Malcolm N. Shaw. International Law
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
index 1533
UNHRC, individual petitions 319–22
Communications Working Group
and 319, 320
concurrent jurisdiction 319
decisions, compliance/
enforcement 320
exhaustion of local remedies
and 273–4, 319
interim decisions 319
jurisprudence 321–2
right of(OptionalProtocol I) 319
Special Rapporteur
(communications) 320
Special Rapporteur (follow-up) 320
n302
workload 320
UNIDO, dispute settlement 1035
unification of states: see merger of states
UNIIMOG 1244 n201
UNIKOM 1229
unilateral acts, legal effect 121–2, 201,
203, 206, 478, 905, 967, 979, 1242–3
United Arab Republic
dissolution 974, 980, 985
treaty succession 972 n92, 973, 974,
980
UN membership 985
Uniting for Peace (UNGA resolution
377 (V)) 1212, 1222 n90, 1272–3
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(1948) (UDHR) 278–80
abstentions 278–9
binding, whether 46, 279
Byelorussia and 278–9
as customary international law
279
Czechoslovakia and 278–9
general principles of
law/international law and 279
human rights as general principles of
international law and 265
individual’s rights under 46
Poland and 278–9
proposal for binding universal
convention, delay 280
Saudi Arabia and 278–9
scope 279
SFRY and 278–9
Ukraine and 278–9
universal jurisdiction 668–87
apartheid 671
arrest/detention on high seas or
within the forum state 398
aut dedere aut judicare principle 671,
1160
crimes against humanity 668–73,
1200
crimes against peace 670
Crimes against the Peace and Security
of Mankind, ILC Draft Code
(1996) and 671
definition 397–8, 668
Eichmann 669 n102, 671–2
enforced disappearances 678 n153
environmental offences 671
Geneva Conventions (1949)
and 669–70
genocide, jurisdiction 671, 673
‘grave breaches’ 434–5, 669–70, 1200
hijacking 678
Institut de Droit International
and 672–3
international crimes, sufficiency of
status as 671
jus cogens/peremptory norms
and 673–4
justification 668
municipal courts and 671–3
nationality, relevance 673
Non-Applicability of Statutory
Limitations Convention (1968)
and 669
non-retroactivity principle (nullum
crimen sine lege) and 672
NurembergCharter
(1945)/Nuremberg Tribunal
and 669–70
piracy 270, 397–8, 615–16, 668
presence of the accused,
relevance 672–3
slave trading 397–8
slavery and 270, 673
state practice 671–3
terrorism, support for and 670
torture 675
war crimes 434–5, 668–73
UNMIK 232–3
UNMIS 1265–6
1534 index
UNMISET 234, 425
UNMOGIP 1226 n108
UNMOP 1229–30
UNMOVIC 1249–50, 1256
UNOMIL 1277
UNOMUR 1262
UNOSOM II 1261–2
UNPREDEP 1259–60
UNPROFOR 1257–60
UNRRWA, dissolution 1330 n214
UNSCOB 1226
UNSCOM 1249–50, 1255 n253
UNSMIH 1230
UNTAC 231, 1129 n124
UNTAES 231 n177, 1229–30
UNTAET 233–4, 424–5, 1230
UNTAG 231 n177, 1229
UNTSO 1226
UPU 219, 1098 n74, 1163
establishment (1874) 28, 1284
urgent/emergency measures 335, 386,
393–4, see also provisional
measures
Uruguay, human rights in 383
Uruguay Round 1034–5, 1287
USA
act of state doctrine 191–2
Afghanistan operations 1134,
1136–7, 1140
Antarctic and 536
Arab countries and 467
Arctic territory 535
boundary disputes between
constituent states 498
commissions of inquiry 1020
Connally Amendment (ICJ
jurisdiction) 1083–4
consular access (VCCR 36)
and 135–6, 220–1
criminal jurisdiction 663 n73
deep sea mining 630
Diplomatic and Consular Personnel,
Guidance with regard to Personal
Rights and Immunities 771
diplomatic motoring offences 766
n379
diplomatic premises,
abandonment 758
diplomatic protection 814 n232
EEZ 584
expropriation/nationalisation of
property of foreign national 191–2
extraterritorial jurisdiction: see effects
doctrine/extraterritorial
jurisdiction on economic matters
federal/component state powers,
allocation 219, 220
flags of convenience 612–13
forcible abduction/unlawful arrest
and 681–2
foreign relations,
justiciability 189–92
Grenada, invasion of (1984) 1144,
1151, 1183 n79, 1276 n355
Hawaii, annexation of (1898) 973–4
heads of state, immunities 736–7
Hickenlooper Amendments 191,
1128–9
historic bays 564–5
human rights breaches,
justiciability 190
human rights treaties,
implementation 220 n112
ICC obligations and 414
ICJ decisions and 158–9, 220–1
ILO conventions and 220
Innocent Passage, Uniform
Interpretation of the Rules of
International Law Governing
(1989) 573–4
international law, respect for 8
international organisations, privileges
and immunities 1320, 1328
intertemporal law 160–1
Iraq annexation of Kuwait and 1253
n246
League of Nations and 30
Marshall Islands and 225
municipal and international law,
interrelationship 157–66
Northern Mariana Islands and 225
Pacific Islands Trust Territories
and 225
Palauand 225
Panama, intervention in 1144, 1151,
1189
passive personality principle
and 665–6
index 1535
PLO and 165
political question doctrine 189–92
prisoners of war (Law of Land
Warfare) 1174 n32
protection of nationals abroad, use of
force 1144–5
protective principle and 667 n97
publications relating to state
practice 82 n39
recognition of governments 162, 458,
467
recognition of states 445, 446–7,
450–1, 452
SC membership/veto 3, 215, 1237
space law, influence on 80
sphere of influence 57
State Department suggestions
(executive certificates) 194, 471,
482, 484–5, 705
state immunity and 703–4, 715–16
state immunity in case of violations of
international law including human
rights 684, 685, 715–16
state immunity and commercial
transactions 721–4
state immunity from
execution/attachment 745–6
state immunity from jurisdiction,
waiver 742
Ta iw an and 467
taking of property in foreign state,
justiciability 191–2
Ta te L et ter (1952) 705
territorial sea and 569
UN and 163–4
USA legislation
Act toCombat Terrorism 1984 679
Alien Tort Claims Act 1789 159–61,
683–6, see also torts inviolation of
international law, jurisdiction (US
Alien Tort Claims Act)
Anti-Hijacking Act 1974 679 n158
Anti-Terrorism Act 1987 165
anti-trust legislation 688–96
Antiterrorism and Effective Death
Penalty Act 1996 685 n197, 715–16
Byrd amendment 164
Comprehensive Crime Control
Act 665
Cuban Democracy Act 1992 692–3
Detainee Treatment Act 2005 658
n57
Diplomatic Relations Act 1978 766
n379
Foreign Assistance Act 1129
Foreign Operations, Export
Financing and Related Programs
Appropriations Act 1994 766 n379
Foreign Sovereign Immunities
Act 685, 700 n14, 701, 707, 708,
709 n64, 715, 721–2, 727–8, 731–2,
736–7, 742, 745–6, 750 n288
International Organisations
Immunities Act 1945 1328–9
Military Commissions Act 2006 659
n57
Omnibus Diplomatic Security and
Anti-Terrorism Act 665–6
presumption of consistency with
international obligations 159,
164–5
Ta iw an Relations Act 467
To r t u r e Vi c tim Protection Act
1992 160 n165, 684–5
website 1334
USA, treaties
applicable law 165
boundary/territorial treaties 162
compliance/implementation (VCLT
26–7) 220
executive agreements 161–2
municipal law conflict, relevance
(VCLT 27) 164, 165–6
ratification (VCLT 14) 913
self-executing/non-self-executing
treaties 162–4
treaties as ‘supreme law of the
land’ 165–6
treaty-making powers 161, 219, 908
treaty succession, attitude to 974
n106, 976–7
UN Charter, status 163–4
website 1337
usage 115
use of force prior to UN Charter
1119–22, see also war, renunciation
as instrument of policy
hostile measures short of war 1121
1536 index
use of force prior (cont.)
