Pumping Station Desing - Second Edition by Robert L. Sanks, George Tchobahoglous, Garr M. Jones
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984
Index terms Links
Electrical (Continued)
power 183
shop drawings 222 239
standards and codes 927
surge protection 207
system tests 240
theory 180
Electrical design 219
checklist 938
design review 239
engine-generator sizing 235
final construction drawings 219
harmonics 239
lighting 229 232
load estimating 216 223
overcurrent protection 226
power and control system practice 214
power factor 234
short circuit current calculations 237
specifications 221
standards and codes 927
symbols 30
utilities contact 222
voltage selection 215
of V/S pumping system 457
Electrical equipment
capacitors 234
circuit breakers 191 227
clearance minimums 202 742
controlled atmosphere for 713
and corrosion protection 718 836
and environmental conditions 602
fuses 191 226
grounding 207
installation 202
985
Index terms Links
Electrical equipment (Continued)
junction and outlet boxes 201 836
load estimations table 225
measurement instruments 620
metering devices 186
outlets 743 836
programmable logic controllers (PLCs) 188
raceways and wireways 201 220 758
relays 188 743
service entrance 202
solenoids 187
standby generators 203
start-up check 946
switches 190 617 622 718 743 746
836
switchgear 202
transformers 189 229
wiring 221
See also Generators; Lighting; Motors, electric
Electricity
capacitance 182 184
definition of 180
generation of 181
inductance 182 184
voltage 180 214
Electric motors. See Motors, electric
Emergency lighting 210
End turn snap switches (Klixons) 622
Energy
equation 34
grade lines (EGL) 34 141 391 394
in open channel flow 47
in pressurized pipe flow 45
Energy grade line (EGL) 34 141 391 394
986
Index terms Links
Engine fuel
biogas 427
butane 426
diesel 427
gasoline 427
level measurement 621
natural gas 426
propane 426 622
selection of 425 787
storage and supply 437
Engine-generators
derating 204
drives 421 425 468 469 693 756
need for 421
Engineering News-Record Cost Indexes (ENRCCI) 851 863 871
Engineering notation 2
Engineers
choice of 4
responsibilities 1
Engineers' Joint Contract Documents Committee
(EJCDC) 842
accessories 431
altitude, derating for 429
application criteria 428
aspiration 428
batteries 441
brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) 429
combustion-air filters 432 434
configuration 428
continuous duty 425 439
controls 430 436
cooling methods 430 433 434 435
derating 429
diesel vs. natural gas 440
direct-drive systems 424
987
Index terms Links
Engineers' Joint Contract Documents Committee
(EJCDC) (Continued)
duty cycle 424 428 787
envelope design 438
exercising 439
exhaust silencing 435
fuel 425
governors 431 436
heaters 441
ignition 428
lubrication oil 437
maintenance 439
piston speed 430
pollution control 435 437
rotative speed 430
selection of 423 786
service piping 437
standards and codes for 928
standby duty 425 439
starting methods 430 431 432
ventilation 439
vibration and noise problems 642 662
vibration isolation 436
ENRCCI. See Engineering News-Record Cost Indexes
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) contract
requirements 842
Equivalence 860
Equivalent weights and measures 885 inside back cover
Excitation forces
controlling 645
definition of 656
and forced response analysis 649
Expansion anchors 94
Expansion chambers 682
Experimental modal analysis (EMA) 652
988
Index terms Links
Explosionproofing 710 836
Exposed pipe
design of 92
selection of 70
See also Ductile iron pipe, Steel pipe
F
Fabricated pipe 85
Facility preferences. See Operators' and managers'
preferences
Factory tests
of electrical equipment 240
of pumps 488
Fans, noise problems 694 695
Fast Fourier transform (FFT) 652 658
Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) pipe 88
Field tests
of electrical equipment 240
for pipe roughness 53
of pumps 490
Fire
dampers 722 724
detection 621
suppression 961
Fish protection screens 535
Fixtures, symbols 25
Flanged adapters 73
Flap valves 120
Flexible connectors 77 682
Floats 605 622 635 830
Flooding
avoiding 828 840
probability 535
