Longerich Peter. Heinrich Himmler: A Life
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propaganda, which he had read in 1919, as essential reading for an understand-
ing of this problem (BAB, NS 18/5022, letter to Lindner, 27 August 1927).
79. Kurier von Niederbayern, 17–18 May 1925. He made similar statements on 15
May 1925 in Vilsbiburg (ibid. 20 May 1925). For speeches relevant to this topic
see also 24 June 1925 in Deggendorf (ibid. announcement of 21 June 1925);
4 June in Straubing: ‘The Freemasons’ Lodge as a Tool of the Jews’ (ibid. 3
June 1925).
80. He made similar speeches on 19 March 1926 in Irlbach and on 20 March 1926
in Strasskirchen (ibid. announcement of 17 March 1926).
81. ‘The Agricultural Situation’, in Nationalsozialistische Briefe, 1 April 1926.
82. ‘Wake Up, Peasants!’ of 20 July 1926.
83. Kurier von Niederbayern, 17 September 1925.
84. Ibid. 22–3 November 1925 .
85. Ibid. 12 November 1925, announcement of a speech in Rotthalmu
¨
nster: ‘What
Does National Socialism Want?’; ibid. 3 April 1926,
about a speech on 26
March 1926 in
Malgersdorf: ‘National or Interna tional Socialism’; ibid. 18
March 1926, about a meeting in Dingolfing on 9 March 1926;on27 March
1926 he spoke in Plattling on the same topic (ibid. 27 March 1926), and in
Landshut he took the same line on 25 March 1926 (ibid. 31 March 1926).
86. Ibid. 3 December 1924.
87. Ibid. 18 March 1926.
88. Ibid. 3 April 1926. Himmler also spoke in September 1925 in Thuringia (see
ibid. 7 October 1925) and between 10 January and 15 February 1926 under-
took a speaking tour through north Germany (ibid. 18 February 1926.)
89. Leseliste no. 276, read La[ndshut], Mu [nich] and [on] journeys, 1925–19
February 1927.
90. Richard Breitman, ‘Mein Kampf and the Himmler Family: Two Generations
React to Hitler’s Ideas’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 13 (1999), 90–7.
91. On this see StA Mu
¨
nchen, Pol. Dir. Mu
¨
nchen 10081, Minute of the Munich
police,
Abt.
VIa, of 13 January 1926 ; Report of Himmler’s interrogation of 12
January 1926.
92. Elke Fro
¨
hlich et al. (eds.), Die Tagebu
¨
cher von Joseph Goebbels, 2 Parts, 9 and 15
volumes (Munich, 1993– 2006), 13 April 1926.
chapter 5
1. Wolfgang Horn, Der Marsch zur Machtergreifung. Die NSDAP bis 1933 (Du
¨
ssel-
dorf, 1972), 243; Peter Hu
¨
ttenberger, Die Gauleiter. Studie zum Wandel des
Machtgefu
¨
ges in der NSDAP (Stuttgart, 1969), 26 ff.; Dietrich Orlow, The
History of the Nazi Party, vol. 1: 1919–1933 (Newton Abbot, 1971), 76 ff.
2. Vo
¨
lkischer Beobachter, 17 September 1926.
770 endnotes
3. BAB, BDC, Research Ordner 199, 30 January 1927. On the party headquarters
in this period see Horn, Marsch, 278 ff.; Albrecht Tyrell, Fu
¨
hrer befiehl . . .
Selbstzeugnisse aus der ‘Kampfzeit’ der NSDAP. Dokumentation und Analyse
(Du
¨
sseldorf, 1969), 355 ff.
4. Hans-Walter Schmuhl, ‘Philipp Bouhler—Ein Vorreiter des Massenmordes’,
in Ronald Smelser, Enrico Syring, and Rainer Zitelmann (eds), Die Braune Elite
II. 21 weitere biographisch e Sk izzen (Darmstadt, 1993), 39–50.
5. See Mathias Ro
¨
sch, Die Mu
¨
nchner NSDAP 1925–1933. Eine Untersuchung zur
inneren Struktur der NSDAP in der Weimarer Republik (Munich, 2002), 512, who
does not attribute much importance to the later Oberbu
¨
rgermeister of Munich
during this period.