humanitarian intervention 270, 1155
just war 1110–20
League of Nations and 1121–2,
1216–17
as means of asserting rights or
punishment 1121
proportionality 1120
reprisals 1121, 1122, 1123
self-defence, right to and 1017
use of force (UNC 2(4)) 1123–8, see also
aggression; blockades; boycotts;
collective use of force (Chapter
VII); collective use of force other
than under Chapter VII; economic
sanctions as response to threat to
or breach of the peace (UNC 41);
humanitarian intervention by
states; intervention in the affairs of
another state, justification;
intervention in the affairs of
another state, prohibition; regional
arrangements for the maintenance
of international peace and security
(UNC Chapter VIII); reprisals
Chapter VII action 1123–4
colonial domination and 807
as customary international law 1123
Declaration on Armed Intervention
in the Domestic Affairs of States
(1965) 1127
Declaration on the Enhancement of
the Effectiveness of the Principle of
Refraining from the Threat or Use
of Force (1987) 1123 n24
Declaration on Principles of
International Law (1970)
and 1123–5
‘force’ 1124–6, see also ‘force’ (UNC
2(4)), classification as
as general principle of law 1123–4
humanitarian intervention by
states 155–8
independence of states and 1123
as jus cogens/peremptory norm 126
non-recognition policy and 469
protection of nationals
abroad 1143–5, see also protection
of nationals abroad, use of force
retorsion 1128–9
self-defence, right to (UNC 51)
and 4–5, 1123–4, see also
self-defence, right to (UNC 51)
self-determination, right to 1123,
1148–9
territorial acquisition and 502
territorial integrity and 468, 1123,
1126–8
use or threat of force (general)
consensus, need for 1118, 1139 n99
validity of treaties and (VCLT
52) 500, 502, 942–4
USSR
Angola, intervention in 1150
Arctic claims 535
Baltic states and: see Baltic states
civil and political rights 268–9
CoE and 347 n8
deep sea mining 630
economic and social rights 268–9
EEZ 584
Gulf War and 1253 n246
Helsinki Final Act (1975) and 373
human rights in 50, 268–9, 278–9
human rights treaties and 269
ICJ and 269 n18
India–Pakistan Dispute (1965),
mediation 1018
individuals, status in international
law 46–7, 268–9
Innocent Passage, Uniform
Interpretation of the Rules of
International Law Governing
(1989) 573–4
international law and 8, 31–8
international relations, approach
to 35, 36
League of Nations and 30–1, 33
lump sum settlements 840–1
outer space, control of
information 551
peaceful co-existence and 33–6, 215,
216
perestroika and glasnost 36, 1209
recognition by UK 460, 472–3
recognition by USA 162, 465, 483
recognition of government
(1921/1924) 460
rule of law and 36
sacred trust concept 251
index 1537
SC membership/veto 3, 1206–7, 1237
Siberian pipeline episode 692
space law, influence on 80
sphere of influence 57
state immunity from jurisdiction
and 708
state sovereignty and 33–4, 35
state succession 36, 240, 960–1
territorial integrity and 35
To r t u r e Co n vention (1984) and 269
UDHR and 278–9
UN boycott 1252
UN peacekeeping and 8, 33–5
UNHRC and 315–16
Uniform Interpretation of the Rules
of International Law Governing
Innocent Passage (1989) 573–4
uti possidetis principle and 527, 968
veto, use of 1206–7
warships, innocent passage 573
USSR, dissolution
see also CIS; Russia; and individual
former republics
CoE and 345
EU Guidelines (1991) 207
human rights and 315–16
human rights treaties and 983 n144
regulation of process, need for 198
Soviet attitude to international law
and 36, 44
state succession and 209, 240–1,
960–2
state succession to state property,
agreements on 993
treaty succession 976–7, 983 n144
uti possidetis principle and 527
USSR, invasion of/intervention in
Afghanistan 36, 1153, 1233–4
Baltic states 468, 961
Bessarabia 468
Czechoslovakia 35, 36, 57, 468,
1233–4
Estonia 468
Finland 31, 468
Hungary 57
Latvia 468
Lithuania 203, 468
Poland 57
uti possidetis doctrine/stability of
boundaries 522, 525–8
ACYOpinion No. 2 291
Africa and 526–7, 968, 969, 1028
African Union for Peace and Security
Council 1028
AU and 290, 526
