MacBain Alexander. Etymological Dictionary of Scottish-Gaelic 2nd Edition

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Gaul. [cambo-], root [kemb], wind; Gr. [kómbos], a band, bond; Lit.

[kinge@?], door-bar. It has been refered to the root of Gr.

@G[skambós], crooked (se [ceum]), and to Lat. [camera], whence Eng.

[chamber]. Hence <camag>, club, <camas>, bay.

<camag-gharuidh>, hoow above the eye, Ir. [camóg-ara], "the bend

of the [ara]", O.Ir. [aire], G. [arach], tempus; Gr. @G[pareiá], cheek.

<camart>, wry-neck:

<camastrang>, quarrelsome disputation (M`D.):

<camhach>, talkative; [*com-ag-ach], root [ag] in [adhan]?

<camhal>, a camel, Ir. [camhall], E.Ir. [camail], W. [camyll]; from Lat.

[camelus].

<camhan>, a hollow plain, Ir. [cabhán] (County [Cavan]); from the

Lat. [cavus].

<camhanaich>, break of day, twilight, Ir. [camhaoir]; (M`A. [sgamhanaich],

"lights"):

<camlag>, a curl:

<camp>, <campa>, a camp, Ir., M.Ir. [campa]; from the Eng. [camp].

<campar>, vexation, grief; from Sc. [cummar], Eng. [cumber].

<can>, say, sing, Ir. [canaim], O.Ir. [canim], W. [cana], sing. Br. [kana];

Lat. [cano], sing; Gr. @G[kanázw]; Eng. [hen].

<cana>, porpoise, young whale, Ir. [cana] (O'R.), [cána] (O'B.), whelp,

pup, M.Ir. [cana] (do.); from Lat. [canis]?

<canach>, mountain down, cotton Ir. [canach], O.Ir. [canach], lanugo;

Gr. @G[knc@nkos], thistle, @G[knekós], yellow; Skr. [ka@-ncanas], golden, a

plant; [*qonak-]. Stokes refers it to [*casnaka], Lat. [cânus],

white ([*casno-]), Ag.S. [hasu], grey, Eng. [hare].

<cŕnain>, language, Ir. [cánamhuin]. Seemingly a long-vowel form

of the root [qan], cry. See [cainnt].

<canal>, cinnamon; see [caineal].

<canan>, a cannon; from the Eng.

<canastair>, a canister; from the Eng.

<cangaruich>, fret; from Sc. [canker], fret, Eng. [canker].

<cangluinn>, trouble, vexation; from Sc. [cangle].

<canna>, a can, so Ir., E.Ir. [cann]; from Eng. [can].

<cannach>, pretty, kind; [*cas-no-], root, [qas], Lat. [ca@-nus], white ([casnus]),

Ag.S. [hasu], grey, Eng. [haze]? Or it may be allied to

Lat. [candidus], white, Skr. [cand], shine.

--page 69

<canntaireachd>, articulate music, chanting, Ir. [cantaireachd], singing,

[cántaire], a singer; from Lat. [cantor], [cano], I sing.

<cŕnran>, wrangling, grumbling, muttering, Ir. [cannrán]; from [can],

say, sing.

<cantal>, grief, weeping (Sh., M`L.), Ir. [cantlamh]:

<caob>, a clod, a bite, Ir. [caob], clod, M.Ir. [coep], E.Ir. [caip], [cáep],

clot, lump, O.Ir. [caebb oo], jecur.

<caoch>, empty (as a nut), blind, so Ir., O.Ir. [caech], W. [coeg], foolish,

Cor. [cuic], [*kaiko-s]; Lat. [caecus]; Got. [haihs], one-eyed.

<caoch>, <caothach>, rage; see [cuthach].

<caochan>, a streamlet; from [caoth], blind?

<caochail>, change, die, <caochladh>, a change, Ir. [caochluighim],

O.Ir. [caoimchláim cóem-chlóim]: [imchloud], [imchlóad], inversio;

for [co-imm-clóim]; from [clóim], muto: see [claoidh]. The aspiration

of the [mn] of [imb] is unusual, but the history of the word

is also unusual, for it actually appears as [claemchlód] in E.Ir.

oftener than once, and Ir. [claochlódh], [claochladh].

<caod Chaluim-chille>, St John's wort (Sh.):

<caog>, wink; apparently from Eng. [cock] (the eye). Cf. Norse

[kaga], keek; Sc. [keek]; Shet. [caog], peep slily.

<caogad>, fifty, so Ir., O.Ir. [cóica(t)], [*qenqekont]; Lat. [quinquaginta];

Gr. @G[pentc/konta]. See [cóig].

<caoidh>, lamentation, Ir. [caoi], [caoidh], E.Ir. [cói], [cái], inf. to [cíim],

ploro, [*keiô], root [qei], which appears in [caoin], q.v., and in

Eng. [whine], [whisper], etc. Bezzenberger suggests [*keipô], and

compares Lit. szëptis, grimace, Ch.Sl. [o-sipna@?ti], raucescere.

A former derivation of Stokes' is repeated by Rhys ([Manx.Pray.]

@+[2], 26): [*qesi], root [qes] as in Lat. [questus].

<caoillean>, a twig or osier for wicker, M.Ir. [cóelach]; from [caol],

slender.

<caoimheach>, a bedfellow (Sh.), Ir. [caoimhthech], E.Ir. [com-aithech],

neighbour; see [aitheach]. Also <caomhach>, friend, bedfellow.

The latter seems from, or influenced by, [caomh].

<caoimhneas>, kindness. This word is supposed by folk etymology

to be from [caomh], kind, whereas it is really allied to O.Ir.

[coibnes], affionitas, [*co-ven-estu-], root [ven] of [fine], q.v.

<caoin>, kind, mild, so Ir., O.Ir. [cŕin], kind, beautiful [[W. [cain]?]]:

[*koini-], root [koi], [kei] of [caomh], q.v. Stokes gives base as

[kaini-], and Bezzenberger compares Gr. @G[kaínusqai], excel, Ch.Sl.

[sina@?ti], gleam forth. If the base idea were "beauty", Eng.

[shine] might be compared.

<caoin>, the exterior surface of cloth, right side, rind, sward; from

[caoin], gentle, polished?

--page 70

<caoin>, weep, so Ir., O.Ir. [cóinim], [cáinim], O.W. [cuinhaunt],

deflebunt, Br. [couen], [queiniff], [*koiniô]; [qein], [qîn]; Eng. [whine],

Norse [hvína], whirr; Gr. @G[kinurós], wailing. See [caoidh].

<caoinich>, dry, make dry (as hay by the sun), <caoin>, seasoned;

from the adj. [caoin]?

<caoir>, a blaze, stream of sparks, a coal, Ir. [caor], E.Ir [cáer], [*kairo],

Eng. [hoar] ([*kairo-]), Teut. root [hai] in Norse [heiđ], atmospheric

clearness, O.H.G. [hei], heat, Eng. [heat]; Skr. [kętus], light.

More near are Gr. @G[kíris] (lamp, Hes.), Skr. [kirán@.a], a ray,

clear, has been also suggested. <caoran>, a peat ember.

<caoirean>, a plaintive song; also <caoi-rŕn>, moaning (H.S.D.). The

root word is [caoidh]; possibly [rán], roar, forms the latter part.

<caoirnean>, a drop of sheep or goats' dung, a drop or globule; cf.

Ir. [caoirín], a little berry, little sheep, from [caor], berry, [caora],

sheep. The two ideas seem confused in Gaelic. In Argyle,

[gaoirnean]; (Arg. [ao] here is northern [ao]). From [skar], [sharn]?

<caol>, slender, so Ir., O.Ir. [cóil], W., Cor. [cul], O.Br. [culed], macies,

[*koilo-]; Lett. [káils], naked; Lat. [caelebs], single? Gr. @G[ko@nilos],

hollow? Hence <caol>; <caolas>, a firth or Kyle.

<caolan>, gut, intesting, Ir. [caolán], E.Ir. [coelán], O.W. [coilion], exta;

from [caol].

<caomh>, tender, kind, so Ir., E.Ir. [coem], O.Ir. [cóim], W. [cu], O.W.

[cum], Br. [cuff], [cun], debonnaire, [*koimo-], root [kei], lie; Gr.

@G[koimáw], put to rest, @G[ke@nimai], lie; Got. [háims], a village, Ag.S.

[hám]. Eng. [home]. The idea is "restful".

<caomhach>, bedfellow, friend, Ir. [caomthach], friend; see [caoimheach],

and cf. Ir. [caomhaighim], I protect, cherish, from [caomh].

<caomhain>, spare, save, <caomhnadh>, sparing, Ir. [caoimhnaim],

preserve, keep, protect, [caomhaighim], [caomhnuighim], preserve.

The last form seems the most original, if we refer the root to

O.Ir. [anich], protegit, [aingim], I protect ([a-nak]), root [nak] and

[nank], as in [adhlac], [thig], etc. The form [nak] is more particularly

allied to Skr. [náçati], reach, Lit. [neszů], draw. The G.

verb may have been [*com-anich-]. It is possible to derive it

from [caomh] with [caomhuin] as an inf. form which usurped the

place of the present stem.

<connag>, strife, tumult, Ir. [caonnóg], strife, a next of wild bees:

[*cais-no-], root [kais], [kai], heat, Eng. [heat], G. [caoir]?

<caor>, berry of the rowan, a mountain berry, Ir. [caor], O.Ir. [cáer],

bacca, W. [cair], berries, [ceirion], berry [*kairâ]. It is seemingly

the same word as [caoir], blaze, the idea arising probably from

the [red] rowan berries.

--page 71

<caora>, a sheep, Ir. [caora], g. [caorach], O.Ir. [câer], [*cairax], from

[*ka(p)erax], alliet to Lat. [caper], a goat, Gr. @G[kápros], a boar,

Eng. [heifer]. Cf. W. [caeriwrch], roebuck.

<caorrunn>, the rowan tree, Ir. [caorthann], E.Ir. [caerthann], W.

[cerddin], Br. [kerzin], [*cairo-tann], from [caor], berry, and [*tann],

tree, Br. [tann], oak, Cor. [glas-tannen]. The connection with

O.H.G. [tanna], fir, oak, M.H.G. [tan], wood, Ger. [tanne], fir,

Eng. [tan], [tanner] (Gr. @G[qámnos], bush?) is doubtful; it would

necessitate the idea of borrowing, or that the Celtic word was

[dann]. Ogam [Maqui Cairatini], McCaorthainn. Rhys says

W. is borrowed from Gadelic (C.F.L. 292).

<cŕpa>, a capl from the Eng. [cap].

<cŕpraid>, drunken riotousness (Dial.); from Lat. [*crâpula].

<capull>, a horse, mare (more commonly), so Ir., E.Ir. [capall], Br.

[caval]; from Lat. [capallus], whence Eng. [cavalry], etc., [caple] (M.Eng.

[capil], from Celt.) Norse [kapall], nag, seems borrowed

from Gaelic. The W. is [ceffyl], with remarkable vocalisation.

[capal-coille]?

<car>, turn, twist, Ir. [cor], M.Ir. [cor] (=[cuairt], (O'Cl.)), O.Ir. [curu],

gyros, W. [cor-wynt, turbo, M.Br. [coruent], [*kuro-]; Lat. [curvus];

Gr. @G[kurtós], curved. See [cruinn].

<cŕr>, friendly, related to, Ir. [cára(d)], a friend. See [caraid] for the

usual root.

<cŕradh>, condition, usage; from [cŕirich], mend.

<caraich>, move, stir, Ir. [corruighim], from [corrach], unsteady. The

G. confuses this with [car], turn.

<caraid>, a friend, so Ir., O.Ir. [cara], g. [carat], [*karant-]; O.Ir. verb

[carim], [caraim], I love, W. [caraf], amo, Br. [quaret], amare, Gaul.

[carantus], [Caractacus], etc.; Lat [cârus], dear, Eng. [charity], etc.;

Got. [hôrs], meretrix.

