MacBain Alexander. Etymological Dictionary of Scottish-Gaelic 2nd Edition

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[bacach], W. [bachog], crooked.

<bac-mňine>, tuf-pit or bank (N.H.); from Norse [bakki], a bank,

Eng. [bank]. Hence also place-name [Back].

<bacastair>, baker, <bacaladh>, oven, Ir. [bacail], baker; all from the

Eng. [bake], [baxter].

<bacan>, stake, hinge, Ir. and E.Ir. [bacán]. From [bac].

<bach>, drunkenness, Ir. [bach]: from Lat. [Bacchus].

<bachall>, shepherd's crook, crozier, Ir. [bachul], O.Ir. [bachall], W.

[bagl], crutch; from Lat. [baculum], staff; Gr. @G[baktcriá], Eng.

[bacteria]. [Bachull gille], slovenly fellow (M`D.).

<bachar>, acorn, "Molucca bean", Ir. [bachar]; forrowed from or

allied to Lat. [baccar], Gr. @G[bákkaris], nard.

<bachlag>, a shoot, a curl, Ir. [bachlóg]; from [bachall] (Thurneysen).

<bachoid>, the boss of a shield, Ir. [bocoide], bosses of shields; from

L.Lat. [buccatus], Lat. [bucca], cheek. See [bucaid].

<bad>, a cluster, thicket; cf. Br. [bot], [bod], bunch of grapes, thicket;

common in Breton and Scotch place names; probably a

Pictish word. Cf. Eng. [bud], earlier [bodde]. Cf. Lat. [fascis]

([*fađ-scis]), [*fađ-sk-], Norse, Eng. [bast]?

<badhal>, a wandering, <bŕdharan>; possibly from the root [ba], go,

as in [bothar], q.v. H.S.D. suggests [bŕ+dol].

<bŕdhan>, a churchyard (Sutherland), i.e. "enclosure", same as

[bŕbhun].

<bŕdhar> (H.S.D.), <badhar> (Carm.), placenta of cow:

<bag>, a bag; from the Eng.

<bagaid>, a cluster, troop, W. [bagad], Br. [bogod]; from Lat. [bacca]

(Thurneysen, Ernault).

--page 26

<bagaire>, a glutton; from [bag] in the sence of "belly".

<bagair>, threaten, so Ir., E.Ir. [bacur], a threat. The W. [bygwl], a

threat, etc., is scarcely allied, for it comes from [bwg], a spectre,

bogie, whence possibly the English words [bogie], [boggle], etc.

G. [bagair] may be allied with the root underlying [bac]; possibly

[bag-gar-], "cry-back".

<bagaisde>, baggage, lumber (of a person) (Wh.), from [baggage].

<bŕgh>, a bay, Ir. [bádh]; from Eng. [bay], Romance [baja].

<baghan>, a stomach ([baoghan], with [ao] short). Dial. <maghan>

(Sutherland); cf. Eng. [maw], Ger. [magen], Norse [magi].

<baibeil>, lying, given to fables; from Eng. [babble].

<baideal>, tower, battlement, ensign, <badealach>, bannered; from

M.Eng. [battle], [battlement], which is of the same origin as

[battlement].

<bŕidh>, love, Ir. [báidhe], M.Ir. [báide], [báde], [*bâdi-s] (Stokes). Cf.

Gr. @G[fw/tion], friendly (Hes.), for [fw/qion]; root [bha@-], whence

Gr. @G[fw/s], man.

<baidreag>, a ragged garment; see [paidreag].

<bŕidse>, musician's fee; from the Eng. [batch]?

<baigeir>, a beggar; from Eng.

<baigileis>, looe lumber or baggage (Argyle); from [baggage].

<bail>, thrift, Ir. [bail], success, careful collection, M.Ir. [bail], goodness,

E.Ir. [bulid]: @G[fulla]; I.E. root [bhel], swell, increase.

See [buil], [bile]. Hence <baileach>. Cf. [adhbhal], @G[bélteros].

<bailbheag>, a corn poppy; also <beilbheag>, <mealbhag>, <meilbheag>.

<bailc>, a ridge, beam, W. [balc], from Eng. [balk].

<bailc>, seasonable rain, showers:

<bailceach>, strong, a strong man, E.Ir. [balc], strong, W. [balch],

(Stokes). Likely a Celtic [bal-ko-], root [bal], as in [bail]. So

Ost.; Skr. [balam], strength ([adhbhal]), Gr. @G[bélteros]; Wh. St.

[boliji@u], greater; Lat. [debilis].

<baile>, town, township, Ir., E.Ir. [baile], [*balio-s], a pre-Celtic

[bhv-alio-], root [bhu-], be; Gr, [fwleós], a lair; Norse [ból], a

"bally", further Eng. [build], [booth].

<baileach>, excessive; see [bail]. Also <buileach>.

<bŕilisdeir>, babbler, founded on Eng. Scandinavian [balderdash].

<bŕillidh>, a magistrate, balie; from Sc. [bailzie] (Eng. [bailiff]), Fr.

[bailli].

<baineasag>, a ferret, Ir. [baineasóg]; [bán+neas], "white weasel", q.v.

<bŕinidh>, madness, fury, Ir. [báinidhe]; Ir. [mainigh] (O'Br.), from

Lat. [mania]; see [bŕ].

<bainisg>, a little old woman, female satirist (Carm.) = [ban=éisg];

from [ban], [bean], q.v.

<bainne>, milk, Ir., M.Ir. [bainne]; also <boinne>, milk (Sutherland),

a drop, Ir., M.Ir. [bainne], milk. O.Ir. [banne], drop

--page 27

Cor., Br. [banne], gutta; root [bha]; O.Slav. [banja], bath; Eng.

[bath], etc.

<bŕir>, a game, goal, Ir. [báire], hurling match, goal, M.Ir. [báire]:

[*bag-ro-], root [ba@-g-], strive; see [arabhaig]. <bŕireach>, a ball.

<baircinn>, side timbers of a house (Sh.):

<baireachd>, quarrelling (Carm.); cf. [bŕirseag].

