Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1

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5. New vocabulary: (R: S1-3-1)



Family terms

refer to someone refer to one’s own generic terms address one’s

else’s own

grandfather Ô¬ûØü ¦







Ô¬ûØüĈõÞË0

\ù

¬ü

Ô¬ûØü

grandmother ÔÄïØü ¦





ÔÄïØüĈõÞË0

\ù

¬ü

ÔÄïØü

 Þ0¶õ\ù¬üË

: “Elderly person.” Þåis an honorific prefix.

 Ôõû÷ËØü

: “Medical doctor.” When referring to a particular doctor or using as a term of

respect, add the honorific prefix Ô and add Øü, just as you would for a personal name.

 ãÎõñßöË

: “Semester.” Some expressions using this word are as follows:

English Japanese English Japanese

this semester í

äü

ñß

next semester É

Ùû

ñß

last semester Ö

òü

ñß

fall semester F

ïö

ñß

spring semester @

×

ñß

first semester or Ì

ûÜ

ñß

one semester

second semester or 

ñß

third semester or 

Øü

ñß

two semesters three semesters

 Cõ§êùöË

: This word for “illness” is descriptive, but it is a noun rather than an adjectival

noun like PõÅüöË. The particle must therefore be used with caution.

§êù



Ûãé

ñæòû

a sick student P

Åü



Áãé

ñæòû

a healthy/energetic student

80 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

1. ½ø

öÛù

×:

Èù

j÷ðî2ûûÐô:

Èù

¬ï'àòüj÷ð2ø

óÜ

Èù

j÷ð2

yesterday

2. Ô¬ûØü×Öé

òüòû

j÷ðî2ûûÐ2¦



×^EL

îû÷ûü

j÷ð2

grandfather grandfather company employee

3. ÔÄïØü×Ô



÷

Øüj÷ðî2¦¡



×



÷

j×ï'àòüj÷ð2

grandmother medical doctor grandmother

4. Öã

òüñß

ôïÛ

¬è

êù

×VU

îüðü

j÷ð2jµôíã

äüñß

×çµ £

¥Àî

÷ûjf2

last semester this semester

5. }ì

öêÝü

ôùÜÛ¦¡



×C

§êù



j÷ð2jµôíì

äç÷

×çµP

Åü



jf2

last year sick this year

PRODUCTION

6. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

7. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

8. Pair work: Question-and-answer. Answer with negatives. Use appropriate adverbs and give addi-

tional information, if possible.

Example: Ask if the teacher was kind yesterday

Q: ½ø

öÛù

ôÖé

òüòû

×ZY

÷üòÚ

j÷ðî2

A: ûûÐôïà'ZY

÷üòÚ

¬ï'àòüj÷ð2jµôíø

öêù

×ZY

÷üòÚ

jf2

Ask if:

Ć so-and-so’s roommate was kind yesterday

ċ Yamada-san was a junior last year

Ċ the class was easy this semester

ĉ the addressee’s grandfather was sick

ć it was Sunday yesterday

9. Pair work: Question-and-answer. Answer with negatives. Use appropriate adverbs and give addi-

tional information, if possible.

Example: Ask if Li-san’s grandmother was a doctor

Q: ģĦØüÛÔÄïØü×Ô



÷

Øüj÷ðî2

A: ûûÐô¦¡



×



÷

j×ï'àòüj÷ð2Öé

òüòû

j÷ð2

Ask if:

Ć the addressee’s mother was a company employee

ċ the teacher was healthy last semester

Ċ it was Sunday yesterday

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 81

1. Was it Saturday yesterday? No, it was not Saturday. It was Sunday.

2. Was your grandfather a teacher? No. My grandfather was a company employee.

3. Was your grandmother a medical doctor? No, my grandmother was not a doctor.

4. That class was easy last semester. But it is very hard this semester.

5. Our grandmother was sick last year. But she is very healthy this year.

ĉ Smith-san was a senior last year

ć Tanaka-san was a good student this year

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-3.1(4), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(4) Aspects of adjectival predicates

1. Change the following sentences according to the aspect indicated on the left. Do this orally until

the sounds come fluently.

Imperfective t|

äùäù

×Æ

ÔÔ

öûjf2 äÛÆã

Õûñæ

×ûûjf2

Positive

Imperfective

Negative

Perfective

Positive

Perfective

Negative

2. New vocabulary: (R: S1-3-2)

 ĕĥĢĦď

: This is a “hamburger steak,” in contrast to the (sandwich-like) “hamburger,” which

is ĕĥĢĦĒĦ.

 ûû

and

Ôû÷û

: “Goodness” in the quality of things and/or events is described using ûû.