<cŕraid>, a pair, couple, Ir. [córaid], E.Ir. [córait]:

<carainnean>, refuse of threshed barley, Ir. [carra], bran; see

[carthuinnich].

<caraist>, catechism; from Sc. [carritch], a corruption of [catechise].

<caramasg>, contest, confusion (Arm. M`F.): from [car] and [measg]?

<caramh>, beside; see [caruibh].

<cŕramh>, <cŕradh>, condition, treatment:

<carathaist>, compulsory labour, <cairiste>, <cairbhist>, which last see.

<carbad>, a chariot, so Ir., O.Ir. [carpat], W. [cerbyd], O.Br. [cerpit],

Gaul. [carpentoracte], [Carbantia], [*karbanto-]; Lat. [corbis], a

basket; Norse [hrip], pannier for peats on horse-back. Lat.

[carpentum] (Eng. [carpenter], etc.), seems borrowed from Gaulish.

The root idea is "wicker", referring to the basket character

of the body of these chariots.

--page 72

<carbad>, jaw, jaw-bone, so Ir., W. [car yr ęn] (car of the mouth), Br.

[karvan]. The idea is "mouth chariot", from the resemblance

between the lower jaw and the old wicker chariots. Loth

cfs. W. [carfan], beam, rail, row.

<carbh>, engrave, carve; from the English.

<carbh>, a particular kind of ship or boat (Islay); from Norse

[karfi], a galley for the fiords.

<carbhaidh>, carraway-seed; from the English.

<carbhanach>, a carp, Ir. [carbhán], Manx, [caroo]; from Norse [karfi],

Eng. [carp].

<carcair>, a prison, sewer in a cow-house, Ir. [carcar], prison, E.Ir.

[carcair] (do.); from Lat. [carcer], prison, barrier. [cacair] in

Glenmoriston.

<carcais> a carcase; from the English.

<ca'rd>, card wool, Ir. [cardaighim]; from the Eng. [card].

<cargo>, a cargo, load; from the English.

<Carghus>, Lent, torment, Ir. [Corghas], M.Ir. [corgus], W. [garawys];

from Lat. [quadragessima].

<cŕrlŕg>, a lock of wool (Sh., H.S.D.), <carla>, a wool-card (Sh. Coneys

for Ir.); [*card-la-], from [card] of Eng. For phonetics, cf.

[ňirleach].

<cŕrlas>, excellence, Ir. [carlamh], excellent, [*co-er-lam-], [erlam],

clever, [*air-lam]? For [lam], see [ullamh].

<cŕrn>, heap of stones, cairn, Ir. [carn], E.Ir., W. [carn], Br. [karn],

[*kar-no-], root [kar], be hard; Gr. @G[kranaós], rock (@G[kra-], @G[kar]);

further Eng. [hard], [harsh]. See [carraig].

<cŕrn>, a horning. The G. seems a confusion between [cňrn], horn,

Eng. [horn], put to the [horn], and [cŕrn]. M`F. gives <ŕir chŕrn>

for "outlawed", <cŕrn-eaglais>, excommunication.

<cŕrn>, a sledge, cart, peat cart, Ir. [carr], dray, waggon, E.Ir. [carr],

biga, W. [carr], biga, O.Br. [carr], vehiculum (gl.), Gaul.

[chariot], [career], [carry], [cargo], charge]); from Celt. [karso-]; Lat.

[currus] ([quors-]), from [qr@.s]; Eng. [horse], [hurry].

<carnaid>, red; from Eng. [carnation].

<cŕrnag>, (1) a she-terrier, (2) a small fish found in stony shores at

ebb-tide. The first meaning from [cárn], cairn. Terriers were

used for cairn hunting.

<carr>, the flesh of the seal and whale (Heb.; Carmichael); founded

on obsolete [carn], flesh?

<cŕrr>, the itch, mange, superficial roughness, Ir. [carr]; <carrach>,

scabby, M.Ir. [carrach], [*karsâko-], from [kars], be rough, hard;

([*kors-ta-); further root [kar], to be hard, rough. For <cŕrr>,

rocky shelf, Ir. [carr], rock, see [carraig].

--page 73

<carrachan>, a frog-fish, called "cobler", Ir. [carrachán], the rock

fish called cobler (Coneys). From [carr], a rock. Also the

word means "the wild liquorice root" - [carra-meille], q.v.

<carragh>, a pillar stone, Ir. [carrthadh], [cartha], E.Ir. [corthe]. The

root, despite the vocalic difficulty caused by the E.Ir. form,

is likely the same as in [carraig]; yet cf. [kor] of [cuir], set.

<carraid>, conflict; from the root [kars] in [cŕrr], "rough-work"?

<carraig>, rock, so Ir., O.Ir. [carric], W. [careg], O.W. [carrecc], Br.

[karrek], [*karsekki-] (so Rhys, R.C.@+[17] 102, who thinks W.

borrowed), from root [kars], hard, rough; Norwegian, [herren],

hard, stiff, [harren], hard, Eng. [harsh], [hard] (root [kar]). See

[cŕrr].

<carra-meille>, wild liquorice, wood pease, Ir. [carra-mhilis]. The

name is explained as "knots of honey", the [carra] being the

same as [cŕrr], and [meille] the gen. of [mil]. Hence Sc. [carmele], etc.

<carran>, spurrey, spergula arvensis, Ir. [carrán], scurvy grass. From

the root [kars] of [cŕrr]. <carran> also means a "shrimp", and is

of the same origin.

<carran-creige>, the conger; see [carran] above.

<carrasan>, hoarseness, wheezing, Ir. [carsán]; from the root [kars], be

rough. See [cŕrr]. Cf. @G[kórnza], catarrh, [rotz].

<cŕrt>, a quart, Ir. [cárt]; from the Eng. [quart], Lat. [quartus].

<cartan>, a small brown insect that eats into the flesh, Ir. [cartán], a

small brown insect that eats into the flesh, a crab. A

Gadelicised form of [partan], q.v.

<carthannach>, affectionate, charitable, Ir. [carthannach]; from Lat.

[caritas].

<carthuinnich>, dwell apart as in a cave, separate (M`F.). Cf.

<caruinnean>, refuse of threshed corn, <caruinnich>, winnow.

