AWS B4.0: 2007 Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds

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CLAUSE 11. PROCESS SPECIFIC TESTS AWS B4.0:2007

124

Source: Adapted from American Welding Society C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, AWS C1.1M/C1.1:2000, Recommended

Practice for Resistance Welding, Miami: American Welding Society, Figure 18.

Figure 11.2.16—Drop-Impact Test Machine

Source: Adapted from American Welding Society C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, AWS C1.1M/C1.1:2000, Recommended

Practice for Resistance Welding, Miami: American Welding Society, Figure 19.

Figure 11.2.17—Test Fixture for Shear-Impact Loading Test

Provided by IHS under license with AWS

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AWS B4.0:2007 CLAUSE 11. PROCESS SPECIFIC TESTS

125

Source: Adapted from American Welding Society C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, AWS C1.1M/C1.1:2000, Recommended

Practice for Resistance Welding, Miami: American Welding Society, Figure 20.

Figure 11.2.18—Test Fixture for Tension-Impact Loading Test

Provided by IHS under license with AWS

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CLAUSE 11. PROCESS SPECIFIC TESTS AWS B4.0:2007

126

Source: Adapted from American Welding Society C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, AWS C1.1M/C1.1:2000, Recommended

Practice for Resistance Welding, Miami: American Welding Society, Figure 21.

Figure 11.2.19—Fatigue Testing Machine

Provided by IHS under license with AWS

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AWS B4.0:2007 CLAUSE 11. PROCESS SPECIFIC TESTS

127

Source: Adapted from American Welding Society C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, AWS C1.1M/C1.1:2000, Recommended

Practice for Resistance Welding, Miami: American Welding Society, Figure 22

Figure 11.2.20—Pillow Test for Seam Welds

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CLAUSE 11. PROCESS SPECIFIC TESTS AWS B4.0:2007

128

RESISTANCE WELDING DATA SHEET

EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION

TYPE ____________________ SERIAL __________

TRANSFORMER NO. _______ RATING __________

CONTROL ___________________________________

Source: Adapted from American Welding Society C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, AWS C1.1M/C1.1:2000, Recommended

Practice for Resistance Welding, Miami: American Welding Society, Figure 34.

Figure 11.2.21—Suggested Data Sheet for Resistance Spot and Projection Welding

SIDE

MATERIAL

Thickness Weld Current

Approx. Analysis (type) S. C. Current

Tap and/or Phase Setting

Throat Opening

Surface Cond. Throat Spacing

Ultimate Strength

Synchronous or

Nonsynchronous timing

Yield Strength

Elongation % Heat Time

Red. in Area % Squeeze Time

Hardness Cool Time

Material Hold Time

ELECTRODE

Shape No. of Pulsations

Electrode Force

Squeeze Force

Forging Force

Tension Shear Test

Tension Test

SPOT

Diameter

TORSIONAL

Yield Point

Overlap or Flange Ultimate

Spacing Mod. of Rupt.

PROJECTION

Size

Contour

Degree Twist at Ult.

Indentation

Nugget Size

Other Tests:

Number

Location

Remarks: Photos

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AWS B4.0:2007 CLAUSE 11. PROCESS SPECIFIC TESTS

129

RESISTANCE WELDING DATA SHEET

EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION

TYPE ____________________ SERIAL __________

TRANSFORMER NO. _______ RATING __________

CONTROL ________________

Source: Adapted from American Welding Society C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, AWS C1.1M/C1.1:2000, Recommended

Practice for Resistance Welding, Miami: American Welding Society, Figure 35.

Figure 11.2.22—Suggested Data Sheet for Resistance Seam Welding

SIDE

MATERIAL

Thickness Weld Current

Approx. Analysis (type) S. C. Current

Tap and/or Phase Setting

Throat Opening

Surface Cond. s Throat Spacing

Ultimate Strength

Synchronous or

Nonsynchronous Timing

Yield Strength

Elongation % Heat Time

Red. in Area % Cool Time

Hardness Electrode Force

ELECTRODE

Material Tension Shear Test

Shape Tension Test

TORSIONAL

Yield Point

Ultimate

Mod. of Rupt.

