MacBain Alexander. Etymological Dictionary of Scottish-Gaelic 2nd Edition

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Gr. @G[nékus], corpse, from [nek], kill.

<colbh>, pillar, Ir. [colbh], E.Ir. [colba], W. [celff], Br. [kelf]; Lat. [columna],

Eng. [column]; root [qel], high. G. <colbh>, plant stalk, Ir. [colmh],

is allied to Lat. [culmus]. The Celtic words, if not borrowed

from, have been influenced by the Lat.

<colc>, an eider duck (Heb.); from Sc., Eng. [colk], E.Fris. [kolke], the

black diver.

<colg>, wrath, Ir., [colg]; a metaphorical use of [calg] (i.e. [colg]), q.v.

<colg>, sword (ballads). See [calg].

<collachail>, boorish (H.S.D.; O'R. quoted as authority), Ir. [collach-amhuil];

from Ir. [collach], boar. See [cullach].

<collaid>, a clamour, Ir. [collóid]; see [coléid].

<collaidh>, carnal, sensual, so Ir., E.Ir. [collaide]; for [colnaide], from

[colann], body, flesh.

--page 97

<collaidin>, <codalan>, white poppy (H.S.D.; O'R. only quoted), Ir.

[collaidín], [codalán]; from [colladh], [codal], sleep.

<collainn>, a smart stroke; also <coilleag>.

<colman>, a dove; see [calman].

<colpack>, a heifer, steer, Ir. [colpack], M.Ir. [calpach]; apparently

founded on Norse [kálfr], a calf. Hence Sc. [colpindach].

<coltach>, like; for [co-amhuil-t-ach]. See [amhuil], [samhuil].

<coltar>, a coulter, Ir. [coltar], E.Ir. [coltar]; from M.Eng. [cultre],

Lat. [culter].

<columan>, a dove, Ir. and O.Ir. [colum], W. [colomen], [cwlwm], Corn.

[colom], Br. [coulm]; from Lat. [columbus], [columba].

<cóm>, the cavity of the chest, Ir. [com], [coim], chest cavity, waist,

body. The G. is allied to W. [cwm], a valley, "a hollow",

[*kumbo-]; Gr. @G[ku@nfos], Lat. [cumbere]; Ger. [haube], hood;

root [kumbo-], bend. The O.Ir. [coim], covering, is from the

root [kemb], wind, as in [cám], q.v.

<coma>, indifferent, so Ir., E.Ir. [cuma], O.Ir. [cumme], idem, [is cumma],

it is all the same; from root [me], measure: "equal measure".

<comaidh>, a messing, eating together, E.Ir. [commaid], [*kom-buti-s],

"co-being", from [*buti-s], being. See [bě], be.

<comain>, obligatino, Ir. [comaoin], O.Ir. [commáin]: [*com-moini-]; Lat.

[communis]. See [maoin].

++<comairce>, protection; see [comraich].

<comanachadh>, celebration of the Lord's Supper; from [comann] or

[comunn], society, Lat. [communio], Eng. [communion].

<comannd>, a command; from the Eng.

++<comar>, a confluence, Ir. [comar], [cumar], E.Ir. [commar], W. [cymmer],

Br. [kemper], confluent, [*kom-bero-]; Lat. [con-fero]. Root [bher],

as in [beir].

<comas>, <comus>, power, Ir. [cumas], E.Ir. [commus], [*com-mestu-],

[*mestu-], from [med], as in [meas] (Zimmer, Brugmann).

<combach>, a companion; a shortened form of [companach].

<combaid>, company (Dial.):

<combaiste>, <compaiste>, a compass, Ir. [compás]; from the Eng.

<comh->, prefix denoting "with, com-, con-", Ir. [comh-], O.Ir. [com-],

[*kom-]; Lat. [cum], [com-], [con-], Eng. [com-], [con-], etc. It appears

as [comh-], [com-] (before [m] and [b]), [con-] (before [d], [g]), etc.

<comhach>, prize, prey: [*com-agos-]; root [ag], drive?

<comhachag>, owl, W. [cuan], Br. [kaouen], O.Br. [couann]; L.Lat.

[cavannus] (from the Celtic - Ernault), Fr. [chouette], O.Fr.

[choue]. Cf. Ger. [schugu], [uhu]. An onomatopoetic word

originally.

<co had>, a comparison (Sh.); [comh]+[fada], q.v.

<co haib>, contention about rights (M`A.):

--page 98

<comhaich>, dispute, assert, contend:

<comhailteachd>, a convoy, Ir. [comhailtim], I join; from <comhal>, a

joining, so Ir., E.Ir. [accomallte], socius, O.Ir. [accomol], conjunctio,

W. [cyfall], [*ad-com-ol]. For [ol], see under [tional], alt.

<comhair>, presence, e regione, etc., Ir. [cómhair], E.Ir. [comair], W.

[cyfer], O.W. [cwer]: [com]+[air], the prep. [comh] and [air], q.v.

(Asc.). Cor. [kever]. Cf. [comhghar] of Ir.

<comhairc>, an outcry, appeal, forewarning, Ir. [cómhairce], E.Ir.

[comaircim], I ask: [com]+[arc]. For [arc], see [iomchorc].

<comhairle>, advice, Ir. [cómhairle], O.Ir. [airle], [air]+[le].

This [le] is usually referred to the root [las], desire, Skr. [lash],

desire, Lat. [lascivus], wanton. Ascoli suggests the root [la@-] of

O.Ir. [láaim], mittere, Gr. @G[e@'laúnw].

<comhal>, a joining - an Ir. word; see [comhailteachd].

<comhalta>, a foster-brother, Ir. [cómhalta], E.Ir. [comalta], W. [cyfaillt],

friend, [*kom-altjos], root [al], rear, Lat. [alo]. See [altrum].

