Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1

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8. Confirm the other’s assumption, as shown in the example below. Emphasize with an adverb.

Example:

äu×-

f

æï'àòüî2

ÐÐôçßµõor ëM

âüçù

óË-

f

ûjfÝÐ2

Ć®

ïðÙ

÷ûv

æà

×t

ðî

æï'àòüî2

ċ äÛ_

î

×i



æï'àòüî2

Ċ äÛĕĥĢĦĒĦ×àÀæï'àòüî2

ĉ äÛo

¨À

×g

Ú+

ðæï'àòüî2

ć äÛ°

Ðû

×ÚàÙÁæï'àòüî2

9. Listen to dialogue (3; Example 2): (R: S1-3-9)

10. Correct the other’s assumption, as shown in the example below. Use the 5 sentences above.

Example:

äu×àÀæï'àòüî2

ûÐ2Ôû÷ûjfÈ2

(4) Confirming with

ÝÐ

11. Listen to dialogue (4): (R: S1-3-10)

12. Express agreement, as shown in the example below.

Example:

äu× £

¥Àî

÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

ÐÐôëMó2üÁó £

¥Àî

÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

Ć äÛf÷×ïà'Ôû÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

ċ äÛ

Ôüñæ

ðÛ

÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

100 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)



à

Kø

âü

×£

¥Àî

÷æï'àòüî2

ĝġěĥKûûÐ2Ø÷ûjf2

ģĦKø

âü

×Ø÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

ĝġěĥKÐÐôëM

âüçù

ó2Ø÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

Ċø

âü

ÛT

×ÚÔü

×üÁó £

¥Àî

÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

ĉ äÛÔ



÷

Øü×ïà't

ðî

æï'àòüÝÐ2

ć Û{

îÙ





ÛÖé

òüòû

×ïà'Èæï'àòüÝÐ2

(5) Avoiding bluntness

13. Listen to dialogue (5): (R: S1-3-11)

14. Express disagreement, as shown in the example below. Use the 5 sentences above.

Example:

äu× £

¥Àî

÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

ùjfî2ïüà'Ø÷æï'àòüñĈĈĈ2

Submit responses on separate sheet.

Part I (R: S1-3-12): Summarize the passages in English.

Part II (R: S1-3-13): Answer the questions in Japanese (write both questions and responses).

Step 3

1. From the very beginning, it is good practice to read sentences aloud that are composed of a mix

of hiragana, katakana, and kanji.

There are many kanji to learn. Reading kanji is easier than writing them, and students should try

to learn as many kanji as possible, even though they are not easily retained. One of the reasons for

this is that there are multiple readings for each kanji, and the context is the most important factor

in figuring out the reading of kanji. Obviously, the more frequently the student practices the easi-

er it becomes.

Writing these kanji at this point is not important unless the student wants to learn them now. If

that is the case, learn one at a time in the proper stroke order and try to write each one as accurately

as possible (it is very important to receive the teacher’s feedback on each kanji). For learning to

write, refer to the Writing Practice Book.

2: Listening

1: Kanji Recognition

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 101

ģĦKø

âü

×Ø÷æï'àòüÝÐ2

ĝġěĥKùjfî2ïüà' £

¥Àî

÷æï'àòüñĈĈĈ2

In the chart below is a group of kanji that students may find useful to learn to read.

Kanji Reading Words Reading Notes

ø ó øë óâü Officially these kanji may be read

ëâü øëóâü

óßýü. But conversationally

óâü is commonly used.

¶ ¬ü øë¶ óâü¬ü The kanji ¶õ¬üË means

“person.”

á Þ øëá óâüÞ The kanji áõÞË means

“language” or “word.”

Ó ×Á Óòàf ×Áòàf The kanji covers only ×Á, and

so the rest must be written in

hiragana.

Ã ªð÷ Ã ªð÷ The pronunciation may be ªðæ÷.

ræ r æ Hiragana is often used for this pronoun.

Ì ûÜ Ììé ûÜÝüòû ÌõûÜË means “one”

ì Ýü Ììé ûÜÝüòû

ìõÝüËåmeans “year”

é òû Ììé ûÜÝüòû

éõòûËåmeans “student”

 ó ìé óÝüòû õóË means “two”

 Øü ìé ØüÝüòû õØüË means “three”

l È lìé ÈÝüòû lõÈË means “four”

¾ ð ¾¼Øü ðÁîØü ¾õðË means “rice field”

¼ Áî ¾¼Øü ðÁîØü

¼õÁîËåmeans “inside” or “middle”

¾ and ¼ are often used in personal names.

 à ¾Øü àÕØü õàËåmeans “mountain”

åis often used in personal names

Æ ÔÔ Æöû ÔÔöû ÆõÔÔË must be supplemented

by hiragana öû. ÆõÔÔË means “big”

 Üû Øû ÜûØû õÜûË must be supplemented

by hiragana Øû. õÜûË means “small”

102 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

2. With 'õ'ñÁË

'õ'ñÁË is the phonetic guide written in hiragana given above kanji. Read the following

sentences aloud with 'õ'ñÁË. Repeat until you can read them fluently.