Possibly from the root [kar], separate, a form of the root of

[sgar], q.v.

<caruibh>, <an caruibh>, beside, near. This is the dat.pl. of [car].

<cas>, foot, leg, Ir. [cos], O.Ir. [coss], W. [coes], [*koksâ]; Lat. [coxa], hip;

M.H.G. [hahse], bend of the knee; Skr. [kákshas], armpit.

<cas>, steep, sudden, Ir. [casach], an ascent, M.Ir. [cass], rapid, [*kasto-];

Eng. [haste].

<cas>, curled, Ir., M.Ir. [cas], curly, [casaim], flecto; [&qasto-], root [qas];

Norse [haddr] ([has-da-]), hair, Eng. [hair]; Lit. [kasa], hair-plait,

Ch.Sl. [kosa], hair (Kluge). Stokes compares it with Lat.

[quasillum], a basket, root [quas].

<cas>, gnash the teeth, Ir. [cais], hate, W. [câs], hate, Br. [cas], [*cad-s-to-];

Eng. [hate], Ger. [hass], Got. [hatis]. Of the same ultimate origin

as [cas], sudden (Strachan).

--page 74

<cas>, fire (as a stone) (Suth.), seemingly founded on Eng. [cast].

Cf. [casadh ar a chéile] = met (Ir.).

<cŕs>, a difficulty, Ir. [cás]; from Lat. [casus] (Eng. [case]).

<casach>, fishing tackle (part attached to hook): from [cas].

<casad>, <casad>, a cough, Ir. [casachdach], W. [pâs], [peswch], Br. [pas],

[*qasto-]; Eng. [host], Ag.S. [hvósta], Ger. [husten]; Lit. [kósiu];

Skr. [kâsate], coughs.

<casag>, cassock, Ir. [casóg]; from the Eng. The E.Ir. word is

[casal], from Lat. [casula].

<casaid>, a complaint, accusation, Ir. [casoid], O.Ir. [cossóit]. The

word is a compound, beginning with [con], and seemingly of

the same origin as [faosaid], q.v. Stokes thinks that the word

is borrowed from the Lat. [causatio]; this is not likely, however.

Root [sen], W. [cynhenn], quarrel.

<casair>, sea drift, Ir. [casair], a shower, E.Ir. [casair], hail, W. [cesair]

(do.), Br. [kazerc'h] (do.), [*kassri-], [*kad-tri-]; from root [cad] as

in Lat. [cado], fall. The Ir. and G. (?) [casáir], phosphorescence,

seems to be the same word.

<casan>, a path, Ir. [casán]; from [cas], foot.

<casan>, a rafter, roof-tree; from [cas]?

<casgair>, slay, butcher, so Ir., O.Ir. [coscar], victory, destruction;

[*co-scar]; see [sgar].

<casnaid>, chips of wood (Arm.), Ir. [casnaidh]; [*co-]+[snaidh], q.v.

<caspanach>, parallel (Sh.), Ir. [cospanach] (O'R.); [*co-spann]; see

[spann].

<castan>, a chestnut; from Lat. [castanea], through M.Eng. [castane],

[chestnut].

<castaran>, a measure for butter (quarter stone); from the Eng. [castor].

<castreaghainn>, the straw on a kiln below the grain (Arm., not

H.S.D.):

<cat>, a cat, so Ir., E.Ir. [catt], W. [cath], Cor. [kat], Br. [kaz], Gaul.

[Cattos]; Lat. [catta], perhaps also [catulus]; Eng. [cat], Ger. [katze],

etc. It is a word of doubtful origin; possibly, however,

Celtic, and applied first to the wild cat, then to the tame

Egyptian cat introduced in the early centuries of the Christian

era.

<cata>, <cŕta>, sheep-cot, pen; from Eng. [cot].

<catadh>, <catachadh>, taming, <cŕtadh> (M`F.); cf. [tataich].

<catag>, potatoe cellar (Dialectic); see [cata].

<catas>, refuse at carding of wool, Ir. [cadás], cotton, scraping of

linen rags; from Eng. [caddis]. See further under [caiteas].

<cath>, battle, Ir., O.Ir. [cath], W. [cad], O.W. [cat], Cor. [cas], Gaul.

[catu-]; O.H.G. [hadu-], fight, Ag.S. [heađo-], Ger. [hader], contention;

Skr. [çatru], enemy; Gr. @G[kótos], wrath.

--page 75

<cŕth>, chaff, husks of corn, Ir., O.Ir. [cáith], W. [codem], a bag, husk,

pod (?), [*kűti-], root [kât], [kat], as in [caith], spend, cast.

<cathachadh>, provoking, accusing, fighting, Ir. [cathaighim]; from

[cath], fight.

<cathadh>, snow-drift, Ir. [cáthadh], snow-drift, sea-drift; cf. M.Ir.

[cúa], gen. [cúadh], W. [cawod], O.Cor. [cowes], nimbus, Br. [kaouad],

[*kavat] (Stokes); allied to Eng. [shower]. It is possible to

refer the G. word to the root of [caith], [cŕth].

<cathair>, a city, Ir., E.Ir. [cathair], O.Ir. [cathir] (*kastrex], W.

[caer], Br. [kaer], [*kastro-]; Lat. [castrum], fort (Stokes). The

root seems to be [cat], [cats]; the phonetics are the same as in

[piuthar], for the final part of the word.

<cathair>, a chair, Ir. [cathaoir], E.Ir. [catháir], W. [cadair], Br. [kador];

from Lat. [cathedra], whence also, through Gr., Eng. [chair].

<cathan>, a wild goose with black bill (Heb.); see [cadhan].

<cathan-aodaich>, a web (M`D.):

<cŕthar>, mossy ground; see [cŕir].

<cathlunn>, a corn (Sh.; not in H.S.D.); formed on Lat. [callum].

See [calum].

<catluibh>, cudwort; see [cadhluibh].