<comharradh>, a mark, Ir. [cómhartha], O.Ir. [comarde]; from [com] and

O.Ir. [airde], signum, W. [arwydd], M.Br. [argoez], [*are-video-];

root [vid], as in Lat. [video], here [pr@oe-video], etc.

<comhart>, the bark of a dog; from [comh] and [art], O.Ir. [artram],

latratus, W. [cyfarth], [arthio], to bark, O.Br. [arton]. Cf. Ir.

[amhastrach], barking.

<cňmhdach>, clothing, covering, Ir. [cúmhdach], veil, covering, defence,

E.Ir. [comtuch], [cumtach], covering, "shrine": [*con-ud-tog];

root [teg], [tog], as in [tigh], q.v. Cf. [cúintgim], peto: [*com-di-segim].

<cňmhdaich>, allege, prove: [*com-atach]; see [atach]?

<cňmhdhail>, a meeting, Ir. [cómhdháil>, E.Ir. [comdál]: [com]+[dáil];

see [dáil].

<cňmhla>, together, Ir. [cómhlámh]: [com]+[lŕmh], "co-hand, at hand".

See [lŕmh].

<cňmhla>, door, door-leaf, Ir. [cómhla], E.Ir. [comla], gen. [comlad]:

[*com-la@-], root [(p)la@-], fold, groove (cf. Lat. [sim-plu-s], O.H.G.

[zwîfal], two-fold); root [pal], [pel], as in [alt], joint.

<comhlann>, a combat, Ir. [cómhlann], E.Ir. [comlann]: [*com+lann];

see [lann].

<comhluadar>, conversation, colloquy, Ir. [cómhluadar], company,

conversation; from [luaidh], speak ([*com-luad-tro-]). See

[luaidh].

<cňmhnadh>, help, Ir. [cúngnamh], O.Ir. [congnam], inf. to [congniu], I

help: [com]+[(g)ně], "co-doing". See [ně], do [gněomh], deed.

<cňmhnard>, level, Ir. [cómhárd]: [com]+[ŕrd], "co-high, equally high".

<cňmhnuidh>, a dwelling, Ir. [cómhnuidhe], a tarrying, dwelling, E.Ir.

[comnaide], a waiting, delay, (also [irnaide]): [*com-naide]; root

--page 99

[nes], [nas], dwell; Gr. @G[naíw], dwell, @G[néomai], go, @G[naétes], inhabitant;

Skr. [nas], join any one.

<cňmhradh>, conversation, Ir. [cňmhradh]; [com]+[rŕdh]; see [rŕdh].

<cňmhrag>, a conflict, Ir. [cómhrac], E.Ir. [comrac], battle, O.Ir.

[comracc], meeting, W. [cyfrang], rencounter, [*kom-ranko-]; root

[renk], assemble; Lit. [rěnkti], assemble, [surinkěmas], assembly.

<comhstadh>, a borrowing, loan: [*com-iasad-]; see [iasad]? Cf. E.Ir.

[costud], consuetudo.

<compŕirt>, partnership, Ir. [cómpártas]; from [com-] and [pŕirt], q.v.

<companach>, companion, Ir. [cómpánach], M.Ir. [companach]; from

E.Eng. [compainoun], through Fr., from L.Lat. [compâniô],

"co-bread-man", from [pânis], bread. Dialectic <combach>.

<comradh>, aid, assistance:

<comraich>, protection, sanctuary, Ir. [cómairce], [comruighe], E.Ir.

[comairche], M.Ir. [comairce]; from the root [arc], defend, as in

[teasairg], q.v.

<comunn>, society, company, Ir. [cumann]; from Lat. [communio], Eng.

[communion].

<con->, with; see [comh-].

<cona>, cat's tail or moss crops (Sh.); see canach. Cf. [gonan], grass

roots.

<conablach>, a carcase, so Ir.; for [con-ablach]; see [con-] and [ablach].

"Dog's carcase" (Atkinson).

<conachag>, a conch (M`A.); from the Eng.

<concachair>, a sick person who neither gets worse nor better (M`A.),

uproar (M`F.):

<cona-ghaothach>, tempest, raging gale (Hend.):

<conair>, a path, way (Sh., O'B.), so Ir., O.Ir. [conar]:

<conaire>, the herb "loose-strife", Ir. [conair] (O'R.); see [conas].

<conal>, love, fruitage (Carm.):

<conalach>, brandishing (Sh.; not H.S.D.); cf. the name [Conall],

[*Cuno-valo-s], roots [kuno] (see [curaidh]) and [val], as in [flath], q.v.

<conaltradh>, conversation, Ir. [conaltra] (O'R.; Sh.): [*con-alt-radh]?

For [alt], see [alt], joint.

<conas>, a wrangle, so Ir. (O'R., Sh.); from [con-], the stem of [ců],

dog: "currushness"?

<conas>, <conasg>, furze, whins, Ir. [conasg] (O'R., Sh.): cf. [conas] above.

Manx [conney], yellow furze.

<condrachd>, <contrachd>, mischance, curse, E.Ir. [contracht]; from

Lat. [contractus], a shrinking, [contraction].

<confhadh>, rage, Ir. [confadh], M.Ir. [confad]: [con]+[fadh]; for [fadh],

see [onfhadh].

<cňnlan>, an assembly, Ir. [conlán]. H.S.D. gives as authorities for

the Gaelic word "Lh. et C.S.".

--page 100

<conn>, sense, so Ir., E.Ir. [cond]: [*cos-no-], root [kos], [kes], as in G. [chě],

see; Gr. @G[konnéw], understand, @G[kósmos], array ("what is seen"),

world. See further under [chí] for [kes]. Stokes equates [cond]

with Got. [handngs], wise; but this is merely the Eng. [handy].

It has been suggested as an ablaut form to [ceann], head. Got.

[hugs], sense, has also been compared; [*cug-s-no-] is possible.

<connadh>, fuel, so Ir., O.Ir. [condud], W. [cynnud], Cor. [cunys],

[*kondutu-]; rrot [kond], [kn@.d]; Lat. [candeo], [incendo]; Gr.

@G[kándaros], coal.

<connan>, lust:

<connlach>, straw, stubble, so Ir. O.Ir. [connall], stipula: [konnallo-];

Lat. [cannula], [canna], a reed, [canalis], Gr. @G[kánna], reed. See

[coinnlein].

<connsaich>, dispute; see under [ionnsaich].

<connspair>, a disputant: [*con-desbair]; see [deasbair].

<connspeach>, a wasp, Ir. [connspeach] (Fol.); see [speach], wasp.

<connspoid>, a dispute, Ir. [conspóid]; from a Lat. [*consputatio], for

[*condisputatio]. See [deasbud].

<connspunn>, <conspull>, <cňnsmunn>, a hero, Ir. [conspullach], heroic

(O'R.):

<constabal>, the township's bailiff (Heb.); from Eng. [constable].

<contraigh>, neaptide, O.Ir. [contracht]; from Lat. [contractus],

shrinking (Zeuss, Meyer). See <condracht> and <traogh>.

<contran>, wild angelica, Ir. [contran] (O'R.):

<conuiche>, a hornet (H.S.D.), <cňnuich> (Arm.), <conuibhe>, <connuibh>

(M`L., M`A.); used by Stewart in the Bible glosses. Same

root as [conas].

<cop>, foam, M.Ir., E.Ir. [copp]; from Ag.S., M.Eng. [copp], vertex,

top, Ger. [kopf], head.

<copag>, docken, Ir. [copóg], [capóg]; M.Ir. [copóg]. Founded on the

Eng. [cop], head, head-dress, crest, tuft; W. [copog], tufted.

The same as [cop], q.v.

<copan>, a boss, shield boss, cup; from the Norse [koppr], cup, bell-shaped

crown of a helmet, Eng. [cup].

<copar>, copper, Ir. [copar]; from the Eng.

<cor>, state, condition, Ir. [cor], O.Ir. [cor], positio, "jactus", [*koru-],

vb. [*koriô], I place. See [cuir].

<cňram>, a faction, a set (M`A.); from the Eng. [quorum].

<corc>, a cork, so Ir.; from the Eng.

<corc>, a knife, gully, dirk, Ir. [corc]: [*korko-], [*qor-qo-], root [qor], [qer]

cut; Lit. [kirwis], axe; Gr. @G[kérma], a chip, @G[keírw], cut. Allied

to the root [sqer] of [sgar], q.v.

<corc>, oats, Ir. [coirce], M.Ir. [corca], W. [ceirch], Br. [kerc'h], [*korkjo-].

Bezzenberger suggests connect with Lettic [kurki], small

corn. Possibly for [kor-ko-], where [kor], [ker] is the root which

--page 101

appears in Lat. [Ceres], Eng. [cereal], Gr. @G[kóros], satiety, Lit.

[szérti], feed. The meaning makes connection with Gr.

@G[kórkoros], pimpernel, doubtful.

<corcur>, crimson, Ir. [corcur], scarlet, O.Ir. [corcur], purple, W.

[porphor]; from Lat. [purpura] (Eng. [purple]).

<cňrd>, a rope, Ir. [corda]; from Eng. [cord], Lat. [corda].

<cňrd>, agree, Ir. [cord]; from obsolete Eng. [cord], agree, bring to an

agreement, from Lat. [cord-], the stem of [cor], heart, whence

Eng. [cordial], etc. The Sc. has the part. as [cordyt], agreed.

<cordaidhe>, spasms (Sh.): "twistings", from [cňrd].

<cňrlach>, bran, refuse of grain (M`D.; O'R has [corlach]), <cňrrlach>,

coarsly ground meal, over-plus. A compound of [cňrr],

"what is over"?

<cňrn>, a drinking horn, Ir., E.Ir. [corn], W. [corn], Br. [korn], [*korno-];

Lat. [cornu]; Eng. [horn]; Gr. [kéras], horn.

<cňrnuil>, retching, violent coughing: [*kors-no-]? For [kors], see

[carrasan].

<coron>, a crown, Ir., E.Ir. [coróin], [corón], W. [coron]; from Lat.

[corona] (Eng. [crown]).

<corp>, a body, Ir., O.Ir. [corp], W. [corff], Br. [korf]; from Lat. [corpus]

(Eng. [corpse], Sc. [corp]).

<corpag>, tiptoe (Arm.); seemingly founded on [corr] of [corrag].

<corr>, a crane, Ir., E.Ir. [corr], W. [crychydd], Cor. [cherhit], O.Br.

[corcid], ardea, [*korgsâ], [korgjo-s]; Gr. @G[kérhw], be hoarse, @G[kerhnc],

a hawk, O.Sl. [kraguj], sparrow-hawk. Cf. W. [cregyr], heron,

"screamer", from [cregu], be hoarse; Ag.S. [hrágra], Ger.

[reiher], heron, Gr. @G[krízw], @G[kríke], screech.

<cňrr>, excess, overplus, Ir. [corr]; G. <corr>, odd, Ir. [cor], [corr], odd;

also Ir. [corr], snout, corner, point, E.Ir. [corr], rostrum, corner.

The E.Ir. [corr], rostrum, has been referred by Zimmer and

Thurneysen to [corr], crane - the name of "beaked" bird doing

duty for "beak". The modern meanings of "excess,

odd" (cf. [odd] of Eng., which really means "point, end")

makes the comparison doubtful. Refer it rather to [kors-], stick

out, point, head; Gr. @G[kórsc], head; stem [keras-]; Lat. [crista],

Eng. [crest]; further is Gr. @G[kéras], horn, Lat. [cerebrum], Norse

[hjarsi], crown of the head; and also [corn], horn, q.v. Hence

<corran>, headland.

<corra-biod>, an attitude of readiness to start; from [cňrr], point,

and [biod] = [biog], start. <corra-beaga> (M`A.).