There is a separate adjective for tastiness of food: Ôû÷û.

82 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

1. ø

âü

Û@

×

×kùj÷ðî2;

ïðð

îîßðjf2F

ïö

×.

fÀ

÷îßðjf2

spring autumn

2. íì

äç÷

ÛĜėģħÛ7

ÁÚ

×

ïÚ

îßðjf2Q

)

×kùj÷ðî2

summer winter

3. ïÛ

öß



ü

ÛĘĦęĦ×4

ïÚ

æï'àòüj÷ð2

café coffee hot

4. ïÛĕĥĢĦď×Ôû÷îßðjfî2ûûÐôçµàÀîßðjf2

hamburger delicious bad-tasting

5. ïÛ«

÷êæ

kù

Û«

¸m

µÛ

×kùj÷ðî2f÷×Ôû÷îßðjf2

food sushi

6. Ô

Ü

×g

Ú+

ðîßðjf2O

âî

Û©

¨m

µÛ

×kùj÷ðî2

tea cold other drink



 õªËû

and

àÀû

: “Badness” in the quality of things and/or events is õªËû, and bad

taste of things is àÀû.

 f÷

: Vinegar-based, flavored rice, either topped with fish (typically raw) or mixed with various

vegetables. f÷ is made in many different forms.

 *õØ¥Ëû

and

gõÚ+Ëðû

: As pointed out in Stage 1-1, *õØ¥Ëû is used only for weather. If

you want to say that something is cold, such as your drink, use gõÚ+Ëðû. gõÚ+Ëðû can be

used to describe a person, as in “a cold person.”

PRODUCTION

3. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

4. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

5. Pair work: Question-and-answer. Answer with positive and negative predicates.

Example:

Q: }ì

öêÝü

ÛQ

)

×kùj÷ðî2

A(P): çµ*

Ø¥

îßðjf2

A(N): 91

]ü]ü

ô;

ïðð

îæï'àòüj÷ð2

Question with

kùj÷ðî

Positive Negative

Example: winter; last year very cold not warm at all

1. summer in Japan; this year really hot not cool at all

2. tea at that café cold not hot at all

3. Japanese class; last semester boring not much fun

4. hamburger at that restaurant bad not very good

5. food in the dining hall at your college good not that bad

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 83

1. How was the spring in Japan? It was warm. The fall was cool.

2. The summer in England this year was hot. How was the winter?

3. That coffee at that café was not hot.

4. Was that hamburger good? No, it was very bad.

5. How was the food at that restaurant? The sushi was good.

6. The tea was cold. How were the other drinks?

Question with

kùj÷ðî

Positive Negative

6. autumn in Kyoto; this year warm not that cool

7. spring in China; last year cool not very warm

8. coffee at the dining room (open) (open)

9. drinks at that café (open) (open)

10. sushi at my house (open) (open)

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-3.1(5), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(5) Aspects of verbal predicates

1. Change the following sentences according to the aspects indicated on the left. Repeat until the

sounds come fluently.

Imperfective r

æ

×º

¸ü

öêù

÷àf2 =

îÛ¬ê

×ĚĦēČ

öàf2

Positive

Imperfective

Negative

Perfective

Positive

Perfective

Negative

2. New vocabulary: (R: S1-3-3)

84 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

1. Ò

ïØ

Þ¤

×ü

Č«

¸à÷ðî2ÐÐôØßö«

¸à÷ð2

breakfast eat a little while ago

2. íÒ

Ø

ôĘĦęĦČ©

¨à÷ðî2ûûÐôo

¨À

Č©

¨à÷ð2

this morning drink water (cold)

3. ½ø

öÛù

ÛÏ

Äü

ô°

Ðû

Č

à÷ðî2

àòüj÷ð2jµôíÏ

äüÄü

ôåĔĞĖČ

àf2

night watch tonight TV

4. ûÚø

âü

Û

Ôüñæ

Č³

öà÷ðî2íÒ

Ø

ô³

öà÷ð2

music listen

5. íì

äç÷

ôãé

ñæòû

×ø

âü

Û®³

÷ü¯ü

Č»

¨à÷ðî2ûûÐ2jµôÉì

ÙûÝü

ô»

¨àf2

newspaper read next year

6. íø

öêù

ôÖé

òüòû

óÓ

×Á

÷à÷ðî2ûûÐôÓ

×Á

÷àòüj÷ð2Âø

ï÷ð

ôÓ

×Á

÷àf2

speak



Three meals: Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are expressed by the combination of the time of day,

ÒõïØË “morning,” aõnË “noon,” and ÏõÄüË “evening,” and Þ¤õ×üË “rice” (which repre-

sents “meal”). ÒÞ¤õïØÞ×üË “breakfast,” aÞ¤õnÞ×üË “lunch,” and ÏÞ¤õÄüÞ×üË

“dinner.” õÈË is used for “night.” See Stage 2-5 in Workbook 2.

 oõ¨ÀË

: Refers only to cold (not necessarily iced) “water.” “Hot water” is õ)Ë.

