Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1

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160 Stage 1-5 (Workbook 1)

Kanji Kana Meaning

¢įù paper

]Æ ģį basement

Ċħ ĥĵĚ flower shop

ķħĳĻĚ book store

§K ĸĤĺīĠ weekend

 ÒĮĺĸĻ both parents

¢ Èčù letter (mail)

J`įĻē kanji (characters)

ď¥ ēįĻ time

û ĸī island

ĄÞ Īĸ big city

¯īģ town; city

Ë village

ĥĚĸ woods

ÍęÒ forest

ăĚī mountain

įĖ river

 ĎıË cherry trees

¦ÈË temple

¡ ēĻēÊ shrine

— ĜĞĠ heated table

— őŜŝ bed

— şŴŒ lamp

— ŗŵūŴ curtain

? Đ painting; drawing

E ī window

L ìı clothes

pıĠ shoes

DCį floor

Stage 1-5 (Workbook 1) 161

 Nouns (verbs with

÷Ö

)

Kanji Kana Meaning

h× ®ĠÉĮĺ graduation

 Location nouns

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

çáčĸ east H¶ ĺĸ¶ back; behind

İĸ west ¥ĉĹĭ between

ùĵù south cı ģįı close

ÿĲĞ north 9 ĪĵÒ next; next door

ñ ĺĐ top; above ®«nearby

Æ ĸĞ under; below ĻüīĻĵį center

ü ĵį inside ÄīĐfront

 Adjectival nouns

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

Ĳ ÷Ĳ like; be fond of mV Ĺ¶Ĺ¶ various

{Ĺ ĲËĹ dislike; do not like

 Adjectives

Kanji Kana Meaning

ĸĹ ĳĸĹ want (something)

 Adverbs

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

— ęĺ already — īĞ again

162 Stage 1-5 (Workbook 1)

 Verbs

Kanji Kana Polite form

;

-form Meaning

*= ,*= ,*<> ,*; can read

.= (.= (.<> (.; can write

> 9> 97<> 97; submit

= 6= 6-<> 64; exist (inanimate)

= := :<> :; exist (animate)

— :147)= :147):<> :147)4; exist (honorific)

5= 65= 65<> 65; give

75= 3765= 3765<> 3765; give (humble)

— 2= 2-<> 24; give

— 8&= 8&<> 8&; give me (us)

3= 893= 893:<> 8934; give me (honorific)

0 $10 $1:<> $14; receive

8 :'98 :'9!<> :'9:; receive (humble)

/ >/ >+<> ># live; reside

/ 2>/ 2>+<> 2># rest

8 98 9!<> 9:; hold; embrace

 States

States or counties in other countries are 70, examples of which are JKLCL, DGMHM?

, or @LEIBAKFM.

 Specific locations

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

+ right  + " right-side

 9- left  9-" left-side

,%side %0 /%0 beyond

8 8 faraway place  ;< this side

Supplementary Vocabulary

Stage 1-5 (Workbook 1) 163

 Stores

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

ŲŴħ ŲŴĚ bakery ŢŵŨħ ŢŵŨĚ pastry shop

®«ħ ®«Ě soba-noodle shop ÷ĸħ÷ĸĚ sushi shop

õħ ıĭęėĚ fruit store àôħ ĚĦĚ vegetable store

$&4ħ ŁĻºĺńĚ stationery store pħ ıĠĚ shoe shop

ħ ĎįĚ sake shop )ħ ĜYĚ rice shop

,ħ İıĚ meat store 1ħĎįĵĚ fish store

 ŲŴħļĚĶ

and

ŢŵŨħļĚĶ

: The English word Ŷbakeryŷ may imply that the store sells bread

as well as cakes. In Japan, most of the time both are sold in specialized stores: ŲŴħļĚĶ sell

bread and ŢŵŨħļĚĶ sell cakes. Notice that vegetable stores are not called ;ħļĚĎĹĚĶ but

rather àôħļĚĦĚĶ.

 Places in your town

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

.k CĺOĻĲĮı post office + äĹĎĠĸĮ police station

2 ĜĺĐĻ park 6 Ĝĺ«Ļ police box

!8 OĮĺĹĻ hospital Þ(X ĸĚıĸĮ town hall

— űŵŲŵ supermarket — ŠŴšŞ convenience

stores

Þ Ĺģ« traditional food k ĚĲĮı drugstores

market

Stage 1-6 The World of Adverbs

Step 1

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-6.1(1) through (7), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1)~(7) Adverbs

1. Insert appropriate adverbs in the parentheses in the following sentences.

ĺ I will study tomorrow.