<corrach>, abrupt, steep, Ir., M.Ir. [corrach], unsteady, wavering;

"on a point", from [corr], point, odd?

<corra-chagailt>, glow-worm-like figures from raked embers, Ir.

[corrchagailt]; from [cňrr], a point, and [cagailt].

--page 102

<corradhuil>, first effor of an infant to articulate. An onomatopoetic

word.

<corrag>, a forefinger, finger; from [cňrr], point, etc.

<corra-ghriodhach>, a heron, crane, Ir. [corr-ghrian], heron; from

[cňrr], and (E.Ir.) [grith], a cry, scream, [*gr@.tu-], root [gar], of

[goir], q.v.

<corran>, a sickle, Ir. [corrán], [carrán], M.Ir. [corrán], [*korso-], root

[kors], [kers], an extension of I.E. [qero], Gr. @G[keírw], etc., as in [corc],

q.v. Cf. I.E. [qerpo], cut, from the same root, which gives

Lat. [carpo], cull, Gr. @G[karpós], fruit (Eng. harvest), Lit. [kerpu],

cut, Skr. [kr@.pana], sword. G. may be from a [korpso-], [korso-].

The Gaelic has also been referred to the root [kur], round, as

in [cruinn], Ir. [cor], circuit (O'Cl.).

<corran>, headland; see [cňrr].

<corran>, a spear, barbed arrow (Ossianic Poems); from [corr], a

point, q.v.

<corranach>, loud weeping, "coronach", Ir. [coránach], a funeral cry,

dirge: [co]+[rŕn-ach], "co-weeping"; see [rán].

<corrghuil>, a murmur, chirping (Heb.); see [corradhuil].

<cňrrlach>, coarsely ground meal, overplus; see [cňrlach].

<corruich>, anger, rage, Ir. [corruighe], vb. [corruighim], stir, shake;

from [corrach]. The striking resemblance to M.Eng. [couroux],

O.Fr. [couroux] (from Lat. [corruptus]), has been remarked by

Dr Cameron (Rel.Celt. II, 625).

<cňrsa>, a coast; from the Eng. [course]. Cf. <cňrsair>, a cruiser.

<cor-shěomain>, thraw-crook; from [cor] or [car], q.v., and [sěoman], q.v.

<cos>, a foot, leg; see [cas].

<cňs>, a cave, Ir. [cuas], topographically [Coos], [Coose], M.Ir. [cuas], a

cave, hollow: [*cavosto-], from [cavo-], hollow; Lat. [cavus]. It is

possible to refer it to [*coud-to], [koudh], hide, Gr. @G[keúqw], Eng.

[hide], [hut]. The Norse [kjós], a deep or hollow place, is not

allied, but it appears in Lewis in the place-name [Keose].

<cosanta>, industrious; see [cosnadh].

<cosd>, cost, Ir. [cosdus] (n.), M.Ir. [costus], W. [cost]; from O.Fr. [cost],

Eng. [cost].

<cosgairt>, slaughtering; see [casgairt].

<cosgaradh>, valuation of the sheep and cattle which a crofter is

entitled to; Norse [kost-gorđ], state of affairs (Lewis).

<cosgus>, cost; a by-form of [cost].

<coslach>, like, <coslas>, likeness, Ir. [cosmhuil], like, O.Ir. [cosmail],

[cosmailius] (n.): [con]+[samhail], q.v.

<cosmhail>, like; see the above.>>

<cosmal>, rubbish, refuse of meat, etc. (M`A.):

--page 103

<cosnadh>, earning, winning, Ir. [cosnamh], defence, O.Ir. [cosnam],

contentio, [*co-sen-], root [sen], Skr. [san], win, [sangias], more

profitable, Gr. @G[e@'\nara], booty. M.Ir. [aisne], gain, [*ad-senia],

Skr. [sanati], Gr. @G[a@'/numi].

<costag>, costmary; from the Eng.

<cot>, a cottage; from Eng. [cot].

<cňta>, a coat; Ir. [cóta]; from the Eng.

<cota-bŕn>, a groat:

<cotan>, cotton, Ir. [cotún]; from the Eng.

<cothachadh>, earning support, Ir. [cothughadh], M.Ir. [cothugud],

support; from [teg], [tog], as in [tigh]?

<cothaich>, contend, strive; from [cath], battle?

<cothan>, pulp, froth; see [omhan].

<cothar>, a coffer, Ir. [cófra]; from the Eng.

<cothlamadh>, things of a different nature mixed together:

<cothrom>, fairplay, justice, Ir. [cómhthrom], equilibrium, E.Ir.

[comthrom], par: [com]+[trom], q.v.

<crŕbhach>, devout, Ir. [crábhach], O.Ir. [cráibdech], [crabud], fides, W.

[crefydd], [*krab], religion; Skr. [vi-çrambh], trust.

<cracas>, conversation; from Sc., Eng. [crack].

<crŕdh>, torment, Ir. [crádh], E.Ir. [crád], [cráidim] (vb.). Ascoli has

compared O.Ir. [tacráth], exacerbatione, which he refers to a

stem [acrad-], derived from Lat. [acritas]. This will not suit the

[ŕ] of [crŕdh]. Possibly it has arisen from the root [ker], cut,

hurt ([ker], [krâ]).

<crŕ-dhearg>, blood-red, E.Ir. [cró-derg]; see [crň].

<crag>, <crac>, a fissure; from the Eng. [crack].

<craicionn>, skin, Ir. [croiceann], O.Ir. [crocenn], tergus, Cor. [crohen],

Br. [kroc'hen], [*krokkenno-], W. [croen], [*krokno-] (?) From

[*krok-kenn]: [krok] is allied to Ger. [ru@cken], back, Eng. [ridge],

Norse [hryggr]; and [kenn] is allied to Eng. [skin]. For it, see

[boicionn].

