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ɢɡ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɮɢɪɦɵ «Ⱦɸɩɨɧ». Ⱦɚɬɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɟ-
ɞɚɧɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ Ɋɨɣ Ⱦɠ. ɉɥɚɧɤɟɬ ɜɟɥ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɢɡɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɡɭɱɟɫɬɶ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɌɎɗ ɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɯ ɢ ɦɟ-
ɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɫɬɚɬɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
. Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚ-
ɸɬɫɹ. ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɩɨɥ-
ɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟɟ ɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ-
ɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɨɜɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ – ɫɭɩɟɪɮɥɭɜɢɫ
(ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ
). ȿɝɨ ɢɡɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ 10–20 %. ɇɚɞɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɟ-
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɛɵ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɵ ɧɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ, ɧɚ 80 %
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ, ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɲɥɚ ɪɟɱɶ ɜɵɲɟ. ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɡɚ
ɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɸ, ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɚɥɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɞɚɥɚ ɬɨ, ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɨɫ-
ɬɢɱɶ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɉɌɎɗ ɩɨ ɢɡɧɨɫɨ-
ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɭɞɚɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɜ 2000–2001 ɝɝ., ɚ
ɩɟɪ-
ɜɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ – ɜ 2003-ɦ. ȼ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚɫ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɥɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬ-
ɜɨ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɛɵɥɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ–ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɉɌɎɗ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ-
ɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (40
ɬɨɧɧ/ɝɨɞ) – ɤɚɩɥɹ ɜ ɦɨɪɟ ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣ-
ɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɬ ɫɢɥɭ.
ȼ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ? ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɟɝɨ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ, ɡɚɩɨɪɧɚɹ, ɪɚɫ-
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɩ-
ɥɨɫɟɬɟɣ, ɧɟɮɬɟ- ɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ. Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚɯ, ɧɚɫɨɫɚɯ, ɲɚ-
ɪɨɜɵɯ
ɤɪɚɧɚɯ, ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚɯ, ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚɯ, ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɯ. Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨ
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚɯ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɷɤɫ-
ɤɚɜɚɬɨɪɵ, ɛɭɥɶɞɨɡɟɪɵ, ɤɚɪɶɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɜɚɥɵ, ɫɤɪɟɩɟɪɵ, ɚɜɬɨɝɪɟɣɞɟɪɵ,
ɛɟɬɨɧɨɧɚɫɨɫɵ, ɤɪɚɧɵ, ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɟɫ-
ɫɵ, ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɲɚɯɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɚɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɞɴ-
ɟɦɧɢɤɢ, ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɞɪ.