Schmitt C.B. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy
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Biobibliographies
837
Grimani
of
Venice,
1525-9.
Practised religious duties
at
Reggio
1529-33
and
1533—4
at
Gubbio.
In
1534 moved
to
Rome.
In
1538 named Bishop
of
Kisamos,
Crete
and
appointed
librarian
of
Vatican Library. Attended Council of Trent 1546,
returning
to
Bologna 1548.
Wrote Cosmopeia
(1535);
De
perenni philosophia (1540), upholding prisca theologia
and
attempting
to
combine pagan philosophy with
the
Christian tradition.
I EF vi, col. 173; Saitta
11,
pp. 79-82.
II Ebert 1929-30; Freudenberger
1935;
Filosofía e cultura
1967,
pp. 459~
8
9
(
Di
Napoli), 491-
9 (Wiedmann); introduction
to
Steuco 1540
(repr.
New
York,
1972);
Julien Eymard
d'Angers
1976,
§ iv;
Schmitt 1981, §§ 1
and
11.
SUÁREZ, FRANCISCO,
S.J. b.
Granada, 1548;
d.
Lisbon,
1617.
Spanish
Jesuit
philosopher,
theologian, jurist. Entered Society
of
Jesus, 1564. Studied law, philosophy
and
theology
at
Salamanca. Taught philosophy
at
Segovia,
1571-4.
Taught theology
at
Valladolid,
I574~5;
at Segovia
and
Avila,
1575-6;
at
Valladolid,
1576-80;
at
Collegio
Romano,
1580-5;
at
Alcalá,
1585-93;
at
Salamanca,
1593-7;
at
Coimbra,
1597-1616.
Visited Rome, 1604-6.
Prominent
in the
Counter-Reformation revival
of
scholasticism. Wrote
De
legibus
(1612);
commentaries
and
treatises
on
many works
of
Aristotle.
I CHLMP, p. 859;
DTCxiv,
cols.
2638-728; Lohr 1982, pp.
180-7;
Solana
111,
pp. 453~5i3;
Totok, pp. 545-62.
II Werner 1889; Lewalter 1935; Masi 1947; Alcorta 1949; Iturrioz 1949; Cronin 1966;
Seigfried
1967; Lohr
1976b;
Andrés
1976-7
passim; Simposio Francisco Suárez
1980;
Castellote
1982.
TARTARETUS, PETRUS
d.
Paris, c. 1522. French Scotist philosopher
and
theologian.
1484
M.A.
at
Paris; 1490 rector; 1496 licentiatus theologiae; 1500
magister
theologiae. Wrote many
logical
works which stress Scotist realism
in
opposition
to
Ockhamist nominalism.
Also
wrote Quaestiones
on
Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics.
I
DTC
xv,
cols.
58-9; Duhem SMx, pp.
97-105
and passim; EFvi,
cols.
320-1;
Lohr 1972,
pp. 372-6;
Prantl
iv, pp. 204-9.
II Garcia Villoslada 1938 passim; Élie
1950-1,
pp. 202,
215, 226; Renaudet 1953 passim.
TELESIO, BERNARDINO
b.
Cosenza, 1509;
d.
Cosenza, 1588. Italian
natural
philosopher.
Studied philosophy
and
mathematics
at
Padua, obtaining doctorate 1535. Published
three
versions
of
his major work,
De
rerum
natura
(1565,
1570,
and
much enlarged
in
1586).
Later
years were mainly
-
except
for
long visits
to
Naples
-
passed
in
Cosenza, where
he
founded
Accademia Cosentina
to
promote study
of
natural
philosophy according
to
his own principles
and methods. Rejected Aristotelian doctrines
and
claimed authority
for his own
system
based
on
sense experience
and
nature.
I
DSB
xm, pp. 277-80; EF
vi,
cols.
363-8; Garin II, pp. 644-56 and passim; Saitta m, pp.
1—
79-
II Fiorentino
1872-4;
Gentile
1911;
Zavattari 1923; Van Deusen 1932; Abbagnano 1941;
Soleri 1945; Firpo
1950-1,
42: 30-47; Garin 1961, pp. 432—50; Kristeller 1964a, pp. 91-
109;
Delcorno 1967;
Di
Napoli 1973,
ch. 7.
