Pumping Station Desing - Second Edition by Robert L. Sanks, George Tchobahoglous, Garr M. Jones
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F-3. Reference
1.
Colgate,
C.,
Jr.,
J. J.
Russell,
and R.
Germain.
National
Trade
and
Professional
Associations
of
the
United
States, 32nd
ed.
Columbia
Books Inc., Publishers, Washington,
DC
(1997).
Appendix
G
Checklist
for
Project
Reviews
LEROY
R.
TAYLOR
CONTRIBUTORS
Raymond
L.
Elliott
Morton
Wasserman
The
purpose
of
this appendix
is to
present
a
series
of
checklists
as a
guide
to
ensure
the
consideration
of
impor-
tant
aspects
of
design.
It
does not, however, include
all
aspects
for
every kind
of
pumping station,
so add to it as
necessary.
G-1.
Civil Design Checklist
This list should
be
reviewed
by a
civil engineer.
1.
Construction facilities.
a.
Access, staging area, borrow area, special erosion-control facilities.
b.
Waste area.
2.
Fence location, details.
3.
Grading
and
drainage.
a.
Existing
and finish
grades
and two
benchmarks shown.
b.
Corrective measures
for
undrainable areas.
c.
Flood elevation shown
and
accommodated.
d.
Off-site
irrigation
and
drainage maintained.
e.
Culvert location, size,
and
material.
f.
Storm sewers
at
large sites.
4.
Irrigation plan.
5.
Landscaping plan: planting
and
seeding.
6.
Location, size,
and
material
of
interfering utilities, power poles,
and
structures.
7.
Paving.
a.
Thickness design.
b.
Area, elevations.
c.
Drainage.
d.
Cross-sections.
8.
Property lines: bearings, distances, ties,
future
additions.
9.
Specifications: cover
all
materials
and
workmanship.
10.
Test hole information shown: location, materials, depth
to
water, date measured.
11.
Walkway locations, details.
12.
Handicap parking
and
access.
13.
Plan review
by
civil
and
geotechnical engineer.
14.
Cost estimates.
G-2.
Structural/Geotechnical/Architectural
Design
Checklist
This list should
be
reviewed
by a
structural engineer,
a
geotechnical engineer,
and an
architect.
15.
Buoyancy checked.
16.
Soils.
a.
Bearing, subsidence, compaction.
b.
Lateral pressure.
c.
Pile bearing.
17.
Clearance around
and
over equipment adequate
for
maintenance and/or replacement.
18.
Door details: louvers, weatherstripping, sills, sections.
19.
Door
and
window
schedules—no
windows
at
sites where vandals have easy access.
20.
Finish details
and
color schedule.
21.
Footing depth below
frost
line.
22.
Gutter, downspout,
and
roof drainage details.
23.
Hardware schedule
and
keying.
24.
Leakage tests
of
water-holding basins required.
25.
Orientation
to
sun.
26.
Provisions made
for
dewatering, foundation drains, etc.
27.
Roof
and
flashing
details; slope roof
to
gutters
or
drains.
28.
Disinfection
of
potable water-holding basins required.
29.
Handrailing.
a.
Around hazardous areas (open water basins, walkways, stairs,
floors,
etc.).
b.
Cages
and
landings
for
ladders.
30.
Specifications cover
all
materials
and
workmanship.
31.
Structural continuity
and
integrity.
32.
Traffic
patterns analyzed.
33.
Waterstops called
out and
detailed.
34.
Expansion joints
in
masonry walls (include corner provisions).
35.
Coping
and flashing on
parapet walls.
36.
Flashing
and
drainage
for flat
roofs.
37.
No
interior wall penetrations into hazardous areas.
38.
Plan review
by
structural engineer
and
architect.
39.
Cost estimates.
G-3.
Electrical
Design
Checklist
This list should
be
reviewed
by an
electrical engineer. Consult Section
9-12
in
addition
to the
following.
40.
Conduit.
a.
Material, size, concealed versus exposed.
b.
Control
and
power circuit separation.
c. No
junction boxes
in wet
well
or
other places
of
condensing humidity.
41.
Drivers.
a.
Characteristics suitable
for
proposed service.
b.
Nonreverse
ratchet
if
required
by
pump.
c.
Lubrication, bearing type,
and
life.
d.
Explosion
and
weather hazards considered
in
choosing motor type.
42.
Explosion hazards
and
grounding.
43.
Illumination.
a.
Fixture type.
b.
Photocell control
for
outside lighting.
c.
Switching locations.
d.
Work areas covered.
44.
Specifications:
all
materials
are
covered.
45.