ĭįįįįï±©

Ûİģğī

ĦĢðĔ

p Have you already read this book? No, not yet.

ġûĝ

ėİ

Ľĭįįįįïì

ÇĢĦĥĤĔĮĮÞĨĭįįįįï|ðĔ

s English is very difficult, but Japanese is not that difficult.

ÞĮ

čĭįįįįï®

ªăĤ

ĦĮ|ðĉĨĬ

ėİ

čĭįįįįï®

ªăĤ

ĦĚČbĢĈİĔ

/ That book was not very good.

çûĝ

ėİ

čĭįįįįï³ĚČbĢĈİ|ĦĥĔ

. I did not understand the homework at all.

Ħ Ğ Ě ü Į

ĉĭįįįįïĄ

ĤbĢĈİ|ĦĥĔ

ĸ America is big, but China is bigger.

ĿŞŔŒčù

ĂĂ

ģĮ|ðĉĨã

Ĝ ĞīĠ Ě

čĭįįįįïù

ĂĂ

ģĮ|ðĔ

- Did you speak a lot of Japanese yesterday? No, just a little.

»Ĭ

ģ ûī

ĨĬ

ėİ

Ľĭįįįįïý

čĪ

ĦĢĦĥĤĔĮĮÞĨĭįįįįïý

čĪ

ĦĢĦĥĔ

, I went to bed really late last night, and got up very early this morning.

»Ĭ

ģ ûī

ûÆ

Ùİ

Ĩĭįįįįïĭįįįįï

ĢĦĥĔ

çĦ'ĨĒU

ÄÅ

Ĩĭįįįįïĭįįįįï6

ģĢĦĥĔ

1: Adverbs

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 165

+ How would you write this?

ġ#čĭįįįįïò

ģĢðĤĔ

ĵ We write this kanji this way.

ĕĥĦ

ĥ Ĝ

čġû

Ĥİ

Ľĭįįįįïò

ģĢðĔ

Ķ I read 30 pages of this book yesterday.

»Ĭ

ģ ûī

Ĩġûĝ

ėİ

Ľĭįįįįïì

ÇĢĦĥĔ

2. Translate the initial passages of the following sentences into Japanese and write either úī or ú

øę in the parentheses.

ĺ Chang-san had a lot of coffee, but I had more.

______________________________Ĩą

ĕĥĦ

čĭįįįįï1

ÇĢĦĥĔ

p I studied a lot this morning, but I will study a little more tonight.

__________________________ĨĒ

ġİ

Ùİ

Ĩĭįįįįïµ

ðġ

Ħ±

Ûİ

ģğī

ĦĢðĔ

s I will have a big test tomorrow. So, I will study a lot more tonight.

______________________ĔüĤñĨĒ

ġİ

Ùİ

ĨĭįįįįïĥĚÅİ±

Ûİ

ģğī

ĦĢðĔ

/ I bought a few apples yesterday, but I will buy two more today.

______________________________ĨĒĬ

ģ ğī

Ĩĭįįįįï²

íĥ

ěR

ĮĢðĔ

. Many people came to my house, and today 10 more people came.

_______________________________ĔĒĬ

ģ ğī

ĨĭįįįįïÎ

ĩĞī

ħ İ

ĨĖ

ĢĦĥĔ

3. Insert the conjunctive forms in the following sentences. Confirm the meaning of each sentence.

ĺáġ#Ľ______________ĚüÅĮĔ

read

p

Ģ Į

ħĜ

ĨĬ

ėİ

Ľ______________ĚüÅĮĔ

speak

s§

čď

ĚĨ______________ĚüÅĮĔ

get up

/

Ģ Į

ħĜ

Ĩ______________ó

ĉø



ġī

ħé

ģĢðĔ

walk

.áĬ

ėİ

|ŞŭŜĽ______________ĨĬ

ėİ

Ľ______________ĚüÅĮĔ

write practice

166 Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1)

4. New vocabulary: (R: S1-6-1)



Counters

¼ĭÝï

ĭčĮï

, and

ĭġï

: The counter ¼ĭÝï is used to indicate frequency (also

used for temperature). ĭčĮï is used to count liquid measures—“cupfuls,” “bucketfuls,” etc.—

of anything liquid or in small particles. ĭġï is the counter for small things of about the size of

something that fits in the palm of the hand: e.g., eggs, small fruit, small things around the house,

pebbles, etc. For the pronunciation of numbers with these counters, see Stage 4-5.

 |ģËĭ|ģĢðï

: This verb is semi-transitive and, as already learned in Stage 1-4, it can be used to

express the ability/possibility of the topic. It could also be used to indicate the general ability of the

topic.