<cč>, <cčath>, cream, M.Ir. [ceó], milk; cf. Br. [koavenn], which suggests

a form [keivo-] (cf. [glé] from [gleivo-]), root [kei], [skei], shade, cover,

as in Gr. @G[skiá], shadow, Ger. [schemen (do.)? The Br. [koavenn]

has been refered to [*co+hufen], W. [hufen], cream. Cf. [ceň],

mist, "covering".

<cé>, the earth, used only in the phrase <an cruinne cé>, the (round)

earth, Ir., E.Ir. [cé], [for bith ché], on this earth. The [cé] is

supposed to be for "this", from the pronomial [kei], Gr.

@G[kei@nnos], he, Lat. [ce], [cis], Eng. [he]. The root [kei], go, move (Lat.

[cio], Gr. @G[kíw]), has also been suggested.

<cč>, give?

<cč>, spouse (Carm.), Ir. [cé]:

<ceaba>, <ceibe>, the iron part of a spade or other delving instrument;

see [caibe].

<cčabhar>, a fine breeze (Heb.):

<ceabhar> (Carm.), sky, (Prov.) [ci'ar]:

<ceach>, an interjection of dislike; see the next word.

<ceacharra>, dirty, mean, obstreperous (Carm.), Ir. [ceachair], dirt,

M.Ir. [cecharda], [*kekari-]; from [kek], the [e] form of the root

[kak] seen in [cac], q.v.

<ceachladh>, digging, Ir. [ceachlaim], O.Ir. [ro-cechladatar], suffoderunt,

[*ce-clad-], a reduplicated or perfect form of the root [clad] of G.

[cladh], q.v.

<cead>, permission, so Ir., O.Ir. [cet], [*ces-do-]; Lat. [ce@-do], I yield (for

[ces-dô]).

--page 76

<ceadan>, bunch of wool, Ir. [ceadach], cloth, coarse cloth, W. [cadach],

clout. Rhys regards W. as borrowed from Ir. For all, cf.

[cadadh], [caiteas].

<ceadha>, the part of the plough on which the share is fixed. Also

<ceidhe>. Both words are used for Eng. [quay].

<ceafan>, a frivolous person (Dialectic):

<ceŕird>, a trade, E.Ir. [cerd]; see [ceŕrd].

<ceal>, stupor, forgetfulness, Ir. [ceal], forgetfulness; from the root

[qel] of [ceil], conceal. Cf. E.Ir. [cel], death. [ceal], end (Carm.).

++<ceal>, same, similar hue (Carm.):

<cealaich>, the fire-place of a kiln:

<cealaich>, eat (Kirk), Ir. [cealaim]; root [qel] as in Lat. [colo]?

<cealair>, a virago (Badenoch):

<cealg>, guile, treachery, so Ir., E.Ir. [celg], [*kelgâ]; Arm. [ke??ch??],

hypocrisy. The further root is [qel] of [ceil].

<ceall>, g. <cille>, a church, so Ir., E.Ir. [cell]; from Lat. [cella], a cell,

a hermit's cell especially, whence the Gadelic use. Hence

<cealloir>, superior of a cell, and the name Mackellar. "A

retired spot" (Hend.).

<cealtar>, broad-cloth, Ir. [cealtair], clothes, E.Ir. [celtar], [celt], raiment;

from [qel], cover, as in [ceil], q.v.

<ceana>, whither, for [c'iona], [c'ionadh]? Cf. Ir. [cá h-ionad]. See

[ionadh].

<ceanalta>, mild, kind, so Ir.; from [*cen], as in [cion], ++[cean], love,

desire. See [cion].

<ceangal>, a tie, binding, so Ir., E.Ir. [cengal], W. [cengl]; from Lat.

[cingulum], vb. [cingo], I bind, Eng. [cincture].

<ceann>, head, so Ir., O.Ir. [cend], [cenn], W., Br. [penn], Gaul, [Penno-],

[*qenno]. Perhaps for [qen-no-], root [qen] (labialised), begin,

Ch.Sl. [koni], beginning, as in [ceud], first. The difficulty is

that the other labialising languages and the Britonic branch

otherwise show no trace of labialisation for [qen]. Windisch,

followed by Brugmann, suggested a stem [kvindo-], I.E. root

[kvi], Skr. [çvi], swell, Gr. @G[Píndos], Pindus Mount; but the root

vowel is not [i], even granting the possible labialisation of [kvi],

which does not really take place in Greek. Hence <ceannag>,

a bottle of hay, <ceannaich>, buy (="heading" or reckoning

by the head; cf. Dial. <ceann>, sum up), <ceannaich>, head-wind

(Hend.), <ceannas>, vaunting (Hend.).

<ceannach>, a purchasing, so Ir., E.Ir. [cennaigim], I buy, O.Ir.

[cennige], lixa, [caingen], negotium.

<ceannairc>, rebellion, turbulence, so Ir.; [*ceann+arc]; for root

[arc], see [adharc]. For meaning cf. Eng. [head]strong, W.

[pen]ffest (do.).

--page 77

<ceannard>, commander, chief, Ir. [ceannárd], arrogant, commanding,

"high-headed", from [ceann] and [ŕrd]; M. [kinnoort], Ir. [ceannphort],

commander, authority, head post or city: [ceann]+[port].

<ceannrach>, <ceannraig>, (Cam.), a brindle or horse's head-gear, Ir.

[ceannrach]; from [ceann]+[rach]. For [rach] (root [rig]), see

[cuibhreach], [ŕrachas].

<ceannsaich>, subdue, tame, Ir. [ceannsaighim]; from [ceannas], superiority,

"head-ness", from [ceann] and the abst. termination [as].

Similarly [ceannsal], rule.

<ceap>, a block, shoemaker's last, so Ir., E.Ir. [cepp], W. [cyff], Br. [kef];

from Lat. [cippus].

<ceap>, catch, stop. This word seems borrowed from the Sc. [kep], of

like meaning, a bye-form of Eng. [keep]. The Ir. [ceap], bound,

bind, stop (?), seems from [ceap] above.

++<ceapach>, a tillage plot, Ir. [ceapach]. This Stokes refers to a

Celtic [keppo-], garden, root [kep], [ka@-], Lat. [campus], Gr. @G[ke@npos],

garden, Ger. [hube], piece of land. Satisfactory though the

meaning be, the derivation is doubtful as involving the preservation

of [p], even though flanked by a second [p] (or [-nó],

i.e. [kep-nó-], which is still more doubtful). Hence the common

place name <Keppock>.