++<bairghin>, bread, cake, Ir. [bairghean], E.Ir. [bargen], W., Cor., and

Br. [bara], panis, [*bargo-]; Lat. [ferctum], oblation cake; Ag.S.

[byrgan], to taste, Norse [bergja], taste.

<bŕirich>, lowing; root of [bó], cow. Cf. [bůirich].

<bŕirig>, bestow; from Eng. [ware], as also [bathar].

<bŕirleigeadh>, <bŕirneigeadh>, warning, summonsl; from the Eng.

[warning].

<bŕirlinn>, rooling wave, billow; [bŕir-linn], from ++<bŕir>, wave, borrowed

from Norse [bára], wave, billow. For [linne], see that

word.

<bŕirneach>, a limpet, Ir. [báirneach] (Fol.), W. [brenig], Cor. [brennic]:

from M.Eng. [bernekke], now [barnacle], from Med.Lat. [bernaca].

Stokes takes [bŕirnech] from [barenn], rock, as Gr. [lepás], limpet,

is allied to [lépas], rock.

<bŕirneachd>, judgment (Sh.), Ir., W., Br. [barn], root [ber] in [brŕth],

q.v.

<bŕirseag>, a scold (Sh.), Ir. [bairseach], M.Ir. [bairsecha], foolish

talk, [bara], wrath, W. [bâr], wrath. Stokes refers [bara] to the

same origin as Lat. [ferio], I strike, Norse [berja], smite, etc.

<baisceall>, a wild person (Sh.); M.Ir. [basgell] (i. [geltan], [boiscell];

root in [bŕ], foolish? [+ciall].

<baiseach>, a heavy shower, Ir. [báisdeach], rain, [bais], water; cf. O.Ir.

[baithis], baptism, which may be borrowed from Lat. [baptisma]

(Windish). The root here is [bad], of [bŕth], drown. Ir.

[baiseach], raining (Clare), from [baisteadh], Lat. [baptisma] (Zim.).

<baist>, baptise, Ir. [baisd], O.Ir. [baitsim], from Lat. [baptizo], which

is from Gr. @G[baptízw], dip.

<baiteal>, a battle; from Eng. [battle].

<balach>, clown, lad, Ir. [balach], clown, churl; cf. Skr. [ba@-lakas], a

little boy, from [ba@-la], young. But cf. W. [bala], budding, root

[bhel]. Rathlin Ir. [bachlach].

<balaiste>, ballast; from the Eng.

<balbh>, dumb, so Ir., E.Ir. [balb]; borrowed from Lat. [balbus].

<balc>, ridge, etc.; see [bailc]. Also "calf of leg" (Wh.).

<balc>, misdeed:

<balcach>, splay-footed (H.S.D.). Cf. Gr. @G[folkós], bandy-legged(?).

<balg>, belly, bag, Ir. [bolg], O.Ir. [bolc], W. [bol], [boly], belly, Cor. [bol],

Gaulish [bulga] (Festus), sacculus; Got. [balgs], wine-skin,

Norse [belgr], skin, bellows, Eng. [belly].

--page 28

<balgair>, a fox:

<balgum>, mouthful, M.G. [bolgama] (pl.), Ir. [blogam]; from [balg]. Cf.

O.Ir. [bolc uisce], a bubble.

<ball>, a member, Ir., O.Ir. [ball]; Gr. @G[fallós]; Eng. [phallus]; root

[bhel], swell.

<ball>, a spot, Ir., M.Ir. [ball], white-spotted on forehead (of a horse),

Br. [bal] (do.). The Gaelic suggests a stem [bal-no-], Celtic root

[bal], white, Gr. @G[falós], shining, [fálaros] (phala@-ros), white-spotted

(of animals); I.E. [bhe@-l]: [bhale], shine; whence Eng.

[bale]-fire. Stokes says the Irish [ball] seems allied to the

Romance [balla], a ball, Eng. [bale] and [ball](?). Hence <ballach>,

spotted. W. [bal], spotted on forehead.

<ball>, a ball; from Eng.

<balla>, wall, Ir. [balla] (Four Masters), [fala] (Munster); from

M.Eng. [bailly], an outer castle wall, now in Old Bailey, from

Med.Lat. [ballium].

<ballaire>, a cormorant; from [ball], spot.

<ballan>, a vessel, tub, Ir. [ballán], E.Ir. [ballan]. Stokes cfs. Norse

[bolli], bowl, Eng. [bowl], and says that the Gaelic is probably

borrowed.

<ballart>, boasting, clamour; probably from Norse [ballra], strepere,

[baldrast], make a clatter (Eng. [balderdash]), Ger. [poltern].

<balt>, a welt: see [bolt].

<bŕn>, white, Ir., O.Ir. [bán]; I.E. root [bha@-], shine; Gr. @G[fanós] (@G[a]

long), bright; Skr. [bhânů], light; further away is Eng. [bale]

([bale]-fire).

<ban->, <bana->, she-, female-; see [bean].

<banabachadh>, worse for wear (M`D):

<banachag>, dairymaid:

<banachdach>, vaccination:

<banair>, sheep fold; see rather [mainnir].

<banais>, a wedding, wedding feast, Ir. [bainfheis], wedding feast,

M.Ir. [banais], g. [baindse]; from [ban+féisd]?

<banarach>, dairymaidl from [ban-] and [ŕireach].

++<banbh>, a pig, Ir. [banbh], E.Ir. [banb], W. [banw], Br. [banv], [bano],

[*banvo-s]. The word appears as [Banba], a name for Ireland,

and, in Scotland, as Banff. M`L. and D. gives the further

meaning of "land unploughed for a year".

<banc>, a bank; from the Eng.

<bŕnchuir>, squeamishness at sea (H.S.D., which derives it from

[bŕn] and [cuir]).

<bangadh>, a binding, promise (Sh., H.S.D.), Ir. [bangadh]. (H.S.D.

suggests Lat. [pango], whence it may have come.

<bangaid>, a banquet, christening feastl from Eng. [banquet].

--page 29

<bann>, a belt, band; from Eng. [band]. It also means a "hinge".

Dialectic <spann>.

<bannag>, a Christmas cake; from the Sc. [bannock]. See [bonnach].

<bannag>, corn-fan; from Lat. [vannus], Eng. [fan].