<craidhneach>, a skeleton, a gaunt figure, <craidhneag>, a dried peat;

for root, see [creathach], [crěon] ([*krat-ni-]).

<crŕigean>, a frog, from [crŕg], [crňg], q.v.: "the well-pawed one".

<craimhinn>, cancer, Ir. [cnamhuinn]; from [cnŕmh], q.v.

<crŕin>, a sow, Ir. [cráin], M.Ir. [cránai] (gen. case): [*cra@-cnix],

"grunter", root [qreq], as in Lat. [cro@-cio], croak, Lit. [krőkti],

grunt.

<crŕiteag>, a niggard woman; likely from [crŕdh].

<crŕlad>, torment; from [crŕdh-lot], [crŕdh] and [lot], q.v.

<cramaist>, a crease by folding (Skye):

--page 104

<cramb>, a cramp-iron, Ir. [crampa]; from the Eng.

<crambadh>, <crampadh>, a quarrel:

<crŕlaidh>, crawl, crawling; from the Eng.

<crann>, tree, a plough, Ir. [crann], a tree, lot, O.Ir. [crann], W. and

Br. [prenn]: [*qrenn-]; cf. Gr. @G[kránon], cornel, Lat. [cornus], Lit.

[kéras], tree stump, O.Pruss. [kirno], shrub (Bezzenberger).

Windisch correlated Lat. [quernus], oaken, but this form,

satisfactory as it is in view of the Welsh, rather stands for

[quercnus], from [quercus], oak.

<crannadh>, withering, shrivelling, Ir. [crannda], decrepit; from

[crann]: "running to wood".

<crannag>, a pulpit, a wooden frame to hold the fir candles, Ir.

[crannóg], a hamper or basket, M.Ir. [crannoc], a wooden vessel,

a wooden structure, especially the "crannogs" in Irish lakes.

From [crann]; the word means many kinds of wooden

structures in Gadelic lands.

<crannchur>, lot, casting lots, Ir. [crannchar], O.Ir. [crannchur]; from

[crann] and [cuiir].

<crannlach>, the teal, red-breasted merganser; from [crann] and [lach],

duck, q.v.

<craobh>, tree, so Ir., E.Ir. [cróeb], [cráeb], [*croib]? "the splittable",

root [krei], [kri], separate; as [tree] of Eng. and its numerous

congeners in other languages is from the root [der], split; and

som other tree words are from roots meaning violence of

rending or splitting ([kládos], [twig], e.g.). For root [kri], see

[criathar].

<craoiseach>, a spear, E.Ir. [cróisech]; from [craobh]?

<craoit>, a croft; see [croit].

<craos>, a wide, open mouth, gluttony, so Ir., E.Ir. [cróes], [cráes],

O.Ir. [crois], gula, gluttony. Zimmer cfs. W. [croesan], buffoon.

Possibly a Celtic [krapesty-], allied to Lat. [cra@-pula], or to Gr.

@G[kraipálc], headache from intoxication.

<crasgach>, cross-ways, <crasg>, an across place; for [crosg], from [cros]

of [crois], a cross, q.v.

<crasgach>, corpulent (Sh.; H.S.D. for C.S.); from obsolete [cras],

body (O'Cl.), Ir. [cras], for [*crapso-], [*kr@.ps], root [kr@.p] of Lat.

[corpus]?

<cratach>, back of person, side (Skye): [crot]?

<crath>, shake, Ir. [crathadh], O.Ir. [crothim], [*kr@.to-]; perhaps allied to

Lit. [kresti], [kratýi], shake. But it may be allied to [crith], q.v.

It has been compared to Gr. @G[kradáw], brandish, which may be

for @G[skardáw], root [sker] in @G[skaírw], spring, Ger. [scherz], joke.

This would suit G. [crith], W. [cryd] and [ysgryd].

--page 105

<crč>, clay, Ir., O.Ir. [cré], g. [criad], W. [pridd], Cor., Br. [pry]. Its

relation to Lat. [cręta], which Wharton explains as from [crętus],

"sifted", from [cerno], is doubtful. If [cerno] be for [*crino], Gr.

@G[krínw], we should have the root [kri], [krei], separate, as in

[criathar], and it is not labialised in any language (not [qrei]).

The Celtic phonetics are not easily explained, however.

Stokes gives the stem as [qreid-], but the modern G. has the

peculiar [č] sound which we find in [gnč], [cč]. This points to a

stem [qre@--jâ], root [qrę], which is in agreement with Lat. [cręta]

without doing the violence of supposing [crino] to give [cerno],

and this again [crętus]. Cf. O.Ir. [clé], left.

<crč>, <creubh>, body; see [creubh].

<crčabag>, a ball for playing, fir cone:

<creach>, plunder, so Ir., E.Ir. [crech], plundering, hosting; cf. Br.

[kregi], seize, bite, catch (as fire). From the root [ker], cut,

ultimately. See [corc], knife, and [creuchd].

<creachag>, a cockle, Ir. [creach], scollop shell (O'R.); cf. W. [cragen],

a shell, Cor. [crogen], Br. [krog].

<creachan>, <creachann>, bare summit of a hill wanting foliage, a

mountain: "bared", from [creach]?

<creachan>, pudding mad with a calf's entrails (M`L.):

<creadhonadh>, a twitching, piercing pain (Heb.); possibly for

[cneadh-ghonadh], "wound-piercing".

<creag>, a rock, so Ir.; a curtailed form of [carraig]. Also (Dialectically)

<craig>. Hence Eng. [crag].

<creamh>, garlic, Ir. [creamh], earlier [crem], W. [craf]; Gr. @G[krómuon],

onion; Ag.S. [hramse], Eng. [ramsons]; Lit. [kermúsze@?], wild

garlic.

<crean>, <crion>, quake, tear up (Carm.):

<creanair>, sedition (Arm.; not H.S.D.), so Ir. (O'R.):

<creanas>, whetting or hacking of sticks (M`F.; H.S.D. considers it

Dialectic), neat-handed (M`L.):

<creapall>, entanglin, hindering, so Ir.; it is an Ir. word evidently,

from Lh.; founded on Eng. [cripple].