6. Peter Longerich, Geschichte der SA (Munich, 2003), 53 f.
7. On Hitler’s political style dur ing this period se e Tyrell, Fu
¨
hrer befiel, 146; Ian
Kershaw, Hitler, vol. 1: 1889 – 1936 (Stuttgart, 1998), 359 ff.
8. Gerhard Paul, Aufstand der Bilder. Die NS-Propaganda vor 1933 (Bonn, 1990 ), 64,
and
Kissen
koetter, Straßer, 33.
9. Paul, Aufstand, 65.
10. Ibid. 65 f.; a copy of the pamphlet is in the printed materials collection in the
Institut fu
¨
r Zeitgeschichte (IfZ) in Munich.
11. On Himmler’s planning of the ‘Hitler meetings’ see above all the file BAB, NS
18/5002, correspondence with the individual local branches, in particular
Himmler’s circulars dated 31 March 1928. Himmler had already sent ques-
tionnaires to local branches on 10 January 1928 in order to find out when, as a
result of ‘the largest hall having already been booked or because of festivities’, a
Hitler meeting could not take place (ibid.).
12. Reichspropagandaleitung (ed.), Propaganda (Munich, 1928), 36 ff.
13. BAK, NL 1126, appointments calendar for 1927.
14. BAB, NS 19/1789, ‘National or International Socialis m’.
15. StA Mu
¨
nchen, Pol. Dir. Mu
¨
nchen 18001, police report concerning the mem-
bership meeting of the Neuhausen section on 6 October 1926, ‘Capita lism and
Productive Labour’. The report is dated 14 October 1926.
16. Ibid. report on the public meeting of the Regensburg NSDAP local branch, 11
April 1927. The meeting took place on 9 April 1927.
17. BAB, NS 18/5007, letter from Fritz Schusnus to the Reich Party headquarters,
27 October 1926.
Electio
n results from the Statistisch e Jahrbu
¨
cher des Deutschen
Reiches.
18. BAB, NS 18/5007, 2 December 1926.
19. Ibid. Himmler’s figures.
20. Ibid. Himmler to the Gau headquarters, 21 April 1927.
21. Ibid. Party headquarters to Himmler, 28 April 1927.
22. Ibid. Heinz Schulz to Himmler, 1 May 1927.
23. Ibid. Himmler to the Gau headquarters, 2 May 1927.
24. Ibid. 18 May 1927.
endnotes 771
25. On the meetings and the election result see Beate Behrens, Mit Hitler zur
Macht. Aufstieg des Nationalsozialismus in Mecklenburg und Lu
¨
beck 1922–1933
(Rostock, 1998), 76 f.; on the election in general see ibid. 74 ff.
26. Circular from Himmler dated 24 December 1928, printed in Tyrell, Fu
¨
hrer
befiel, 255 ff. (quotes BAB, formerly Slg. Schumacher 373).
27. Paul, Aufstand, 68.
28. Tyrell, Fu
¨
hrer befiel, 225; Paul, Aufstand, 66 f.
29. On the shift of Nazi propaganda to rural areas after the Reichstag election of
1928 see Johnpeter Horst Grill, ‘The Nazi Party’s Rural Propaganda before
1928’, Central European History, 15 (1982), 149–85; Peter D.Stachura, ‘Der
kritische Wendepunkt? Die NSDAP und die Reichstagswahlen vom 20.Mai
1928’, Vierteljahrshefte fu
¨
r Zeitgeschichte, 26 (1978), 66–99; Tyrell, Fu
¨
hrer befiehl,
225 ff.
30. BAB, NS 18/5008, Himmler to G. Feder, 21 A
pril 1928,
and in NS 18/5011,
to A. Go
¨
pfert, 2 August 1930.
31. BAB, NS 18/5001, Himmler to the Hof local branch.
32. BAB, NS 18/5005, Himmler to the Westdeutscher Beobachter, 6 November
1928.