ÿã

ďĢĪĤ

Åİčę'ú³Ě|ģĢðĔ

Yamanaka-san is (a) very able (person) = very smart.

It can also express completion of some task or creation of some product.

ĦĞĚ

üĮ

ĉ|ģĢĦĥĔ

I have finished my homework.

œŭŕĉ|ģĢĦĥĔ

The cake is done ( = cooked).

Finally, it can also express a new relationship between people or a new situation.

ęú

üĜ

ĉ|ģĢĦĥĔ

I now have a friend.

łŭőńśŬŅĉ|ģĢĦĥĔ

I now have a boyfriend.

 ´äĭĠĠï

: ´äĭĠĠï was introduced for indicating the time, “p.m.” This word can be used as

the time adverb meaning “afternoon.”

1. ³ĚĄ

ĤbĢĈİĔúøęĨ]øĚbý

čĪ

Ħ'ĚüÅĮĔ

slowly

2. ðÇĢĈİĉĨúīĦÙñĚĨġġ|

ø'ĚüÅĮĔ

for a while wait

3. īËÅĮ|ðċÞĔúīµ

ðġ

Ħ¬

Ħ ă

Ĥħý

čĪ

Ħ'ĚüÅĮĔ

noisy quiet

4. ³Ě

ġÞĢĈİ|ĦĥĔ[

ø'Ĩúīć

Į Ĝ

Ĩê

ø'ĚüÅĮĔ

can hear stand (see below) say

5. úīĂQ

Ĝ Ê

ĉ|ģĢĦĥĤĔúīć

Į ø



& Į

ĚüÅĮĔ

(see below) (see below)

6. ´ä

ĠĠ

ĨœŭŕĽ¾

ě Ě

bĢðĉĨd

ĥĢ

ĉúī



ĨĮbĢðĔ

(see below) cake make egg (see below) need

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 167

PRODUCTION

5. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

6. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

7. Complete the following sentences, as shown in the example.

Example:

³ĚĄ

ĤbĢĈİ|ĦĥĔüĤñĨ(say again)

ķ³ĚĄ

ĤbĢĈİ|ĦĥĔüĤñĨúīć

Į Ĝ

Ĩê

ø'ĚüÅĮĔ

ĺ ġûŢŭŚŭčĂĮĦĮ|ðċÞĔ(give me one more cup)

pá(wait a little longer). `

ęī

Åİč¹đ

Ě ĩ

ħĖ

ĢðĤñĔ

s (listen once more). Ą

ĤbĢĦĥĤĔ

/

ġÞĢĈİĔüĤñĨ(please come here and say it again)

.áČĪĥÖ

ĥ Ĝ

člĄ

ă Į Òİ

īËÅĮ|ðċÞĔ(speak quietly)

ĸá´ä

ĠĠ

ĨĘ

Ī ħ

ĽR

ĮĢĦğīĤĔ(buy three eggs and two tangerines)

-áœŭŕĉ|ģĢĦĥĤĔúīćěĮbĢðĤñĨ(make one more)

,áČûā

ēę

čĬ

ėİ

ĉČĢb³ĚĄ

ĤbĢĈİĔüĤñĨ(speak slowly)

1. I don’t understand it well. Please say it more slowly.

2. I am sorry to ask you, but please wait here a little longer.

3. You are too noisy. Please speak a little more quietly.

4. I could not hear what you said. Could you stand up and tell me once more?

5. Is the tea done already? Please give me one more cup.

6. I will make a cake in the afternoon, so I will need five more eggs.

168 Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1)

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-6.1 (1) through (4), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1)~(4) About onomatopoeia

1. First, familiarize yourself with the following onomatopoeia.

Onomatopoeia Description

şŭşŭ sound of heavy rain

ţŬţŬ dog barking

ťŧŭťŧŭ cat meowing

ũūũū fluent speech (foreign languages)

ŠŝŠŝ noise of a crowd

ÝģÝģ nervous (sound of heart pounding)

ĻĤĻĤ shiny

%î%î old; worn; ragged

ģĜİ properly; neatly

çīıøęĲ quietly; gently

These examples of onomatopoeia are best learned with the associated predicates. See the example

sentences below.

