Schmitt C.B. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy
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Biobibliographies
827
when Clement VIII ordered
a
special Congregation
at
Rome,
1598-1607.
Also
wrote
De
iustitia
et
iure (1593-1600); Aristotelian commentaries.
I
DTCx,
cols.
2090-2187; EFiv,
cols.
713-16;
Giacomi, pp.
67-168;
Lohr
1978,
pp. 590-2;
Solana in, pp. 401-24; Totok, pp. 542-4.
II Stegmuller
1935a;
Rabeneck 1950; Quaranta 1967; Queralt 1975; Costello 1974-
MONTAIGNE, MICHEL DE
b.
Montaigne (Périgord), 1533;
d.
Montaigne, 1592. French
essayist. Educated
Collège
de
Guyenne. Studied law
at
Bordeaux. Purchased
judicial
office.
Became
counsellor
to
Parlement
of
Bordeaux. Followed court
in
Paris, Rouen;
then
abruptly retired
to his
estates
to
study
and
write,
1571.
Published Essais books
1-11
(1580).
Neutral stance in religious wars, but upheld orthodoxy and authority. From
1576
increasing
interest in scepticism.
In
1580 travelled through France, Switzerland, Germany and Italy. At
Rome Essais approved
by
church with slight alterations. Mayor
of
Bordeaux,
1581—5.
In
1586
retired permanently. Published Essais book
in
(1588). Invented
the
term
essai
and its
form
as a
distinct literary genre. Early interest
in
Stoicism
and
Platonism;
but
later
predominantly influenced
by
Pyrrhonian scepticism, arguing
for a
fideistic doctrine
of
submission
to
divine revelation
as the
only means
of
certainty.
I EF iv, cols. 752-4; Totok, pp. 438-44.
II Strowski 1906;
Villey
1933; Boase 1935; Thibaudet 1963; Frame 1965; Battista 1966;
Brush 1966; Friedrich 1967; Sayce 1972; Limbrick 1977; Popkin 1979,
pp.
42—65;
Montaigne 1982; Screech 1983; Schiffman 1984.
MORE, THOMAS
b.
London, 1478;
d.
London, 1535. English humanist
and
lawyer.
Chancellor
1529.
Executed for denying Henry VIII's headship
of
English
Church. Produced
translations from Greek, biographies, poems, political
and
religious writings. Friend
of
Erasmus, Colet, Holbein.
His
Utopia
(1516),
strongly influenced
by
Plato's Republic, gave
rise
to a
literary genre.
Also
responsible
for
popularising Giovanni Pico
in
England.
I DNB xiii, pp. 876-96; DTC x, cols. 2472-82; EF iv, cols.
810-12.
II Chambers
1935;
Hexter 1952,
1973;
Surtz
1957a,
1957b;
Marc'hadour
1963;
White 1976;
Essential articles
. . .
More 1977;
De
Pina Martins 1979; A.
Fox
1982; Marius 1984.
MURET, MARC-ANTOINE
(Muretus)
b.
Muret (near Limoges), 1526;
d.
Rome, 1585.
French humanist. Before 1547 was given professorship
at
Bordeaux; Montaigne among his
pupils. About
1552
began
to
lecture on philosophy and
civil
law
at
Paris, but imprisoned for
heresy. After release moved
to
Toulouse, where lectured
on
civil
law.
In
1554 condemned
for
sodomy and heresy, but escaped
to
Italy.
In
1561
accompanied Ippolito d'Este
to
France.
Returned
to
Rome 1563, lecturing
on
Aristotle's Ethics until 1567. Wrote Variae lectiones
(annotations
and
expositions
of
many passages from ancient authors); commentaries
on
Cicero,
Catullus, Aristotle's Ethics
and the
pseudo-Aristotelian Oeconomics, Plato's Republic
and Ronsard's
Les
Amours.
II Dejob 1881; Nolhac 1883; Trinquet 1965, 1966; C. N. Smith 1984.
NICHOLAS
OF
CUSA
(Cusanus; Nikolaus Krebs)
b.
Cues,
1401;
d.
Todi, 1464. German
philosopher, theologian
and
churchman. Studied
at
Heidelberg,
1416;
and
Padua
1417-23,
receiving
doctorate
in
canon law. Studied Germanic
law at
Cologne. Ordained priest
c.
1430.
In
1432 represented Ulrich
von
Manderscheid
at
Council
of
Basle; wrote
De
concordantia catholica (1433) defending
the
conciliarist position;
but
later supported papal
party
at
Council.
In
1437 embassy
to
Constantinople; 1438/9 papal missions
to
Germany.
Began
work
on De
docta
ignorantia (published 1440), elaborating concepts
of
via negativa and
coincidentia oppositorum. Cardinal, 1446; 1450 Bishop
of
Brixen (Bressanone), Legate
to
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828
Biobibliographies
Germany. Fall
of
Constantinople
in
1453 stimulated composition
ofDe
pace fidei,
an
appeal
for
Christian unity.
In
1458
at
papal court of Pius II.
In
1460
returned
to
Germany, where
briefly
imprisoned
at
Bruneck. Returned
to
Rome, appointed papal representative. Wrote
several works
on
mathematics, theology; sermons influenced
by
Meister Eckhart.
I CHLMP, pp. 873-4; DSB in, pp.
512-16;
DTC xi, cols.
601-11;
EF
11,
cols. 220-6.
II Vansteenberghe 1920; Gandillac 1942; Mitteilungen
. . .
Cusanus-Gesellschaft
1961—;
Sigmund
1963;
Watanabe
1963;
Clagett
1964-84,111,
2,
pp.
297-315;
Liibke 1968; Nicold
Cusano 1970; Cusanus-Gedachtnisschrift 1970; Senger 1971; Flasch 1973; Acta Cusana
1976-;
Hopkins 1978, 1983; Watts 1982; Stadler 1983.
NIFO,
AGOSTINO
(Suessanus)
b.
Sessa Aurunca,
1469/70;
d.
Sessa Aurunca, 1538. Italian
philosopher
and
physician. Studied philosophy
under
Vernia
at
Padua, receiving degree
c.
1490. Later learnt Greek. Taught philosophy
at
Padua,
1492-9;
at
Naples and Salerno (also
medicine),
1500-13;
at
Rome, from
1514;
at
Pisa,
1519-22;
at
Salerno,
1522-31
and
1532-5;
and
at
Naples (also medicine),
1531—2.
