Suk-in Chang. Modern Conversational Korean

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

310

Modern

Conversational

Korean

Note

207.

7\?fr

adverb

most,

—est;

to

the

utmost;

to

the

greatest

degree

s

7\)

The

superlative

7}*$-

modifies

descriptive

verbs,

noun

modifiers,

and

adverbs.

M-)

7\7$r

has

nearly

the

same

meaning

as*fl

°i.

t+)

In

Korean

there

is

no

suffix

such

as

the

English

—est

to

express

superlative

or

comparative

degree.

7}^-

or

A

°£

is

used

to

express

the

superlative.

Examples:

-S-jL7]7V

7}&

^°}£-.

Pulgogi

is

the

very

best.

°j

°]

A

7\*&

o] &\

^)^_.

English

is

the

most

difficult.

Today

seems

to

be

the

coldest

day.

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

•f-aL4to

be

blue;

to

be

green

7$

^

(31

*£)

the

shell

(of

an

egg)

language

^^^1-

a

teakettle

earth

S^

to

boil

J^f

to

be

wet

^^

a

nap

-4

a

plate

l.

2.7}

:

^^-o]

n-cf/^i^«i-cf

s

:

l)

*oi

i4/*4

2)

^

3)

»]7

2

.

.

JL7l

I

3L^=2l

*i*|

S

:

1)

Jfi^d^

^

2)

*^5]

^^

3)

3.

jL7i

:

4^/7He/**

31*M4

s

:

1)

^^/*7l/^o]

^4

2)

3)

*MI/-g-/«*

Lesson

84

311

4.

1)

t}-§-

.2.4/#4

3)

S,

S2

Si

S2

2)

-S-

»l

4/4**1-4

2)

3)

5.

Study

the

example

and

1),

2),

and

3),

then

carry

on

a

conversation

using

W-fe7

s

3J

^^f

.

S,

S2

S,

S2

S,

S2

312

85.

<&&

^

H^]

*l^

Exercises

And

Reading

1.

Join

the

pairs

of

sentences

below

using

-t-^1

or

*}£..

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

2.

Complete

the

answers

to

the

questions

below.

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

yjMi^

()

ti

^.

11)

1

12)

13)

^°A

*]?}

14)

15)

Lesson

85

313

3.

Read

the

paragraphs

below

and

then

answer

the

questions.

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

'S

SU-

314

86.

^

-I-

Winter

The

conversation

turns

to

Korea's

three

days

of

cold

and

four

days

of

warm

weather.

suddenly

to

be

cold.

!

The

weather's

suddenly

turned

coldl

below

zero,

sub-zero

degree

(temperature)

contraction

of

b\-jl

sfl_a.

(Note

208)

They

say

it's

to

be

minus

18°C

to

morrow.

but

even

so

(Note

209)

to

compare

(Note

210)

less

to

be

on

the

side

of

(Note

211)

Even

so,

compared

with

last

year,

it

doesn't

seem

cold.

cold

weather

turns

warm

From

the

day

after

tomorrow

it's

sup

posed

to

warm

up

a

bit.

Grammar

Notes

Note

208.

noun

+

(6])efl-2_

indirect

quotation

is

called.

. .

A)

The

indirect

quotation

was

studied

in

Lessons

52

and

77,

where

noun

+

(°D

b}-5L-5\k\

and

AVS

+

i-

/^^-JL^l-tf

were

studied.

The

Lesson

86

315

present

lesson

presents

the

contractions

of

these

two

forms:

noun

+

(<^1)5^jl

«Vcf

becomes

n+(<>l)ej|.a-

and

AVS

+

^/t^jL^cf

becomes

AVS

+

*-/^r

*%&..

M-)

This

contraction

is

usually

used

when

one

quotes

a

third

person.

It

is

not

used

with

the

first

or

second

persons.

Examples:

Q:

jz-g-g-

^o).cf

o^

v]

^Vtfl.a.?

Where

do

they

say

he

goes

every

day?

A:

^

^8

°1

-3--S-&-

^A^

Mr.

Kim

says

that

he

goes

to

school

every

day.

Q:

°j

^-A

fl

AS-

?

What

did

Yong-su

say?

A:

*J-JiZ.cHl

^V^fl-S-.

He

said

he's

going

to school.

What

did

he

say?

A:

A

*\A

1

^1

°ti

tt1

Ht^fl-S-.

He

said

the

train

leaves

at

one

o'clock.

Q:

j?]

Efl^.

?

What

do

people

call

that

(or,

what

is

that

called)?

A:

*q

°1

eH-B..

It

is

called

a

book

(or,

they

call

it

a

book).

When

one

quotes

himself

the

past

tense

insert

is

always

added.

Examples:

Q:

7A

AAA$^,

-T-^t^l

-t-71"

^r#

Km1?

whom

did

you

say

is

going

^Viq]^.?

to

Pusan?

A:

*fl

A

^i-^o^

JL.

I

said

I'm

going.

Note

209.

^2-eflJE-

conjunction

but

even

so,

even

though,

even

if.

. .

A)

VS

+

°}/°]/ol

5-

has

been

studied

in

Lesson

83.