 õ¨Ëàf

: “To see,” “to watch,” or “to look.” õ¨Ëàf indicates visually seeing things, but it

does not refer to meeting people, as in English (e.g., “I will see my parents on the weekend.”). For

seeing (and interacting with) people, use the verb ^õïËûàf, the use of which is explained in

Stage 1-6.



Time adverbs: See the following chart for time adverbs. Not everything in the chart was intro-

duced in this section, but knowing their regular features makes it easier to learn these words:

morning night day year

every ÊÒ

àûïØ

ÊÏ

àûÄü

Êø

àûóÜ

Êì

àûÝüõàûç÷Ë

this íÒ

Ø

íÏ

äüÄü

íø

öêù

íì

äç÷

next Âø

ï÷ð

ÛÒ

ïØ

Âø

ï÷ð

ÛÏ

Äü

Âø

ï÷ð

Éì

ÙûÝü

last ½ø

öÛù

ÛÒ

ïØ

½ø

öÛù

ÛÏ

Äü

½ø

öÛù

}ì

öêÝü

PRODUCTION

3. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

4. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

5. Pair work: Question-and-answer. Respond negatively and add a future plan with a suggested

adverb. Join the negative response and future plan with the conjunction jµ.

Example:

Q: ½ø

öÛù

ôº

¸ü

öêù

÷à÷ðî2

A: ûûÐô÷àòüj÷ð2jµôÂø

ï÷ð

÷àf2

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 85

1. Did you eat breakfast? Yes, I did a little while ago.

2. Did you drink coffee this morning? No, I had water.

3. Did you watch the movie last night? I didn’t, but I will watch TV tonight.

4. When did you listen to Japanese music? I listened to it this morning.

5. Did the students read Japanese newspapers this year? No, but they will next year.

6. Did you speak to your teacher today? No, I didn’t. I will speak to her tomorrow.

Question with positive perfective Future plan

(use a time adverb)

Example: yesterday; studied tomorrow

1. last night; watched a Japanese movie tonight

2. yesterday; read this newspaper today

3. today; ate sushi tomorrow night

4. a little while ago; drank another bottle of water tonight

5. tonight; wrote e-mail to the teacher Saturday night

6. yesterday; listened to Japanese music this morning

7. Friday; spoke to your father Sunday morning

8. Monday night; watched TV Wednesday night

9. this morning; had breakfast tomorrow morning

10. last year; studied Chinese next year

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-3.2 (1), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) Continuous aspect

1. What are the two meanings of the following sentence?

çµ

ðÛ

÷ûë

âü

Č»

üjûàf2

2. As the Grammar Textbook explains, there are rules for making the conjunctive forms, also called

the -forms, from the base forms (see Stage 1-9). In this chapter, the conjunctive forms of the

verbs that were introduced up to this point are given below, without, however, going into too

much detail about these rules.

All verbs have conjunctive forms, but not all conjunctive forms can be used for the continuous

aspect. Kanji are not used in the following chart for ease of reading.

Remember that the following rules are not complete. If you want to see the complete set of rules,

see Stages 1-8 and 1-9.



The last hiragana of the base form (for now, use the dictionary form) is what changes.

2: Other Aspects

86 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)



For verbs with the last syllable



, when the syllable before



contains the vowels i or e: Change





Base Polite



-form English

form form

ð¸ ð¸àf ð¸ eat

¨ ¨àf ¨ see; look; watch

Ý Ýàf Ý go to bed; sleep

Ôö Ôöàf Ôö get up; be awake

×Áò ×Áòàf ×Áò be able to speak



For verbs with the last syllable



, when the syllable before



contains vowels other than i or e:

Change



ß

Base Polite



-form English

form form

ï ï'àf ïß have

ªî ªî'àf ªîß understand

*îÐ îÐ'àf îÐß return

*(noun) f (noun) ÷àf (noun) ÷ do

* exception (see Stages 1-8 and 1-9 for explanation).



When the last hiragana is other than



: the last syllable changes in different ways depending on

the last hiragana, as follows.

Base Polite



-form English

form form

When the last È¥ È¨àf Èüj read

hiragana is

Û¥ Û¨àf Ûüj drink

When the last ×Áf ×Á÷àf ×Á÷ speak

hiragana is

When the last îæ îöàf îû write

hiragana is

öæ ööàf öû listen; hear

Exception ûæ ûöàf ûß go

3. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the dictionary and the -forms

of the above verbs.