In
1520 named Count Palatine. Wrote many
Aristotelian commentaries; wrote treatises
on
Averroes; edited Aristotle
and
Averroes
(1495-6);
replaced early Averroism with broader philosophical outlook, incorporating
Platonic
and
Hermetic concepts.
Also
wrote
on
astronomy, dialectics, politics, moral
philosophy, psychology.
I
DSB x, pp.
122-4;
Lohr 1979,
pp.
532-9; Thorndike
v, pp.
69-98
and
passim.
II Tuozzi 1903-4; Nardi
1945
passim, igs^P^sim; Valletta
1951;
Randall
1961
ad indicem; Di
Napoli
1963, pp. 203-41 zndpassim; Risse 1964, pp.
218-29;
Mahoney 1966, 1968,
1970a,
1970b,
1971a,
1971b,
1976a,
1976b,
1982; Poppi 1966, pp. 222—36, 1970a
passim;
Wallace
1972-,
1, pp.
139-53;
Zambelli 1975; Ashworth 1976; L.
Jardine
1981.
NIZOLIO, MARIO
(Nizolius)
b.
Brescello, 1488;
d.
Mantua, 1567. Italian humanist.
Considered the foremost Ciceronian
of
his day after publishing Thesaurus Ciceronianus
(1536;
frequently reprinted),
a
Latin lexicon entirely derived from
Cicero.
Engaged
in
polemic
with M.A. Maioragio,
who
wrote Reprehensionum lihri duo attacking him;
to
which
he
replied
in De
veris principiis
(1553),
which was praised
by
Leibniz, who
reprinted
it
(1670).
Criticised
Aristotle, seeking
to
replace Peripatetic logic
and
dialectic with Latin grammar
and Ciceronian rhetoric.
I EF iv, col. 1040; Garin II, pp.
741-4;
Saitta
11,
pp. 493—509.
II Pagani 1893; Testi umanistici sulla retorica 1953, pp.
99-121
(P. Rossi); Breen 1954, 1955;
introduction
to
Nizolio 1956, 1,
pp.
XV-LXXIV;
Corsano
1958-63,
42: 488-94; Crescini
1965,
pp.
121-33;
Vasoli 1968a, pp. 606-63; Nizzoli 1970; Wesseler 1974.
ORESME, NICOLE
b.
Bayeux, c. 1320;
d.
Lisieux, 1382. French philosopher, mathemati-
cian,
translator.
In the
1340s studied
arts
at
Paris with Buridan. Studied theology
at
College
de Navarre, Paris; by
1349 M. A.;
1355/6
magister
theologiae;
1356-62
grand master
of
College
de Navarre. From c. 1360 friend
of
Dauphin (later Charles
V).
In
1362 canon
at
Cathedral of
Rouen.
In
1363 canon
at
Sainte-Chapelle; visited papal court
at
Avignon. Dean
at
Rouen,
1364; 1377
Bishop
of
Lisieux
(resident from 1380). Translated into French (from Latin)
and
commented on Aristotelian texts on
logic,
natural
and moral philosophy. Wrote treatises on
natural
philosophy, theology,
and
against astrology.
I CHLMP,
p.
874;
DSB x, pp.
223-30; Lohr 1972,
pp.
290-8.
II Curtze 1870; Clagett
1959
passim; Grignaschi i960; Murdoch 1964; Goldbrunner 1968;
Antiqui
und
Moderni 1974,
pp.
206-20 (Molland); Caroti 1979; Babbitt 1985.
PACE,
GIULIO
(Julius
Pacius)
b.
Beriga (near
Vicenza),
1550;
d.
Valence, 1635. Italian
philosopher
and
jurist. Studied philosophy
at
Padua
1565-70;
and
1570-4
law
{doctor
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Biobibliographies
829
utriusque iuris). Converted
to
Protestantism. Fled
to
Geneva, where
1575—85
taught
philosophy
and
law. From 1585
to
1594 professor
of
law
at
University
of
Heidelberg.
Taught logic
at
Sedan, 1595. From 1597
to
1600 professor
of
philosophy
and
rector
of
University
of
Nîmes. Professor
of
law
1600-16,
Montpellier;
1616—20,
Valence;
1620-1,
Padua;
1621-35,
Valence. Published edition ofOrganon (1584); re-edited Casaubon's Opera
Aristotelis
(1597);
wrote Institutiones logicae
(1595);
Logicae
rudimenta
(1598); Logicae
disputationes VIII (1606); also commentaries
on
Aristotle's Physics
and De
anima.
I Lohr 1979, pp. 546-7.
II Lampertico 1885-6; Vasoli 1974; Aristotelismo veneto 1983, 11,
pp.
1009-34 (Vasoli);
Schmitt 1983a passim.
PALMIERI,
MATTEob.
Florence,
1406;
d.
Rome(?),
1475.
Florentine humanist. Follower of
Bruni.
At
Council
of
Florence, 1439. Undertook various diplomatic missions
for the
city.
Wrote Delia
vita
civile,
a
dialogue which
attempts
to
integrate active
civic
virtue
and
participation with the Platonic ideal
of
other-worldly contemplation
of
the good;
La
citta di
vita;
historical
and
pedagogical works.
I EFiv,
cols.
1296-7;
Garin
I, pp.
334-42, 355-6; Lohr
1971,
p.
342; Saitta 1,
pp.
381-90.
II Bassi 1892; Messeri 1894; Boffito
1901;
Varese
1961
passim; Buck 1968, pp.
253-71;
Finzi
1984.
PARACELSUS
(Theophrast Bombast von Hohenheim) b. Einsiedln,
1493;
d.
Salzburg,
1541.
Swiss
chemist, physician,
natural
philosopher. Educated
in
mineralogy, botany and
natural
philosophy by his physician father; probably also taught by Trithemius. Studied medicine
at
Ferrara. Served
as
military surgeon, eventually founding medical practice
at
Strasburg.
Treated Froben
and
Erasmus
at
Basle.
In
1527 gained appointment
as
municipal physician
and professor
of
medicine
at
Basle;
but
relinquished this
in
1528 after litigation with
magistrate patient. Became
an
itinerant
physician
in
Germany, Austria
and
Switzerland.
Scorned organised religion and classical scholarship. Wrote mainly
in
German.
In
medicine,
rejected authority
of
Galen
and
Aristotle, emphasising empirical observation
and
external
aetiology
in
opposition
to
humoral concept
of
disease.