<ceapag>, a verse, an impromptu verse, carelessly sung verse, E.Ir.

[cepóc], a chorus song: a rare word in Ir., and said to be Sc.

Gaelic for Ir. [aidbsi], great chorus. From [ceap], catch? cf.

Eng. [catch], a chorus verse. Zimmer suggests that it stands

[Ce Póc], "kiss here", (?) sung by the girls as a refrain at

gatherings!

<ceapaire>, bread covered with butter, etc. Ir. [ceapaire]; from [ceap],

a block. Cf. <ceapag>, a wheel-barrow wheel.

<cearb>, piece, article of clothing, so Ir., E.Ir. [cerp], cutting, [cerbaim];

[*kr@.bh], [skr@.bh]; Gr. @G[kárfos], twig, Eng. [shrub]; [*(s)ker], cut,

divide. Cf. W. [carp], rag, cerpyn. Bezzenberger cfs. M.H.G.

[herb], asper. St. now [skerb], Eng. [sharp].

<cearc>, a hen, so Ir., M.Ir. [cerc], [*cercâ]; from I.E. [qerqo], to sound,

hence "a noise-making bird"; Gr. @G[kérkos], a cock, @G[kréx], a

fowl; Lat. [querquedula], a teal, O.Prus. [kerko], a diver; Skr.

[kr@.ka-vâkus], a cock.

<cearcall>, a hoop, so Ir.; from L.Lat. [circulus], [circullus], a hoop,

from [circulus], a circle.

<ceŕrd>, a craftsman, Ir. [céard], E.Ir. [cerd], W. [cerdd], art; Lat. [cerdo],

craftsman; Gr. @G[kérdos], gain.

<ceŕrdach>, a smithy, Ir. [céardcha], O.Ir. [cerddchae]; from [cerd]+[cae],

the latter word [cae] meaning a house in Ir., a Celtic [kaio-n],

allied to Eng. [home].

--page 78

<ceard-dubhan>, scarabćbus, dung-beetle, hornet (H.S.D. for form),

<ceardaman> (M`A.); see [cearnabhan]. [cearr-dubhan] (Carm.),

"wrong-sided little black one".

<cearmanta>, tidy (Arm.); [cearmanaich], make tidy (Perth):

<ceŕrn>, a corner, quarter, Ir. [cearn], [cearna], angle, corner, E.Ir. [cern];

evidently an [e] form of the stem found in [corn], horn, q.v.

<cearnabhan>, a hornet, Ir. [cearnabhán]; from [*cerno-]. Cf. Eng.

[hornet] ([*kr@.s-en-]), Lat. [crabro].

<ceŕrr>, wrong, left (hand), E.Ir. [cerr], [*kerso-]; Lat. [cerritus], crazed;

Gr. @G[e@'gkársios], slantwise; Lit. [skersas], crooked.

<ceŕrrach>, a gamester, Ir. [cearrbhach], a gamester, dexterous

gambler. Cf. G. <ceŕrrbhag>, <cearrag>, the left-hand, the use

of which was considered in plays of chance as "sinister".

<ceart>, right, so Ir., E.Ir. [cert]; Lat. [certus], certain, sure, [cerno],

discern; Gr. @G[krínw], judge, @G[krités], a judge, Eng. [critic].

<ceasad>, a complaint (M`F.), Ir. [ceasacht], grumbling, M.Ir.

[cesnaighim], complain, [ces], sorrow, [*qes-to-]; Lat. [questus],

[queror], I complain, [querela], Eng. [quarrel].

++<ceasg>, floss (Carm.), animal with long flossy hair or wool, Ir.

[ceaslach], long hair or wool on fleece legs. See [Ceus].

<ceasnaich>, examine, catechise, Ir. [ceasnuighim]; from Lat. [qućstio],

[qućstionis], Eng. [question]. Stokes (Bk.of Lis.) has suggested

that the Lat. and Gadelic are cognate; though possible ([qais],

[qis] may become by umlaut [ces] in G.), it is improbable from

the stem form in [n] persisting in the G. verb.

<ceathach>, mist; this is really the old stem of [ceň], mist, E.Ir.

[ciach], q.v. Ir. [ceathach], showery, is from [cith], a shower.

<ceathairne>, yeomanry, the portion of a population fit for warfare;

see [ceatharn].

<ceatharn>, a troop, so Ir., E.Ir. [ceithern], [*keternâ]; Lat. [caterua],

troop, [catęna], a chain; O.Sl. [ceta], company (Stokes). It

has also been regarded as borrowed from Lat. [quaternio],

which in the Vulg. means a "body of four soldiers", quaternion.

Hence Eng. [cateran], [kern].

<ceidhe>, quay, coulter-place, Ir. [ceigh], quay. See [ceadha].

<ceig>, a mass of shag, clot, <ceigein>, a tuft, a fat man. From

Scandinavian [kagge], round mass, [keg], corpulent man or

animal, whence Eng. [keg]; Norse, [kaggi], cask, Norwegian,

[kagge], round mass.

<ceig>, a kick; from the Eng.

<ceil>, conceal, Ir., [ceilim], O.Ir. [celim], W. [celu], I.E. [qel]; Lat. [cęle],

Eng. con-[ceal]; Ag.S. [helan], hide, Eng. [Hell]; Gr. @G[kalúptw],

hide; Skr. [kála], darkness.

<céile>, spouse, fellow, so Ir., O.Ir. [céle], socius, W. [cilydd] ([y gilydd]

= [a chéile] of G. = [eguille] of Br.), [*keiljo-], "way-farer", from

--page 79

[kei], go (Lat. [cio], move, Gr. @G[kíw], go, [kínéw], move, [kinetics].

The idea is the same as in Ir. [sétig], wife, from [sét], way.

Strachan thinks that G. and W. demand a stem [ceglio-]; and

Dr Stokes thinks that, if [céle], servus, is different from [céle],

fellow, it must come from [kak-lio-] (better [keklio-]), and be

allied to Lat. [cacula], a servant. Hence <céilidh>, a gossiping

visit or meeting.