33. BAB, NS 18/5007, 20 April 1927.
34. Ibid. 19 April 1927.
35. BAB, NS 18/5005, Himmler to Robert Scherl, band leader, 10 August 1928.
36. BAB, NS 18/5022, Himmler to Hans Lustig, Stettin, 27 July 1927 .
37. BAB, NS 18/5006, Himmler to Herr H. Go
¨
tz, Kronach, 10 May 1928.
Similarly NS 18/5013b, Himmler to Karl Schick, Rossbach (Pfalz), 30 July
1930.
38. BAB, NS 18/5004, various letters.
39.
BAB, NS 18/5006,
letter to Coburg district headquarters (Bezirksleitung), 16
March 1928.
40. BAB, NS 18/5001, Propaganda department to Aschaffenburg local branch,
2 February 1927.
41. BAB, NS 18/5005, 24 October 1928.
42. Ibid. 27 October 1928.
43. Ibid. 31 October 1928.
44. Ibid. Himmler to the Westdeutscher Beobachter, 6 November 1928.
45. Tyrell, Fu
¨
hrer befiehl, 146.
46. Himmler expressed his views on the origins of the agricultural crisis in an
undated article and demanded as a response ‘an ethnic (vo
¨
lkisch) peasant policy’,
which he used as the title of the piece (BAB, NS 19/1789). According to
Himmler, in eastern Germany ‘there are now huge amounts of land belonging
to large estates that are on sale’, which ought to be settled with peasants and
772 endnotes
agricultural workers. At the same time, according to Himmler, this [was] ‘the
only effective defence against the intrusion of masses of Slavs from the east’.
47. Michael H. Kater, ‘Die Artamanen. Vo
¨
lkische Jugend in der Weimarer Re-
publik’, Historische Zeitschrift, 213 (1971), 577–683; Peter Schmitz, Die Artama-
nen. Landarbeit und Siedlung bu
¨
ndischer Jugend in Deutsc hland 1924–1935 (Bad
Neustadt a. d. Saale, 1985).
48. Kater, ‘Artamanen’, 614.
49. Ibid. 623.
50. Ibid.
51. This is clear from document s in the archive of the German youth movement
(see n. 57 below).
52. BAB, NS 18/5011, Himmler to Geheimrat von Konopath, 26 June 1930.
53. BAB, NS 18/5005, letter of 16 May 1929. Himmler recommends to his party
comrade from Duisburg, Karl Muefe ld, the principles of the Artam league,
‘which has implemented in an exemplary manner the aims you have expressed
in so far as it is possible to carry them out at the moment. I can only
recommend that you should join the ranks of the Artam league and work for
the realization of these goals.’
54. BAB, NS 18/5014, Himmler to the Pomeranian Gau headquarters, 21 August
1929, Re: request for the expulsion of five named party comrades.
55. BAB, NS 18/5004, Himmler to Rudolf Hager, Vienna, 21 June 1928.
56. BAB, NS 18/5011, Himmler to Maria Giessing, Bad Reichenhall, 16 July1930.
57.
Archi
v der Deutschen Jugendbewegung, A 2-82/82, note by Alwiss Rosen-
berg of 23 May 1969, and A 2-82/10, Alwiss Rosenberg: ‘Streit in der Arta-
manenbewegung’ (MS).
58. Kater, ‘Artamanen’, 623.
59. The newspaper first appeared as a supplement to the Berliner Arbeiterzeitung.
There is evidence for its existence until July 1929. Himmler was still using
notepaper with the Bundsc huh heading in 1931 (BAK, NL 1126/14, note of 16
February 1931).
60. BAK, NL 1126/6.
61. BAK, NL 1126/14, 29 September and 16 October 1927.
62. See the note in the catalogue of BAK, NL 1126. According to that the
Himmler letters are in private hands. The archivist in the Federal Archive
(Bundesarchiv), Josef Henke, was able on the basis of a microfilm to convince
himself of their authenticity.
63. BAK, NL 1126/14.
64. Ibid. 21 November 1927.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid. 22 November 1927.
67. Ibid. 2, 4, and 12 November 1927.
68.