ĆåÃ

ªð÷

×Ììé

ûÜÝüòû

jf2

ċr

æ

×

ìé

Ýüòû

jf2

Ċ¾

Áî

Øü×ìé

ØüÝüòû

j×ï'àòü2

ĉ

à

Øü×l

ìé

Ýüòû

¬ï'àòü2

ć ĝġěĥØü×ĐĚģđ¶

¬ü

j×ï'àòü2Ĝėģħ¶

¬ü

jf2

ą ĠğØü×ø

âü

ñÓ

×Á

òàf2

Ąø

âü

×Æ

ÔÔ

öæï'àòü2çµ

Üû

Øûjf2

3. Without 'õ'ñÁË

The following sentences are identical to those above, but no 'õ'ñÁË are given. Try read-

ing them aloud, and repeat until the sounds come fluently.

Ć Ã×Ììéjf2

ċ r×ìéjf2

Ċ ¾¼Øü×ìéj×ï'àòü2

ĉ ¾Øü×lìé¬ï'àòü2

ć ĝġěĥØü×ĐĚģđ¶j×ï'àòü2Ĝėģħ¶jf2

ą ĠğØü×øëáñÓòàf2

Ą øë×Æöæï'àòü2çµØûjf2

Read the following (all three) aloud. Repeat until you can read them fluently.

4. With 'õ'ñÁË

Ã

ªð÷

×Ġğjfþ

3: Discourse Practice (Reading)

2: Reading Practice (Sentences)

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 103

ªð÷

×Ġğjô

ìé

Ýüòû

jf2ħĤħØü×Ì

ûÜ

ìé

Ýüòû

jf2ÃµħĤħØüµäÛÆã

Õûñæ

Ûãé

ñæòû

jf2Ã×ø

âü

ç·

îüäæ

ñÓ

×Á

òàfñôħĤħØü×ø

âü

çI

Ðû

ñÓ

×Á

òàf2ħĤħØüµÃµ¼

Üèù

Þæ

ñÓòàòü2

5. With no 'õ'ñÁË

6. In a different font

There are many different fonts in Japanese. The following font is often used in newspapers.

1. Write your introduction following the reading above.

2. Have your instructor indicate the errors.

3. Try to correct these errors first by yourself.

4. Have the instructor check the corrections.

5. Further errors should be discussed with your instructor.

6. Follow the format of the NGBHõÅüäùÈù÷Ë explained below.

 The use of

NGBHõÅüäùÈù÷Ë

Until accustomed to writing Japanese sentences vertically, it is advisable to use a special kind of

paper called NGBHõÅüäùÈù÷Ë, a page of which normally consists of 400 small boxes (20

boxes by 20 boxes). Learning to write sentences and paragraphs using this type of paper will intro-

duce some conventions of Japanese writing and show how to balance character sizes. There are

certain rules for using NGBHõÅüäùÈù÷Ë. See the following:

 The first line should be used to write the title of the piece. Leave three or four blank boxes, then

write the title between quotation marks;

 The second line should be used to write the writer’s name by leaving one blank box at the bot-

tom. Some writers leave a blank box between the family and given names;

4: Discourse Practice (Writing)

104 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

Ã×Ġğjôìéjf2ħĤħØü×Ììéjf2ÃµħĤħØüµäÛÆãÛãéjf2Ã×øëá

ç·áñÓòàfñôħĤħØü×øëáçIáñÓòàf2ħĤħØüµÃµ¼·áñÓòàòü2

ÃÛew×·jfñôħĤħØüÛew×Ĝėģħjf2·×çµ`ûjfñôĜėģħ×üÁ

ó`æï'àòü2

ÃÛew

÷èß÷ü

×·

îüäæ

jfñôħĤħØüÛew×Ĝėģħjf2·×çµ`

çÔ

ûjfñôĜėģħ×üÁ

ó`æï'àòü2

')*$$&%/./!('$&%"/./!("$&%

'# &#/./!('# &%/./!(""

#  (%

'$&#/./!('+,-/$&%'"$&#+,-/'

( (%

 On the third line, begin the opening paragraph by leaving the first box blank. Every new para-

graph begins on a new line leaving one box blank;

 Do not leave any boxes blank until the end of a paragraph;

 Each punctuation mark and small letter including small ß occupies its own individual box;

 Small letters are written in the upper right half of a box;

 Punctuation is written in the upper right corner of the box;

 The direction of an English comma, “,” is different from a Japanese »õçùüË, which is writ-

ten “ô” regardless of the direction of writing;

 The function of »õçùüË “ô” is different from that of the English comma. It functions as a

divider of phrases or clauses. For instance, when there is a string of kanji that consists of more

than one word, »õçùüË may be used to divide it into word units for the ease of reading.

The use of »õçùüË may differ among writers;

 A new line may not begin with punctuation. So, if the last word of a sentence or a clause hap-

pens to be in the last box of a line, write a õæüË, a small circle, which functions as a peri-

od, or »õçùüË just below the bottom box of that line.

See the example below.

