ ɵʆ ɛ ɵ ɪɚɡɝ ɥɹɞ ɡ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɛ ɨɤɭ

ɩɨ ɥɶɫɤɚɫɚɤɫɨ ɧɫɤɚɟɭ ɧɿɿɉɚɪɚʆɧ ɩɪ ɚɝ ɷɬɚ J. Gierow ski. Perso nal —

oder Realunion, Zur Ges chichte der pol nisch— sächsis chen Bezieh ungen

nach Pol tawa. Um die P olnis che Krone, Berlin, 1962 , ɪ . 2 54–291 , ɞɡ ɟ

ɚʆɬɚɪɡɜɹɪɬɚɟʆɜɚɝɭ ɩɟɪɚɞɭ ɫɿɦɧɚɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧ ɵɛɨɤɭ ɧɿɿɧɚɮ ɨɧɟɿɦɤɧɟɧ

ɧɹȼɷɬɵɧɝɚʆ ɞɚ ʆɦɚɰɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɬɪ ɨɧ ɟɊ ɷɱɵɉ ɚɫɩ ɚɥɿ ɬɚɟ

229

ɉɚɪɚʆɧ-àRZPLDĔVNL8ZDJL, s. 309–311. ȺɫɚɛɥɿɜɚP. Simson.

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Ƚɞ ɚɧɶɫɤɭɉɪ ɚ ɝɚɧɞɚɥɶ Ʌɿ ɬɜɵɡ ɉɨ ɡɧɚɧ ɧɸ ɮ ɭɬɪ ɵɫɤɭɪ ɵ ɜɨ ɫɤɝɥ

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ɡɧɚɧɿɜɵɧɿɤɚɥɚ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɵɦ ɱɵɧɚɦɡɥ ɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɝɚɝɚɧɞɥɸ ɫ Ⱥɛ ɦɹ

ɠɨ ʆɜɚɸ ɱɵɫɹɩɵɬɚɧɧɟɦ ɞ ɡɹɪɠ ɚʆɧɚɝ ɚ ɥɚɞɭ ɿ ɝ ɪɚɦɚɞ ɫɤɿɯɩ ɟɪ ɚɞ ɭɦ ɨʆ

ɞ ɥɹɭ ɧɿ ɿ ɦ ɵ ɧɟ ɡ ɚɣ ɦɚɥɿ ɫɹɲɵɪ ɷɣ ɝ ɷɬɵɦ ɚɫɩ ɟɤɬɚɦ ɩɪ ɚɛ ɥɟɦɵ ɹɤɿ

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ɪɵɿ

230

ɏɚɪ ɜɚɰɤɿɹɮɟɚɞɚɥɵɜɚɥɨɫɤɿ ɹɤɧɹɡɿɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɿ ɹgr avesɭ  Ɍɪɚɧ

ɫɿ ɥɶɜɚɧɿ ɿ ɞɪ ɨɛɧɚɹ ɫɥɚɜɚɰɤɚɹɲɥ ɹɯɬɚ ʆɪɷɲɰɟʆ ɪɨɡ ɧɵ ɱɚɫɩ ɚɞɞ ɚɥɿ ɫɹ

ɦɚɞɡɶɹɪɵɡ ɚɰɵɿ ɩɪɚɰɷɫ ɹɤɨ ɣɫɤɨɧɱɵʆɫɹʆXVIɫɬ Ɂɝ ɷɬɚɝɚɱ ɚɫɭ ɩɪ ɵ

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ɜɭ ɝɨ ɪɫɤɚɝɚɧ ɚɪ ɨɞ ɚȽɥɩ ɪɚɝ ɷɬɚ Z. I. To th . Qu el qu es p ro bl emes d e

l’Et at multi national dans l a Hongrie d’av ant 1848 // Etu des…hong rois

du Xɟ Con gres In ternat ional des Sciences Histo riques , Budapest, 195 5,

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231

ɇɚɝɷɬɭɸ ɬɷ ɦɭɩɚɪɚʆɧɋ ɇɢ ɤɢɬɢɧɈɛ ɳɢɟɱɟɪ ɬɵ ɢɫɩɟɰ ɢ

ɮɢɱ ɟɫɤɢ ɟ ɨɫɨɛ ɟɧ ɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɮɨ ɪɦ ɢɪ ɨɜɚɧ ɢɹɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɰɢɣ ɜ XIX ɜ

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Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