TEMPLE, WILLIAM
b.
Stower (Dorset), 1555;
d.
Dublin,
1626/7.
English Ramist
philosopher
and
divine. Studied
at
Cambridge. Upheld Ramist logic
in
polemic with
Aristotelian Everard Digby, against whom
he
wrote Admonitio
de
unica
P.
Rami
methodo
retinenda (1580). Secretary
to
Sir Philip Sidney
at
Zutphen,
1585.
In
1594 secretary
of
Earl of
Essex.
Provost
of
Trinity
College,
Dublin, 1609.
Active
in
Irish politics,
for
which
he
was
knighted, 1622.
I DNB xix, pp. 520-2; Lohr 1982, pp.
191-2.
II
Freudenthal
1890-1;
Sortais 1920, 1, pp. 53-64; Howell 1956, pp. 194—6, 204-6; Ong
1958a,
passim;
N. W. Gilbert i960, pp. 202, 206-9; L-
Jardine
1974a,
pp. 59-69.
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
838
Biobibliographies
TITELMANS, FRANS,
O.F.M.
Obs. (FranciscusTitelmannus) b. Hasselt,
1502;
d.
Anticolidi
Campagna
(Lazio),
1537.
Dutch philosopher
and
theologian. From
1518
studied
and
taught
at
'Het
Varken'
of
the University
of
Louvain.
In
1523 entered
the
Franciscan Order there,
teaching philosophy
and
theology
in its
school,
1523-36.
In
1527-30
engaged
in
polemic
with
Erasmus
on
Pauline
exegesis.
Joined
O.F.M.
Cap.
at
Rome
1536,
where involved in care
of
sick.
In
1537 became provincial
of the
order's Roman province. Wrote Compendia
on
Aristotelian
logic
and
natural
philosophy.
I DTC xv, cols.
1144-6;
Lohr
1982, pp. 196-8;
Thorndike
v, pp.
147-52.
II Paquay 1906; Gomes
dos
Santos 1955; Vosters 1962; Ashworth
1974a
passim.
TOLETUS, FRANCISCUS,
SJ.
(Francisco
de
Toledo)
b.
Cordoba, 1532;
d.
Rome, 1596.
Spanish
Jesuit
philosopher
and
theologian. Studied philosophy
at
Zaragoza
or
Valencia
and
theology
at
Salamanca while teaching philosophy there. Joined Jesuits, 1558.
In
1559—62
professor
of
philosophy
at
Collegio
Romano; professor
of
theology,
1562-9.
Preached
in
papal court. Sent
on
diplomatic missions
to
various countries from
1571,
including
that
to
convert Henri
IV of
France, 1596. Cardinal, 1593. Wrote influential commentaries
on
Aristotelian
works, including Physics,
De
anima
and De
generatione
et
corruptione; also
a
commentary
on the
Summa
theologiae.
I DTC xv, cols. 1223-5; EF vi, cols. 497-8; Giacon
11,
pp. 25-44, 5
I-
65;
Lohr
1982, 199-
201;
Solana
in, pp.
311-37.
II Stegmuller
1935b;
Gomez Hellin
1940;
Echarri
1950;
Garcia Villoslada
1954.
passim; Lohr
1976b;
Lewis
1980
ad
indicem.
VALLA,
GIORGIO
(Georgius
Valla)
b.
Piacenza,
1447;
d.
Venice,
1500. Italian humanist
and
translator.
Studied
at
Milan
and
Pavia. Taught
at
Milan, possibly
1467-9;
at
Genoa,
1477-8;
and
at
Pavia, intermittently 1466—84. Went
to
Venice,
1485.
In
1496 imprisoned
by the
Council
of Ten in
connection with Milanese intrigues; eventually released after being
proved innocent. Wrote commentaries
on
Greek
and
Latin authors, e.g.,
Cicero,
Juvenal,
Ptolemy.
Translated Greek scientific
and
mathematical works,
e.g.,
Alexander
of
Aphrodisias,
Euclid, Galen, Psellus.
Also
wrote
the
encyclopaedic treatise
De
expetendis
et
fugiendis rebus (published
1501).