Switchgear
and
motor starters.
a.
Sizing,
fused
on all
three legs, clearance
from
waterlines, adequate spare
circuits.
b.
Corrosion potential.
c.
Protection
from
lightning.
46.
Wiring: material, size, number
of
conductors.
47.
Review
by
electrical engineer.
a.
Concept.
b.
Constructability.
c.
Plans. Adequate space
in
front
of and
behind panels
and
around other electrical gear.
d.
Specifications.
e.
Schedule.
f.
Cost estimates.
G-4. Instrumentation
and
Control Checklist
This list should
be
reviewed
by an
expert
in
instrumentation
and
control.
48.
Control cable.
a.
Provisions
for
protection
from
lightning
and
voltage spikes.
b.
Provisions
for
damping inductance.
c.
Telephone cable
of
proper grade.
49.
Instruments
and
controllers.
a.
Proper range, units, visibility.
b.
Environment controlled-temperature range, dust, humidity, etc.
50.
Power supply.
a.
Adequacy, reliability, back-up power.
b.
Failsafe provisions.
51.
Process
and
instrumentation diagrams.
a.
All
functions
covered, logic correct.
b.
Alarms
and
alarm silencer
for
critical
functions.
c.
All
interconnects covered.
d.
Control stability, time delay requirements.
e.
Interlocks
not too
complex.
f.
Provisions
for
expansion.
52.
Specifications cover
all
materials.
53.
Plan review
by
instrumentation
and
control engineer.
54.
Transmitters
and
receivers.
a.
Freeze-up, heat,
and
humidity problems considered.
b.
Lightning protection.
55.
Cost estimates.
G-5. Cross-Connection Control
This
list
may be
reviewed
by
either
a
civil
or a
mechanical engineer.
Water
Plants
56.
Cross-connections
in
water plants
can
result
in
contamination
of
potable water supplies
by
untreated
or
par-
tially
treated water, chemicals, sanitary wastes, drainage water,
and
similar hazardous sources. During
design reviews,
a
checklist should
be
used
to
spot hazards. Include
the
following:
a.
Inadvertent pipe connections between systems eliminated.
b.
Avoid potential cross-connections
due to
hoses.
c.
Back siphonage hazards eliminated.
d.
Backflow
prevention
for
underground sprinkler systems, pump water seal systems, cooling water sys-
tems,
etc.; provide
air gap on a
receiving tank,
if
possible.
e.
Water
and
sewer line crossings meet state standards.
f.
Positive intake pressure
is
maintained
on
booster pumps.
g.
Pump suction lines
are not
buried
(or at
least negative pressure
is
prevented); burial
is
satisfactory
for
raw
water before treatment.
h.
Backflow
preventers
in floodproof
location (above
flood
elevation).
i.
Operation
and
maintenance instructions include cross-connection-control program.
Wastewater
Plants
57.
Cross-connection hazards
in
wastewater plants
are
similar
to
those
in a
water plant,
but
sanitary hazards
are
much
more dangerous.
A
backflow
preventer should
be
installed
on the
main water supply
line
to the
plant
and
an air gap
should
be
provided
on
hose bibbs where
the
hose
may
inadvertently
be
left
in a
tank
or
other
sanitary
or
chemical hazard. Extra vigilance must
be
used
to
spot actual pipe cross-connections during both
design
and
construction. Because there
are
often
a
number
of
grades
of
water (such
as
potable
and
plant
effluent),
pipe-marking systems
are
especially important. Keep
backflow
preventers above
flood
level
and
vent
to the
outside
of the
building. Angele
[1] and
AWWA
M-14
[2]
give more complete discussions.
G-6. Mechanical Design Checklist
This
list should
be
reviewed
in
general
by a
civil
or
mechanical engineer. Parts
of it
require specialists
in
heating
and
ventilating, engines, pumps, control
and
instrumentation, water hammer analysis,
and
hydraulics.
58.
Auxiliary power.
a. Air
cooling systems adequate.
b.
Alarm systems
for
critical
functions.
c.
Automatic start system
and
timer
for
critical systems, marked
to
indicate hazard
of
automatic starting.
d.
Coupling
on
shaft
shielded
for
safety.
e.
Engine horsepower adequate
for
start-up
and
continuous duty
after
derating
for
elevation.
f.
Exhaust system meets requirements
for
neighborhood noise levels,
is
insulated
from
flammable
materi-
als,
and is
installed above snow level.
g.
Fuel systems
and
capacity.
h.
Water cooling systems protected against freeze-up
and
separated
by air gap
from
potable water systems.
i.
Heat recovery feasibility.
j.