<creapall>, a garter, <crepailld> (Skye); (Arm. [creapull]):

<creathach>, (faded) underwood, firewood, Ir. [creathach], hurdle,

brushwood, faggots (O'R.): [*kr@.to-]; cf. [crěon].

<creathall>, cradle, from Northern M.Eng. [credil], Sc. [creddle], Eng.

[cradle], Ag.S. [cradol]. Further derivation at present uncertain

(Murray).

<creathall>, a lamprey:

<creatrach>, a wilderness, so Ir. (Lh., etc.); M`A. gives the word,

but it is clearly Ir. Cf. [creathach].

--page 106

<creic>, sell, M.Ir. [creicc], sale, E.Ir. [creic], buying, O.Ir. [crenim], I

buy, W. [prynn], buy; Skr. [krînami] (do.). There seems a

confusion in G. and E.Ir.with the word [reic], sell, q.v.

<creid>, believe, Ir. [creidim], O.Ir. [cretim], W. [credu], Cor. [cresy], Br.

[cridiff], [*kreddiô], O.Ir. [cretim], W. [credu], Cor. [cresy], Br.

[cridiff], [*kreddiô]; Lat. [cred]; Skr. [çrad-dadhâmi]. From

[cred-dô], "I give heart to".

<creigeir>, a grapple (M`D.); from some derivative of Norse [krćkja],

to hook, [krćkill], a crooked stick, Eng. [crook]?

<creim>, <creidhm>, gnaw, chew, nibble, Ir. [creimim], [creidhmim], M.Ir.

[créim]. Ir. is also [creinim], W. [cnithio], [cnoi] (which also means

"gnaw"): from [knet], [knen], [kno@-], [ken], bite, scratch, as in

[cnŕmh], q.v. The [n] of [kn] early becomes [r] because of the [m]

or [n] after the first vowel.

<crein>, suffer for (W. H.. Allied to the O.Ir. [crenim], buy:

"You will [buy] for it!" See under [creic].

<créis>, grease; from Sc. [creische], from O.Fr. [craisse], [cress], from

Lat. [crass], [crassus], thick. Eng. [grease] is of like origin.

<creithleag>, a gadful, so Ir. (Fol.), M.Ir. [crebar], W. [crëyr], root

[creb], scratch? Cf. Lett. [kribinát], gnaw off. Ir. [creabhar],

horse-fly.

<creňth>, wound, hurt (Dialectic), Ir. [creo], a wound (O'R.); <creonadh>,

being pained: [*krevo-] as in [crň], blood.

<creubh>, <creubhag>, <cré>, the body; cf. M.Ir. [crí], [*kreivio-], flesh,

body; Got. [hraiva-], Norse [hrae], body, O.H.G. [hreô], corpse.

It is possible to refer [crí], [cré] to [*krepi-], Lat. [corpus], O.H.G.

[href], Ag.S. [hrif], body, Eng. mod-[riff]. Stokes: [crí], [kr@.pes].

<creubh>, dun, crave; from the Eng. [crave].

<creubhaidh>, tender in health; seemingly from [creubh].

<creuchd>, wound, Ir. [créachd], O.Ir. [crécht], W. [craith], scar, [creithen],

M.Br. [creizenn] (do.), [*crempto-]; root [kerp], [ker], Lit. [kerpů],

cut, Skr. [kr@.pana], sword (Strachan). Stokes gives the Celtic

as [krekto-s], and Bez. cfs. Norse [hrekja], worry. This neglects

the [é] of Gadelic.

<creud>, what, Ir. [creud], [créad], E.Ir. [crét]; for [ce rét]. See [co] and

[rud].

<creud>, creed, Ir. [créidh], M.Ir. [credo], W. [credo]; from Lat. [credo], I

believe; the first word of the Apostles' [Creed] in Lat.

<creutair>, creature, Ir. [créatúr], W. [creadwr]; from Lat. [creatura].

<criadh>, clay, so Ir. Really the oblique form of [cré], q.v.

<criathar>, a sieve, Ir., O.Ir. [criathar], O.W. [cruitr], Cor. [croider],

M.Br. [croezr], [*kreitro-]; Ag.S. [hridder], [hriddel], Eng. [riddle],

Ger. [reiter]; further Lat. [crîbrum] ([*kri-@G[q]??ro-n]); root [kri], [krei],

separate, whence Gr. @G[krínw], Eng. [critic], etc.

<criachadh>, proposing to oneself; from [crěoch], end. Cf. Eng.

de[fine], from [finis] and [end], used for "purpose".

--page 107

<cridhe>, heart, Ir. [croidhe], O.Ir. [cride], W. [craidd], Br. [kreis], middle,

[*krdjo-n]; Gr. @G[kradía], @G[kardía]; Lat. [cor], [cordis]; Eng. [heart],

Ger. [herz]; Lit. [szirdis].

<crělein>, a small creel (M`E.), a box, small coffer (H.S.D.), <crilein>

(Arm., M`L.), a box, Ir. [crilín], E.Ir. [criol], coffer, [*krępolo].

<criol> (Arran, Perth). Stokes gives the stem as [krępo-],

and Bez. adds Skr. [çu@-/rpa], winnowing basket (Cf. for

phonetics [lěon], and Skr. [pűrna], full). Sc., Eng. [creel], which

appears about 1400, is usually derived hence; but as the

G. form itself is doubtful, and, from all appearance, taken

from Lh., it is best to look elsewhere for an etymology for

[creel], as, through Fr., from Lat. [craticula]. The G. [criol]

exists only in Sh., who found it in Lh. See [croidhleag].