AU Constitutive Act 1293
Banjul Charter and 392
Burkina Faso/Mali case 290–1, 968
CIS 968 n69
critical date and 509–10
customary international law 526
Czech and Slovak Republic 968 n69
decolonisation and 967–8
definition 200 n19, 290, 509, 527,
967–8
determination of boundaries for
purposes of 515, 525, 530
Eastern Europe 527–8
effectivit´es and 529–30
equity and 530
Eritrea/Yemen 969
former USSR and 527
former Yugoslavia and 527–8
fundamental change of
circumstances/rebus sic stantibus
(VCLT 62(2)) 968–9
as general principle of law 290–1,
968
internal boundaries, applicability
to 528 n230
Latin America and 525–6, 967–8
Libya/Chad 969
maritime delimitation and 591
new states created from independent
states and 968
non-boundary territorial disputes,
applicability to 528 n233
object and purpose 290
prescription and 504–5
recognition of states and 451
self-determination and 526–8
Somali–Ethiopia conflict and 1027
UNGA resolutions and 290
USSR 527, 968
Vienna Convention on Succession to
Tre ati es and 969
Yugoslavia (SFRY) and 527–8, 968
n68
Uzbekistan, EU Guidelines (1991)
and 451–2
1538 in dex
Valle tta Report (1991) 1032–3
Vanu at u 229
Vatican City: see Holy See
Vatt el , E me ri ch d e 26, 112
Ve nice, cession (1866) 500
veto (SC) 3, 4, 37, 215, 1206–7, 1222,
1237
abstention and 1207, 1252
‘double-veto’ 1207
procedural and non-procedural
matters distinguished 1207
Uniting for Peace resolution as
response to 1272
use in Iraq situation 1256
victims, protection and privacy 406,
416–17
Vienna Convention on Consular
Relations (1963) (VCCR)
as codification of existing law 772
n424
drafting process 120
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic
Relations(1961): see Diplomatic
Relations Convention (1961)
(VCDR)
Vienna Convention on the Law of
Tre ati es (1969) (VCLT)
as customary international law 496,
903, 933, 948, 951
drafting process 120
inter-state agreements, limitation
to 904
third parties and 903
treaties concluded since entry into
force, limitation to 496
Vienna Convention on the Law of
Tre ati es between States and
International Organisations
(1986): see International
Organisations, Vienna Convention
on Treaties between States and
(1986)
Vienna Convention on the
Representation of States in their
Relationswith International
Organisations (1975): see
International Organisations,
Vienna Convention on the
Representation of States in their
relations with (2975)
Vienna Declaration and Programme of
Action (1994) 276, 280, 291 n151,
302, 324, 332 n365, 336
Vietnam 1185
archives, Franco-Vietnamese
agreement (1950) 995
as focus of East–West conflict 57
US intervention in 8
Vietnam War 669, 1150, 1233
violence, protection from
child (CRC 19) 331
women 287 n129, 324, 325
Vitoria, Francisco 22–3, 24, 1120
Vo jv odina 1033
Vyshinsky and 33
war
see also aggression
determination of existence of 193
hostile measures short of war 1121
as prerogative/discretionary
power 181
war crimes
crimes against humanity
distinguished 438
crimes against peace
distinguished 670
East Timor Special Panels for Serious
Crimes 425
individual criminal
responsibility 262, 399, 402, 434,
439, 671, 1200
as international crime 433–6
as ‘most serious crime’ 411
Non-Applicability of Statutory
Limitations Convention
(1968) 669
prisoners of war, liability for 1176
as ‘serious crime’ 425
universal jurisdiction 434–5, 668–73
war crimes, definition/classification
as 433–4
ICC 8434
ICTY 3434
violation of laws or customs of war
(ICTY 3) 434
war crimes, jurisdiction 398–9
ICC and 411
Iraqi High Tribunal, jurisdiction
429
index 1539
NurembergCharter
(1945)/Tribunal 399, 400
over nationals 411
war, laws of
see also international humanitarian
law
in ancient Greece 16
Catholic Church, influence on 19
De jure belli ac Pacis (Grotius) 23–4
De jure belli (Gentili) 23
demise of the just war and 1120–1
Islam and 18
jus ad bellum and jus in bello
distinguished 1120–1, 1167
non-international armed conflict
and 435
war, renunciation as instrument of
policy
see also aggression; use of force prior
to UN Charter; use of force (UNC
2(4))
as general principle of international