His
major medical treatise
is
Opus
paramirum;
also wrote Archidoxis
(1569,
with many reprintings),
in
which his contributions
to inorganic chemistry
are
summarised. About
thirty
years after
his
death, Paracelsian
movement developed, including such figures
as van
Hèlmont,
Boyle,
Boerhaave.
I DSB x, pp. 304-13; EF iv, cols.
1325-6;
Totok, pp. 363-72.
II Sudhoff 1894-9, 1936; Darmstaedter
1931;
Nova acta paracelsica
1944-;
Sherlock 1948;
Goldammer 1953,
1954»
*97i;
Pagel
1958a,
1962, 1979; Debus 1965, 1977; Paracelsus.
Werkund Wirkung 1975;Paracelsusinder Tradition
1980;
KreaturundKosmos
1981;
Webster
1982.
PATRIZI, FRANCESCO (of
Sienna; Bishop
of
Gaeta)
b.
Sienna,
1413;
d.
Gaeta, 1494. Italian
humanist and political writer.
Actively
involved in the political life
of
Sienna, from which he
was
eventually exiled and confined
to
Verona.
In
1461
appointed Bishop
of
Gaeta.
Wrote the
influential political
tracts
De
institutione reipuhlicae
and De
regno
et
regis institutione.
I EF iv, col. 1403; Saitta 1, pp. 370—6.
II Bassi 1893; Chiarelli 1932; Battaglia 1936; Sarri 1938;
L. F.
Smith 1966-8, 1968, 1974;
Schmitt 1972, pp.
49—51,
171-7.
PATRIZI,
FRANCESCO
DA
CHERSO
(Franciscus
Patritius)
b. Cherso,
1529;
d. Rome, 1597.
Italian Neoplatonic philosopher. Studied
at
Venice,
1542;
at
Ingolstadt,
1544-5;
at
Padua,
I547-54-
From
1554 to 1557
served
as
secretary, administrator
to
several Venetian
noblemen.
In
1569-71
and
1574-7
travelled extensively
in
Mediterranean countries,
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Biobibliographies
including Cyprus, where
he
perfected his knowledge
of
Greek.
From
1577/8
to
1591/2
first
professor
of
Platonic philosophy
at
Ferrara.
Polemics with T. Angelucci
on
Aristotle, 1584,
and with Jacopo Mazzoni
on
poetics, 1587. From
1591/2
to
1597 professor
of
Platonic
philosophy
at the
Sapienza, Rome; lectured
on
Timaeus. Wrote Discussiones peripateticae
(1581),
a
history
and
critique
of the
Aristotelian tradition; Nova
de
universis philosophia
(Ferrara,
1591;
Venice,
1593),
presenting
his
Neoplatonic theory
of
light metaphysics;
he
revised it in an unsuccessful
attempt
to
defuse criticisms by the Inquisition.
Also
wrote La citta
felice
(1553);
VEridano
(1557);
Delia historia (1560); treatises
on
poetics, rhetoric, military
history
and
mathematics. Translated Philoponus, Proclus; produced Latin editions
of
pseudo-Aristotelian Theologia, Hermetica, Chaldaean Oracles.
I CTC 1, pp.
141-2;
EF iv, cols. 1403-4;
Lohr
1979, pp.
551—3-
II Donazzolo
1912;
Arcari
1935;
Brickman
1941;
Firpo
1950-1;
Lamprecht
1950;
Menapace
Brisca
1952;
Kristeller
1964a,
pp.
110-26;
Zambelli
1967;
Muccillo
1975,1981;
Maechling
1977;
Henry 1979; Otto
1979;
Bolzoni 1980;
Vasoli
1983b,
pp.
527-83;
Wilmott 1984,
1985;
Antonaci
1984-;
Kraye 1986.
PAULOFPERGULA
(Paulus Pergulensis; Paolo della Pergola) b. Pergula, c. 1380;
d.
Venice,
1455.
Venetian theologian
and
philosopher. Follower
of
Oxford School
of
logic,
transmitted
to
Italy
by
Paul
of
Venice,
with whom
he
studied
at
Padua. M.A. c. 1420; doctor
theologiae
by
1430. Taught
at
Venice
1421—54.
I CHLMP,
p.
875;
EF
iv,
cols,
1495-6;
Lohr 1972,
p.
320; Saitta 1,
pp.
645-92.
II Segarizzi
1915-16;
Boh 1965.
PAUL
OF
VENICE,
O.E.S.A.
(Paulus Nicolettus Venetus)
b.
Udine,
1369/72;
d.
Padua,
1429.
Italian philosopher and theologian. From 1390 studied philosophy, logic and theology
at Oxford, where influenced
by
Averroists, Ockhamists
and
earlier Augustinians (particu-
larly
Gregory
of
Rimini). Later visited Paris, where probably knew Pierre
d'Ailly.
In
1395
returned
to
Italy.
By
1408 listed among masters
at
Padua. Venetian ambassador
to
Poland,
1413.
From 1416 lectured
at
Padua.
In
1420 elected Prior Provincial
of
Sienna, repelling
charges
of
heresy in same year.
In
1424
lectured
at
Bologna. Visited Rome,
1426.
Professor
at
Sienna,
1427.
Returned
to
Padua, 1428. Expositor
of
terminist
logic;
his Logica influential
in
Italy
to end of
seventeenth century.
Also
wrote
Summa
naturalium,
widely distributed
in
manuscript
and
early
printed
editions;
and
commentaries
on
Posterior Analytics, Physics,
De
generatione
et
corruptione
and De
anima.
I CHLMP,
p.
875;
DSB x,
pp.
419-21;
Duhem
SM
iv, pp.
199-210,
x,
pp.
377-439;
Lohr
1972,
pp. 314-20.
II
F.
Momigliano 1907;
Di
Napoli 1963 ad indicem; Perreiah
1967;
Wallace
1972-,
1
passim;
Ashworth
1978a;
Bottin
1981;
Aristotelismo veneto
1983,1,
pp. 297-324
(Kuksewicz),
459-
68 (Bottin),
11,
pp. 591-606 (Cristiani), 873-86
(Pozzi);
Scienza eJilosofia 1983, pp. 85-124
(Bottin).
PEREIRA,
BENITO, S.J.
(Benedictus Pererius)
b.
Ruzafa (near
Valencia),
by
1535;
d.
