Pumping Station Desing - Second Edition by Robert L. Sanks, George Tchobahoglous, Garr M. Jones
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1034
Index terms Links
Sumps (Continued)
problems with traditional types 350 379
pumping systems 321 788
round 397
trench-type 357 381 959
See also Pump intake basins, Trench-type wet wells,
Wet wells
Sunset Pumping Station 520
Supercritical flow 47 364 371 391
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
systems 627
Surge
causes of 151
control 740
electric 207
in frictionless flow 141
theory 139
Surge anticipation valves 130 164
Surge relief valves
cross-section of 159
description and function of 163
as transient control device 107 166
Surge tanks
and column separation 156
and flow reversal 122
one-way 161 165
two-way 161
Swing check valves 125 159 163 166 833 834
Switches, electric 190 617 620 718 743 746
750
Switchgear 202 948
Symbols
electrical engineering 30
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning 27
hydraulic 140
1035
Index terms Links
Symbols (Continued)
instrumentation 29
joints 24
lighting 32
mechanical 25
miscellaneous 26
pipe fittings 24
piping 25
process and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) 28 29 629
process and signal line 29
single-line piping 23
valves 24 28
vibration and noise 659
wall fittings 24
Synchronous motors 406 408 409
T
Technical specifications
addressees 841 845
blunders, avoiding 837
for centrifugal pumping units, typical 907
limitations of published standards 486
pump-driver 485
problems with 845
purpose of 844
quality assurance 486
source material 845
specifying quality 847
standards 846
unit responsibility 486 509
who should write 844
Telemetry 626
Telephone
company, contact with 223
harmonic current levels acceptable to 473
1036
Index terms Links
Telephone (Continued)
operators' preferences 750
telemetry 627
utility requirements 221
Temperature
bearing monitors 622
controls 732
and electrical equipment 714
measurement of 620
motor winding monitors 622
in sealed wet wells 710
and valve freezing 835
and ventilation 707
Ten-State Standards 36 706 709
Thermocouples (TCs) 622
Thixotropy 575 580
Throttling valves 468 834
Thrust blocks 98 100
Tie rods 92
Timers 625 632
T-Lock® 91 800
Toilets 750
Tone equipment 626
Torsional vibration
analysis 643 648
definition of 642
of drive shafts 687
measurement of 664
Tower intakes 536 540
Tracers 55 740
Tranquil flow 35 47
Transformers 189 229 230
Transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters 617
Transition manhole 391
1037
Index terms Links
Translational vibration
analysis 643
definition of 642
of drive shafts 685
measurement of 662
Trench-type wet wells
advantages of 358
approach pipe for 370
cleaning 357 364 959
and C/S pumps 358 365 370 387
design considerations 456 369
design examples 381 810
fixes (baffles, cones, vanes) 361 369
recommended dimensions 359
for solids-bearing waters 360
velocity of flow into 341
and V/S pumps 344 358 365 381
See also Pump intake basins, Sumps, Wet wells
Tuned resonators 683
Turbine meters 618
Turbulent flow 35 711
U
Ultrasonic measurements
flow meters 616
liquid level 607
Unit responsibility 485 836 909
Units, SI vs. English (U.S. customary) 2
equivalents 881 885
Upsurge 141 163 170
Utilities
contact with 222 828
harmonic current levels acceptable to 473
and instrumentation selection 603
measurements 620 621
1038
Index terms Links
Utilities (Continued)
for wastewater pumping stations 499
V
Vacuum relief valves
blunders, avoiding 834
description of 133 962
in wastewater systems 154 162 165 740 834 962
in water systems 156 740
Vallby Pumping Station 523
Value engineering 5
Valve actuators 107
avoiding blunders 834
manual 130
powered 131
and recommended minimum pump discharge rate 465
Valve slam
blunders, avoiding 833
and constant-speed pumps 122
and counterweights 123
and dashpots 123 159
description 121
prevention 122
and spring-loaded levers 122
Valves
air and vacuum 132 162 165 740 834 962
altitude 625
angle 128
ball 111 119 123 131 145 596
ball lift 124 596
blunders, avoiding 833
butterfly 110 114 131 134 146 166
834
check 107 110 121 596
closure of 141 145
1039
Index terms Links
Valves (Continued)
cone 110 115 596