law 1122
Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928) 439
n226, 468, 501, 506, 509, 942, 1122
Warsaw, UN Security Council and 1210
Warsaw Pact
collective self-defence (UNC 51)
and 1146–7
EAPC and 1290
establishment 1210
object and purpose 47
origin 57, 1210
warships
immunity from jurisdiction 148–9,
575, 614
innocent passage, right of 570,
572–4
marine pollution and 899
state immunity, entitlement 699
as state organ 558
warships, jurisdiction
flag state jurisdiction 558, 614
internal waters 558
territorial waters 575
Washington Protocol (1992) 381
n219
weapons, prohibited 1186–90
asphyxiating and deleterious
gases 1189
balance between military necessity
and humanitarian
considerations 1187
cluster bombs 1190 n120
dum-dum bullets 1189
explosives or inflammatory
projectiles 1168, 1186, 1189–90
Gulf War oil spillage 1190
incendiary devices 1189–90
laser weapons 1190
Legality of Nuclear Weapons 1187–9
mines and booby traps 575–6, 784–6,
1189–90
minimum suffering test 1187
nuclear weapons: see nuclear weapons
poisonous weapons 434, 1187, 1192
weapons causing long-term harm to
the environment 1190
weapons not detectable by x-ray
1189
weapons, prohibited, treaties and
similar international instruments
related to
Convention on the Prohibition of
Military or Any Other Hostile Use
of Environmental Modification
Te c h niques (1977) 1190
Convention on the Prohibition of the
Use, Stockpiling, Production and
Tr an sf er of Anti-Personnel Mines
(Ottawa) (1997) 1190
Conventional Weapons Treaty and
Protocols (1980) 1189–90
Geneva Conventions (1949),
Protocol I 1190
Geneva Protocol (1929) 1189
Hague Declarations (1899) 1189
St Petersburg Declaration
(1886) 1168, 1186, 1189
West Bank: see Israel occupied territories
West I nd ie s,saleofterritoriesby
Denmark 500
West er n S ahara
see also Mauritania, territorial claims
against Morocco; Saharan Arab
Democratic Republic (SADR)
AU mediation (1978) 1027
MINURSO 1229
as non-self-governing territory 237
referendum 1229
1540 index
West ph alia, Peace of (1648) 26, 1120,
1282
WEU
EU and 1290 n33
NATO, co-operation with 1279 n368
website 1340
whales 624 n356
WHO
competence 1112, 1303–6
establishment (1946) 1285
ICJ advisory jurisdiction and 1112,
1303–6
legal personality in domestic
law 1299 n71
website 1340
WHO complaints procedure,
ICJ/arbitration and 1034 n148
wilful killing/murder
as crime against humanity 408, 436
as ‘grave breach’ 401, 403, 434, 669,
670
individual criminal
responsibility 425, 1200
as ‘serious crime’ 425
Wilson doctrine of democratic
legitimacy 457, 458
WIPO, Mediation, Arbitration and
Expedited Arbitration Rules
(1994) 1035 n151
witnesses, protection and privacy 406,
416–17
WMD
bilateral agreements 620
criminalisation 620
Interdiction Principles
(2003) 619–20
Iraq 1248–50
SC resolution 687 (1991) 1248–50
SC resolution 1540 (2004) 620
search and visit, right of 619–20
as threat to the peace 1240
Women, Committee on the Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination
Against
see also General Recommendations
(CEDAW)
Commission on the Status of Women
and 322
establishment 322–3
general recommendations,
procedure 323–4
grave orsystematicviolations, right
to inquire into 324, 334
individual petition, right of (Optional
Protocol) 324
inquiries 324
meetings 323, 324
membership 323
procedure 323
reporting obligations 323
torture, prohibition 325
Women, Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination
Against (1979)
‘discrimination against women’ 287
n129, 288
nationality and 662
standing to pursue remedy for
breach 385
Wome n, C onven tion on the Nationality
of Married (1957) 662
Women, Inter-American Commission
of 385
advisory opinions, right to seek 385
Women, Inter-American Convention on
the Prevention, Punishment and
Eradication of Violence Against
(1994) 325, 385
women, rights of
see also gender discrimination
African Commission Special
Rapporteur 392–3
Commission on the Status of
Wome n 322
death penalty and 318
development 301
differential treatment, justifiable 324
ECtHR, nominations for
appointment as judge and 352 n38