<crěoch>, end, Ir. [críoch], O.Ir. [crích], [*krîka],from the root [krei],

separate, as in [criathar], q.v. Stokes and Bezzenberger join

W. [crip], a comb, and compare Lit. [kreikti], strew, and, for

sense, appeal to the Ger., Eng. [strand], "the strewed",

O.Slav. [strana], side. It has also been referred to the root

of Lat. [circus], circle, Gr. @G[kríkos].

<criom>, nibbling, <criomag>, a bit; see [creim].

<crěon>, little, withered, Ir. [críon], E.Ir. [crín], W. [crin], fragile, dry,

Br. [krin], [*kre@-no-s]; the root [kre@-] appears to belong to root [ke@-r],

[kera], destroy, Skr. [çr@.n@.a@-/mi], break, rend, Lat. [caries], decay,

Gr. @G[a@'kc/ratos], pure, untouched, Got. [hairus], sword. Stokes

allies it to Skr. [çrân@.a], cooked, [çrâ], cook, possibly a form of

the root [kera], mix, Gr. @G[kéramai], mix.

<crioncanachd>, a strife, quarrelsomeness, Ir. [críoncánachd]: an Ir.

word from Lh., apparently. Perhaps [críon-cán], "small

reviling".

<crionna>, attentive to small things, prudent, so Ir. ([críonna], Con.);

also dialectic <crěonda>, which shows its connection with [crěon].

Cf. W. [crintach], sordid.

<criopag>, a wrinkle, Ir. [criopóg]; founded on Eng. [crimp], [crumple].

M`A. has <criopag>, a clew of yarn.

<crios>, a belt, girdle, so Ir., O.Ir. [criss], [fo-chridigedar], accingat, W.

[crys], shirt, E.W. [crys], belt, M.Br. [crisaff], succingere, Br.

[kreis], middle. Bez. suggests comparison with Lit. [skritulýs],

circle, knee-cap, [skreiste@?], mantle. It has been referred also

to the root [krid] of [cridhe], heart.

<Crěosdaidh>, a Christian, Ir. [Criosduighe], M.Ir. [cristaige]; from

the G. [Crěosd], Ir. [Críosda], Christ; from Lat. [Christus], Gr.

@G[Hriostós], the Anointed One.

<criostal>, a crystal, so Ir; from the Eng.

<criot>, an earthen vessel (Dialect, H.S.D.), Ir. [criotamhail], earthen,

made of clay (O'B.), [criot], an earthen vessel (O'R.):

--page 108

<criotaich>, caress; see <cniadaich>.

<criplich>, a cripple; from the Eng. [cripple].

<crith>, shake, quiver, Ir., E.Ir. [crith], W. [cryd], O.W. [crit], [*kritu-];

Ag.S. [hriđa], fever, Ger. [ritten], fever. See [crath], to which

[crith] has been suggested as cognate (root [kr@.t], [krot], [kret].

<critheann>, <critheach>, the aspen tree, Ir. [crann-critheach]; from

[crith].

<crň>, a sheep cot, pen, Ir. [cró], M.Ir. [cró caerach], ovile, [crň na muice],

pig-stye, W. [craw], hovel, pig-stye, Br. [kraou], [crou], stable,

[*krâpo-s], a stye, roof; Ag.S. [hróf], Eng. [roof], Norse [hróf], a

shed (Stokes). The Norse [kró], small pen, Sc. [croo], seem

borrowed.

<crň>, the eye of a needle, Ir., E.Ir. [cró], W. [crau], M.Br. [cräo], Br.

[kraouenn].

++<crň>, blood, E.Ir. [cró], [crú], W. [crau], Cor. [crow], [*krovo-s]; Lat.

[cruor], gore; Lit. [kraújas], blood; Skr. [kravis], raw flesh; Gr.

@G[kréas], flesh; Eng. [raw].

++<crň>, death, Ir., E.Ir. [cró]. From the same origin as [crň], blood.

This is the Sc. [cro], the weregild of the various individuals in

the Scoto-Celtic Kingdom, from the king downwards.

<crňc>, beat, pound (Dialectic, H.S.D.):

<crňc>, a branch of a deer's horn; cf. Norse [krókr], Eng. [crook].

<crňcan>, a crook; from the Norse [krókr], Eng. [crook].

<croch>, hang, Ir. [crochaim], [croch], a cross, gallows, E.Ir. [croch], cross,

W. [crog]; from the Lat. [crux], [crucis].

<crňch>, saffron, Ir. [cróch]; from Lat. [crocus], from Gr. @G[krókos], [crocus],

and its product saffron.

<crodh>, cattle, Ir. [crodh], a dowry, cattle, M.Ir. [crod], wealth

(cattle): [*krodo-], I.E. [qordh], [qerdh]; Eng. [herd], Ger. [herde];

Lit. [kerdz@?us], herd (man), Ch.Sl. [creda], a herd; Skr. [çardhas],

a troop.

<crňdha>, valiant, Ir. [cródha], E.Ir. [cróda], valiant, cruel, [*croudavo-s],

"hardy"; root [croud] of [cruaidh], q.v.

<crodhan>, hoof, parted hoof, Ir. [crobhán], a little hoof or paw, See

[crubh].

<crog>, an earthen vessel, <crogan>, a pitcher, Ir. [crogán], pitcher,

E.Ir. [crocann], olla, W. [crochan], [*krokko-]; Gr. @G[krwssós],

pitcher (@G[*krwkjos]); to which are allied, by borrowing somehow,

Eng. [crock], Ag.S. [crocca], Norse [krukka], Ger. [krug]. G.

and W. phonetics (G. [g] = W. [ch].) are unsatisfactory. Schrader

derives these words from O.Ir. [crocenn], skin - a "skin"

vessel being the original.

<crog>, an aged ewe; from the Sc. [crock]; cf. Norw. [krake], a sickly

beast, Fries. [krakke], broken-down horse, etc.

--page 109

<crňg>, large hand, hand in paw form, <*crobhag>, Ir. [crobh], hand

from wrist to fingers, paw, hoof, O.Ir. [crob], hand. See [crubh].