I CTC
1, p. 126.
II Heiberg 1894, 1896; Clagett 1964-84,
m, 3, pp.
461-75;
Rose
1975
passim; Giorgio Valla
1981.
VALLA,
LORENZO
b.
Rome, 1407;
d.
Rome, 1457. Italian humanist. Studied
at
Rome.
Taught eloquentia
at
Pavia,
1429—33.
From 1437 secretary
to
Alfonso
of
Aragon.
In 1448
returned
to
Rome, becoming papal secretary
and
professor
at
university. Developed
a
philological
approach
to
classical, literary, scriptural
and
historical scholarship: e.g., Defalso
credita
et
ementita Constantini donatione declamatio; Elegantiae linguae Latinae; Collatio Novi
Testamenti.
His
Dialecticae disputationes attacks Aristotelian
and
scholastic logic
and
reformulates principles
of
dialectic
on the
basis
of
rhetoric.
Also
wrote
De
libero arbitrio;
and
De
voluptate, later reworked
as De
vero bono, examining Stoic, Epicurean
and
Christian
conceptions
of the
true
good. Translated Herodotus
and
Thucydides.
I CHLMP,
p.
871;
EFvi,
cols.
809-11;
Garin
I,
pp.
311-16;
Lohr
1971,
pp.
315-16;
Saittai,
pp. 199-269.
II Mancini
1891;
Casacci 1926; Gaeta
1955;
Kristeller
1964a,
pp.
19-36;
Gray 1965;
Vasoli
1968a,
pp.
37-77
and
passim; Fois
1969;
Trinkaus
1970
passim;
Di
Napoli 1971;
Camporeale 1972, 1976; Gravelle 1972; Giannantonio 1972; Gerl 1974; Setz 1975;
L.
Jardine
1977, 1983; Panizza 1978; Kessler 1980; Vickers 1986.
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Biobibliographies
839
VALLES,
FRANCISCO
(Franciscus
Vallesius)
b.
Covarrubias,
1524;
d.
Burgos,
1592.
Spanish
humanist, philosopher, physician. Studied
at
Alcalá;
1553 doctor medicinae; 1554 professor
of
medicine.
In
1572 appointed physician
to
Philip
II.
Wrote
De
iis
quae scripta
sunt
physka
in
libris
sacris
(1587),
an
exegesis
of
passages from Scripture touching
on
natural
philosophical
themes, including astrology, divination, etc.
Also
wrote commentaries
on
Aristotle's Physics
(1562)
and
Meteorology
(1558);
many works
on
medical topics.
I
EF
vi,
col.
812; Lohr 1982,
p.
209;
Solana
11,
pp.
297-347.
II Bullón 1905,
pp.
131-51;
Ortega
and
Marcos 1914-
VERGERIO,
PIER
PAOLO
(the Elder) b. Capodistria, 1370; d. Budapest, 1444. Italian
humanist. Taught
at
Florence, 1386;
at
Bologna, 1388-90;
and
at
Padua,
1390-7.
Studied
Greek
under
Manuel Chrysoloras
at
Florence, 1398-1400. Returned
to
Padua, 1400-5.
In
1405
joined court
of
Pope Innocent VII, staying with
his
successor Gregory XII until 1409.
Attended Council
of
Constance,
1414-18.
In
1418 accompanied
King
(later Emperor)
Sigismund
of
Luxemburg
to his
domains
in
Bohemia
and
Hungary, remaining with
imperial court until Sigismund's death
in
1437. Wrote
De
ingenuis moribus (c.
1401-2),
an
influential humanist
treatise
on
education;
De
república véneta; Latin letters.
I CTC in, p. 5; EF vi,
cols.
874-6; Saitta 1, pp.
275-81.
II
C.
BischofF
1909;
Pierantoni 1920; L. Smith
1928;
introduction
to
Vergerio 1934; Robey
1969,1973,1980;
Robey and Law
1975;
L'umanesimo inlstria 1983, pp. 7-18 (Robey), 273-
356
(Perosa).
VERNIA, NICOLETTO
(Nicolettus Vernias Theatinus)
b.
Chieti, 1420;
d.
Vicenza,
1499.