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 87

4. Change each sentence into one with the continuous aspect after the conjunction jµ. íõûàË

is a time adverb that means “right now.”

Example:

½ø

öÛù

ôº

¸ü

öêù

÷àòüj÷ð2jµôí

ûà

ôº

¸ü

öêù

÷ûàf2

ĆíÏ

äüÄü

ô®³

÷ü¯ü

Č»

¨àòüj÷ð2jµôõúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúË2

ċíÒ

Ø

ôo

¨À

Č©

¨àòüj÷ð2jµôõúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúË2

Ċ½ø

öÛù

ô¡

××

óĚĦēČ

öàòüj÷ð2jµôõúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúË2

ĉ}ì

öêÝü

ôäÛĔĞĖČ

àòüj÷ð2jµôõúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúË2

ć´

öüÈù

ô 

ùükù

÷àòüj÷ð2jµôõúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúË2

ąíø

öêù

ô

ÜÜ

çÓ

×Á

÷àòüj÷ð2jµôõúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúË2

5. New vocabulary: (R: S1-3-4)



Time adverbs

week month Monday (or other days)*

every Ê

àû

÷èù

ÊÑ

àûÚöõàûÅÚË

àû

÷èù

ÛÑ´

ÅÚÈù

this í

äü

÷èù

íÑ

äüÅÚ

äü

÷èù

ÛÑ´

ÅÚÈù

next É

Ùû

÷èù

ÉÑ

ÙûÅÚ

Ùû

÷èù

ÛÑ´

ÅÚÈù

last Ö

òü

÷èù

ÖÑ

òüÅÚ

òü

÷èù

ÛÑ´

ÅÚÈù

* ÊÑ´øõàûÅÚÈù§Ë, íÑ´øõäüÅÚÈù§Ë, ÉÑ´øõÙûÅÚÈù§Ë, or ÖÑ´øõòü

ÅÚÈù§Ë are not used.

88 Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1)

1. Ö

òü

÷èù

ôø

âü

Û

÷èæ

Õû

Č÷àòüj÷ð2jµôí

äü

÷èù

ô÷ûàf2

last week this week

2. ÖÑ

òüÅÚ

ô91

]ü]ü

ôë

âü

Č»

¨àòüj÷ð2jµôíÑ

äüÅÚ

×JD

Ôµ÷\

ûë

âü

Č»

üjûàf2

last month this month interesting

3. Ê

àû

÷èù

ÛÑ´

ÅÚÈù

ô{

îÙ





Ûy

uü

÷èù

Č÷ûàf2jµôÉ

Ùû

÷èù

×÷àòü2

every week karate practice next week

4. ÊÑ

àûÚö

ôø

âü

Ûhc

çµÕÜ

ód

jü

÷ûàf2jµôÉÑ

ÙûÅÚ

×÷àòü2

every month next month

5. í

ûà

ô6

Áó

Č÷ûàfî2ø

âü

ÛT

×ÚÔü

Ûy

uü

÷èù

Č÷ûàf2

now pronunciation

6. í

äü

ñß

ôø

âü

Čº

¸ü

öêù

÷ûàf2jµôÉ

Ùû

ñß

×¼

Üèù

Þæ

Čº

¸ü

öêù

÷àf2

next semester

PRODUCTION

6. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

7. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

8. Pair work: Question-and-answer.

Example:

Q: í

äü

ñß

ô6

Áó

Čº

å¸ü

öêù

÷ûàfî2

A: ø

âü

ç{

îÙ





Čº

å¸ü

öêù

÷ûàf2

Information-seeking question Answer

Example: this semester; what; studying Japanese and karate

1. this month; what; reading an interesting book on karate

2. this week; what; practicing kanji and pronunciation of Japanese

3. this year; when; exercising every Monday

4. now; what; drinking hot tea

5. now; what; eating delicious hamburger

6. now; what; doing watching TV

7. now; to whom; writing e-mail not writing; wrote last week

8. now; with whom; reading a newspaper with my roommate

9. now; with whom; practicing Japanese not practicing; I did last night

10. now; to whom; calling a friend in Japan

Stage 1-3 (Workbook 1) 89

1. I did not do my Japanese homework last week. But I have been doing it this week.

I did not read any books at all last month. But I have been reading an interesting book this month.

3. I have been practicing karate every Monday. But I will not next week.

4. I have been making a call to my friend in Japan every month, but I won’t next month.

5. What are you doing now? I am practicing Japanese pronunciation.

6. I have been studying Japanese this semester, but I will study Chinese next semester.