Degree Twist at Ult.

SEAM

Roll Speed in per min (mm per min) Indentation

Spots per in (mm) Other Tests:

Width of Weld

MASH

Overlap or Filler

Length of Weld

Remarks: Photos

Provided by IHS under license with AWS

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No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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AWS B4.0:2007

This page is intentionally blank.

130

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AWS B4.0:2007

131

Controlled Thermal Severity Testing

Cottrell, C. L. M. “Controlled thermal severity cracking

test simulates practical welded joints.” Welding Jour-

nal 33(6): 257-s, 1953.

Houldcroft, P. T. “A simple cracking test for use with

argon arc welding.” British Welding Journal 2(12):

471, 1955.

Pedder, C., and Hart, P. H. M. “CTS testing procedures:

the present position.” The Welding Institute Research

Bulletin 16(9): 264–266, 1975.

British Standards Institution, BS 7363:1990, Methods for

Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test and Bead-On

Plate (BOP) Test for Welds, 1990.

Cruciform Testing

American Welding Society, Welding Handbook, Vol. 2.

Miami, Florida: American Welding Society, 1978.

Linnert, G. E. Welding Metallurgy, Carbon and Alloy

Steels, Third Edition, Vol. 2, 632–634. Miami: Amer-

ican Welding Society, 1965.

Welding Research Council. Weldability of Steels, Ed.

Stout and Doty: New York, NY: Welding Research

Council.

Poteat, L. E. and Warner, W. L. “The cruciform test for

plate-cracking susceptibility.” Welding Journal 39(2):

70-s, 1960.

Implant Test

Sawhill, J. M. Jr., Dix. A. W. and Savage, W. F. “Modi-

fied implant test for studying delayed cracking.”

Welding Journal 53(12): 554s-560s, December, 1974.

Bryhan, A. J. “The effect of testing procedure on implant

test results.” Welding Journal 60(9): 169-s–176-s,

September, 1981.

Karppi, R., Ruusila, J., Saton, K., Toyada, M., and

Vartiainen, K. Note on Standardization of Implant

Test. Research Reports IIW FINLAND: Technical

Research Centre of Finland, 1983. IX-1296-83.

Wong, R. J. “The effect of weld metal diffusible hydro-

gen on the cracking susceptibility of HY-80 steel.”

Hydrogen Embrittlement: Prevention and Control,

ASTM STP 962, Raymond, ED., American Society

for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, pp. 274–286,

1988.

Lehigh Restraint Test

Stout, R. D., Tor, S. S., McGready, L. J., and Doan, G. E.

“Quantitative measurement of the cracking tendency

in welds.” Welding Journal 25(9): 522-s–531s, 1946.

Stout, R. D. and Doty, W. D. Weldability of Steel. New

York: Welding Research Council, 1987.

Varestraint Testing

Savage, W.F. and Lundin, C.D. “The varestraint test.”

Welding Journal 44(10): 435-s–442-s, 1965.

Savage, W.F. and Lundin, C.D. “Application of the vare-

straint technique to the study of weldability.” Welding

Journal 45(11): 497-s–503-s, 1966.

McKeown, D. “Versatile weld metal cracking tests.”

Metal Construction and British Welding Journal 2(8):

351–352, 1980.

Annex A (Informative)

Bibliography

This annex is not part of AWS B4.0:2007, Standard Methods for Mechanical

Testing of Welds, but is included for informational purposes only.

Provided by IHS under license with AWS

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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ANNEX A AWS B4.0:2007

132

Lundin, C. D., Lingenfelter, A. S., Grotke, G. E., Less-

mann, G. G., and Matthews, S. J. The Varestraint

Test. Bulletin 280. New York: Welding Research

Council, August, 1982.

Lin, W. “A model for heat-affected zone liquation crack-

ing.” Welding in the World 30 (9/10): 236–242, 1992.