Rome,
1610.
Spanish
Jesuit
philosopher and theologian. Entered
Jesuit
Order
1552,
Valencia. From
1553
to
1556 studied
at
Collegio
Romano, where
1556-8
became professor
of
litterae
humaniores;
1558-67
professor
of
philosophy;
1567-1610
professor
of
theology. Wrote
Physicorum sive de principiis
rerum
naturalium
lihri
XV
(1562;
reprinted
frequently),
a
natural
philosophy textbook; Adversus fallaces
et
superstitiosas
artes
(1591),
rebutting magic
and
astrology; also, many works
on
Aristotle, surviving mostly
in
manuscript.
I
DSB x, pp.
512-13;
DTC
XII,
col.
1217;
EFiv,
cols.
1485-6;
Giacon
11,
pp.
31-66;
Lohr
1979,
PP- 564-73;
Solana
in, pp.
373-400.
II Garcia Villoslada 1954 passim; Rompe 1967 passim;
Di
Vona 1968 passim; Lohr
1976b;
Wallace
1981a
ad
indicem.
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Biobibliographies
831
PERION,
JOACHIM,
O.S.B.
(Joachimus Perionius)
b.
Cormery (Touraine),
1498/9;
d. Cormery,
1559.
French humanist and theologian. Entered Benedictine Order
1517.
From
1527
studied philosophy
and
theology
at
Paris: 1542 doctor theologiae;
then
professor
of
theology.
Translated most
of
Aristotle;
provoked criticism and revision by J. L. d'Estrebay
and N. Grouchy. Wrote Pro Aristotele in Petrum
Ramum
orationes
Я
(1543),
in reply to Ramus'
Aristotelicae animadversiones;
and Pro
Ciceronis
Or
atore contra Petrum
Ramum
or
alio
(i547)-
Translated
part
of
Plato's Timaeus (1540)
and
several Greek Fathers
(1554-9)-
I Lohr 1979, PP-
574-76.
II Périon
1842;
Vasoli
1968apassim; Platón et Aristote
1976,
pp.
377-89
(Stegmann); Schmitt
1983a
passim.
PETRARCH
(Francesco Petrarca)
b.
Arezzo,
1304;
d.
Arquá (Padua),
1374.
Italian humanist
and poet. From
an
exiled Florentine family which later moved
to
Avignon.
Studied law
at
Montpellier and Bologna. Returned
to
papal court
at
Avignon
1326, taking minor orders.
Visited
Italy for long periods; crowned poet laureate
at
Rome,
1341.
In
1353 moved
to
Italy;
lived
in
Milan under Visconti patronage,
1353-61;
in
Venice,
1361-8;
in
Padua, from 1368.
Included in his vast literary output are the Latin treatises
De
otio religioso and
De
vita
solitaria;
the polemical invective De sui ipsius et
multorum
ignorantia; the Stoic ethical and
psychological
guide
De
remediis;
the
dialogue Secretum;
the
Latin epic poem Africa;
the
Italian lyric poetry
cycle
Canzoniere;
and
Latin letters, which
he
collected
and
edited.
I EF iv, cols.
1553-7;
Totok, pp. 99-100.
II Nolhac 1907; Piur 1925; Gerosa 1927;
G.
Billanovich 1947- 1951, 1974,
1981-;
Studi
petrarcheschi
1948-78,
1984-;
Wilkins 1955, 1958, 1959,
1961;
Heitmann 1958;
U.
Bosco
1968;
Kessler
1978;
Trinkaus
1979;
Quadernipetrarcheschi
1983—;
Foster
1984;
Mann 1984;
Baron
1985.
PICCOLOMINI, ALESSANDRO
(Alexander Piccolomineus)
b.
Sienna, 1508;
d.
Sienna,
1579.
Italian philosopher
and
humanist. Studied theology
and
philosophy
at
Sienna
and
Padua. Lecturer
in
moral philosophy
at
Padua, 1539.
In
1540 joined Accademia degli
Infiammati. From 1546
to
c. 1558
in
voluntary exile
in
Rome. Appointed Archbishop
of
Patras and Coadjutor Archbishop of Sienna,
1574.
Wrote influential compendia
on
natural
and moral philosophy, e.g., Delia filosofa naturale
(1551;
expanded version,
1565);
Delia
institutione
di
tutta
la
vita
dell'huomo
nato
nobile
et in
citta libera
(1542);
Italian translations
of
Aristotle's
Rhetoric
(1571)
and
Poetics
(1572);
annotations
on the
Poetics
(1575),
which
provoked
considerable controversy; Latin translation
of
Alexander
of
Aphrodisias'
commentary
on the
Meteorology
(1540).
I CTC i, pp. 99-100; EF iv, col. 1577; Lohr 1980, pp. 624-5.
II Cerreta 1957, i960; Weinberg
1961
passim; Scrivano 1964; Suter 1969; Giacobbe
1972a;
Breitenbiirger 1975,
PP-
i37~50
and
passim; Rose 1975
ad
indicem;
Buck
1983.
PICCOLOMINI, FRANCESCO
(Franciscus Carolus Piccolomineus)
b.
Sienna,
1523;
d. Sienna, 1607. Italian philosopher. Studied
at
Sienna, gaining doctorate
in
arts
and
medicine,
1546.
Taught
there
until
1549.
Professor
of
philosophy
at
Macerata,
1549-50;
and
at Perugia,
1550-60.
From 1560
to
1564 extraordinary professor
of
natural
philosophy
at
Padua;
1564-5
second ordinary professor of
natural
philosophy, succeeding M. A. Genua;
1565^98
first professor
in
same. From 1578
to
1594 controversy with Jacopo Zabarella
on
philosophical methodology, culminating
in
publication
of
Comes politicus pro recta ordinis
ratione propugnator
(1594).
Also
wrote Peripateticae
de
anima
disputationes
(1575);
many
expositions
of
Aristotelian works
and
philosophy.
I EF iv, cols.
1578-9;
Garin II, pp.
656-61,
712; Lohr 1980, pp. 626-39.
II Ragnisco 1885-6; N. W. Gilbert i960, pp.
173-6;
Di Napoli 1963, pp. 379-82; Crescini
1965,
pp.
182-8
and
passim; Baldini 1980a,
1980b.
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
832
B io b ib
liograp
h
ies
Pico
DELLA
MIRÁNDOLA,
GIANFRANCESCO
b. Mirándola, 1469; d. Mirándola, 1533.