Italian philosopher. Studied
at
Pavia. Student
of
Paul
of
Pérgula
in
logic
at
Venice
and of
Gaetano
da
Thiene
in
natural
philosophy
at
Padua. Doctor
artium,
Padua, 1458; 1465—99
succeeded Gaetano
as
professor
of
philosophy; 1495 doctor medicinae;
his
pupils included
Agostino
Nifo
and
Giovanni
Pico.
Edited scholastic texts. Most
of
his earlier works were
straightforwardly Averroistic: e.g., Quaestiones an
dentur
universalia realia, which
attempts
to
demonstrate
agreement between Averroes
and
Albertus Magnus
on the
doctrine oiinchoatio
formarum.
Gradually withdrew from extreme Averroism
under
influence
of
Ermolao
Bárbaro
and in an
effort
to
reassert
his
orthodoxy after Pietro Barozzi's Decretum contra
disputantes
de
unitate
intellectus (1489).
I EF vi, col 892; Garin I, pp. 450-4,
535-7;
Lohr 1972, pp.
308-11.
II Ragnisco
1890-1,
1891;
Nardi 1958,
pp.
95-126
and passim, 1965 passim;
Di
Napoli 1963
passim;
Vasoli
1968b,
pp.
241-56;
Mahoney 1968,
1978;
Philosophy and
Humanism
1976,
pp. 144-63 (Mahoney); Aristotelismo véneto 1983, 11,
pp.
813—42 (Pagallo); Scienza
e
filosofía
1983,
pp.
135-202 (Mahoney).
VERSOR, JOHANNES,
O.P.
(Jean
LeTourneur)
d.
c. 1485. French Thomist philosopher
and
commentator.
By
1435
M.A., Paris;
1458
rector
and
magister
theologiae. Proponent
of
Thomism against Albertism. Wrote commentaries
on
Aristotle's Prior
and
Posterior
Analytics, Topics, Sophistici elenchi, Metaphysics, Ethics, Politics, etc.
Also
commented
on the
Summule
logicales
of
Peter
of
Spain
and De
ente
et
essentia
of
Thomas Aquinas.
I Duhem SM x, pp.
111-30;
EF m, col. 209; Lohr 1971, pp. 290-9.
II Senko
1958-9;
Riesco 1966; Birkenmajer 1970,
§
23.
VETTORI,
PIER
(Petrus Victorius)
b.
Florence,
1499;
d.
Florence,
1585.
Florentine
humanist.
In
1522-3
visited Barcelona
and
Rome.
Active
in
defence
of
Florence,
1529-30.
Private study
at
San
Casciano,
1530-4.
In
1534
returned
to
Florence
and
worked
on
edition
of
Cicero.
In
1537
visited Rome. From 1538 professor
of
Latin
at
Florentine Studio;
1543,
of
Greek
language
and
literature;
1548,
of
moral philosophy. Wrote commentaries
on
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
840
Biobib
liograp h
ies
Aristotle's
Nicomachean Ethics
(1584),
Politics
(1576),
Rhetoric (1548)
and
Poetics (1560).
I
CTC
11,
pp.
35-6;
DCLI
in,
pp.
614-16;
Lohr 1982,
pp.
220-2.
II Riidiger 1896; Niccolai
1912;
Weinberg 1961
ad
indicem;
R.
Pfeiffer 1976,
pp.
i35~6;
Porro 1983; Grafton
1983-,
1, ad
indicem.
VIMERCATO, FRANCESCO
(Franciscus Vicomercatus)
b.
Milan, c.
1512;
d.
Turin, c.
1571-
Italian philosopher. Studied philosophy at Bologna, Pavia, Padua. From
c.
1540 taught logic
in
Collège
du
Plessis, Paris. First incumbent
of
chair
of
Greek
and
Latin philosophy
at
Collège
Royal,
1542-61.
In
1543-4
supported polemic against Ramus. Professor
of
philosophy
at
University of
Mondovi,
1561;
councillor
to
Duke
of
Savoy;
1567-70
ducal
ambassador
to
Milan. Wrote commentaries
on
many Aristotelian works; also,
De
anima
rationali peripatetica
(1543);
De
principiis
rerum
naturalium
(posthumously published
1596).
