Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1

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170 Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1)

PRODUCTION

3. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

4. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

5. Express the content of the following sentences using appropriate onomatopoeia.

Example:

ČûÔ

ĚËĢ

čÌ

Čĥñ

ĦĚ'Ĩģ#Į|ðċĔ

ķČûÔ

ĚËĢ

čĻĤĻĤ|ðċĔ

ĺ

çę

|¢

Įz

ĉĪĮ'ĮĢðĔīĜ|c

ċġ

ĉĪĮ'ĮĢðĔ

pÃ

ČÓ

ĉĥĚÅİæ

bĢĦĥĔ

sŗŌŭŬņÅİč¬

Ħ ă

ĤħÈ

ħ

č Į

bĢĦĥĔçĦ'Ĩ½

ðĕ

bĢĦĥĔ

/ ŐŧŬÅİčĝ

ėİ

ęī

ħĬ

ėİ

ĉÑÚ

ĩğīă

|ðĔ

. ą

ĕĥĦ

č`

ęī

¥ĎĉġĕĮ|ðĔ

ĸáÿ

ďĢ

ĪĤ

ÅİûT

í Ě

čę'úB

íË

Į|ðĔ

- Čûā

ēę

ûÈ

ħčĮěúā

ēę

ĉĥĚÅİĮĢðĔ¦

ħ à

ďĤ|ðċĔ

6. Add êĭĮïĮĢĦĥ and ¯ĭĂúïĮĢð to the above sentences whenever possible. In case of ê

ĭĮïĮĢĦĥ, indicate who has said it. For ¯ĭĂúïĮĢð, recall that the topic must be the speak-

er, but not the third person.

1. It was raining very hard until a little while ago, but it is no longer raining.

2. Many children are playing in the park, but my child is crying.

3. It is very noisy with dogs barking and cats meowing outside.

4. That room is always quite lively with the sound of many people. I think that they are having

a party there.

5. I will meet a famous teacher tomorrow. So, I am scared and quite nervous now.

6. That person is very quiet. She always comes into the room quietly and sits properly.

7. My friend said that that person’s car is shiny, but his clothes are very worn.

8. Park-san is really good at Japanese. He always speaks Japanese fluently.

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 171

7. Indicate the cessation of action in the following sentences.

Example:





îī

Ě İ

čÅøģĨ±

Ûİ

ģğī

Ħ'ĮĢĦĥċĔ

ķÞÞĔ|úĨúīĦ'ĮĢĈİĔ

ĺ^

³ī

ĜÊİčÅøģ

ġī



Þ İ

|¢

Įz

ę

Čç

İ|ĮĢĦĥċĔ

pŗŌŭŬņÅİčÅøģçġħ½

ðĕ

ø'ĨŐŧŬÅİęý

čĪ

Ħ'ĮĢĦĥċĔ

s



îī

Ě İ

čÅøģČçġ|É

Į'ĮĢĦĥċĔ

³ī

ĜÊİčČçġ|ø'ĮĢĦĥċĔ

. ÿ

ďĢ

ĪĤ

ÅİčÅøģV

ÞĮ

Ľũūũūý

čĪ

Ħ'ĮĢĦĥċĔ

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-6.3 (1) through (4), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) Person vs. situation; (2) The verb

ðËĭĦĢðï

; (3) The verb

ĪËĭĪbĢðï

; (4) Transitive-

intransitive pairs of verbs

1. Write appropriate phrases and confirm the meanings of the completed sentences.

ĺáą

ĕĥĦ

ču

Ĉİ

ġī

Ľ_______________ĦĢĦĥĔ

Japanese

Meaning:

páīËÅĮ|ðċÞĔúīµ

ðġ

Ħ_______________Ħ'ĚüÅĮĔ

quiet

Meaning:

sáÅøģĢ|ę'úīËÅĤøĥ|ðĉĨĒ

Į Ģ

čµ

ðġ

Ħ______________ĪbĢĦĥĔ

quiet

Meaning:

/áĒ

ġİ

Ùİ

ĨÆ

Ùİ

Ġ2

čİ

č_______________ ĦĢĦğīĔ

sushi

Meaning:

.áġûĂQ

Ĝ Ê

č

ěÓ

ĥĮ|ðċĔúøę______________Ħ'ĚüÅĮĔ

hot

Meaning:

3: Focus on a Person or Situation

172 Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1)

ĸ _______________ĪbĢĦĥċĔĘ

Ī ħ

Ĥ

ěÓ

ĥĮ

úû

Ľ3

ÛĢĈİĤĔ

hot

Meaning:

-áWĊ

ģ ğċİ

čĬ

ėİ

ĉý

čĪ

ĈĢĈİ|ĦĥĉĨĒĊ

ġęĦ

č_________________ĪbĢĦĥĔ

can speak

Meaning:

,áČûó

ĉ Ě

ĈĮ

čĬ

ėİ

ħé

ø'ĨĬ

ėİ

ĉ____________________ĪbĢĦĥĔ

fluent (onomatopoeia)

Meaning:

2. Fill out the following chart with appropriate verbs.

Transitive Meaning Intransitive Meaning

open (something) (something) opens

close (something) (something) closes

begin (something) (something) begins

finish (something) (something) ends

3. Insert appropriate verbs in the following sentences.

ĺá

Čě

Į|ðċĔ\

ĢÝ

Ľ________________ĚüÅĮĔ

open

pá

ĉ_____________ĢĦĥĔü#ĤĖ

ĢĦĥĤĔ

open

sáĬ

ėİ

ûØ

ĩĞ

àğī

č¹

ħ______________ĔçĦ'ĨÎ

ĩĞī

ħ_______________Ĕ

begin end

/á¥

Ĉİ

ĈĮ

čĮěúØ

ĩĞ

àğī

ĽÎ

ĩĞø

yİ

Ĩ§

čď

Ě__________________Ĕ

end

.áÎ

ĩĞī

|ðĔ|čĨ______________ĢĦğīĤĔ

begin

4. New vocabulary: (R: S1-6-3)

1. ¤

čĩ

Óčġû¾

Å Ě

Òİ

č{

ÇĩĤ

Ĥøĥ|ðĉĨä

Čę

|Ĩo

Īĉ

ĚĦĢĦĥĔ

at first composition short later long

2. īĜûÂ

ĮÞ

č\

ĢÝ

ď

ĉÌ

Čĥñ

ĦĚĪø'Ĩę'úģ#ĮħĪbĢĦĥĔ

door

3. īĜûi

ħ ĕ

čę'ú°

ĈĢ

Į|ðĔ|úĨĖ

ñ Į

ċİ

úøęº

ēî

ĚĦĢðĔ

yard/garden small spacious

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 173

 {ĭÇĩĤïĮ

: The adjective {ĭÇĩĤïĮ is translated “short,” but it may not be used to describe

people’s height. See the next chapter, Stage 1-7, to describe how tall someone is.

 °ĭĈĢïĮ

and

ºĭēîïĮ

: Often translated “narrow” and “wide,” respectively. °ĭĈĢïĮ

means “small in area.”

ėİ

č°

ĈĢ

Į|ðĔ

Japan is small (not spacious).

Likewise, although ºĭēîïĮ often means “wide” or “broad”; it can also mean “spacious.”



Ĥ#

ûÈ

čę'úº

ēî

Į|ðĔ

His room is spacious.

 ðļ ĭħï

and

úīðļ

: “Immediately,” and “soon,” respectively. ħ is optional.

 ÂxĭĤ(Ěï|

: “Family.” With the particle |, the phrase means “the whole family.”

 ĭčďïĮ

: The kanji ĭčďïĮ is used for “fast” while §ĭčďïĮ is used for “early.”

 ĭĂĚï#ËĭĂĚ#Ģðï

: The verb “to be late.” Pay special attention to the particle used here.

ďĢ

ĪĤ

ÅİčĮěúØ

ĩĞ

àğī

ħ

Ă Ě

#ĢðĔ

Yamanaka-san is always late for class.

PRODUCTION

5. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

6. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

4. úīðļó

ĉø



ġī

ĉ¸

ďð

ÇħĪbĢðĔüĤñĨÂ

( Ě

bğ

ġī

ĦĢðĔ

soon break/vacation family travel

5. 

|İ

Ħ Ê

ĉúøę

čď

ĚĪø'Ĩðļħúøę¨

Ûİ

ħĪbĢĦĥĔ

fast immediately convenient

6. Â

ĮÞ

ĉù

ü Į

ĉ Ě

Ĥñq

ęĂ

ĚĪø'Ĩę'úX

Ûİ

ħĪbĢĦĥĔ

far inconvenient

7. W

ģ ğ

ċİ

Ģ|čØ

ĩĞ

àğī

ħĮěú§

čď

ĚĖ

ĢĦĥĉĨĒ

ę Ħ

Ĩ³Ě

Ă Ě

#Ë³īħĪbĢĦĥĔ

be late

1. This composition was short at first, but I made it longer later.

2. Our house is very pretty with new windows and doors.

174 Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1)

7. Make a comment as directed. Then, make a request in order to improve the situation.

Example:

ŢŭŚŭč

ěÓ

ĥĮ|ðċÞĔúøę¡

Čě

ĚĦ'ĚüÅĮĔ

Comment Request

Example: the coffee is cold heat it up

1. very noisy be quiet

2. the composition is boring make it more interesting

3. the garden is small make it more spacious

4. vacation is short make it longer

5. the family trip will be next summer make it this summer

6. the windows and doors are old make them new

8. Express how the situation has changed.

Example:

í]

ĉĖ

ĢĦĥĔüĤñĨ

Åª

ĚĪbĢĦĥĔ

Reason Change

Example: winter has come cold

1. school has begun busy

2. store closed quiet

3. vacation ended get up early

4. train station is closer more convenient

5. from Monday the library will open later more inconvenient

3. Our yard is small, but we will make it bigger next year.

4. School will be on vacation soon. So, our family will take a trip.

5. Trains have gotten faster, so everything quickly became more convenient.

6. We moved farther away from my college, and so things have become quite inconvenient.

7. I always came early to classes last year, but this year, I am often late.

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 175

9. Express how the situation has changed.

Example:

ėİ

ĉÑÚ

ĩğīă

ħĪbĢĦĥĔüĤñĨĬ

ėİ

ĩİ

ęý

čĪ

ĈË³īħĪbĢĦĥĔ

Reason Change

Example: my Japanese improved can converse with Japanese

1. the train will be faster soon will be more convenient

2. the shops will move closer very soon will buy food every day

3. our child’s school will be far away will be very inconvenient

4. our child has grown take family trips often

5. get up very late every morning be late for class every day

10. Role play: Waiter (or waitress) and customer.

First, practice the following example:

Waiter/waitress: Ę

Ī ħ

ħĦĢðĤĔ

You: ŢŭŚŭĨĂ4

ċĉ

ĮĦĢðĔ

Waiter/waitress: (brings the ordered item) čĮĔŢŭŚŭ|ðĔ

You: ġûŢŭŚŭĨČĢb¡

Čě

ĚČbĢĈİċÞĔúøę¡

Čě

ĚĦ'ĚüÅĮĔ

Waiter/waitress: ČøĨðÇĢĈİĔ

Order the following and make comments:

tea; sushi; hamburger; tempura; water; cold drinks; toast; others (anything you can think of).

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-6.4 (1) through (3), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) Years; (2) Months; (3) Dates

1. The counter for years is _________. Use it to count from 1 to 10 years. How do you say “how

many years”?

2. The two calendar systems used in Japan are __________ and __________. Ask what year it is in

both systems.

3. The months from January to December are __________. Ask what month it is.

4. Name the days of the month from the first day to the last. Ask what day it is.

4: Counters

176 Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1)

5. Today’s date, including the year, is __________________.

6. The verb “to be born” is ĎĭīïĢ#ËĭīĢ#Ģðï. State that such-and-such a person was born on

the following date.

Example: May 1, 1972

Č ħ

č£ !kĊtĀ£ĬħĎ

Ģ#ĢĦĥĔ

May 20, 1978 February 24, 1864

September 10, 1382 January 1, 1853

December 25, 1780 March 14, 1949

June 2, 2005 November 9, 1537

April 3, 1425 July 30, 1358

October 5, 1261 August 4, 1136

7. New vocabulary: (R: S1-6-4)

The lists below are official national holidays as well as other festivals in Japan. The purpose is not

to memorize all these names. Rather, use them as needed. This provides good practice for

expressing dates.

ĺáNational holidays

Terms Dates Explanation



ġ Ě



Çİ

û

Ħ Ğ Ě

ĩě

national holidays

ĉİ



ĥİ

January 1 New Year’s day



ĈĮ

ĩİ

ûĬ

January; second Monday Adult’s Day; celebration of adulthood for those

who have turned 20 years old



Äİ



ġ Ě





ċİ

February 11 National Foundation Day; celebration of the country



ĦĞİ

Òİ

ûĬ

around March 21 spring equinox; celebration of nature and the

coming of spring



Ħğī

ûĬ

April 29 Showa Day; in memory of the Showa era,

an era of great changes



Äİ



$ ī





ċİ

May 3 Constitution Day; celebration of the promulgation

of the Constitution

ÇÝbûĬ

May 4 Greenery Day; nature appreciation day

}

Ýú

ûĬ

May 5 Children’s Day, to celebrate their health and

development



īÇ

ûĬ

July; third Monday Marine Day; ocean appreciation day

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 177

Terms Dates Explanation



Ä Į

;

îī

ûĬ

September; third Monday Respect for the Aged Day; day for expressing

appreciation to the elderly

ĦĞī

Òİ

ûĬ

around September 23 autumn equinox; day for paying respects to ancestors

ĥĮ

ĮĚ

ûĬ

October; second Monday Sports Day; sports and health appreciation day

Òİ

ûĬ

November 3 Culture Day; day for promoting cultural activities

ģİ

îī



Ĥİ

ĦÊ

ûĬ

November 23 Labor Day; day for appreciating hardworking people

'İ



ûī

ĥİ

ĩğī

December 23 Emperor’s Birthday; celebrating the birth of the

current emperor Akihito

 ŁŭŜňŬŦŋŭŨ

ù@5¸ĭĂĂĉĥ#İģĞīï

: Several holidays are lined up between April

29 and May 5, which Japanese people call ŁŭŜňŬŦŋŭŨ “Golden Week” or more recently ù@

5¸ĭĂĂĉĥ#İģĞīï, literally, a “major line-up of holidays.” It is common for people to take a

vacation during this time.