2. New vocabulary: (R: S1-6-2)

2: Onomatopoeia

1. ÅøģĢ|čÃ

ČÓ

ĉşŭşŭæ

ø'ĮĢĦĥĉĨĒ

Į Ģ

čúīæ

ø'ĮĢĈİĔ

rain fall (see below)

2. 

ġīÞ İ

|čë

}

Ýú

ĉĥĚÅİ

Čç

İ|ĮĢðĉĨīĜûë

ĉÉ

Į'ĮĢðĔ

park play cry

3. 

çę

|¢

Įz

ĉţŬţŬĨc

ċġ

ĉťŧŭťŧŭĪĮ'Į'Ĩę'úīËÅĮ|ðĔ

outside (see below)

4. ČûÈÀ

ßď

čĮěúŠŝŠŝę¦

ħ à

ďĤ|ðċĔŊŭŏŋŭüę¯

Ăú

ĮĢðĔ

noisy think

5. S

]ī

Ó Į

Ī¥

Ĉİ

ĈĮ

ęĬ

Č Ħ ĥ

Ĩ¿

ĮĢðĔüĤñĨĒ

Į Ģ

ĨġĕĚ'ĨÝģÝģĦ'ĮĢðĔ

famous meet scared

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 169

 ÃĭČÓïĉæĭíïËĭíbĢðï

: There is no single verb equivalent to the English verb “to rain.” In

Japanese, it must be expressed by the noun ÃĭČÓï “rain” and the verb æĭíïË “to fall.” ĭ]ģï

ĉæĭíïËĭíbĢðï means “to snow.”

 úī

with negative predicates: We learned that the adverb úī with positive predicates means

“already.” When this adverb is used with negative predicates, it means “no longer.” See Stage 2-1.

 ĪĚĭĪģĢðï

: This verb is used for crying and for barking, meowing, chirping, or any animal

voice. The kanji ÉĭĪïĚĭĪģĢðï is used for crying; jĭĪïĚĭĪģĢðï is normally used for birds,

insects, small animals. Hiragana is widely used, except for crying.

 īËÅĮ

and

¦ĭħàïďĤ

: Both these words are often translated as “noisy.” T

he connotation of

the words, however, is different. īËÅĮ indicates “annoyingly noisy” while ¦ĭħàïďĤ indicates

“lively” or “pleasantly noisy.”

 ¿ĭČïīĭČĮĢðï

: In English one may say, “I will see my friend tonight.” The verb “to see” in

English has several different meanings, and the Japanese verb “to see” ĭÇïËĭÇĢðï does not

share all of those meanings. ĭÇïËĭÇĢðï simply indicates the visual act of “seeing, watching,

looking,” but does not include such events as meeting with, visiting, encountering, or interacting

(e.g., talking) with someone else. Therefore, if you want to express “to see a friend,” in a sense that

includes “talking, etc. with the person” after seeing the friend, you should use the verb ¿ĭČïīĭČ

ĮĢðï.

ĕĥĦ

č¶Ö

ęúüĜ

Ľ

ĢĦĥĔ

I looked at my friend.

ĕĥĦ

č¶Ö

ęúüĜ

ħ¿

ĮĢĦĥĔ

I met my friend (and interacted with) my friend.

This verb is intransitive. The person the topic meets must be expressed with ħ rather than Ľ. ę

may also be used in place of ħ. When ę is used, it indicates that both parties come to an agreed

upon place and perhaps time to meet each other, but the use of ħ suggests both “running into

someone” and the meaning held by ę.

ĕĥĦ

čŐŧŬÅİę¿

ĮĢĦĥĔ

I met Chang-san [as planned].

 ÑÚĭĩğīăï

This adjectival noun means “skilled [at something].” Detailed information on this

word is provided in the Grammar Textbook, Stage 1-7.

6. Čûā

ēę

čę'ú¬

Ħ ă

ĤĪā

ēę

|ĨĮěúçīøęÈÀ

ßď

ħ

č Į

ø'ĨģĜİę½

ðĕ

bĢðĔ

enter sit

7. *Čûā

ēę

ûÔ

ĚËĢ

čĻĤĻĤ|ðĉĨT

í Ě

č%î%î|ðĔ)ę¶

ęú

ü Ĝ

ĉê

ĮĢĦĥĔ

outfit

8. ŊŨÅİčĬ

ėİ

ĉĝ

ėİ

ęī

ħÑ

ĩğī

|ðċĔĮěúũūũūęĬ

ėİ

Ľý

čĪ

ĦĢðĔ

skilled