<bannal>, a troop, gang, Ir. [banna]; from Eng. [band]. Cf. E.Ir.

[ban-dál], assembly of ladies. Also <pannail>.

<bansgal> (Dial. [banasgal]), a female, a hussy, Ir. [bansgal], E.Ir.

[banscál], O.Ir. [banscala], servae; root of [sgalag].

<bantrach>, a widow, E.Ir. [bantrebthach], landlady: [ban+trebthach],

farmer, from [treb] in [treabhadh], [aitreabh].

<baobh>, a wicked woman, witch, Ir. [badhbh], hoodie crow, a fairy, a

scold, E.Ir. [badb], crow, demon, [Badba], the Ir. war-goddess,

W. [bod], kite, Gaul. [Bodv-], [Bodvo-gnatus], W. [Bodnod]; Norse

[böđ], g. [bođvar], war, Ag.S. [beadu], g. [beadwe], [*badwa-] (Rhys.).

In Stokes' Dict. the Skr. [bádhate], oppress, Lit. [bádas], famine,

are alone given. Also <baogh>.

<baodhaiste>, ill usage from the weather:

<baoghal>, danger, so Ir., O.Ir. [baigul], [baegul]; cf. Lit. [bai-me@?], fear,

[bai-gus], shy, Skr. [bhayate], fear.

<baoghan>, a calf, anything jolly; from [baoth].

<baogram>, a flighty emotion (Dialectic); founded on <baogadh>, a dialectic

form of [biog], q.v.

<baoileag>, blaeberry; cf. Eng. [bil]berry, Dan. [bölle]bćr.

<baoireadh>, foolish talk; founded on [baothaire], fool, from [baoth], q.v.

++<baois>, lust, so Ir., E.Ir. [baes], [*baisso-] (Stokes); compared by

Bezzenberger to Gr. @G[faidrós], shining, and by Strachan to the

root [gheidh], desire, Lit. [geidu], desire, Ch.Sl. [z@?ida], expetere,

Goth. [gaidw], a want. Possibly allied to Lat. [foedus], foul.

<baois>, madness, so Ir., E.Ir. [báis]; from [baoth] (Zim. Z@+[32] 229)

= [báithas]. Cf. [sgěth], [sgěos].

<baoisg>, shine forth: see [boillsg].

<baoiteag>, a small wite maggot; see [boiteag].

<baol>, nearness of doing anything (M`A.); [baoghal]? Cf. its use

in Fern. MS.

<baoth>, foolish, so Ir., O.Ir. [báith], [baeth]; root [bai], fear, as in

[baoghal]; Cor. [bad], Br. [bad], stupidity, are not allied, nor is

Goth. [bauths], dumb, as some suggest. Hence <baothair>, fool.

<bara>, a barrow, Ir. [bara], E.Ir. [bara]; from M.Eng. [barowe], Eng.

[barrow].

<barail>, opinion, Ir. [baramhuil], M.Ir. [baramail]: [bar+samhail];

for [bar-], see [bŕirneachd], [brŕth].

<baraill>, a barrel, Ir. [báirille], E.Ir. [barille], W. [baril]; from M.E.

[barel], from O.Fr. [baril].

<baraisd>, <barraisd>, borage; Ir. [barraist]; from the Eng. [borage].

<baran>, a baron; Ir. [barún], W. [barwn]; from the Eng.

--page 30

<barant>, surety, warrant, Ir., M.Ir. [baránta], W. [gwarant]; from

M.Eng. [warant], now [warrant]. So St.

<barbair>, a barber, Ir. [bearrbóir] (Fol.), W. [barfwr]; from the Eng.

<barbarra>, barbarous, Ir. [barbartha]; from Lat. [barbarus], Eng.

[barbarous].

<bar-bhrigein>, silver-weed (Arm.); also <brisgean> (from [brisg]):

<barbrag>, tangle tops, barberry; from Eng. [barberry]. In Lewis,

the former is called <bragaire>.

<bŕrc>, a bark, boat, Ir. [bárc], E.Ir. [barc], W. [barg], Br. [barc]. These

words are all ultimately from the Late Latin [barca], whence

throught Fr. comes Eng. [bark].

<bŕrc>, rush (as water), Ir. [bárcaim], break out; cf. M.Ir. [barc],

multitude; Lat. [farcio], cram, [frequens], numerous.

<bŕrd>, a poet, Ir. [bárd], E.Ir. [bard], W. [bardd], Br. [barz], Gaul.

[bardos], [*bardo-s]; Gr. @G[frázw] (@G[frad-]), speak (Eng. [phrase].

<bŕrd>, dyke, inclosure, meadow, Ir. [bárd], a guard, garrison; from

Eng. [ward], enclosed pasture land (Liddell 35).

<bargan>, a bargain, W. [bargen]; from the Eng. [bargain].

<bŕrlag>, a rag, tatter-demalion; cf. Ir. [barlín], sheet, for [braith-lín],

q.v.

<bŕrluadh>, a term in pipe music; from Eng. [bar] + G. [luath].

<bŕrnaig>, a summons; from the Eng. [warning].

<barpa>, barrow, cairn (H.S.D., a Skye word). Cape Wrath is

[Am Parph] in Gaelic ([An Carbh], Lewis); from Norse [Hvarf],

a turning, rounding, Eng. [wharf].

<bŕrr>, top, Ir. [bárr], O.Ir. [barr], W., Cor. [bar], Br. [barr], [*barso-];

Norse [barr], pine needles, Ag.S. [byrst], Eng. [bristle], [burr]; Lat.

[fastiguim] (for [farstigium], top; Skr. [bhr@.shti], a point. Hence

<barrachd>, overplus. <bŕrrlach>, refuse, flotsam (Wh.).

<barra>, a spike, bar, Ir. [bárra], W. [bar], nail, etc.; all from the Eng.

[bar].

<barra-gůg>,, potato bloom, bud. See [gucag]. Also [barr-guc].

<bŕrraisg>, boasting, brag, <bŕrsaich>, vain, prating; see [bŕirseag].

<barramhaise>, a cornice (A.M`D.); [barr+maise]. Also <barr-maisich>

(verb), ornament (M`A.).