Italian philosopher; Christian sceptic. Received early humanistic education
at
court
of
Ferrara; also influenced by Savonarola and uncle Giovanni Pico. From 1499
to
1502 conflict
with
brothers over title
to
Mirándola, leading
to
exile
in
various Italian cities,
1502-11.
Visited
Germany 1502,
1505.
Briefly recovered Mirándola,
1511;
but again exiled,
1511-14.
Polemic
with Pietro Bembo
on
imitation
of
classical authors,
1511-12;
published
De
imitatione libellus
(1518).
In
1514
returned
to
Mirándola, where assassinated
by
his nephew,
1533.
Wrote on epistemology, psychology, astrology and divine providence: e.g., De studio
divinae et humanae philosophiae;
De
imaginatione; Defalsitate astrologiae;
De
rerum
praenotione;
De
providentia Dei. His major philosophical work, Examen
vanitatis
doctrinaegentium (1520),
contrasts fallible human knowledge with divine revelation through Scriptures.
I EF iv,
cols.
1483-4;
Garin II, pp. 588-94; Lohr 1980, pp.
641-2.
II Walker 1958, pp.
146-51,
1972,
pp. 33-5, 59-62; Schmitt 1967,
1970;
Raith
1967;
Secret
1976;
The
Damned
Art
1977,
pp.
32-52 (Burke); Popkin 1979,
pp. 20-3 and
passim;
introduction
to G. F.
Pico 1984.
Pico
DELLA
MIRÁNDOLA,
GIOVANNI
b. Mirándola, 1463; d. Florence, 1494. Italian
philosopher
and
humanist. Studied canon
law at
Bologna from 1477
and
philosophy
at
Ferrara, 1479
and
Padua, 1480-2. Moved
to
Florence, 1484.
In
1485 visited University
of
Paris, assimilating scholastic ideas. Returned
to
Florence i486, afterwards moving
to
Perugia. Studied Hebrew
and
Arabic; expanded
his
knowledge
of
Averroism; began
to
study cabala. Wrote Conclusiones (i486), intending
to
dispute them
in
Rome; certain theses
declared heretical or dubious; defended them in Apologia, thereby provoking Innocent VIII's
condemnation
of
the whole work. Fled to France, but arrested and imprisoned
at
Vincennes,
1488.
Released through intervention
of
Lorenzo
de'
Medici
and
other Italian princes;
allowed
to
return
to
Florence. There wrote Heptaplus (1489),
a
mystical interpretation
of
the
Genesis
creation myth;
De
ente
et uno
(1492), attempting
to
harmonise Platonic
and
Aristotelian
ontological doctrines; Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinatricem (published
1496).
In
final years became
a
follower of Savonarola.
In
1493 Alexander VI lifted censures.
I EF iv,
cols.
1580—3;
Thorndike iv, pp.
485-511,
529-43 and passim; Totok, pp.
159-65.
II Dorez and Thuasne 1897; Kibre 1936; Garin
1937a,
1961,
pp.
231-89;
G. Mercati 1938;
Cassirer
1942;
Secret
1964,
pp. 24-43 and passim; Uopera e ilpensiero
1965;
Di Napoli 1965;
Wirszubski
1967,
1969;
Walker 1972passim; Lubac
1974;
Miscellanea
. . .
Branca 1983,
m,
1,
pp.
327-52
(Perosa).
PLATINA
(Bartolomeo Sacchi)
b.
Piadena, 1421;
d.
Rome, 1481. Italian humanist
and
historian.
In
contact with Ficino and his circle in Florence
c. 1457.
From 1462 lived in Rome.
Appointed
abhreviator apostolicus
by
Pius
II.
Joined Accademia Romana. Later
fell
from
favour
and imprisoned: first
for
writing polemics against
the
pope,
then
on
accusations
of
impiety and pantheism. Subsequently recovered his position, securing patronage
of
the new
pope, Sixtus IV, who put him
in
charge
of
Biblioteca
Vaticana,
1475.
Wrote a history
of
the
popes:
De vitis
omnium
summorumpontificum
(1479);
also political and ethical treatises, e.g.,
De
principe;
De
óptimo cive;
De
vera nobilitate;
De
falso
et
vero bono; biography
of
Vittorino
da
Feltre.
I
EF v,
cols.
40-1; Garin
I, pp.
324-7; Saitta 1,
pp.
390—9.
II Luzio and Renier 1889; Zabughin
1909-12,1,
pp. 60-8; introduction
to
Platina
1913-32;
Raybaud
1970; Milham 1972; introduction
to
Platina 1979; Rubinstein 1985.
PLETHO,
GEORGIUS
GEMISTUS
b. Constantinople (or Mistra), c. 1360; d. Mistra, c. 1452.
Byzantine
humanist and philosopher. Established Platonic school, and held high
office
for
several
years,
at
Mistra
in
Morea; Bessarion among
his
pupils. From 1438—9 among
Byzantine
delegation
to
Council
of
Ferrara/Florence, giving public lectures and stimulating
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Biobibliographies
833
interest
in
Platonic
and
Neoplatonic writings.
His
major treatise,
the
Laws,
is a
systematic
exposition
modelled
on
Plato's work; survives only
in
fragments because ecclesiastical
authorities ordered
all
copies
to be
destroyed
as
heretical.
Also
wrote
an
influential
comparison
of
Platonic
and
Aristotelian doctrines.
I Garin
I, pp.
360-5
and
passim; Totok,
pp.
151—3.
II Gass 1844; Schultze 1874; Taylor
1921;
Kieszkowski 1936 passim; Zakythinos
1932-53;
Anastos
1948;
Knòs
1950;
R.
and
F. Masai
1954;
F.
Masai
1956;
Garin
1958a,
pp.
153-219;
Kristeller
1979,
pp.
150-68
and
passim;
C. M.
Woodhouse 1986.
POGGIO
BRACCIOLINI
b.
Terranova
nel
Valdarno,
1380; d.
Florence, 1459. Italian
humanist. Influenced
in
classical
and
philological studies
by
Salutati.
At the
papal Curia
1404-53,
first
as
scriptor
and
later papal secretary. While attending Council
of
Constance
discovered
many important manuscripts containing lost works
by
Cicero, Quintilian,
Lucretius,
etc. Chancellor
of
Florence,
1453-8.