<crogaid>, a beast with small horns (M`A.); from [crog]?

<crogan>, a gnarled tree (Arg.); cf. [crňcan].

<crňgan>, thornbush (Arg.), from [crňg], W. [crafanc], claw.

<crňic>, foam on spirits, rage, difficulty, cast sea-weed:

<croich>, gallows, Ir. [croch], gallows, cross, E.Ir. [croch], cross, W.

[crogbren], gallows; from Lat. [crux], [crucis].

<crňid>, a sumptuous present (Heb.); see [cnňid].

<crňidh>, pen cattle, house corn; from [crň]. Dialectic for latter

meaning is <cródhadh>.

<croidhleag>, a basket, amall creel; see [crělein].

<crňilean>, a little fold, a group; from [crň].

<crois>, a cross, so Ir., E.Ir. [cross], W. [croes]; from Lat. [crux].

<croistara>, <cranntara>, also <-tŕra>, <-tarra>, the fiery cross: [crois]+[tara];

see [crois] above. As to [tara], cf. the Norse [tara], war

(Cam.).

<croit>, a hump, hillock, Ir. [croit], W. [crwth], a hunch, harp, [croth], a

protuberant part (as calf of leg), [*crotti-]; from [krot], [kurt],

root [kur], round, as in [cruinn], [cruit], q.v.

<croit>, a croft; from the Eng. [croft]. In the sense of "vulva", cf.

W. [croth], Br. [courz], which Stokes refers to [cruit], harp; but

the G. may be simply a metaphorical use of [croit], croft.

<crňlot>, wound dangerously; [crň]+[lot], q.v.

<crňm>, bent, Ir. E.Ir. [crom], O.Ir. [cromm], W. [crwm], Br. [krom],

O.Br. [crum], [krumbo-]; from the same root as [cruinn]? The

Ag.S. [crumb], crooked, Eng. [crumple, Ger. [krumm], have been

compared, and borrowing alleged, some holding that the

Teutons borrowed from the Celts, and [vice versa]. Dr Stokes

holds that the Celts are the borrowers. The Teutonic and

Celtic words do not seem to be connected at all in reality.

It is an accidental coincidence, which is bound to happen

sometimes, and the wonder is it does not happen oftener.

<cromadh>, measure the length of the middle finger, Ir. [cruma],

[cromadh]; from [crom].

<croman>, kite, hawk, from [crom].

<cron>, fault, harm, Ir. [cronaim], I bewitch; cf. M.Ir. [cron], rebuking.

The idea is that of being "fore-spoken" by witchcraft. See

next.>>

<cronaich>, rebuke, Ir. [cronuighim], M.Ir. [cronaigim], [cron], rebuking,

E.Ir. [air-chron] (do.), [*kruno-]; cf. Teut. [hru], noise, Norse

[rómr], shouting, Ag.S. [hréam], a din.

<crňnan>, a dirge, croon, purring, Ir., E.Ir. [cronán]. O'Curry

(Mann. and Cust. III., 246) writes the Ir. as [crónán], and

defines it as the low murmuring or chorus to each verse of

--page 110

the [aidbsi] or choral singing. Sc. [croon], [croyn] (15th century),

corresponds to Du. [kreunen], groan, M.Du. [krönon], lament,

M.Low G. [kronen], growl, O.H.G. [chrônan], M.L.G. [kroenen],

chatter (Murray, who thinks the Sc. came from Low Ger.

in M.Eng. period). It seems clear that the Gadelic and

Teutonic are related to each other by borrowing; seemingly

the Gadelic is borrowed.

<cropan>, deformed person (Suth.); from Norse [kroppinn], deformed.

See under [crůb].

<crosach>, crossing, thwarting, Ir. [crosanta]; also G. <crosan> (and

<crostan>), a peevish man; all from [cros], the basis of [crois],

cross, q.v.

<crosanachd>, from [crosan], poet, chorister.

<crosda>, perverse, irascible, so Ir.; from the G. base [cros] of [crois],

cross.

<crotal>, lichen, especially for dyeing, cudbear: [*crottal]; [*crot-to-],

from [krot], cf. Gr. @G[krotw/nc], an excrescence on a tree. Hence

Sc. [crottle]. M.Ir. [crotal] means "husk" (which may be G.

<crotal> above), "kernel, cymbal". In the last two senses the

word is from the Lat. [crotalum], a rattle; the Irish used a

small pear-shaped bell or rattle, whence the Ir.Eng. [crotal]

(Murray).

<cruach>, a pile, heap, Ir., E.Ir. [cruach], W. [crug], Cor. [cruc], O.Br.

[cruc], [*kroukâ]; Lit. [kráuti], to pile, [krúvi], heap; Norse [krúga],

heap. Others have compared the Norse [hraukr], a small

stack, Ag.S. [hreác], Eng. [rick].

<cruachan>, <cruachainn>, hip, upper part of the hip, E.Ir. [cruachait];

from [cruach], heap, hump. Stokes translates the Ir. as

"chine", and considers it like the corresponding Ger. [kreuz],

derived from Lat. [crűcem], cross. The Gaelic meaning is

distinctly against this.

<cruaidh>, hard, Ir. [cruaidh], O.Ir. [cruaid], [*kroudi-s]; root [kreva], to

be blood, raw, whence [crň], blood, q.v.; Lat. [crűdus], Eng.

[crude]. Hence <cruailinn>, hard, rocky.

<crůb>, squat, crouch, Ir. [crúbadh], to bend, crook; also G. <crůbach>,

cripple, Ir. do.; from Norse [krjúpa], to creep, kneel (Eng.

[creep], etc.), [kroppinn], crippled, root [kreup], [krup], as in Eng.

[cripple], Sc. [cruppen thegether], contracted, bowed. Cf. W.

[crwb], bent.

<crůb>, bed recess (Carm.):