<ceileach>, martial (H.S.D.), Ir. [ceallach], war, M.Ir. [cellach], war;

Teut. [hildi-], war, Lat. [per-cellere], hit.

<ceileir>, chirping of birds, Ir. [ceileabhar], [ceileabhrach], musical,

M.Ir. [ceilebradh eoin] singing of birds, E.Ir. [celebrad], a

celebrating or observance, a welcome of joy; from Lat.

[celebratio].

<céillidh>, wise, sover, Ir. [céillidhe]; from [ciall].

<ceilp>, kelp; from Eng.

<céin>, remote; really the oblique form of [cian], q.v.

<céir>, wax, Ir., M.Ir. [céir], W. [cwyr], O.W. [kuyr], Cor. [coir], Br. [coar];

from Lat. [cęra], wax.

<céir>, <céire>, the buttock; see [péire].

<ceireanaich>, fondle, make much of (Perth); cf. [ceirein], plaster.

<ceirein>, a plaster, a "clout", Ir., M.Ir., [céirín], a plaster; from

[céir], wax. Eng. [cerate].

<ceirtle>, a clew, ball of yarn, Ir. [ceirsle] (so G. too), [ceirtlín], O.Ir.

[certle], glomus, [*kertilliâ]; from I.E. [qert], wind, bend; Skr.

[kart], spin; Lat. [cartilago], Eng. [cartilage]; Gr. @G[kártalos],

basket; Eng. [hurdle].

<céis>, a case, hamper; from Eng. [case]. Ir. [ceis], basket, M.Ir. [ceiss],

is a different word, possibly allied to, if not borrowed from,

Lat. [cista] (Stokes). From Ir. [ceis] comes <ceis-chrann>, polypody,

given in H.S.D. from O'R. Cf. O.Ir. [cass], basket,

Lat. [quasillus].

<ceisd>, a question, so Ir., E.Ir. [ceist]; from Lat. [qućstio]. Hence

<ceisdein>, a sweetheart, founded on "ceisd mo chridhe" -

darling (i.e., question, anxiety) of my heart.

<céiseach>, large, corpulent woman; see [ceňs].

<Céitein>, May, O.Ir. [cétam] (g. [cétaman]), [cetsoman] ([cetshaman]) in

Cor.Gl., where it is explained as [cét-sam-sín], the first weather-motion

of [sam] or summer. The word means the "first of

summer" - [cét+sam-], the [sam] of [samhradh], q.v. The termination

is possibly influenced by other time words. See

[Samhainn].

<ceithir>, four, Ir. [ceathair] (n.), [ceithre] (adj.), O.Ir. [cethir], W.

[pedwar], Cor. [peswar], Br. [pevar], Gaul. [petor-], [*qetveres], I.E.

[qetvôr]; Lat. [quatuor]; Gr. @G[téttares]; Got. [fidvôr], Eng. [four];

Lit. [keturi]; Skr. [catvâras].

--page 80

<ceň>, mist, Ir. [ceó], E.Ir. [ceó], g. [ciach], [*cevox], g. [*gevocos], I.E.

[sqevo-], Lat. [obscu@-rus], Norse [ský], cloud, Eng. [sky]. The idea

is "covering".

<ceňb>, a dark nook, corner:

<ceňban>, small drizzle; [ceň]+[boinne] or [-bainne], "mist-drop". The

Ir. is [ceóbhrán], for [ceň]+[braon]. This last is G. <ciůran>, q.v.

Hence <ceňpach> (for <ceňbnach>?). Also <ceňpan>. Ir. [ciabhrán],

drizzle, fog, M.Ir. [ciabor], mist.

<ceňl>, music, Ir., E.Ir. [ceól], g. [ciúil], [*kipolo-], a Gadelicised form of

[*pipolo]; onomatopoetic root [pi@-p], Lat. [pîpilo], chirp, [pipilum],

outcry, [pîpo], chirp, Ag.S. [pípe] , Eng. [pipe] (hence W. [pib], G.

[pěob], etc.). Stokes and Rhys have given a Celtic [qeqlo-] for

stem, allied to W. [pib], pipe. For phonetics, see [feňil]. Stokes

now suggests alliance with Ger. [heulen], hoot, howl, O.H.G.

[hiuwilôn].

<ceňs>, the hip, podex; see [ceus], poples. Hence <ceňsach>, broad-skirted,

bulky, clumsy.

<ceňsan>, burr or light down of feathers; see [ceus], wool of legs, etc.

<ceud>, first, Ir. [céad], O.Ir. [cét], W. [cynt], formerly, [cyntaf], first, Br.

[kent], [kenta] (do.), Gaul. [Cintu-], [*kentu-]; allied to W. [cann],

with Gr. @G[katá], down, against (=[kn@.ta]); Lat. [contra]. Further

allied is possibly ([and this is the usual derivation]) I.E. [qen],

begin, Lat. [re-[cens]), Eng. [recent]; Gr. @G[kainós] (=@G[kaniós]), new;

Skr. [kaná], young; Ch.Sl. [koni], beginning. Some again have

compared Teut. [hind] as in Eng. [hindmost].

<ceud>, a hundred, so Ir., O.Ir. [cét], W. [cant], Cor. [cans], Br. [kant],

[*kn@.to-n]; Lat. [centum]; Gr. @G[e@`katón] (=[se-kn@.ton]); Got. [hund],

Eng. [hund]-red; Lit. [szěmtas]; Skr. [çatám].

<ceudfadh>, sense, Ir. [céadfadh], O.Ir. [cétbaid], W. [canfod], to perceive,

[*cant-buti-], "with-being", from [ceud], with first, and [bu], be.

<ceudna>, the same, so Ir., O.Ir. [cétna], [*centinio-s]; from [ceud], first.

<ceum>, a step, Ir. [céim], O.Ir. [ceimm], W., Cor. [cam], O.W. [cemmein],

gradibus, Br. [kam], [*kn@.gmen-], verb [*kengô], I go, Ir. [cingim],

Gaul. [Cingeto]-rix, "king of marching men" - of warriors:

I.E. [khen@g], limp; Ger. [hinken], limp; Skr. [khańj], limp.