Ibid. 22 November 1927.
She had already asked in her letter of 21 Novem ber
what was the reason for his ‘disappointment’.
endnotes 773
69. Ibid. 26 November 1927.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid. and 13 December 1927.
72. Ibid. 20, 21, and 22 December 1927.
73. Ibid. 22 and 24 December 1927.
74. Ibid. 24 December 1927 .
75. Ibid. 20 December 1927 .
76. Ibid. 24 December 1927. After she had got to know him a bit better she wrote
on 11 March 1928: ‘You know, sweetheart, I’m astonished by your submis-
siveness. All I can say to you is: “as you make your bed so you must lie on it”.’
77. Ibid. 4 January 1928; 5 January 1928: ‘Why are you so afraid of Berlin?’
78. Ibid. 21December 1927.On24 December 1927 she enquired: ‘What did the
doctor say?’ There are further mentions of stomach problems from 9 to 12
April 1928.
79. Ibid. 4 January 1928. The topic of ‘decent’ and ‘not decent’ comes up
repeatedly in her early letters: ‘And on the struggle about not being decent
and not being good. I didn’t want you suddenly to want to be like that and
I wanted to help you’ ( 31 December 1927). ‘Yesterday evening I read your old
letters, my dear fathead who wants to be decent’ (4 January 1928).
80.
Ibid. 24 Decem
ber 1927.
81. Ibid. 27 December 1927 .
82. Ibid. 29 December 1927 (two letters).
83. Ibid. 22 December 1927 .
84. Ibid.
85. Ibid. 30 December 1927 .
86. Ibid. 2 January 1928.
87. Ibid. 31 December 1927 .
88. Ibid. 2 January 1928 (two letters).
89. Ibid. letter arrived in Munich on 2 January 1928.
90. Ibid. 31 December 1927 .
91. Ibid. 5 May 1928.
92. Ibid. 6, 7, and 24 January 1928.
93. Ibid. 6 and 7 February 1928. There is an entry in the office diary for 8 February
referring to his stay in Berlin, BAK, NL 1126/6.
94. On his travel preparations see BAK, NL 1126/14, 11 February, 21 A
pril, und
13 May 1928.
95.
Ibid. 31 December 1927 and 4 Janu ary 1928.
96. Ibid. 2 March 1928.
97. Ibid. 11 February 1928.
98. Ibid. 6 March 1928.
99. Ibid.
774 endnotes
100. Ibid. 3 March 1928. ‘You know, sweetheart, from your letter I once again get
the feeling that you’ve told your parents something and don’t want to tell me
what they’ve replied for fear of offending me.’
101. Ibid. 21 April 1928; and 3 and 18 May 1928.
102. Ibid. 10 May 1928.
103. In her letter of 10 February 1928 (ibid.) she is already talking of leaving the
clinic and sharing her life with Himmler. It is clear from the letter of 20
February 1928 (ibid.) that at this point she is determined to sell her shares in
the clinic.
104. Ibid. 26 April 1928.
105. Ibid. 21 May 1928.
106. Ibid. 12 and 20 April 1928.
107. Ibid. 13, 20, 23, 25, and 27 June 1928 .
108. Ibid. 24 und 27 June 1928.
109. StA Mu
¨
nchen, Amtsgerichte 21849, 141, 19 September 1928.
110.BAK,NL1126/14, 17 June 1928.
111.
Ibid. 21 June 1928.
See also 19 May and 15 and 18 June 1928.
112. StA Mu
¨
nchen, Pol. Dir. Mu
¨
nchen 18001, driving-test certificate. According
to this Himmler had had driving lessons between 16 March and 22 June 1928.
113.BAK,NL1126/14, wedding announcement of 3 July 1928.
114. Ibid. 21 January and 18 June 1929.
115. Ibid. 20 March 1929.
116. Ibid. 5 May 1929.
117. Ibid. 6 May 1929.
118. Ibid. 24 September 1929: ‘Your parents do understand that the child will be
baptized as a Protestant, don ’t they?’