<barrlait>, a check (Carm.):

<bas>, palm of the hand, Ir., O.Ir. [bas], [bass], [boss], Br. [boz], [*bostâ];

Gr. @G[a@'gostós].

<bŕs>, death, Ir., O.Ir. [bás]; Celtic root [ba@-], [ba], hit, slay, whence

Gaul. Lat. [batuere] (Eng. [battls], etc.); Ag.S. [beadu], war.

<basaidh>, a basin; from Sc. [bassie], Eng. [basin].

<bascaid>, a basket, Ir. [basgaod], W. [basged]; from the Eng. [basket].

<basdal>, noise, gaiety; from Norse [bastle], turmoil.

<basdard>, a bastard, so Ir. and M.Ir., W. [basdardd]; all from the

Eng. [bastard].

--page 31

<basgaire>, mourning, Ir. [bascarrach], lamentation, clapping with

the hands, M.Ir. [basgaire]; [bas+gaire], "palm-noise"; for

[baire], see [goir]. Also <basraich>.

<basganta>, melodious:

<basg-luath>, vermilion; from the obsolete adg. [basg], red, E.Ir.

[basc], and [luath], ashes, q.v. Stokes cfs. [basc] to Lat. [bacca]

(for [bat-ca]), berry.

<bat>, <bata>, a stick, Ir. [bata]; from M.Eng. [batte], stick, now [bat],

which comes from O.Fr. [batte], from Gaul. Lat. [battuere], as

under [bŕs], q.v. The Br. [baz] seems borrowed from the Fr.

thought it may be native.

<bŕta>, a boat, Ir. [bád], M.Ir. [bát], W. [bâd]; all from Ag.S. [bât], Eng.

[boat], Norse, [bátr] (Stokes). K. Meyer takes Ir. and G. from

the Norse.

<batail>, a fight; see [baiteal].

<bŕth>, drown, Ir. [báthaim], O.Ir. [bádud] (inf.), W. [boddi], Br. [beuzi];

I.E. [@ga@-dh], sink, Gr. @G[baqús], deep, @G[-bdúw], sink, Skr. [ga@-has], the

deep. Gl. [fodio] (Ern.).

<bŕth>, vain, foolish (Hend.); see <bŕ>. Skye.

<bŕthaich>, a byre, Ir. [bothigh], W. [beudy]; [bó+tigh], "cow-house".

<bathais>, forehead, Ir. [baithis], pate, E.Ir. [baithes], crown of the

forehead; [*bat-esti-], from [bat], I.E. [bha@-], shine, Gr. @G[fásis],

appearance, [phase]. See [bŕn] further. Lat. [facies], face,

appearance, may be allied, though the latest authorities

connect it with [facio], make.

<bathar>, wares; from the Eng. [wares].

++<beabhar>, beaver, Ir. [beabhar] (Lh.), Cor. [befer], Br. [bieuzr], Gaul.

[Bibrax]; Lat. [fiber]; Eng. [beaver], A.S. [béofor]. Gaelic and

Ir. are doubtful.

<beach>, a bee, so Ir., O.Ir. [bech], W. [begegyr], drone, [*biko-s]; a root

[bi-] appears in Eng. [bee], Ag. S. [beó] (=[*bija]), Ger. [biene]

(=[*bi-nja]), Lit. [bitis]. Stokes makes the Celtic stem [beko-s],

but does not compare it with any other language.

<beachd>, opinion, notice, Ir. [beacht], certain, E.Ir. [becht], [bechtaim], I

certify; [*bhig-to-]; Lat. [figo] (St. Z.C.P. 71).

<beadaidh>, impudent, fastidious, Ir. [béadaidh], [beadaidh], sweet-mouthed,

scoffing; E.Ir. [bet], talking, shameless girl (Corm.):

[*beddo-], [*bez-do-], root [bet], [@get], as in [beul].

<beadradh>, fondling, caressing, <beadarrach>, pampered:

<beag>, little, Ir. [beag], O.Ir. [becc], W. [bach], Cor. [bechan], Br. [bic'han],

[bian], [*bezgo-]; Lat. [vescus] (=[gvesgus])? Some have connected

it with Gr. @G[mikrós], Dor.Gr. [mikkós], and Dr Cameron suggested

Lat. [vix], scarcely.

<beairt>, engine, loom: see [beart].

<beairtean>, shrouds, rigging; see [beart].

--page 32

<bealach>, a pass, Ir. [bealach], pass, road, E.Ir. [belach], cf. Skr.

[bíla], gap, mouth; [bilako-n] (C.RR. 174). Cf. W. [bwlch], pass,

etc? See [bile].

<bealaidh>, broom, Ir. [beallýi] (Lh. [Comp. Voc.]); cf. Br. [balan],

M.Br. [balazn], O.Fr. [balain]; also Fr. [balai], older [balain], a

broom. This might be referred to the common root [bhel],

bloom (prolific as a root, like the corresponding root of [broom],

as in W. [balannu], to bud), but the W. for "broom" is [banadl],

Cor. [banathel], which M. Ernault has compared with Lat.

[genista], broom (root [gen], beget?). Jub. gives Br. as [banadlon]

(R.C.@+[18] 106). The Br. might be a metathesis of W. [banadl]

(cf. Br. [alan] v. [anail]). It is possible that Gaelic is borrowed

from the Pictish; the word does not appear in the Ir.

Dictionaries, save in Lh.'s Celt. part, which perhaps proves

nothing.

<bealbhan-ruadh>, a species of hawk (Sh., O'R.); for [bealbhan], cf.

++<bealbhach>, a bit, from [beul], mouth?

<bealtuinn>, May-day, Ir. [béalteine], E.Ir. [beltene], [belltaine], [*belo-te(p)niâ]

(Stokes), "bright-fire", where [belo-] is allied to Eng.

[bale] ("bale-fire"), Ag.S. [bael], Lit. [baltas], white. The Gaul.

god-names [Belenos] and [Belisama] are also hence, and Shakespeare's

[Cym-beline]. Two needfires were lighted on Beltane

among the Gael, between which they drove their cattle for

purification and luck; hence the proverb: "Eadar dŕ theine

Bhealltuinn" - Between two Beltane fires.