Contributed
to
Renaissance revival
of
Plato-Aristotle comparatio with
his De
placitis
naturalibus Platonis
et
Aristotelis (MS,
c.
1540).
I EF vi, col. 927; Lohr 1982, pp.
217-19.
II Busson
1957,
pp.
191-212;
Nardi 1958, pp. 404-10; N. W. Gilbert
1965;
Schmitt
1983a,
pp. 78-81 and passim.
VITORIA,
FRANCISCO
DE, O.P. b. Vitoria or Burgos, 1483/92; d. Salamanca, 1546.
Spanish Thomist theologian and jurist.
In
1505
joined Dominican Order
at
Burgos. Studied
Latin
and Greek
at
Paris
or
Burgos,
1506—9.
Studied physics, mathematics and
logic,
1509—
10.
By
1512
had begun theological studies
under
Petrus Crockaert, editing Thomas Aquinas'
Secunda secundae. Doctor theologiae, 1522. Professor
of
theology
at
Dominican
Studium
in
Valladolid,
1523—6.
First professor
of
theology
at
Salamanca, 1526.
In
1527 ordered
by
Spanish Inquisition to participate in
Valladolid
conference examining works and influence in
Spain
of Erasmus, whom
he
criticised
for
certain unorthodoxies;
but
continued
to
support
humanist approach
to
literary style
and
classical learning. Contributed
to the
theory
and
practice of war and colonisation (defending
the
rights of
Indians
in
America). Formulated
concept
of
international law
and
government.
I DTC xv,
cols.
3117-44;
EF vi,
cols.
992-5; Farge, pp.
424-31;
Solana in, pp. 43-89.
II Getino 1930; Garcia Villoslada 1938 passim; Beltran
de
Heredia 1939; Gonzalez 1946;
Hamilton 1963; Norena 1975,
pp.
36—149
and passim; Fernandez-Santamaria 1977,
pp.
58-119;
Pagden 1982.
VITTORINO
DA
FELTRE
b. Feltre,
1378;
d.
Mantua, 1446. Italian humanist and educator.
Studied
arts
at
Padua from 1396; afterwards mathematics
under
Blasius of Parma. Taught
grammar and mathematics
at
Padua until c.
1415.
Moved
to
Venice,
studying Greek with
Guarino
da
Verona.
In
1419
returned
to
teach
at
Padua. Succeeded Barzizza
in
chair
of
rhetoric, 1421.
In
1422
returned
to
Venice,
opening school
there
in
1423. Later
in
1423
accepted
invitation by Gianfrancesco Gonzaga
of
Mantua to become ducal
tutor.
His school
(the Giocosa)
in
Mantua
attracted
children
of
patrician families
and of
other humanists;
curriculum included Latin
and
Greek, arithmetic, geometry,
natural
science, music
and
logic;
George
of
Trebizond
and
Theodore Gaza taught Greek there.
I
EF
vi,
cols.
997-9;
EI
xxxv,
p. 505.
II Woodward 1897; Vittorino da Feltre nel
V
centenario
1946; Vittorino da Feltre: pubblicazione
1947;
Bosio Boz 1947; Vittorino da Feltre
e la
sua scuola 1981;
G.
Mùller 1984.
VIVES,
JUAN
LUIS
b. Valencia, 1492; d. Bruges, 1540. Spanish
humanist,
philosopher,
educational and social theorist. Studied at
Valencia,
1508;
and at
Collège
de Montaigu, Paris,
1509-12.
Tutored and studied privately
in
Bruges,
1512-16.
Taught privately
at
Louvain,
1517-23.
In
contact with Erasmus. Published
De
initiis, sectis
et
laudibus philosophiae and
In
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Biobibliographies
pseudodialecticos (both 1520)
and a
commentary
on
Augustine's
De
civitate
Dei
(1522).
Lectured
at
Oxford,
1523-5.
Attended English court,
1526-8.
Returned
to
tutoring
and
private study
in
Bruges 1528-36, publishing
De
disciplinis
(1531)-
Counsellor
to
Duchess of
Nassau,
1537-9.
Published De
animaetvita
(1538).
