Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1
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Stage 1-4 Numbers and Counters
Step 1
c
CONFIRMATION
Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-4.1 (1) and (2), in the Grammar Textbook first.
(1) Native Japanese and Sino-Japanese numbers; (2) Counting from 11 onward
1. Count aloud from 1 to 10 in the native Japanese way until the words come smoothly. Then count
in reverse order, from 10 to 1.
2. Count aloud from 1 to 10 in the Sino-Japanese way until the words come smoothly. Then count
in reverse order, from 10 to 1.
3. Read the following numbers aloud (in both systems).
42931
10 6 8 5 7
4. Count aloud from 10 to 90 in tens until the words come smoothly. Then count in reverse order,
from 90 to 10.
5. Read the following numbers aloud.
14 19 17 25 28 33 32 41 46
59 57 62 64 77 79 86 97 99
6. Count the numbers from 100 to 900 (100, 200, 300 and so on) aloud until the words come
smoothly. Then count in reverse order, from 900 to 100.
7. Read the following numbers aloud.
101 179 256 247 398 315 409 474 509
598 613 668 691 704 794 889 863 987
994 308 694 879 299 487 196 501 728
8. Count the numbers from 1,000 to 9,000 (1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and so on) aloud until the words
come smoothly. Then count in reverse order, from 9,000 to 1,000.
9. Read the following numbers aloud.
1,234 2,984 3,890 4,008 5,908 8,603 7,814
6,812 7,090 8,310 9,804 3,647 1,008 3,049
1: Numbers
10. Count the numbers from 10,000 to 90,000 (10,000, 20,000 and so on) aloud until the words
come fluently. Then count in reverse order, from 90,000 to 10,000.
11. Read the following numbers aloud.
10,900 26,982 30,098 49,087 59,821
69,037 70,002 89,735 98,754 48,379
12. Read the following numbers aloud (optional).
109,600 506,009 987,654 257,901
3,567,412 6,042,809 9,238,451 7,009,003
52,987,432 87,148,341 90,870,230 71,812,090
13. Write down the numbers you hear: (R: S1-4-1)
Number you hear Number you hear
12
34
56
78
910
s
c
CONFIRMATION
Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-4.2 (1) and (2), in the Grammar Textbook first.
(1) What are counters?; (2) Time
14. A counter is __________________________.
15. The counter for the hour is ___________. Count the hours from 1 to 10 and then ask the time
with the interrogative pronoun.
16.The counter for the minutes is __________. Count the minutes from 1 to 10 and then ask the
minutes with the interrogative pronoun.
17. How would you say the following in Japanese?
What time is it now?
Responses:
It’s exactly 2:00; It’s 15 minutes past 3:00; It’s 9:30; It’s 3:00 a.m.; It’s 8:30 p.m.; It’s 10 minutes
to 11:00; It’s about 3:00.
2: Counters
Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1) 111
112 Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1)
18. Insert particles in the parentheses. When no particle is necessary, write an X.
ÿîAt what time will you study Japanese today?
Ûê
åÚç
ìíííÍÔ
áï
Ý
Ü
ìíííÍê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
Ă
Yï
åÚç
âÑæă
D I will study at 10:00.
¶
ܸç
Ý
Ü
ìíííÍ
Yï
åÚç
âÑă
. I will study from 3:00 to 5:00.
Æï
Ý
Ü
ìí í í ;Ý
ßÜ
ìíííÍ
Yï
åÚç
âÑă
/ When will you go to Japan?
ëÉìíííÍê
à
è
ãï
àÇ
ë
åÑæă
0 I will go next year.
Å
Xëï
ìíííÍÇ
ë
åÑă
ü Is today Sunday?
Ûê
åÚç
ìí í í Íê-
àÂÐç
ê
?
½æă
ú How is the weather today?
Ûê
åÚç
ìí í í Í[
Zï
å
Ëç½æă
19. New vocabulary: (R: S1-4-2)
ÅìåÍÑ
vs.
ÇìëÍåÑ
: Although ÅìåÍÑ and ÇìëÍåÑ are most commonly translat-
ed as “to come” and “to go” respectively, the use of these two verbs in Japanese is different from
English. In English, the speaker can use the verb “to come” even when he or she is not at the des-
tination. For instance, in a phone conversation, the speaker may say, “OK. I will come in about an
1. Ô
áï
Ý
Ü
ßàÌÂXàÅ
å
ÑæăÛê
åÚç
ËéāÂXàÇ
ë
åÑäïă
here come there
2. ëÉtÔ
áï
Ý
Ü
ßāÂXà`
É
åÑæă
always arrive
3. »8
ÞëZë
é3
ËÂ
Ý
Ü
ßàË`
É
åѵéÝB
Îåå
éÝ
ÊÜ
ßѽÅ
å
Ñäïă
usually sometimes
4. Àq
½ïâH
ËÔ
áï
Ý
Ü
à¤
½
ÑæăÂÚç¶
ܸç
Ý
Ü
½ă½ËéI
Ç
Ìç
;
å
ËÔ
áï
Ý
Ü
à¤
½
Ñæă
train leave airplane
5. £
âïæïäï
Ë]
¯å
æX¤
½
ÑæăÂX]
¯å
æX¤
½
Ñă
bullet train station over there
Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1) 113
hour” meaning that he or she will arrive at the location of the person spoken to. In Japanese, the
verb ÅìåÍÑ is used to mean “something or someone moves towards the speaker.” In the phone
sentence example, Japanese uses the verb ÇìëÍåÑ rather than ÅìåÍÑ.
ÌÂX
,
āÂX
,
ÂX
: Earlier these pronouns were introduced as personal pronouns, but the exact
same ones may also be used as directional pronouns: as in “this way,” “that way,” and “that way
over there.” This series is also used for locational pronouns: “here,” “there,” and “over there.”
£ìâïæïäïÍ
: A name for the superexpress trains running between major cities in Japan.
PRODUCTION
20.Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this
unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.
21. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been
translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try
checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.
22. Pair work: Question-and-answer.
Question (ask the time) Answer
1. got up this morning 6:30
2. ate breakfast 7:15
3. went to bed last night around midnight
4. usually go to bed around 11:00
5. usually get up in the morning around 7:15
6. the teacher comes to class usually 10 minutes to 9:00
7. the train arrives every day always 5:25 p.m.
8. the airplane departed 8:55 a.m.
9. talked to the teacher yesterday around 3:00 p.m.
10. will go to Kyoto by Shinkansen early in the morning
1. About what time will you come here? I won’t come today.
2. About what time do you always arrive there?
3. I usually arrive around 8:00, but sometimes I don’t come until about 9:00.
4. What time does the train leave? At exactly 10:00. Then, what about the plane?
5. From which station will the Shinkansen leave? From that station over there.
114 Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1)
Question (ask the time) Answer
11. the students arrive at the station always at exactly 10:00 a.m.
12. the students will arrive at school sometimes late
13. will eat lunch will not eat lunch
c
CONFIRMATION
Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-4.2 (3) and (4), in the Grammar Textbook first.
(3) Telephone numbers; (4) Money
1. What is the counter for telephone numbers?
2. How do you ask another person’s telephone number?
3. How do you say the following telephone numbers?
413-542-7919
011-81-3-1234-0987
4. The counter for Japanese currency is ______________ and the counters for dollars and cents are
_________ and ____________.
5. How would you ask the price of something?
6. How would ask the number of yen per dollar?
7. To indicate approximate numbers, you use ___________ (before/after) the numbers.
8. Circle the correct one.
3:00 ìßþĀXëÍ 5,000 ìßþĀXëÍ
100 people ìßþĀXëÍ noon ìßþĀXëÍ
9. New vocabulary: (R: S1-4-3)
1. p
uä
½Ìê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
ĢĞĭĂØ
æ
ëÑâÞăëÊX½âÞæă¾
ß
º¥
Ñï¯ï
½âÞă
store software buy
2. ±
ë|ï
éÒ
Þæ
æÓÞ½ăęĬďĒĮģtÒ
Þæ
æÓÞ½æă
very computer
3. £
âïæïäï
¦
åÓ
¡
ËÃ
à
º
Ñï
¾
ß
¨¥
äï¯ï
½âÞă«æXé[ÉK˾
ß
¨¥
äï¯ï
½ă
ticket change
4. āĪđĬģËëÊX½æăÞ«½ă½téÌQËÞ«½ËKÑäïă
printer free
Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1) 115
±ìë|ïÍ
: This adverb is similar to ÎZt, but the implied meaning differs slightly. An
adjective modified by this adverb, ±ìë|ïÍ, expresses that the reality exceeds the speaker’s
expectation.
āÝ
Î
‘
˱
ë|ï
é
v
뽯ă
That watch is (surprisingly) quite cheap, isn’t it?
The implication of this sentence is that the speaker was surprised that the watch was cheaper than
expected. Such an implication is absent when ÎZt is used.
ĢĞĭ
: ĢĞĭ “software” is derived from ĢĞĭĝĉĊ software.
[ÉK
: òChange” received in a money transaction. Watch out for misunderstanding in the trans-
lation of this word, however. The English word “change” refers to both (1) the difference between
the cost of a product and the amount the buyer has handed over; (2) the smaller denomination in
coins broken up from a bigger denomination. The Japanese [ÉK refers only to (1).
Þ«
: Something that is free of charge is described with the noun Þ«. Examples are: ÌèìãïÍ
ËÞ«½ “This book is free of charge.” ÌQËÞ«èìãïͽ “This is a free book.”
½åÑ
: No one verb in English captures the meaning of this verb. It indicates ability (“be able
to do something”) and possibility (“it is possible to do something”), the choice of which depends
on the context. This verb does not specify any particular verbal meaning, although it can be
inferred.
ěħĝĬÆïË
æX
Z
µ½åÑă
Brown-san knows karate.
đĮÆïËê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
µ½åÑă
Lee-san can speak Japanese.
¢ÀÕì¬ëÞë½ï³Í
: “Cell phone.” Sometimes called ¢ì¬ëÞëÍ, “portable,” for short.
The verb
ÁìâÍÓZëÑ
: A detailed grammatical explanation of this verb will be given in Stage
2-1. Since this verb is used quite often, it is good to know how to use it before learning the gram-
matical details. To say that the topic knows something, the conjunctive form of ÁìâÍL “to know”
and ëL must be used.
®
³Þâ
Ëê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
ĂÁ
â
ÓZ ëÑă
I know Japanese.
For the negative, to say that the speaker does not have knowledge of something, do not use the neg-
ative of the
~ZëLîconstruction.
5. ÌOÇ
@ïÌç
½U
KÚç
:
µ¯
µ½åÑæăÛ
ëÑ
é¼ĜĤËÔ¥
áï¯ï
ĀXë½æă
bank exchange (see below)
6. [ÜÆï¢
¬ëÞë
À
½ï
Õ
³
x
§ïßç
ĂÁ
â
ÓZëÑæă[ÜË¢
¬ëÞë
Ă{
Éæ
ëÑäïă
uncle cell phone (see below) uncle use
7. [§ÆïħĨĪĭĨĪËê
à
è
ãï
äë
½æă[§ËÐÊÁ
â
KÑäïă
aunt lap top (see below) aunt
116 Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1)
*®
³Þâ
Ëê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
ĂÁ
â
ÓZëÑäïă
[intended meaning] I don’t know Japanese.
Use the following construction instead:
®
³Þâ
Ëê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
ĂÁ
â
KÑäïă
I don’t know Japanese.
The meanings of the verbs ±ì³ÍæKÑ and ÁìâÍÓZëÑ are similar to one another, but the
former refers to “the ability to figure things out” and the latter to “having the information.”
êèìàãïäëÍ
: The kanji ìäëÍ used after the name of a country is a suffix indicating
the place of origin of a product. êèìàãïäëÍ is “made in Japan.”
Ìê
à
è
ãï
äë
q
ÊLÑ
Ëm
Âë
Æë½ă
This car, made in Japan, is small, isn’t it?
Family terms
refer to someone refer to one’s own generic address one’s
else’s terms own
uncle [ÜÆï [Ü [ÜÆï [ÜÆï
aunt [§Æï [§ [§Æï [§Æï
PRODUCTION
10. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this
unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.
11. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been
translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try
checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.
12: Pair work: Ask if the addressee knows the following. Respond both positively and negatively,
and add a new piece of information after the negative response.
1. I bought this Japanese language software at that store. How much was it? It was 50,000 yen.
2. It was pretty expensive, wasn’t it? Was the computer also expensive?
3. The Shinkansen ticket was 25,000 yen, so the change is 5,000 yen.
4. How much is the printer? It is free, but this one is not free.
5. Can you exchange money at this bank? What’s the dollar-to-yen exchange rate now?
6. Do you know your uncle’s cell phone number? He does not use a cell phone.
7. Is your aunt’s laptop made in Japan? I’m not sure.
Example: the teacher’s phone number
Q: Ö×
äïäë
À
½ï
Õ
³
x
§ïßç
ĂÁ
â
ÓZëÑæă
A(P): ¯¯éÁ
â
ÓZëÑă
A(N): ëë¯éÁ
â
KÑäïă½téÖ×
äïäë
zs
Ît«Â
À
½ï
Õ
³
x
§ïßç
ĂÁ
â
ÓZëÑă
Questions:
that student’s name; that student’s major; your roommate’s phone number; the name of that soft-
ware.
13: Pair work: Ask if the addressee can do the following. Respond both positively and negatively,
and add a new piece of information after the negative response.
Example: Japanese
Q: ê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
µ½åÑæă
A(P): ¯¯é½åÑă
A(N): ëë¯é½åÑäïă½té
¸ç
N
ßÊ
Ù
ß
µ½åÑă
Questions:
English; karate; Korean; exchange (money) at this bank; your mother, Japanese; your father,
Chinese; your uncle, karate; your aunt, English.
14. Pair work: Ask the price of the following and give the price written below. You can then make
a comment concerning the price.
Thing Price
1. this computer (use imperfective) 1,204.59
2. Japanese software (use perfective) about 43,000
3. aunt’s cell phone (use perfective) 36,000
4. uncle’s plane ticket (use perfective) free
5. this small printer (use imperfective) 420.00
6. Japanese car (use perfective) about 17,000
7. the ticket for the Shinkansen (use imperfective) 38,800
8. lunch at college 7.50
9. breakfast 500
10. dinner 9,500
11. ask the exchange rate (one dollar to yen) about 118
12. ask the price of things you choose
Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1) 117
118 Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1)
c
CONFIRMATION
Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-4.2 (5) through (8), in the Grammar Textbook first.
(5) People; (6) Things generically; (7) Long things and bound things;
(8) Flat things and pages
1. The counter for people is __________. Count people from 1 to 10. How do you say “how many”
with this counter?
2. The counter for general things and abstract things is __________. Count general or abstract
things from 1 to 10. How do you say “how many” with this counter?
3. Give examples of things that take this counter.
General things: ____________________________
Abstract things: ____________________________
4. The counter for bound printed matter is ___________. Count books from 1 to 10. How do you
say “how many” with this counter?
5. Give examples of things that take this counter.
6. The counter for long objects is __________. Count a long object from 1 to 10. How do you say
“how many” with this counter?
7. Give examples of things that take this counter.
8. The counter for flat objects is __________. Count a flat object from 1 to 10. How do you say “how
many” with this counter?
9. Give examples of things that take this counter.
10. The counter for the specific page number or the number of pages is _________. Count page
numbers from 1 to 10. How do you say “how many” with this counter?
s
c
CONFIRMATION
Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-4.3 (1) through (4), in the Grammar Textbook first.
(1) Adverbial use; (2) Adjectival use; (3) Joining more than one number; (4) The use of
É
11. Add the number indicated for each sentence in the following.
Example:
©ê
åç
éĕĬġĮčĮĂ·
Þ
YÑâÞăì2Í
©ê
åç
éĕĬġĮčĮĂÃ
}Þ
É·
Þ
YÑâÞă
ÿÛ
®
éè
ãï
ĂÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăì15 pagesÍ
D®
³Þâ
Ëê
âÞ
ée
â
\
•
µKÑăì2Í
3: Using Numbers in Sentences
.Ö
äï
b
â¸ç
éĩĬĂØ
æ
ëÑâÞăì6Í
/ £
âïæïäï
¦
åÓ
¡
ĂØëÑâÞăì4Í
0ê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
Ï×
µÊäë
µÌÂXàÅ
å
ÑâÞăì25Í
üÖ
äï
Ï
µÓ
<
å
éê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
è
ãï
ĂÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăì3 booksÍ
12. Circle the correct response and explain why.
ÿ Ìè
ãï
ĂÔ
áï
ĩĮīÈ
Ð
uÑâÞæă
ì¾
ß
ĩĮīÈ
Ð
uÑâÞă¾
ß
ĩĮīĂÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăÍ
D Ìè
ãï
Ô
áï
ĩĮīĂÈ
Ð
uÑâÞæă
ì¾ĩĮīÈ
Ð
uÑâÞă¾
ß
ĩĮīĂÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăÍ
13. Make comments on the specific number indicated in the parentheses. The noun modified by
the number should be the topic of each sentence. Practice with and without modified noun.
Example:
©ê
åç
éĩĬĂ¾
ß
è
ãï
éØ
æ
ëÑâÞăì2 pens; expensiveÍ
Ã
à
è
ãï
ìĩĬÍËÎZtÒ
Þæ
æÓÞ½ă
ÿ©ê
åç
é7
AÊ
P
çÂ
àzs
Ît«Â
µ´
Æïàï
éÅ
å
ÑâÞăì2 friends; girlsÍ
D £
âïæïäï
¦
åÓ
¡
Ăwª
ÐïÑë
éØ
æ
ëÑâÞăì3 tickets; uncle’sÍ
.i
Ì
,
t
µ´
Êàï
éÂX½è
ãï
ĂÈ
Ð
ï½ëÑăì2 children; our childrenÍ
/
åÚï
éè
ãï
Ăn°
ááÆÉ
éÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăì1 book; Japanese homeworkÍ
0Û
Ì
Îâ
é¢
¬ëÞë
À
½ï
Õ
³
ĂÃ
}Þ
ÉØ
æ
ëÑăì1 cell phone; my grandmother’sÍ
14. Combine the following two sentences into one.
Example:
ĩĬĂÃ
à
è
ãï
éØ
æ
ëÑâÞăè
ãï
Ă¼°
ëÓÆÉ
éØ
æ
ëÑâÞă
ĩĬĂÃ
à
è
ãï
Îè
ãï
Ă¼°
ëÓÆÉ
éØ
æ
ëÑâÞă
ÿ ¯ïöÉĂ¾
ß
è
ãï
é{
Éæ
ëÑâÞăê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
è
ãï
Ă°
ÆïÆÉ
é{
Éæ
ëÑâÞă
DÀq
½ïâH
¦
åÓ
¡
ĂÃ
à
ª
Ñë
éØ
æ
ëÑâÞăġĦ¦
åÓ
¡
˶
ܸç
ª
Ñë
éØ
æ
ëÑâÞă
.
[ÎÌ
Ï×
µÊäë
µ´
Æïàï
éÅ
å
ÑâÞă
[ïá
Ï×
µÊäë
ËÃ
à
¶
ܸç
´
àï
éÅ
å
ÑâÞă
/ê
à
è
ãï
Ù
ß
è
ãï
Ă¼°
ëÓÆÉ
éÈ
Ð
uÑâÞă
¸ç
N
ßÊ
Ù
ß
è
ãï
t¼°
ëÓÆÉ
éÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăìuse ÉÍ
0 Ìè
ãï
Ăw
Ðï
ĩĮīÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăāè
ãï
tw
Ðï
ĩĮīÈ
Ð
uÑâÞăìuse ÉÍ
Stage 1-4 (Workbook 1) 119