<bean>, wife, so Ir. [ben], W. [bun], [benyw], Cor. [benen], sponsa,

Celtic [benâ], g. [bnâs], pl.n. [bnâs]; Gr. [gunc/], B@oeot. Gr. [baná];

Got. [ginô], Eng. [queen], Sc. [queyn]; Skr. [gnâ].

<bean>, touch, Ir. [beanaim], beat, touch, appertain to, O.Ir. [benim],

pulso, ferio, Br. [bena], to cut, M.Br. [benaff], hit; [*bina], root

[bin], [bi] (O.Ir. [ro bi], percussit, [bithe], perculsus), from I.E. [bhi],

[bhei], hit; Ch.Sl. [bija], [biti], strike; O.H.G. [bîhal], axe; Gr.

@G[fitrós], log. Further is root [bheid], split, Eng. [bite]. Usually

[bean] has been referred to I.E. [@ghen], [@ghon], hit, slay; Gr. @G[fen-],

slay, @G[epefnon], slew, @G[fónos], slaughter, @G[qeínw], strike; Skr. [han],

hit; but [@gh] = G. [b] is doubtful.

<beann>, top, horn, peak, Ir. [beann], O.Ir. [benn], pinna, W. [ban],

height, peak, M.Br. [ban], also [benny], horn, pipe (music),

Gaul. [canto-bennicus] mons, "white peak" mount; proto-Gaelic

[bennâ]; root [@gen-], [@gn-], as in Eng. [knoll], Sc. [knowe]. In Scotch

Gaelic, the oblique form <beinn> has usurped the place of

[beann], save in the gen.pl.

<beannachd>, blessing, so Ir., O.Ir. [bendacht], W. [bendith]l from Lat.

[bendictio], whence Eng. [benediction].

--page 33

<beannag>, a skirt, corner, coif, Ir. [beannóg]; from [beann].

<beantag>, a corn-fan; see <bannag>.

<bearach>, dog-fish (M`A.); O.Ir. [berach], verutus, from [bior]; cf.

Eng. "picked or horned dogfish"; "bone-dog".

<bearachd>, judgement (Sh., O'R.); root [bera], [brâ], as in [brŕth], q.v.

<bearbhain>, vervain; from Eng. [vervain], Lat. [verbena].

<bearn>, a breach, cleft, Ir. [bearna], E.Ir. [berna]; I.E. [bher], cut,

bore; Lat. [forare], bore; Gr. @G[fáros], a plough, @G[farw], split;

Arm. [beran], mouth; Ch.Sl. [bar], clip; Eng. [bore]. Also [bern],

fen in E.Ir.

<beŕrr>, shear, Ir. [béarraim], O.Ir. [berraim], O.W. [byrr], short, Cor.

[ber], Br. [berr], short, [*berso-]; Gr. @G[fársos], any piece cut off;

root [bhera], as in [bearn].

<bearraideach>, flighty, nimble; from [beŕrr]?

<beart>, a deed, Ir. [beárt], load, action, E.Ir. [bert], bundle, birth; Gr.

@G[fórtos], burden; root, [bher], in [beir], q.v. Also <beairt>, engine,

loom. It is used in many compounds in the sense of "gear",

as in <cais-bheart>, foot-gear, shoes; <ceann-bheart>, head-gear,

helmet, etc.

<beartach>, rich; from [beart]; W. [berth], rich, [berthedd], riches.

<beatha>, life, so Ir. O.Ir. [bethu], g. [bethad], Celtic stem [bitât-],

divided into [bi-tât]; see [bith] (i.e. [bi-tu-]) for root. It is usual

for philologists to represent the stem of [beatha] as [bivotât], that

is [bi-vo-tât-], the [bi-vo-] part being the same as the stem [bivo]

of [beň]. While the root [bi] is common to both [beatha] and [beň],

the former does not contain [-vo-]; it is the O.Ir. nom. [beothu]

([*bi-tűs]) that has set philologists wrong. Hence G. and Ir.

<beathach>, animal. Ir. [beathadhach], dial. of [beathach].

<beic>, a curtesy; from Sc. [beck], curtesy, a dialectic use of Eng.

[beck], [beckon]. Hence <beiceis>, bobbing, etc. (M`A.).

<beil>, grind; a very common form of [meil], q.v.

<beil>, is; see [bheil].

<beilbheag>, corn-poppy; see [mealbhag]. Also <bailbheag>.

<béileach>, a muzzle, Ir. [beulmhach], a bridle, bit, [-mhach] for [bach]

termination from [bongim], beat; from [beul].

<béilleach>, blubber-lipped, <béileach> (H.S.D.); from [beul]. The first

form suggests a stem [bél-nac-]. Cf. <béilean>, a prating mouth.

Also <méilleach>.

<beilleag>, outer coating of birch, rind; also <méilleag>, q.v.

<beince>, <being> (H.S.D.), a bench; from Sc. [bink]; Eng. [bench].

Cf. Ir. [beinse], W. [mainc], Br. [menk].

<beinn>, hill, ben; oblique form of [beann] (f.n.), used as a fem.nom.,

for [beann] sounds masculine beside [ceann], etc. See [beann].

--page 34

<beinneal>, binding of a sheaf of corn, bundle; from Sc. [bindle], a

cord of straw or other for binding, Eng. [bundle]; from [bind].

<beir>, catch, bring forth, Ir. [beirim], O.Ir. [berim], W. [cymmeryd], to

take, accept, Br. [kemeret] (=[com-ber-]); I.E. [bher], whence

Lat. [fero], Gr. [férw], Eng. [bear], Skr. [bharami].

<beirm>, <bairm>, (Hend.), barm, yeast; from Sc. [barm] (pronounced

[berm], Eng. [barm]; Lat. [fermentum].

<beisear>, plate-rack on dresser (Rob.).

<béist>, a beast, Ir. [bíast], [péist], O.Ir. [béist], W. [bwystfil]; from Lat.

[bestia] (Eng. [beast]). Also <biast>.

<beith>, birch, so Ir., O.Ir. [bethe], W. [bedw], Br. [bezuenn], Celtic [betvâ],

Lat. [betula], Fr. [boule].