Lin, W., Lippold, J. C., and Baeslack III, W. A. “An

evaluation of heat-affected zone liquation cracking

susceptibility, Part I: Development of a method for

quantification.” Welding Journal 72(4): 135-s–153-s,

1993.

Oblique Y-Groove Testing

JIS Z 3158, Japanese Industrial Standards Committee,

Method of Y-Groove Cracking Test.

Satoh K., Toyoda M., Ikita K., Nakamura A., and Mats-

uura T., Prevention of weld crack in HY 80 heavy

plates with undermatching electrodes and its applica-

tion to fabricating penstock, July, 1978.

Suzuki, H., Cold cracking and its prevention in steel

welding, Transactions of the Japan Welding Society,

vol. 9, No. 2, 1978.

WIC Test

Thorn, K., Lazor, R. B., and Graville, B. A., “Prediction

of Weld Cracking Susceptibility,” AGA PR-140-136,

Nov. 1981.

Wong, R. J., “Hydrogen Cracking Resistance of High

Strength Steels in Single Pass and Multipass Weld-

ability Tests,” Proceedings of Symposium on Weld-

ing and Weld Automation in Shipbuilding, pp. 33–46,

Edited by R. DeNale, TMS Materials Week ’95 in

Cleveland Ohio, Oct. 29–Nov. 2, 1995.

Trough Test

Juers, Raymond H., “Investigation of MIL-14018

Shielded Metal-Arc Weld Repair Procedures Using

the Trough Weldability Specimen,” January 1975.

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AWS B4.0:2007

133

B1. Introduction

The American Welding Society (AWS) Board of Directors

has adopted a policy whereby all official interpretations

of AWS standards are handled in a formal manner.

Under this policy, all interpretations are made by the

committee that is responsible for the standard. Official

communication concerning an interpretation is directed

through the AWS staff member who works with that

committee. The policy requires that all requests for an

interpretation be submitted in writing. Such requests will

be handled as expeditiously as possible, but due to the

complexity of the work and the procedures that must be

followed, some interpretations may require considerable

time.

B2. Procedure

All inquiries shall be directed to:

Managing Director

Technical Services Division

American Welding Society

550 N.W. LeJeune Road

Miami, FL 33126

All inquiries shall contain the name, address, and affilia-

tion of the inquirer, and they shall provide enough infor-

mation for the committee to understand the point of

concern in the inquiry. When the point is not clearly

defined, the inquiry will be returned for clarification. For

efficient handling, all inquiries should be typewritten and

in the format specified below.

B2.1 Scope. Each inquiry shall address one single provi-

sion of the standard unless the point of the inquiry

involves two or more interrelated provisions. The provi-

sion(s) shall be identified in the scope of the inquiry

along with the edition of the standard that contains the

provision(s) the inquirer is addressing.

B2.2 Purpose of the Inquiry. The purpose of the inquiry

shall be stated in this portion of the inquiry. The purpose

can be to obtain an interpretation of a standard’s require-

ment or to request the revision of a particular provision

in the standard.

B2.3 Content of the Inquiry. The inquiry should be

concise, yet complete, to enable the committee to under-

stand the point of the inquiry. Sketches should be used

whenever appropriate, and all paragraphs, figures, and

tables (or annex) that bear on the inquiry shall be cited. If

the point of the inquiry is to obtain a revision of the stan-

dard, the inquiry shall provide technical justification for

that revision.

B2.4 Proposed Reply. The inquirer should, as a

proposed reply, state an interpretation of the provision

that is the point of the inquiry or provide the wording for

a proposed revision, if this is what the inquirer seeks.

B3. Interpretation of Provisions of

the Standard

Interpretations of provisions of the standard are made by

the relevant AWS technical committee. The secretary of

the committee refers all inquiries to the chair of the par-

ticular subcommittee that has jurisdiction over the por-

tion of the standard addressed by the inquiry. The

subcommittee reviews the inquiry and the proposed reply

to determine what the response to the inquiry should

Annex B (Informative)

Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries

This annex is not part of AWS B4.0:2007, Standard Methods for Mechanical

Testing of Welds, but is included for informational purposes only.

Provided by IHS under license with AWS

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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