equality in marriage and family
relations 324
female circumcision, eradication
324
government, participation in 324
growing importance 324–5
health and 324
IAComHR specialrapporteur 383
ILO and 325
index 1541
in international law 65
minorities and 318–19, 321
nationality 662
prostitution and 325
UN treaty body obligations 325
UNHRC General Comment 28
318–19
Vienna Declaration and Programme
of Action (1993) 280, 324
Violence Against Women,
Declaration on Elimination of
(1994) 287 n129, 325
violence, measures to protect
against 324
Violence, Special Rapporteur on its
Causes and Consequences 325
websites 1335
Women, UN Commission on the Status
of 322, 1213 n40
work, right to
CIS Convention 378
General Comment (UNCESCR)
1 310
ICESCR 6 and 7308
UDHR 23 279
workers’ rights
consultation 361 n102
ESC 361
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
(2000) 371
participation in the improvement of
working conditions 361 n102
working conditions
see also ILO
19th century developments 270
World Administrative Radio
Conferences 549
Worl d B an k
accountability 1040
constituent instrument,
interpretation 1304 n97
decision-making 1286
dissolution powers 1329
establishment (1944) 40, 1285–6
Foreign Direct Investment
guidelines 250, 828, 835, 837, 842
n373
Global Environmental Facility
(GEF) 846, 874, 881
Governor, role 1286
IDA 1286
IFC and 1286
immunity from jurisdiction,
waiver 1327 n199
membership 1285–6
Multilateral Investment Guarantee
Agency 842–3
privileges and immunities 1319
n168
state succession to state property
and 993
structure and organisation 1286
voting 1286
websites 1333, 1338
Worl d B an kdisputesettlement
procedures
Bank Board, role 1040
Bank Management, role 1040
Inspection Panel 1021 n59
World Cultural and Natural Heritage
Convention (1972), federal state
compliance 222
World Food Council 303
Worl d Food Pro gra mm e 262
Worl d Her itage List 222
wrecks 589
WTO
see also GATT/WTO dispute
settlement procedures;
GATT/WTO dispute settlement
procedures (DSU)
aims 1287
establishment (1995) 1287
GATS Council 1287
General Council 1287
Marrakesh Agreement (1994) 1287
Ministerial Conferences 1287
structure and organisation 1287
Ta iw an ( Ta ipei) and 235
Tr ade in Goods Council 1287
TRIPS Council 1287
website 1339
Ya moussoukro Accord (1991) 1277
Ye m e n A r a b R e p u b lic/People’s
Democratic Republic of Yemen
UN membership 985
unification (1990) 963–4
1542 index
Yugoslavia (FRY)
arms sanctions (UNC 41) 1245,
1246, 1257, 1269, 1279
designation as (Dayton
Agreement) 284 n105
ethnic cleansing 316
FrameworkConvention for the
Protection of National Minorities
(1994) and 367 n141
human rights in 982
ICJ, standing 963, 1073–4
Kosovo, sovereignty and territorial
title 233
redesignation as Serbia (2006) 963,
1211
as successor to SFRY 209–10, 962–3,
981
UN membership 210, 963, 985
Yugoslavia, International Criminal
Tr ib unal for the Former (ICTY):
see ICTY
Yugoslavia (SFRY)
Racial Discrimination Committee
and 312
UDHR and 278–9
Yugoslavia (SFRY), dissolution and
succession 36, 198, 209–10
ACYOpinion No. 1 198, 210, 448
ACYOpinion No. 2 291, 1005
ACYOpinion No. 8 210
ACYOpinion No. 11 454 n34
ACYOpinion No. 13 958, 991–2
ACYOpinion No. 14 986–91
ACYOpinion No. 18 450
collective use of force other than
under Chapter VII 1257–60
continuity of state and 209–10, 960,
962–3, 981
date 959–60, 962
economic sanctions as enforcement
measures (UNC 41) 210, 1245–6
EU Declaration on recognition of
Yugoslav Republics 452, 465 n88
EU Guidelines (1991) and 207,
451–2
maritime blockade 1275 n350
nationality and 1008
recognition of successor states 451–3
SC resolutions 210, 963
as threat to the peace (SC resolution
713 (1991)) 1237–8
uti possidetis principle and 527–8,
968 n68
Yugoslav Agreement on Succession
Issues (2001) 989, 991, 992 n192,
993, 996, 1000
Zaire
see also Congo, Democratic Republic
of
Bogot
´
aDeclaration (1976) 552
seabed resources 628
UNHRC and 315 n271
Zambia, treaty succession and 958 n6
Zimbabwe, judicial independence 393
Zionism, racial discrimination,
whether 395 n298
Zouche, Richard 25