<beithir>, a serpent, any wild beast, monster, a huge skate,

Ir. [beithir], wild beast, bear, E.Ir. [beithir], G. [bethrach]. In

the sense of "bear", the word is, doubtless, borrowed; but

there seems a genuine Celtic word [betrix] behind the other

meanings, and the [beithir] or [beithir béimneach] is famed in

myth. Cf. Lat. [be@-stia], for [bet-tia]? Norse [bera], bear (fem.),

[beirfhall], bearskin, Eng. [bear] (Zim. K.B.@+[1] 286).

<beitir>, neat, clean (M`F.):

<beň>, living, Ir., O.Ir. [beó], W. [byw], Br. [beu], [*bivo-s]; Lat. [vîvus],

living, [vîta]; Gr. @G[bíotos], a living; Eng. [quick]; Skr. [jîvá],

living; I.E. [@gei-], [@gi-], live. See also [beatha], [bith].

<beóir>, beer, Ir. [beór]; from Ag.S. [beór], Norse [bjórr] (Eng. [beer]).

<beňlach>, ashes with hot embers (M`A.); from [beň] + [luathach],

"live-ashes". Another <beňlach>, lively youth, hero, stands

for [beň-lach]; for [-lach], see [ňglach].

<beuban>, anything, mangled:

<beuc>, roar, Ir. [béic], O.Ir. [béccim], W. [beichio], [baich], [*beikkiô]; Cor.

[begy], Br. [begiat], squeal, [baeguel], bleat, [*baikiô] (Stokes). The

difficulty of the vowels as between G. and W. ([é] should give

[wy]) suggests comparison with [creuchd], W. [craith], [*crempt-]

(Strachan). Thus [beuc], [baich] suggests [benk-ko-], further

[gn@.k-ko-], root [@gem], Lat. [gemo], etc. The same result can be

derived from the root [geng-] of [geum], q.v.

<beud>, mischief, hurt, Ir. [béad], E.Ir. [bét], [*bento-n]; allied to Eng.

[bane].

<beul>, mouth, so Ir., O.Ir. [bél], [*bet-lo-], I.E. [@get-], whence Eng.

[quoth], Got. [qithan]. The idea is the "speaker". Some

connect W. [gwefl] (=[vo-bel]), but this is probably [*vo-byl], [byl],

edge (Ernault).

<beulaobh>, front, E.Ir. [ar-bélaib], O.Ir. [bélib]; dat.pl. of [beul]; also

mixed with this is the O.Ir. acc.pl. [béulu].

--page 35

<beum>, a stroke, cut, taunt, Ir. and O.Ir. [béim], nom.pl. [bémen],

blow, from the root [beng], [bong], which appears in [buain]; cf. [ceum]

from [ceng-men], [leum] from [leng-men]. This agrees with Cor.

[bom], blow. Some suggest [beid-men] or [beids-men], root [bheid],

Eng. [bite], which suits G. best as to meaning. The favourite

derivation has been [*ben-s-men], root [ben] of [bean].

<beur>, <beurra>, Mbeurtha>, sharp, pointed, clear; gibe, jeer (Hend.);

cf. Ir. [béarrtha], clipped, from [beŕrr]; from [berr-tio-s], with [i]

regressive into [berr], giving [beirr].

<beurla>, English, language, Ir. [beurla], speech, language, especially

English; O.Ir. [bélre]; [bél]+[re], [bél], mouth, and the abstract

termination [-re] (as in [luibhre], [buidhre], etc.).

<beus>, conduct, habit, so Ir., O.Ir. [bés], Br. [boaz], [*beissu-], [beid-tu-],

root [beid], I.E. [bheidh], Gr. @G[peiqw], persuade, Lat. [fides], English

[faith]. Others derive it from [bhend], bind, giving [bhend-tu-] as

the oldest stem. Windisch suggests connection with Got.

[bansts], barn, Skr. [bhâsa], cowstall. The Breton [oa] seems against these

derivations.

<bha>, <bhŕ>, was, Ir. [do bhámar], we were ([bhá-]), [do bhí], was, M.Ir.

[ro bói], was, O.Ir., [bói], [bái], [búi], a perfect tense, [*bove(t)], for

[bebove]; Skr. [babhu@-va]; Gr. @G[péfu-ke]; I.E. [bheu], to be, as

in Lat. [fui], was (an aorist form), Eng. [be].

<bhŕn>, <a bhŕn>, down; by eclipsis for [a(n) bh-fŕn], "into declivity",

from [fŕn], a declivity, Ir., O.Ir., [fán], proclive, W. [gwaen], a

plain, planities montana, [*vag-no-], root, [vag], bow, etc., Lat.

[vagor], wander, Ger. [wackeln], wobble. Ir. has also [fán], a

wandering, which comes near the Lat. sense. In Sutherlandshire,

the adj. <fŕn>, prone, is still used.

<bheil>, is, Ir. [fuil], [bh-fuil], O.Ir. [fail], [fel], [fil], root [vel] ([val]), wish,

prevail, Lat. [volo], [valeo], Eng. [will].

<bho>, <o>, from Ir. [ó], [ua], O.Ir., [ó], [úa], [*ava]; Lat. [au]-fero, "away"-take;

Ch.Sl. [u-]; Skr. [ava], from.

<bhos>, <a bhos>, on this side; from the eclipsed form [a(n) bh-fos],

"in station", in rest, Ir. [abhus], O.Ir. [i foss], here, O.Ir. [foss],

remaining, staying, rest. See [fois], rest, for root.

<bhur>, <bhur n->, your, Ir. [bhar n-], O.Ir. [bar n-], [far n-], [*svaron]

(Stokes), [*s-ves-ro-n]. For [sves-], see [sibh]. Cf. for form Got.

[izvara], Lat. [nostrum] (nos[-tero-], where [-tero-] is a fuller comparitive

form than Celtic [-(e)ro-], [-ro-] of [sves-ro-n], [svaron]).

<bi>, <bě>, be Ir. [bí], be thou, O.Ir. [bíu], sum, [bí] be thou, O.W. [bit],

sit, [bwyf], sim, M.Br. [bezaff]. Proto-Celtic [bhv-ijô], for O.Ir.