control 126
corrosion protection 136
design checklist 941
design considerations 107
eccentric plug 596
flap 120
flow-control 107
foot 125
gate 110 116 118 130 597 834
globe 128 160 166
handles 834
headloss coefficients 899
importance of 107
installation of 135
isolation 110 835
location of 109 834
materials 134 834 926
needle 129
operators' preferences 744 750
packing 135 757
pinch 119 596
piston 129
plug 110 116 119 123 131 835
pressure-control 107 130
pump control 107
recommended energy loss coefficients 899
seat materials 108 834
seats 134 147
stems 135
surge anticipation/relief 107 130 159 163 166
symbols 24 28
throttling 468 834
for transient control 162
1040
Index terms Links
Valves (Continued)
See also Air release valves; Check valves; Pump
control valves; Valve slam
Van Stone flanges 103
Variable-pitch propellers 468
Variable-ratio belt drives
advantages and disadvantages of 471
function of 482
Variable-speed (V/S) drives
adjustable frequency (AF) converter 472 473
adjustable frequency drives (AFD) 443 469 472
advantages of 467 469
application of 269
blunders, avoiding 833
combination engine-motor 468 472
controls for 363
direct engine drives 467 472
eddy-current coupling 470 478
engine-generator 468
fluid coupling 471 482
hydrostatic 471 483
liquid rheostat 470 480
peak shaving 472
selection of 785
slip drives 468 470 478
slip recovery 471
variable-ratio belt drives 471 482
on vortex pumps, for sludge 581
Variable-speed (V/S) pumping
vs. adjustable speed 443
advantages of 444
analysis 459
blunders, avoiding 831
booster pump operations 465
check valves, power-operated 457
1041
Index terms Links
Variable-speed (V/S) pumping (Continued)
vs. constant-speed pumping 273 444 751
control of pumping units 363 457
cost (life cycle) vs. C/S 864
design considerations 445
disadvantages of 445
discharge rates 452 462
H-Q curve analysis for parallel operation 273
H-Q curves for 446 447 448 455
lag pumps 451 454 465
load-sharing operation 451 453 466
maximum speed 457
minimum operating speed 448
pipe vibration with 678
power requirements 449
pump efficiencies 449
pump failure detection 457 467
pump selection 450
reliability of 755
simultaneous V/S and C/S operation 454 466
for sludge 581
staggered operation 452
theory 446
for wastewater stations, goal of 443 454
for water (booster), goal of 443
Velocimeter 662
Ventilation
air change rates 709
air intake and exhaust 721
alternatives to 707
blunders, avoiding 828 837
checklist 940
of chlorination rooms 716
in confined spaces 706
controls 722
1042
Index terms Links
Ventilation (Continued)
costs 708
design criteria 708 767
design of system, example of 722
design steps 718
of dry wells 707 715
ducted 722
energy sources for 717
foul air discharge 713
good practice checklist 707
hazardous spaces 706
and motor cooling 767 837
need for 705
operators' preferences 751
and quality assurance 6
standards and codes for 708 765 929
symbols 27
system design 720
in wet wells 706 766
Venturi flumes 48 56
Venturi meters 45 54 613
Vertical pumps 279 280
classification of 301
construction of 302
vs. horizontal pumps 748
shaft dynamics 648
types of 307
vibration 648
Vertical turbine, solids-handling (VTSH) pumps 297 332 339 778
Vibration
analysis of 659
avoiding problems 643 832 837
balancing rotating equipment 643
characteristics of 662
definitions 656 661
1043
Index terms Links
Vibration (Continued)
design practice 645
in diaphragm pumps 584
of drive shafts 685
drive shafts offsets 644
of drivers 642
electric motors as source of 642
of engines 436 642
of equipment 669
fixes for 652 655
isolation of centrifugal pump 672
isolation theory 669
isolators 655 672 682
legal limits and codes 665
and litigation 641
measurements 658
measuring equipment 658
monitors 419 623
of pipe 77 662 675
pipe support spacing 94 644
plunger pumps 583 684
problems 641
of pumps 641
resonance, avoiding 646
rotordynamic analysis 647
sources of, in pumps 641
specifications 649
of structures 656 662 689 794 837
symbols 659
terms and concepts 656 661
test data 658
troubleshooting 650
velocity 650
See also Lateral vibration; Resonance; Torsional
vibration; Translational vibration
Victaulic® couplings. See Grooved-end couplings