Strong opponent
of
scholastic philosophy,
especially
logic; influenced
by
Lorenzo
Valla.
I
DSBxiv,
pp. 47-8; EFvi, cols. 1000-2; Lohr 1982, pp. 224-6; Solanai, pp. 33-208; Totok,
pp. 492-9.
II Kater 1908;
F.
Pfeiffer 1924; Bonilla
y
San Martin 1929; Sancipriano
1957;
Vasoli 1968a,
pp. 214-46; Noreiia 1970, 1975,
pp.
1-35;
Juan
Luis Vives 1981.
ZABARELLA,
JACOPO
(Giacomo; Jacobus)
b.
Padua, 1533;
d.
Padua, 1589. Paduan
Aristotelian philosopher. Studied humanities, logic,
natural
philosophy and mathematics
at
Padua;
doctor
artium,
1553;
held professorship
of
logic
and
natural
philosophy. Member
of
the
Accademia
degli Stabili. Wrote influential works
on
logic
(in
particular
on
method)
and
natural
philosophy, including Opera
logica
(1578);
Tabulae
logicae
(1580);
De
naturalis scientiae
constitutione (1586);
De
rebus naturalibus (1590); also, many commentaries
on
Aristotelian
works.
I DSB xiv, pp. 580-2; EF vi, cols.
1187-9;
Garin II, pp. 548-58; Lohr 1982, pp. 233-42.
II
W. F.
Edwards i960, 1969; Aristotelismo padovano i960,
pp.
91-107
(W. F.
Edwards);
Randall
1961
passim; Di Napoli
1963,
pp.
376—9;
Risse 1964, pp. 278-90; Poppi
1970a,
pp.
37-43,
1972a,
1972b;
Bottin
1972;
Crescini 1972passim; Schmitt
1981,
§ vm; Aristotelismo
veneto 1983,
1, pp.
155—72
(Risse).
ZIMARA,
MARCANTONIO
b. S. Pietro
in
Galatina (Lecce), c.
1475;
d.
Padua, 1532. Italian
philosopher. From
c. 1497
studied philosophy at Padua under Nifo and Pomponazzi;
1501-5
taught logic while studying medicine there; 1505-9 professor
of
natural
philosophy. Moved
to S. Pietro in Galatina,
1509—18.
Professor
of
natural
philosophy and theoretical medicine at
Salerno,
1518/19—22.
Lectured on metaphysics
at
Naples,
1522-3.
Professor
of
philosophy
at
Padua,
1525-8.
Edited works
by
Jean
de
Jandun,
Albertus Magnus
and
Johannes
Baconthorpe. Wrote commentaries and treatises
on
Aristotelian and Averroistic works and
themes. His Tabula dilucidationum
in
dictis Aristotelis
et
Averrois
(1537;
reprinted frequently)
became
standard
indices
to
Aristotle
and
Averroes.
I EF vi, cols.
1212—13;
Lohr 1982, pp. 245-54.
II Nardi 1958,
pp.
321-63;
Aristotelismo padovano i960,
pp.
41—51
(Corvino); Poppi 1966,
pp.
237-56;
Papuli 1967 adindicem; Antonaci
1970,1971-8;
Aristotelismo veneto
1983,1,
pp.
415-34
(Antonaci); Scienza
e
Jilosojia 1983,
pp.
315-28
(Antonaci).
ZWINGER, THEODOR
(the
Younger)
b.
Basle,
1533;
d.
Basle, 1588. Swiss physician
and
philosopher. Studied philosophy
at
Basle. Apprenticed
to a
Lyons publishing house, 1548-
51.
Studied languages
at
Paris,
1551-3,
where
he
made contact with Ramus. Studied
medicine
at
Padua,
1553-9.
Professor
of
Greek language
at
University
of
Basle,
1565-71;
professor
of
ethics,
1571—80;
professor
of
theoretical medicine
1580—8.
His works include the
encyclopaedic
Theatrum
vitae humanae
(1565;
greatly enlarged in 1586) and commentaries on
Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics
and
Politics. Edited works
of
Francesco
da
Diacceto
(1563).
I Lohr 1982,
p.
256.
II Karcher 1956; Portmanns 1969;
Gilly
1977—9.
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