Wrote
De
avaritia
(1428—9);
De
nobilitate
and
De
infelicitate principum (both 1440);
De
varietate fortunae
(1431-48);
Contra hypocritas
(1447-8);
Facetiae (1438-52);
De
miseria humanae conditionis
(1455);
and
Epistolae.
I DBI xiii, pp.
640—6;
EF 1, cols. 1048—9.
II Shepherd 1825; Walser
1914;
Rubinstein 1958-64; Tateo 1961; Sabbadini 1967 passim;
Oppel
1977;
Goldbrunner 1979; Flores 1980; Poggio Bracciolini 1980;
Un
toscano
del
'400
1980;
Poggio Bracciolini 1982.
POLIZIANO,
ANGELO
(Angelus Ambroginus Politianus)
b.
Montepulciano,
1454;
d. Florence, 1494. Italian humanist, philologist, poet. Mainly active
in
Florence, where
protege
of
Lorenzo
de'
Medici
and
tutor
in
Medici household until 1480. Taught
at the
Florentine Studio
1480—94;
wrote Lamia
(1492—3),
apraelectio
to
his course
on
Aristotle's Prior
Analytics; also Praelectio
de
dialectica. Translated into Latin Enchiridion
of
Epictetus
and
Problems
attributed
to
Alexander
of
Aphrodisias.
His philological researches
on
classical texts
and prescriptions
for
prose style were widely influential. Wrote poetry
in
Greek, Latin
and
Italian {Stanze
and
Orfeo).
I CTC 1, pp. 133, 225, iv, p. 272; DBI
11,
pp. 691-702;
Lohr
1967, p. 362.
II Micheli
1917;
introduction
to
Epictetus
1954;
Mostra del Poliziano
1955;
Il
Poliziano e Usuo
tempo
1957;
I.
Mai'er 1965, 1966;
Bigi
1967;
Vasoli
1968a,
pp.
116-31
and
passim; Garin
1967,
eh. 5; Gardenal
1975;
Grafton
1977,1983-,
1,
pp.
9—100;
Kraye
1983;
introduction
to
Poliziano
1983.
POMPONAZZI,
PIETRO
(Petrus Pomponatius)
b.
Mantua, 1462;
d.
Bologna, 1525. Italian
philosopher; strongly influenced
by
Alexander
of
Aphrodisias; rejected Averroism,
advocating
return
to
Aristotelianism purified
of
non-Aristotelian accretions. Studied
at
Padua; M.A., 1487; taught philosophy, 1488-96; doctor medicinae, 1496. From 1496
to
1499
taught logic
at
court
of
Alberto Pio. Professor
of
philosophy
at
Padua,
1499-1509.
Briefly
taught
at
Ferrara
1509
before returning
to
Mantua,
1510-11.
Taught philosophy
at
Bologna,
1511-25.
Published
De
immortaliate animae
(1516),
which provoked counter-attacks from
Gasparo Contarmi, Agostino Nifo
and
others;
to
which
he
replied
in
Apologia
(1518).
Also
wrote
De
naturalium
effectuum causis sive
de
incantationibus (written 1520; published
1556),
attempting
a
naturalistic explanation
of
thaumaturgy;
De
fato
(published
1567);
many
expositions
of
Aristotelian
works. Extensive manuscript notes for his lecture courses survive.
I
DSB xi, pp.
71-4;
EF iv,
cols.
149-54;
Garin
II, pp.
500-35
and
passim; Lohr
1980,
pp. 645-65.
II Fiorentino 1868; Ferri 1876; Cian 1887;
Oliva
1926; Kristeller 1955,
1964a,
pp.
72-90;
Gilson
1961;
Di
Napoli
1963,
pp. 227-338 andpassim; Umanesimo europeo 1964, pp. 31-63
(Gilson);
Nardi
1965;
Pine
1965,1968,1973,1986;
Zanier
1975b;
Philosophy and
Humanism
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
834
Biobibliographies
1976,
pp.
100-15
(Pine);
Graiff
1976, 1979; Aristotelismo veneto 1983, 11,
pp.
685-94
(Galimberti),
1077-99
(Kristeller).
PONTANO,
GIOVANNI
GioviANob.
Cerretto (Umbria),
1426/9;
d. Naples, 1503. Italian
humanist and poet. Studied at Perugia. In
1447
entered service
of
Aragonese
kings
of
Naples;
tutor
to the Duke
of
Calabria;
i486 Chancellor
of
Kingdom.
In 1495 negotiated
surrender
of
Naples
to
Charles VIII
of
France after
latter's
ejection
of
Ferdinand
II.
Pardoned when
Ferdinand
returned,
but
deprived
of
office.
Wrote prose works
on
astrology, moral
philosophy, political theory, history: e.g.,
De
rebus coelestibus; De prudentia;
De
fortuna;
De
principe
liber;
De bello neapolitano; also, dialogues, often centring on ethical issues; and poetry,
including love lyrics, mythological
and
didactic verse.
I EF v, col. 155; Saitta 1, pp. 645-92.
II Tallarigo 1874; Rosselli del Turco 1878; Tanteri
1931;
Altamura 1938; Toffanin 1938;
Percopo 1938; Tateo 1960a, 1972.
PORZIO, SIMONE
(Portius; Porta)
b.
Naples, 1496;
d.
Naples, 1554. Italian philosopher.
Probably studied philosophy with Achillini and Pomponazzi
at
Bologna and with Nifo
at
Pisa (also studying medicine there). Taught
logic,
then
natural
philosophy
at
Pisa,
1520-5.
From 1529
to
1545 professor
at
Naples; and
at
Pisa,
1547-54.
Published works
on
natural
philosophy and psychology. Followed Pomponazzi's doctrine on the soul, most notably
in
De
humana
mente
(1551)
and De
rerum
naturalium
principiis
(1553).
Also
wrote several
commentaries (extant only
in
manuscript
for the
most
part)
on
Aristotelian works.
I CTC
11,
p. 320; EF v,
cols.
165-6;
Garin, 540-6; Lohr 1980, pp.
667-70.
II Amenduni 1890; Fiorentino
1911,
pp.
83—153;
Saitta
1949;
Di Napoli 1963 ad indicem; De
Gaetano 1968; Montù 1968.
QUEVEDO
(Y
VILLEGAS),
FRANCISCO
DEb.
Madrid, 1580; d. Villanueva de los Infantes,
1645.
Spanish literary, philosophical and political writer. Studied theology, law and classics
at University of
Alcalá.