[bíu], I am; Lat [fio]; Eng. [be]; I.E. root [bheu], be. See [bha].

Stokes differs from other authorities in referring [bíu], [bí] to

Celtic [beiô], root [bei], [bi], live, as in [bith], [beatha], Lat. [vivo], etc.

--page 36

<bi>, <bigh>, doorpost, threshold (Hend.), E.Ir. [di bí] = two posts.

M`A. has [běgh], post, pillar.

<biadh>, food, so Ir., O.Ir., O.Ir. [biad], [*bivoto-n], whence W. [bywyd], vita,

Cor. [buit], cibus, Br. [boed], food. [bivoto-n] is a derivative from

[bivo-] of [beň], living, q.v.

<bian>, a hide, Ir., E.Ir. [bían], [*beino-]; root [bhei-], as in Eng. [bite],

Lat. [findo]. For force, cf. Gr. @G[dérma], skin, from [der], split,

Eng. [tear]. Cf., for root, [bean], hit.

<biasgach>, niggardly; from [biast]. In some parts [biast] is applied

to a niggardly person. H.S.D. refers it to [biadh]+[sgathach],

catching at morsels.

<biast>, a beast, worthless person; see [béist]. The word <biast>,

abuse, is a metaphoric use of [biast].

<biatach>, a raven (Sh.); cf. [biatach], [biadhtach], a provider, farmer,

from [biadh].

<biatas>, betony, beet, Ir. [biatuis], W. [betys]; from Lat. [be@-tis], [be@-ta],

Eng. [beet]. Also <biotais>.

<biathainne>, earth-worm, hook-bait, <biathaidh> (Dialectic); from

[biadh]. Cf. Lat. [esca], bait, for [ed-sca], [ed]=[eat]. The word

<biathadh> in many places means "to entice".

<biatsadh>, provisions for a journey, [viaticum]; formed from [biadh],

with, possibly, a leaning on [viaticum].

<bicas>, viscount (Arm.). Founded on the Eng., and badly spelt by

Armstrong: either <biceas> or <biocas>.

<bicein>, a single grain (Arg.). From [bioc], [pioc]? (Wh.)

<biceir>, a wooden dish; from Sc. [bicker], Eng. [beaker]. Also <bigeir>,

<bigein>.

<běd>, a very small portion, a nip, a chirp. In the sense of "small

portion", the word is from the Sc. [bite], [bit], Eng. [bite], [bit]. In

the sense of "chirp, a small sound", O'R. has an Ir. word

[bíd], "song of birds". See <běog>. Hence <bědein>, diminutive

person or thing. Cf. W. [bidan], of like force.

<bideag>, a bit, bittie; from Sc. [bittock], dim. of Eng. [bit].

<bideag>, a fence (Stew.), <bid> (Sh.), Ir. [bíd], [bídeán] (O'R.), W. [bid],

quickset hedge, [bidan], a twig; [*bid-do-], root [bheid], split?

<bidhis>, a vice, screw, so Ir.; from Eng. [vice].

<bidse>, a bitch; from the English.

<běgh>, <bigh>, pith of wood, gum. See <běth>/

<bil>, <bile>, edge, lip, Ir. [bil], mouth, E.Ir., [bil], [bile], W. [byl], [*bili-],

[bilio-]. Root [bhi], [bhei], split; cf. Skr. [bíla], a hole, mouth of a

vessel, etc.; [vil], edge : W. also [myl].

<bileag>, <bile>, a leaf, blade, Ir. [billeóg], [bileóg], [*biliâ], I.E. root [bhela],

[bhale], [bhle@-], [bhlo@-], as in [blŕth]; Lat. [folium]; Gr. @G[fúllon], a

leaf; further, Eng. [blade].

--page 37

<bilearach>, <bileanach>, sea-grass, sweet-grass; from [bile].

<bileid>, a billet; from the Eng.

<bilistear>, a mean, sorry fellow, a glutton, Ir., E.Ir. [bille], mean,

paltry. In the Heb. it means, "rancid butter" (H.S.D.).

<binid>, also <minid> (Arg.), cheese, rennet, bag that holds the rennet,

stomach, Ir. [binid], O.Ir. [binit], rennet; [*binenti-], "biter",

root of [bean]? Cf. [muinne], stomach.

<binn>, melodious, so Ir., O.Ir. [bind], [*bendi], [*bydi-]; O.Br. [bann]

(St.); Skr. [bhandate], joyful, [bhand], receive loud praise,

[bhandána], shouting (Stokes, who adds Lat. [fides], lyre). The

idea may, however, be "high", root of [beann], peak, [binneach],

high-headed. See next also.>>

<binn>, sentence, verdict; [*bendi-], [*benni-]; cf. E.Ir. [atboind],

proclaims, [*bonnô], I ban. Cf. Skr. [bhan], speak, Eng. [ban].

It is clear that Gaelic has an ablaut in [e:o] connected with

the root [bha], speak.

<binndich>, curdle; from [binid], q.v.

<binnein>, pinnacle; from [beann], q.v.

<běoball>, <pěoball>, Bible, Ir. [biobla], W. [bebil]; from Lat. [biblia],

Eng. [bible].

<biod>, pointed top; root in [biodag], [bidean].

<biodag>, a daggar, Ir. [bideóg] (O'R.), [miodóg], W. [bidog], O.Br. [bitat],

resicaret, [*biddo-], [bid-do-], Celtic root [bid], [beid], I.E. [bhid],

[bheid], Lat. [findo], Eng. [bite], Skr. [bhid], split. Hence Eng.

[bodkin], possibly.

<biog>, <běog>, a start, Ir. [bíodhg], E.Ir. [bedg], O.Ir. [du-bidcet],

jaculantur, [*bizgo-], root [bis], [@gis], root [@gi-] of [beň]. Consider

<běogail>, lively, [quick].

<běog>, <biog>, chirp; onomatopetic; cf. Lat. [pipe], chirp, Eng. [pipe];

also Eng. [cheep]. Also <běd>, q.v.

<běogarra>, churlish; "cheepish", from [běog], cheep.