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 105

 Functional words

Word Function Word Function

ÛXõàÐËó conjunction: before that ÛpõïçËj conjunction: after that

ÛõçöËó conjunction: at that time ÕîÙ conjunction: therefore

óÚû particle: about ç particle: with

j particle: instrumental × particle: contrast

Ý particle: confirming

 Conversational devices

Expression Meaning

ùjfî used to acknowledge a question; used to avoid ûûÐ

ïüà' a spoken form of ïà'

 Nouns

Kanji Kana English

^EL îû÷ûü company employee

 û÷ medical doctor

@× spring

7ÁÚ summer

Fïö fall; autumn

Q) winter

— ĘĦęĦ coffee

s ößØü café

Ô ÔÜ tea

o¨À water (cold)

 f÷ sushi

— ĕĥĢĦďõĕĥĢĦĒĦË hamburger steak (hamburger)

«¸m ð¸µÛ food

©¨m Û¨µÛ drink

Summary of Vocabulary

106 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

Kanji Kana English

Oâî other

®³ ÷ü¯ü newspaper

ÒïØ morning

ÏÄü evening

ÒÞ¤ ïØÞ×ü breakfast

aÞ¤ nÞ×ü lunch

ÏÞ¤ ÄüÞ×ü dinner

íûà now

— Ğħčġĥ restaurant (Western-style food)

Ô¦Øü Ô¬ûØü grandfather (someone else’s)

¦  grandfather (one’s own)

Ô¦¡Øü ÔÄïØü grandmother (someone else’s)

¦¡  grandmother (one’s own)

Ô¿Øü ÔóûØü older brother (someone else’s)

¿ïó older brother (one’s own)

Ô¢Øü ÔÝÐØü older sister (someone else’s)

¢ïÝ older sister (one’s own)

Øü ÔçùçØü younger brother (someone else’s)

 Ôçùç younger brother (one’s own)

Øü ûµùçØü younger sister (someone else’s)

 ûµùç younger sister (one’s own)

C §êùö illness

— ĔĞĖ television

 Ôüñæ music

{ îÙ karate

_î key

[ çû watch; clock

v æà car

— Ģħ bus

3×÷ chopsticks

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 107

 Nouns (verbs with

f

)

Kanji Kana English Kanji Kana English

yx uü÷èù practice T ×ÚÔü pronunciation

 Adjectives

Kanji Kana English Kanji Kana English

4û ïÚû hot (non-weather) JDû Ôµ÷\û interesting

gðû Ú+ðû cold (non-weather) ®÷û ïðÙ÷û new

!?÷û Ôû÷û delicious iû û old

?û àÀû not delicious

 Adverbs

Kanji Kana English Kanji Kana English

— µßç more — Øßö a little while ago

± ð¯ü perhaps; probably

 Time adverbs

morning night day week month year semester

every ÊÒ

àûïØ

ÊÏ

àûÄü

Êø

àûóÜ

àû

÷èù

Êú Ñ

àûÚöõàûÅÚË

Êú ì

àûç÷õàûÝüË

àû

ñß

now íÒ

Ø

íÏ

äüÄü

íø

öêù

äü

÷èù

íÑ

äüÅÚ

íì

äç÷

äü

ñß

next Âø

ï÷ð

ÛÒ

ïØ

Âø

ï÷ð

ÛÏ

Äü

Âø

ï÷ð

Ùû

÷èù

ÉÑ

ÙûÅÚ

Éì

ÙûÝü

Ùû

ñß

last ½ø

öÛù

ÛÒ

ïØ

½ø

öÛù

ÛÏ

Äü

½ø

öÛù

òü

÷èù

ÖÑ

òüÅÚ

}ì

öêÝü

òü

ñß

After this section, time adverbs will be found in the list of nouns.

 Verbs

Kanji Kana Polite form



-form English

«¸ ð¸ ð¸àf ð¸ eat

 ¨ ¨àf ¨ see; look; watch

³æ öæ ööàf öû listen; hear

»¥ È¥ È¨àf Èüj read

Óf ×Áf ×Á÷àf ×Á÷ speak

Aæ ïæ ïöàf ïû walk

108 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

 Japanese dishes

Kanji Kana Content

ö föö sukiyaki (prepared in a large hot pot on the table)

SRW üāÙ deep fried dish (see below)

#w Ø÷¨ sliced raw fish

$ Ä buckwheat noodle dishes

— ùkü wheat noodle dishes

&đĎ çüîÚ pork cutlet

— đĞĦġĜħ curry with rice

 îûòö'êù' a set of selected traditional dishes

(from five to nine dishes) arranged and

presented artistically

SRWõüāÙË is considered by many people to be a typical and traditional Japanese food, like

f÷, but SRWõüāÙË was in fact introduced to Japan by the Portuguese in the Edo period. S

RWõüāÙË is comprised of seafood and/or vegetables dipped in batter and then deep fried.

 Martial arts

Kanji Kana Content

b ¬èùkù way of flexibility

"b ükù way of sword

b ïûökù way of “ki” (spirit); use no weapon

b öèùkù way of archery

 fµù traditional wrestling

Supplementary Vocabulary

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 109