Chlorine gas: design
feed
rates.
59.
Drivers—see
Electrical Design Checklist.
60.
Flowmeter.
a.
Clearance
from
obstructions
and flow
disturbances (adequate length
of
straight pipe
on
both ends).
b.
Sizing
and
proper units
for
readout.
c.
Volumetric accuracy. Calibrate
in
situ
for
guaranteed accuracy.
d.
Bypass
for
removal
or
cleaning.
61.
Heating, ventilating,
and air
conditioning.
a. Air
inlet, exhaust,
and fan
adequate
for
motor cooling.
b.
Floor level exhaust
for
chlorine room with outside switch
and
high level
air
inlet.
c.
Positive
diffusion
of
emergency vented chlorine gas.
d.
Heating
and
insulation adequate
for
freeze-up
protection.
e. Wet
well ventilation
and
odor control.
f.
Heat recovery facilities.
g.
Fuel
or
electricity
for
heating
and
heating method (unit heaters versus heated ventilating air).
62.
Piping.
a.
Corrosion
review—see
Sections
4-9 and
5-10.
b.
Cross-connections: backpressure, back siphon.
c.
Floor
drainage, traps, vents, wall penetrations.
d.
Drains
for
suction
and
discharge piping
for
valve
or
pump repair; large drain
to
pump sump
for field
test-
ing
pumps.
e.
Freeze-up hazards considered.
f.
Pipe
cover adequate
for
frost
protection.
g.
Pressure gauges
and
appropriate water-sampling taps.
h.
Size, material, pressure class, joint type,
flanges,
gaskets, taps,
fittings and
couplings, wall sleeves,
flexi-
ble
joints
at
walls, vibration sources.
i.
Thrust restraint.
j.
Spacing
of
pipe supports adequate; supports cushioned.
k.
Water hammer analyzed
for
normal operation
and
power loss conditions.
1.
Air and gas
traps: positive means
to
remove trapped
air (or
other gases)
at
high
points—manual
for
start-
up
and
automatic where
gas may
accumulate; cross-connection control required
with
automatic
air
release
valves
on
potable water systems; avoid high
points
entirely (especially
in
sewage systems)
if
practical.
m.
Adequate Victaulic®
or
Dresser® couplings
for
dismantling
and flexibility.
63.
Pumps.
a.
Anchorage
and
grouting.
b.
Bearing type,
life,
prelubrication,
lubrication.
c.
Clearance
from
walls, need
for
vortex breaker.
d.
Materials choices.
e.
NPSH adequate
for
pumps.
f.
Provisions
for field and
factory
tests.
g.
Pump curves, system curves, capacity, impeller size
and
ability
to
pass solids, capacity
for
start-up, nor-
mal
and
emergency
(flooded
suction) operating conditions.
h.
Facilities
for
removal
for
maintenance.
i.
Guards
for and
accessibility
of
bearings
and
supports
for
extended
shafting.
j.
Isolation
from
or
designed
to
withstand water hammer
and
surge pressures.
64.
Valves.
a. Air and
vacuum
valve sizing, type, location, closing characteristics, method
of
isolating
and
draining.
b.
Check valve size, type, location,
and
closing characteristics.
c.
Isolation valves adequate
in
number, location, type,
and
size.
d.
Globe, plug, ball, cone
or
butterfly
valve location, size, type,
and
suitability
for
throttling use.
e.
Pressure relief valve size, type, drainage.
f.
Pump-control valve sizing, sequencing,
failsafe
on
power
failure.
g.
All
installations allow exercising valves.
65.
Wells.
a.
Well vent
and
drawdown gauge provided.
b.
Proper sealing.
66.
Safety
considerations.
a.
Showers
and
eyewashes
if
chemicals
are
used.
b.
Gas
masks
or
self-contained breathing apparatus
if
required.
c.
Clearances around machinery, piping,
and
cabinets.
d.
Labeling
and
color coding
for
piping.
e.
Adequate signs.
f.
Ventilation.
67.
General review
by
project engineer (civil
or
mechanical engineer, probably).
a.
Concept.
b.
Mechanical calculations.
c.
Constructibility
and bid
clarity.
d.
Plans.
e.
Specifications complete
and
cover
all
materials
and
products.
f.
Schedule.
g.
Cost estimates.
G-7.
References
1.
Angele,
G.
J.,
Sr.
Cross-Connection
andBackflow
Prevention. American Waterworks Association, Denver,
CO
(1974).
2.
AWWA.
Recommended
Practice
for
Backflow
Prevention
and
Cross-Connection
Control,
M 14.
American Water Works
Association,
Denver,
CO
(1990).