Attended Philip Ill's court.
In
1609 experienced crise de conscience,
regretting earlier frivolous writings and joining pious Congregación
del
Oratorio
del
Olivar.
Went to Italy c.
1613
as secretary to Duke
of
Osuna. Later
attracted
favour
of
Philip
IV
and
Olivares. Recalled
to
court
and
given royal post;
but
1639-43 disgraced
and
imprisoned, probably
for
satirical allusions
to
Olivares. Contributed
to the
diffusion
of
Christian Neostoic philosophy in Spain. His writings include: El Busión,
a
picaresque novel;
Doctrina moral del conocimiento (1630);
a
Spanish translation of Epictetus
(1635);
La
vida de
Marco Bruto (1644),
a
Christian Stoic commentary
on
Plutarch's Brutus;
and
political
writings,
e.g., Política de Dios
y
gobierno de Cristo (1626) and La hora de
todos
y
la
fortuna
con
seso
(1635-45).
I EF v, col.
483.
II Astrana Marín 1945; Simón Dias 1945; Castellanos 1947; Papell 1947; Chacón
y
Calvó
1948;
Láscaris Comneno
1950,1955a,
1955b;
P. U. González de la
Calle
1965;
Rothe 1965;
Blüher 1969; Ettinghausen 1972.
RAMUS,
PETRUS
(Pierre de
la
Ramée)
b.
Cuth (near Soissons),
1515;
d.
Paris, 1572. French
philosopher and humanist. Studied
at
Paris from
1527;
M.A., 1536. Appointed principal of
Collège
de
Presles,
1546-72.
Professor
at
Collège
Royal,
1551. Charpentier's
Animadversiones
(1554)
instigated a polemic continuing into
1560s.
Conversion to Calvinism
1561
made him vulnerable in increasingly unstable condition
of
French politics from
1567,
so
withdrew from Paris. Visited Germany, Strasburg, Basle,
1568-70.
Returned to Paris, 1570.
Murdered during
the St
Bartholomew's Day Massacre, 1572. Wrote commentaries
on
Euclid
and several Aristotelian works; favourable to Aristotle in certain spheres, e.g., applied
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Biobibliographies
835
mathematics; but, after publishing the Aristotelicae animadversiones
(1543),
gained
reputation
as
a
virulent anti-Aristotelian polemicist.
His
reformed system
of
logic,
which despite
criticism
of
traditional forms retained key Peripatetic concepts such as the
syllogism,
reached
definitive
form
in
Dialectique
(1555).
Also
wrote grammatical works,
e.g.,
Scholae
grammaticae
(1559);
and De
religione Christiana (published posthumously,
1576).
I DSB xi, pp. 286-90; Lohr 1980, pp. 676-82.
II Waddington 1855; Howell 1956,
pp.
146-281
and passim; Hooykaas 1958; Ong
1958a,
1958b;
N. W.
Gilbert i960,
pp.
129-44 and passim;
Yates
1966,
pp.
228-38 and passim;
Verdonk
1966, 1968;
Vasoli
1968a, pp.
331-589;
Walton 1970,
1971;
Schmitt 1972,
pp.
78—108;
Margolin 1976; Piano Mortari 1978 passim; Sellberg 1979;
Sharratt
1982;
Schmidt-Biggemann
1983; Bruyère 1984; Meerhof 1986; Pierre
de la
Ramée 1986.
REISCH, GREGOR,
Ord.
Cart.
b.
Balingen,
c.
1467;
d.
Freiburg
i. Br.,
1525. German
Carthusian
and
encyclopaedist. Matriculated
at
University
of
Freiburg, 1487; B.A., 1488;
M.A.,
1489. Entered Carthusian Order c. 1496. Became prior first
at
Klein-Basle, 1500-2;
and
then
at
Freiburg i. Br.,
1503-25.
Taught
Johannes
Eck. Correspondent
of
Erasmus, who
claimed
that
his
opinion
had the
authority
of
an oracle among Germans. His chief work,
Margarita
philosophica (1503),
is an
encyclopaedia
in
catechetical form, widely used
as a
textbook;
it
covered,
in
addition
to the
subjects
of the
trivium
and
quadrivium,
natural
philosophy, psychology
and
ethics.
I Lohr 1980, pp. 685-6; Thorndike v, pp.
139-41.
II Hartfelder 1890; Erasmus 1906-58,
11,
pp.
29-30, 327; Münzel 1937; Srbik 1941, 1961;
introduction
to
Reisch 1517
(repr.
Dusseldorf,
1973).
ROBORTELLO, FRANCESCO
(Franciscus Robortellus)
b.
Udine, 1516;
d.
Padua, 1567.
Italian
humanist
and philologist. Studied
at
Bologna. Taught
at
Lucca, Pisa,
Venice,
Padua
and Bologna. Particularly known
for
his commentary
on
Aristotle's
De
arte
poetica (1548).
Also
wrote
on
Aristotle's Politics
(1552)
and
Topics
(in
MS);
as
well
as on
philological
subjects,
e.g.,
De
arte
sive ratione corrigendi
antiquorum
libros disputado (published
1557).
I Garin II, pp.
747-8;
Lohr 1980, pp. 693-5.
II Herrick 1946passim; Weinberg
1952,1961;
Carlini
1967;
Schmitt
1972
ad
indicem;
Kenney
1974,
pp.
29-36; Breitenbürger 1975,
pp. 4-28 and
passim.
SALUTATI,
COLUCCIO
b.
Stignano
in
Valdinievole, 1331;
d.
Florence, 1406. Italian
humanist.
Family exiled
to
Bologna
in his
youth. Corresponded with Petrarch,
but
never
met
him.
Played
key
role
in
establishing Florence
as the
humanistic centre
of
Italy.
Appointed
notary
in the
Florentine chancellery 1374;
and
chancellor,
1375-1406.
Wrote
influential political
and
moral treatises, Latin letters
and
poetry. Knew little Greek,
but
encouraged
its
study
and
diffusion
by
bringing Manuel Chrysoloras
to
teach
in
Florence.
I EF v,
cols.
982-3; EI xxx, p. 568.
II Novati 1888; Mancini 1920; Garin
1943-6,
1961
ad
indicem; Iannizzotto 1959; Ullman
1963;
Kessler 1968; Witt 1976, 1977, 1983; Lindhardt 1979;
De
Rosa 1980; Langkabel
1981;
introduction
to
Salutati 1985.