3L&ft5-

is

a

con

traction

of

-IL^Til^H^-.

*+)

This

contraction

is

used

between

sentences.

Examples:

^V^-ty-o]

o-]^^|_a_.

jxsfli.

Korean

is

difficult.

But

even

so,

I'm

wti-T-2M-2-.

going

to

learn

it.

3-7]

3JM

til^-M^-.

^.efl^-

The

price

of

meat

is

high.

But

even

-43Jl<H-3L.

so,

I'm

going

to

buy

some.

Note

210.

noun

°\]

til^x-)

pattern

compared

with

7\)

a]

siH

sometimes

has

the

additional

syllable

&-,

that

is

«

316

Modern

Conversational

Korean

The

meaning

is

the

same

as

*]

sM

.

uf)

*]-s}t£

is

sometimes

substituted

for

a]*}W

.

Occasionally

the

-*)

is

dropped

and

only

*]

sfl

is

used.

Examples:

^j.^-

-%-*)£.

a\<#

-§-^]ofl

Compared

with

western

food,

u]

s]]^

og

jl

^iL.

Korean

food

is

hot

and

salty.

o]

^o\

jl

*$6\]

*]tf\A]

This

book

is

interesting

compared

*fl

n]

°j

o-]

_a..

with

that

book.

Note

211.

DVS

+

i-/-8r

3i°l4

pattern

on

the

side

of,

takes

ones

side,

AVS

+

-fe-

3£°]

e+

stands

by

(one)

VS+

^<=>]^

may

be

used

with

descriptive

verbs,

active

verbs,

and

nouns.

The

noun

^

is

a

word

in

its

own

right.

It

means

a

side,

a

party.

It

may

be

part

of

a

compound

noun

such

as

-t-^^

(our

side),

JL-^d

(right

side),

*|

3i

(this

side),

*1

3i

(the

other

side).

When

—

3go]

14

is

preceded

by

the

modifier

form

of

a

description

verb,

the

tense

of

^l

i=f

may

be

past

or

present

but

almost

never

future.

Examples

Korean

food

tends

to

be

salty.

Korean

is

on

the

difficult

side.

My

house

is

rather

large.

He

was

rather

lazy.

Habitual

behavior

is

indicated

by

AVS

+-fc-

+

Jg<>|

cf.

Examples:

Q:

OJ^!

^-t-4-S-

?

Do

you

go

to

bed

early?

A:

°fl,

^^!

^V^

^^HI-Sl.

Yes,

I

go

to

bed

rather

early.

Q:

*^-

^-^-1:

^

u-i<H-S-

?

Do

you

enjoy

Korean

food?

A:

«fl,

^

^-fe-

^^Hl-^-.

Yes,

I

enjoy

Korean

food.

A

single

or

repeated

action

in

the

past

which

is

not

habitual

may

be

expressed

by

AVS

+

W*

*

°

I

*+.

Examples:

Q:

oJl^-i-

«fl

iHHb

^

SW-3-? Did

you

get

good

grades

when

you

were

young?

A:

<^|,

^g-

^t

^I^M-SL

Yes,

I

did

quite

well.

Lesson

86

317

Q:

A:

<A],

below.

Examples:

Q:

A:

Did

you

attend

church

regularly?

i+\l

3ijo|cHl^..

Yes,

I

attended

regularly,

is

frequently

used

with

*1*N>M

as

given

in

the

examples

A:

How

are

department

store

prices

compared

with

the

market?

The

market

is

inexpensive

com

pared

with

department

stores.

Do

you

like

hot

food?

Compared

to

other

Americans,

I

like

spicy

food very

much.

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

the

director

to

cut;

shave

to

continue

the

rainy

season

wash

1.

JL71

:

1)

3)

o|

S,

:

s2:

s,:

s,:

2)

the

last

year

to

be

strange

cold;

coldness

the

heat

to

praise

318

Modern

Conversational

Korean

1)

"fl,

2)

SHI

3)

3)

2)

4*

3)

3)

2.

Use

the

short

form

of

indirect

quotations.

.

s2

s,

S,

s,

s,:

s2:

2)

s

:

-fr-M-t-

(#)

2)

10S.

319

87.

^

^

Hospital

Min-su

was

exhausted

from

studying

for

exams,

so

he

went

to

the

internal

medicine

department

of

Severance

Hospital.

to

be

sick

(honorific)

What

is

the

matter?

whole

My

whole

body

is

throbbing

with

pain.

well

now

t0

examine,

consult

(medically)

Well

now,

let's

give

you

an

examina-

tion.

When

did

you

first

start

feeling

like

this?

2

or

3

days

fever

as

I

recall

(Note

212)

,

I

recall

that

about

two

or

three

days

ago

I

felt

sick,

and

last

night

I

began

to

feel

feverish.

Grammar

Notes

Note

212.

VS

+

tf

retrospective

insert

recall

7\)

The

insert-1-^,

is

used

when

the

speaker

looks

back

on

past

events.

In

the present

lesson

it is

inserted

between

the

verb

stem

and

the

final

ending

of

an

exclamatory

sentence,

■

—-£JL.