protection for dry wells 753 786
and raw water intake design 534
989
Index terms Links
Flooding (Continued)
site 828
unwarranted optimism 753
Floor cone 369
Floor flow splitter 359 362
Floor vane 362
Flow
in approach pipes 371
coefficients, in centrifugal pumps 249
critical 47 50
data for, in pipes 890
measurement instruments, in pipes 612
open channel 47
in pressurized pipe 45
reduced, for vibration control 645
reverse, preventing 121
sludge 62 574
supercritical 47
surge in frictionless 141
unsteady 62
Flow-control valves 107
Flow measurement
Arredi diagram 50
field survey 53
and friction coefficient 55
model studies 63
open channel 618
pressure gauging 54
pump curves 56
rotation 64
tracers 55 56 57
Venturi flumes 48 49 56
volumetric 56
See also Flowmeters; Flumes; Weirs
Flow nozzle 57
990
Index terms Links
Flow-through fluorometer cells 61
Flowmeters
accuracy of 613
calibration 55 613
checklist 940
costs of 614
vs. elapsed time meters 756
elbow meters 614
magnetic 615
and minimum discharge rates in V/S systems 462 464 465
orifice plates 613 614
Palmer-Bowlus flumes 55 56
permanent 56
pitot tube 35 54 57
propeller 618
and pump efficiency 740
for sludge 597
sonic 55 616
temporary, in open channels 56
totalizing water flowmeter 631
turbine 618
Venturi meter 45 54 613
vortex 618
on vortex pumps, for sludge 581
See also Water meters
Fluid coupling drives 471 482
Flumes
Palmer-Bowlus 55 56
Parshall 48 56
uses of 618
Venturi 48 49 56
Fluoride tracers 60
Foot valves 125
Force-balance instruments 603
Force-balance transmitters 612
991
Index terms Links
Force mains
design of 801
draining and cleaning 747
friction losses 39
friction losses, for Albany CSO PS 821
plot of, Kirkland Pumping Station 813
and wastewater pumping station site selection 497
Forced response analysis 648 649
Forced vibrations 677
Forebays, model studies of 63
Formed suction intake (FSI) 354 356
Foul air. See Odor control
Foundation plates 644
Frame and bearing housings 289
Frazil ice 535 710
Freezing 710
See also Ice
Frequency, natural
definition of 656 661
of pumps and pipes 644
of supporting structures 689
Friction coefficients
calculations 38 62
data for pipe friction 896
field measurement of 53
and force main design 802
Friction headlosses
calculations 35 580
examples, at Kirkland Pumping Station 811
in force mains 39
force main, for Albany CSO PS 821
measuring 54
in force mains 39
in open channel flow 43
in pipe fittings 43 898
992
Index terms Links
Friction headlosses (Continued)
in sludge pumping 574 579
in station piping 330 332 334
tabulated for pipes 891 893 895
in transition manholes 391
for valves 899
Froude number 63 352 372 387 392 394
396
FRP. See Fiberglass-reinforced plastic pipe
Fuels 425
Fuses, electric 191 238 623 836
Future expansion 769
G
Gaskets 75 84 87 89
Gasoline 427
Gate valves 110 111 116 118 130 597
834
Generators, electric
automatic transfer controls 204
batteries 205
codes and legal requirements 203
engine controls 204
need for 421
ratings 203
sizing of, in design 235
standby vs. portable 203
Globe valves 128 160 166
Glucose tracers 60
Grinder pumps 300 779
Grinders 598 757
Grooved-end couplings 73 80
Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) 207
Grounding, electrical 205
Groundwater exclusion 797
993
Index terms Links
Gyroscopics 657
H
Hanger rods 94
Harmonics
in adjustable frequency drives 473 642
definition of 661
electrical design considerations 239
of engine-drivers 642
Hazardous environment
definition and classification of 705
as design consideration 765 785
entry into 707
Hazen-Williams equation 36 38 53 62
HDPE. See High-density polyethylene pipe
Head
coefficients 249 250
definition of 242
types of 242
Head-capacity (H-Q) curves 248 252 263 324 331 333
740
analysis of 271
for booster pumping system, required differential 459 460
complex analyses 276
for constant speed pumps 271
as design consideration 740
elementary analysis of 266
practical analysis of 271
for radial-flow centrifugal pumps 264
for sludge 590
of sump pumping system (example) 323
system 267
for variable speed pumps 274 447 450 453 458 466
813
Headless calculations. See Friction headlosses