SANCHES, FRANCISCO
(Sánchez; Sanctius) b. Tuy or Valenca do Minho,
1550/1;
d. Toulouse, 1623. Portuguese physician
and
philosopher. Studied
at
Collège
de
Guyenne,
Bordeaux,
1562-9.
Studied medicine
at
Rome,
1569-73.
Baccalaureus
of
medicine
at
Montpellier,
1573; 1574
doctor and professor
of
medicine
there.
Moved
to
Toulouse, 1575.
Director
of
Hotel de
Dieu-St
Jacques, Toulouse,
1582-1612.
From
1585,
professor
of
liberal
arts
in the
university
there;
and
from
1612,
professor
of
medicine. Wrote medical works;
commentaries
on
Aristotle's
De
divinatone
per
somnum,
De
longitudine
and the
pseudo-
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
836
Biobibliographies
Aristotelian Physiognomica; Obiectiones
et
erotemata super geométricas Euclidis demonstrationes
(i
575);
Carmen de cometa
anni
1577
(1578).
His most influential book, Quod nihil scitur
(1576),
attacks scholastic method, asserting
that
perfect knowledge
is
unattainable
by man, who
must
be
content with
the
limited information attainable from cautious
and
rigorous
experiment
and
observation; became
a
standard
work
of
sceptical philosophy.
I DSB xii, pp. 97-8; EF v, cols. 991-2;
Lohr
1980, pp. 709-10;
Solana
1, pp. 377-406.
II
Iriarte
1935, 1940; Cruz Costa
1942;
Moreira
de Sá
1947;
Francisco Sanches
1951;
Crescini
1965,
pp. 243-70; Miccolis 1965;
Popkin
1979, pp. 36-41;
Carvalho
1978-,
11,
pp.
505-89.
SCALIGER,
JULIUS
C
A
E
s A R
b. Padua,
1484;
d.
Agen,
1558.
Italian-French humanist. Born
Giulio
Bordón,
but
later (after moving
to
France) claimed
to
descend from
the
noble Delia
Scala
family. Studied philosophy
at
Padua
1515-19,
where doctor
artium.
Worked
on
translation
of
Plutarch
in
Venice,
1521—4.
From 1524 physician
to
Bishop Antonio Delia
Rovere
at
Agen.
Upheld Cicero against criticisms
of
Erasmus,
1528—31.
In
1532-3
consul of
Agen.
Summoned before Inquisition
as
Huguenot, 1538. Wrote several commentaries
on
Peripatetic works, including Aristotle's Historia
animalium
and De
planus (which
he
recognised
to be
spurious),
and
Theophrastus'
De
causis
plantarum.
Also
wrote Exotericae
exercitationes
(1557)
in
response
to
Cardano's
De
subtilitate;
De
causis linguae Latinae (1540);
and Poetices libri
VII
(1561).
I CTC
11,
pp. 269-71; DSB xii, pp. 134-6; EF v, cols. 1036-7;
Lohr
1980, pp.
714-16.
II Weinberg 1942,
1961
passim; V. Hall
1950;
M. Billanovich 1968; Ferraro
1971;
Occult and
Scientific Mentalities 1984,
pp.
231-52
(Maclean);
Jensen
1985.
SCHEGK, JACOB
(Jacobus Schegkius;
Scheggius;
Degen) b. Schorndorf,
1511;
d.
Tubingen,
1587.
German Lutheran philosopher. Early education
in
Latin, Greek, Hebrew, rhetoric.
Studied
at
Tubingen from 1527 (including theology
and
medicine); from
1532,
professor of
logic
and
held various
official
positions there; 1553 professor
of
philosophy
and
medicine.
Retired
1577
because
of
blindness. Translated Alexander
of
Aphrodisias'
De
mixtione (1540),
Pachymeres'
paraphrase
of
pseudo-Aristotelian
De
lineis insecabilibus
(1542);
edited Greek
version
of De
anima
with excerpts from Simplicius' commentary
(1544);
wrote many
commentaries
on
Aristotelian works
or
themes. Engaged
in
polemic with Ramus, c. 1570.
I CTC 1, p. 113; DSB XII, pp.
150—1;
Lohr
1980, pp. 718-20.
II Sigwart 1889; Petersen 1921 passim;
N. W.
Gilbert i960,
pp.
158-62;
Vasoli
1968a,
pp.
527-30, 573-8; Pagel 1969-70.
SOTO, DOMINGO
DE,
O.P. b.
Segovia,
1495;
d.
Salamanca, 1560. Spanish Dominican
philosopher
and
theologian. Studied
at
Alcalá
c.
1512-16.
From
1516
studied
at
Paris
under
John
Mair. Taught philosophy
at
Alcalá,
1520-4.
Doctor theologiae,
1525;
joined Dominicans
at Burgos. Taught philosophy
and
theology
at
Salamanca,
1525-49,
1552—60.
In
1540-2,
1544-5,
1550—2,
1556-60 Prior
of St
Esteban.
At
Council
of
Trent,
1545—7.
Confessor
to
Charles
V in
Germany,
1548-50.
President
of
Junta
de
Valladolid (concerning wars against
the Indians),
1550-1.
Associated with
the
sixteenth-century scholastic revival. Wrote
commentaries
on
Aristotle's logical works, Physics,
De
anima
and on the fourth book
of
Peter
Lombard's Sententiae; also wrote
De
iustitia
et
iure libri
X
(1553-4).
I CHLMP,
p.
859;
DSB
XII,
pp.
547-8;
DTC
xiv,
cols.
2423-31;
Lohr 1982,
pp.
167-70;
Solana
in, pp. 91-130.
II Garcia Villoslada 1938 passim; Brufau
Prats
i960; Cura i960,
1961;
Beltrán
de
Heredia
i960; Hamilton 1963; Muñoz Delgado
1964b;
Di
Vona 1968 passim; Andrés
1976-7,
11,
pp. 362-5
and
passim;
Lewis
1980 passim; Wallace 1981a passim.
STEUCO, AGOSTINO
(Steuchus)
b.
Gubbio,
1497/8;
d.
Venice,
1548. Italian philosopher,
theologian, biblical exegete.
In
Augustinian convent
of
Gubbio,
1512/13-1517.
In
1518-25
studied
at
Bologna, learning several oriental languages
and
Greek. Librarian
to
Cardinal
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