 Other festive days

The following days are not national holidays, but they are widely celebrated throughout Japan.

Terms Dates Explanation



Ħğī

ĉě

January (month) generally refers to the first several days of the New Year

Ħİ

ċİ

January (month) same as above

řśŬľőŬ February 14 Valentine’s day; (girls give chocolate or other things to boys)

ēĪĢěb March 3 Doll’s Day; festival celebrating the healthy development of girls

Ńţőšňŭ March 14 White Day (boys give sweets or other things to girls)

ĥĪÙĥ

July 7 Tanabata; based on a legend that a mythical prince and princess who

were separated by the Milky Way are reunited on this day each year



%İ

mid July All Souls’ Days; days to remember ancestors



Ģě

b various the general term for festivals, most often those celebrated in the

summer time

ŨŔŪōŪ December 25 Christmas

ùĬ

ĂĂÇçĤ

December 31 New Year’s Eve



Regional differences: There are great regional differences in Japan regarding what national hol-

idays and festivals are celebrated, as well as when and how they are celebrated.

178 Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1)

s Other useful terms for practicing dates

Kanji Kana English

âĎĬ ĥİĩğīÕ birthday

Ĭ ģċİÕ anniversary

Ó~b ĦÓģb deadline

Many words have been introduced thus far. Most of them are for reference only. The following

words are required: ĀĭĦğīĉěï, ÌĊĭĦİċİï, âĎĬĭĥİĩğīÕï, ŨŔŪōŪ, and Ó~b

ĭĦÓģbï.

PRODUCTION

8. Pair work: Use the national holiday and festival charts above and ask each other the dates of

these events.

Example:

Q: ë

}

Ýú

ûĬ

čĘ

Īİ

ĉě

Īİ

ħĜ

|ðĤĔ

A: 

ĉě



Įě

|ðĔ

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-6.4 (4) through (6), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(4) Age; (5) Duration; (6) Time words with

IĭĢÞïá

and

äĭČęĠï

1. There are two counters for age: one is _________ and the other is ___________. The difference

between the two counters is ___________________.

2. Count from 1 to 10 with the two counters for age. How do you say “how old” in two different

ways?

3. There are two ways to say 20 years old. What are they?

4. The counter for duration of hours is ____________. Count from 1 to 10 with this counter. How

do you say “how many hours”?

5. The counter for duration of weeks is ___________. Count from 1 to 10 with this counter. How do

you say “how many weeks”?

6. The counter for duration of months is __________. Count from 1 to 10 with this counter. How

do you say “how many months”?

7. Review: we use the particle ħ with _________ of time. This particle is not necessary for

__________ of time.

8. What verb is equivalent to “to take” in the following sentence: “it takes 10 minutes”? In what

other situation can you use this verb?

Stage 1-6 (Workbook 1) 179

9. How do you say the following in Japanese?

ĺáI arrived in Japan on the 3rd.

páMy sister was in Japan for 3 days.

sáI arrived in Japan 3 days ago.

/áMy brother arrived in Japan 3 days later.

PRODUCTION

10. Ask the ages of the following individuals and then provide answers. Answer them as if they are

your own family members.

Person Age

1. Park-san’s father 43

2. addressee’s friend’s roommate 20

3. Kato-sensei’s child 4 this year

4. that boy 8 next year

5. the girls over there 10

6. addressee’s friend (open)

7. addressee’s roommate (open)

8. the addressee (open)

11. Pair work: Question-and-answer. Ask the amount of time or money required.

Example:

Q: Â

ĮÞ

Ĥñó

ĉø



ġī

Ģ|

ČË

Į'ÝûļñĮĤĤbĢðĤĔ

A: G

Åİ

ĩĞø

yİ

ļñĮĤĤbĢð

Question Answer

Example: from home to school on foot 30 minutes

1. time required from Tokyo to New York by airplane 12 hours

2. amount of time studying Japanese every day 1 hour and a half

3. money required from your college to your home by train (airplane, bus) (open)

4. time required from your dorm (or house) to the Japanese class 15 minutes

5. amount of time doing homework every day 3 hours

6. any questions to the addressee (time and money) (open)