<biolagach>, melodious (M`F.); from ++<biol>, violin; from Eng. [viol],

Fr. [viole], violin.

<biolaire>, water-cresses, Ir. [biolar], E.Ir. [biror], W. [berwr], Cor., Br.

[beler], [*beruro-], Lat. [berula] (Marcellus), Fr. [berle], So. [berro].

Possibly allied to the root of Celtic [bervô], seethe, O.Ir. [tipra],

well, G. [tobar], Eng. [burn]. Cf. Ger. [brunnen kresse], water-cress,

i.e. "well" cress. The dictionaries and old glossaries

(Cormac, etc.) give [bir], [bior], as water or well.

<biolar>, dainty, spruce (Sh.); for [bior-ar], from [bior], "sharp"?

<biolasgach>, prattling, so Ir. (Lh. O'B.); from [bil], lip.

<bionn>, symmetrical (Carm.): Sc [bien].

<bior>, stake, spit, Ir. [bior], O.Ir. [bir], W. [bęr], Cor., Br. [ber], Celtic

[beru-]; Lat. [veru]; Gr. @G[barúes], trees (Hes.); Lit. [gěre@?], forest.

Hence <biorach>, sharp.

--page 38

<biorach>, a heifer, colt, Ir. [biorach], cow-calf:

<bioras>, water-lily; same origin as [biolar], q.v.

<biorg>, gush, twich, tingle; from the roots of [biolar] ([bior-]) and

[bior].

<biorraid>, a helmet, cap, Ir. [birreud], cap; from Eng. [biretta], from

Late Lat. [birretum].

<biorsadh>, a keen impatience: "groading"; from [bior].

<biorsamaid>, a balance; from Sc. [bismar], Norse [bismari].

<bior-snaois>, bowsprit of a sailing boat (N. Lochaber), forepart of

vessel:

<biota>, a churn, vessel; from Norse [bytta], a pail, tub, Ag.S. [bytt],

Latin [buttis], Eng. [butt].

<biotailt>, victuals, E.Ir. [bitáill], W. [bitel], M.Br. [bitaill]; from O.Fr.

[vitaille], from Lat. [victualia]. Eng. [victuals] is from the French.

<birlinn>, a galley, bark, M.Ir. [beirling]; formed from the Norse

[byrđingr], a ship of burthen, from [byrđr], burden, vb. [bera],

Eng. [bear]. The Sc. [bierling], [birlinn] is from the Gaelic. Cf.

[feňirlig]=[fjórđungr].

<birtich>, stir up; from [bior], goad.

<biseach>, luck; see [piseach].

<bith>, the world, existence, Ir., O.Ir. [bith], W. [byd], Br. [bed], Gaul.

[bitu-], [*bitu-s]; root [bi], [bei], live, I.E. [@gei], [@gi], whence Lat.

[vivo], Eng. [be], etc. Hence [beatha], [beň], [biadh], q.v.

<bith>, being (inf. of [bě], be), Ir., E.Ir. [beith], O.Ir. [buith]. The O.Ir.

is from the root [bhu] (Eng. [be], Lat. [fui]) = [*buti-s], Gr. @G[fúsis].

The forms [bith] and [beith], if derived from [bhu], have been

influenced by [bith], world, existence; but it is possible that

they are of the same root [@gi] as [bith]. Stokes, in his treatise

on the [Neo-Celtic Verb Substantive], takes [bith] and [beith] from

the root [ga], go, Gr. [básis] (Eng. [base]), a root to which he

still refers the O.Ir. aorist [bá], fui (see [bu]).

<běth>, resin, gum, birdlime, Ir. [bigh], O.Ir. [bí], pix, adj. [bíde], [*geis-],

a longer form of [gis-], the root of [giuthas], fir (Schräder).

Otherwise we must regard it as borrowed from Lat. [pix], [picis],

whence W. [pyg], Eng. [pitch], against which [b] and [í] ([i] long)

militate.

<běth>, quiet (Arm.):

<bith->, prefix denoting "ever", Ir., O.Ir. [bith-], W. [byth-]; from

[bith], world.

<biůc>, difficult utterance:

<biůthaidh>, foe, Ir. [bíodhbha], E.Ir., O.Ir. [bidbe], [bidbid] (gen.),

culprit, enemy.

<biůthas>, fame, <biůthaidh>, hero; see [fiů], [fiůbhaidh].

--page 39

<blabaran>, stammerer, Ir. [blabarán], from the Eng. [blabber], speak

inarticulately. It is of onomatopetic origin. Cf. Eng.

[babble].

<bladair>, a wide mouth, a flatterer, Ir. [bladaire], flatterer; from

the Eng. [blatterer], bletherer, blusterer, [blatter], prate; from

Lat. [blaterare], prate. Also <blad> a wide mouth (M`F.).

<bladh>, fame, Ir. [bládh], E.Ir. [blad]; root [blad-], [blat-], speak, as in

Lat. [blatero], babble, Norse [blađr], nonsense, Sc. [blether]. See

[bladair]. Cf. [glaodh], shout. Hence <bladhair>, expressive,

a boaster.

<bladhair>, strong, from <bladh>, pith, W. [blawdd], active; [*blâd-];

root [bla@-], swell, bloom, as in [blŕth], q.v.

<bladhm>, a boast, etc.; see [blaomadh].

<blad-shronach>, <blad-spŕgach>, flat-nosed, flat-footed; [blad-] is from

Eng. [flat].

<blaisbheum>, blasphemy; from Lat. [blasphemia], Eng. [blasphemy].

<blanndaidh>, rotten, stale; from Norse [blanda], whey "blend".

<blanndar>, flattery, dissimulation, so Ir.; from Lat. [blandiri],

Sc. [blander], Eng. [blandish].

++<blaodh>, a shout, noise, Ir. [blaodh], M.Ir. [blaeded], W. [bloedd].

Hence <blaodhag>, noisy girl, <boaghan>, calf's cry, etc.

<blaomadh>, loud talking, Ir. [blaodhmanach], noisy person; from

[*blaid-s-men]; see [blaodh].

++<blaosg>, a shell, Ir. [blaosc], M.Ir. [blaesc], testa, W. [blisg]; see