<ceus>, ham, polpes: [*cencso-]; Lit. [kenkle], hough, bend of the knee,

[kinka], knee joint; Ag.S. [hóh] (=[han@G[h]]), Eng. [hough] (Strachan

for Lit.). The gen. is <ceňis>, whence [ceňs], etc.

<ceus>, the coarse part of the wool on sheep's legs (Heb.), M.Ir.

[céslach]; from [ceus], ham.

<ceus>, crucify, Ir. [céasaim], [ceusaim], O.Ir. [céssaim], suffer, [*kentsô],

suffer: I.E. [qentho]; Gr. @G[pénqos], @G[páqos], suffering, Eng. [pathos];

Lit. [kenczů], suffering

<ceutach>, becoming; see [ciatach].

--page 81

<cha>, <cha'n>, not, Ir. [nocha n-], O.Ir. [ní con] aspirating. The

particle [no] or [nu] is no part of this negative: only [ní] and [con],

"non quod", [con] being the same as [gu'n]. Aspirating power

of it is as yet unexplained. Ulster Ir. [cha].

<chaidh>, went, ivit, Ir. [cochuaidh], O.Ir. [dochóid], he went, [*coud-];

Skr. [codati], make haste, [codayati], drive, [códa], a goad; Eng.

[shoot]. See [deach].

<chaoidh>, for ever, Ir. [choidhche], E.Ir. [chaidche], [coidchi]; for [co-aidche],

[gu oidhche], "till night".

<cheana>, already, Ir. [cheana], E.Ir. [chena], in sooth, quidem, jam,

[ol chena], [ar chena], O.Ir. [cene], [olchene]; from [cen-é], "without

this", root in [gun], without, [cion], want.

<chi>, will see, Ir. [chidhim], [chím], O.Ir. [atchí], videt, [*ad-cesiô],

[*kesiô]; Skr. [caksh], see, for [*ca-kas]; Lat. [canus] ([*cas-no-]?),

grey; Ag.S. [hasu], grey, Eng. [hare]. See [chunnaic], [faic]. The

aspiration of [chě] is due to the lost [ad-] initial, which is

confused with the verbal particle [do], [a].

<cho>, <co>, as, so, Ir. [comh], W. [cyn]; from [com], with. See [comh-].

Gaelic "Cho dubh ri feannaig" = Welsh "Cyn ddued a'r frân".

<chon>, to; dialectic form of [gu]. The [n] belongs to the article.

Also [thun]; q.v. Compare [chugad] and [thugad] to [chon] and

[thun] in phonetics.

<chuala>, heard, Ir. [do chuala], O.Ir. [rochúala], W. [cigleu], [*kuklova];

root [kleu] as in [cluinn], q.v.

<chugad>, towards thee, so Ir., O.Ir. [chucut], [*cu-cu-t], where the

prep. [cu] or [gu], to, is reduplicated. See [gu]. The [t] or [-ut] is

for [tu], q.v. So with <chuga>, <chuige>, etc.

<chum>, <chům>, <a chum>, to, for, in order to, Ir. [chum], [do chum], O.Ir.

[dochum n-], [dochom n-]; an idiomatic use of [com], side? Cf.

Eng. [side], [beside].

<chun>, to, until; see [chon].

<chunnaic>, saw, Ir. [chonacadar], they saw, O.Ir. [conaca], vidi; from

[con]+[faic]; for [con], see [comh-], and see [faic]. The old past was

<chunnairc>, still used in Ir. as [chonnairc], from [con]+[dearc], q.v.

<cia>, who, what, Ir. [cia], O.Ir. [cía], W. [pwy], Cor. [pyu], Br. [piu], [*qei];

Lat. [qui] (Old Lat. [quei]). See further under [co].

<ciabh>, a lock of hair, so Ir., E.Ir. [ciab]: [*kes-abu-], [kes] of [cas]?

<Ciadaoin>, <Di-ciadaoin>, Wednesday, Ir. [Céadaoin>, O.Ir. [cétáin],

first fast, "Day of the First Fast". The first weekly fast

was the latter half of Wednesday, the next was Friday -

[Di-h-aoine]. Thursday is the day "Between two fasts" -

[Diardaoin], q.v. See further under [Di-].

<ciagach>, sly-jumoured (Dialectic):

<cial>, side or brim of a vessel; see [ciobhull].

--page 82

<ciall>, sense, understanding, Ir., O.Ir. [ciall], W. [pwyll], Cor. [pull],

Br. [poell], [*qeislâ]: I.E. [qei], observe, see, shine; Gr. @G[pinutós],

wise; Skr. [cetati], perceive, [cittam], thought, [cino@-ti], discover;

further Ger. [heiter], clear.

<ciamhair>, sad (Sh., Arm.), Ir. [ciamhair], [ciamhaire] (O'Cl., O'Br.):

<cian>, remote, so Ir., O.Ir. [cían], [*keino-]; from the pronominal

root [kei], there, Gr. @G[ke@ninos], ille, Lat. [cis], [citra], Eng. [he]. Others

have referred it to root [qei], [qi], Skr. [ciras], long, Got. [hveila],

time, Eng. [while]. Hence <cianail>, sad, lonesome, Ir. [cianamhuil].

<cianog>, a small measure of arable land (Heb.: H.S.D.); see [cionag].

<ciar>, dusky, Ir., E.Ir. [cíar], [*keiro-s], "shadowy"; root [sqhei], Gr.

@G[skierós], shady, @G[skiá], shadow, Skr. [châya@-/], shadow, Ag.S.

[scimo] (do.). It has been compared to Eng. [hoar], Norse [hárr],

but the vowels do not suit.

<cias>, g. <ceňis>, border, skirt, fringe:

<ciatach>, <ciatfach>, elegant, becoming, Ir. [céadfadhach], discreet,

belonging to the senses; from [deudfadh], q.v.

<cibein>, rump (of a bird, M`D.), Ir. [cibín], the rump (Con.). Cf. Ir.

[giob], a tail.