119. Ibid. 22 September 1929.
120. Ibid. 13 October 1929.
121. Robert Lewis Koehl, The Black Corps: The Structure and Power Struggles of the
Nazi SS (Madison, Wisc., 1983 ), 86 .
122. On the early years of the SS see Heinz Ho
¨
hne, Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf.
Die Geschichte der SS (Gu
¨
tersloh
, 1967), 23 ff.
, and Koehl, Black Corps, 18 ff.
123.BAB,NS19/1934, Guidelines for the Establishment of Protection Squads,
sent out by the supreme command of the SS on 21 September 1925 .OnSS
uniforms see also Andrew Mollo, Uniforms of the SS, vol. 1: Allgemeine SS
1923–1945 (London, 1969).
124.BAB,NS19/1934, Guideline no. 1, 21 September 1925.
125. Ibid. undated. Copy in the Vo
¨
lkischer Beobachter of 6 August 1926;Ho
¨
hne,
Orden, 28.
126. Longerich,Geschichte der SA, 45 ff.
127.BAB,NS19/1934, Ernst Wagner to Hitler, 20 May 1926.
128. Ibid. Circular no. 1, 14 April 1926.
129. Koehl, Black Corps, 25 f.
endnotes 775
130. Ibid. 26;Ho
¨
hne, Orden, 29.
131. Koehl, Black Corps, 26 f.
132. BAB, NS 19/1934, 13 September 1927.
133. Ibid. and order no. 2 of 4 November 1927 (in the same file).
134. BAB, NS 19/1934, order of 20 January 1929. On the history of the SS in the
years 1929–30 see in particular Koehl, Black Corps, 32 ff.
135. The figure of 280 men often quoted in the literature from the official party
history written by Gunter d’Alquen (Die SS. Geschichte, Aufgabe und Organisa-
tion der Schutzstaffeln der NSDAP (Berlin, 1939), 8) is unreliable. D’Alquen’s
booklet is simply an expanded version of a Himmler speech from January
1937 and is not based on his own research. On Himmler’s figures see BAB,
NS 19/4013, 5 May 1944 (260), NS 19/4011, 16 December 1943, speech at a
conference of Naval commanders (290), NS 19/ 4014, speech of 21 June 1944
in Sonth ofen to Wehrmacht generals (300). In Heinrich Hoff mann, Das
Braune Heer. 100 Bilddokumente: Leben, Kampf und Sieg der SA und SS (Berlin,
1932), 45,
there
is a caption under a Himmler portrait which states: ‘He began
his work with 300 or 400 men.’
136. SS-Leitheft 7/1b(1941/42), ‘Im Dienst des Fu
¨
hrers . . . Vom Kampf der
SS. Ein geschichtlicher Ru
¨
ckblick’, 10–14.
137. BAB, NS 19/1934.
138. A ‘fundamental order’ issued by the SA leadership on 12 April 1929 (‘Grusa
VIII’) regulated in particular the formation of SS units and details of SS service
(ibid.).
139. BAB, NS 19/1934.
140. Ibid. SS-Order Party Rally 1929, 26 July 1929.
141. Vo
¨
lkischer Beobachter, 4–5 August 1929, Standarten dedication ceremony and
Announcement no. 29 of the Supreme SA Leader; Vo
¨
lkischer Beobachter, 6
August 1929, ‘The swastika as the banner of freedom to come. The great
march-past in the presence of the Fu
¨
hrer.’
142. Tagebu
¨
cher Goebbels, 5 July 1929.
143. Ibid. 1 August 1929.
144.
Ibid. 20 November 1930.
145.
Ibid. 22 November 1929.
146. Ibid. 13 January und 20 March 1930.
147. Ibid. 23 March 1930.
148. Paul, Aufstand, 70 ; Kissenkoetter, Straßer, 55 f.
149. Tagebu
¨
cher Goebbels, 28 April 1930.
150. Ibid. 2 May 1930.
151. Ibid. 12 May 1930.
152. Ibid. 24 May 1930.
153. Himmler had third place on the list of candidates for the district of Upper
Bavaria, which in fact ensured that he gained a seat in the Reichstag; had the
party done badly in this district he would have got into parliament through
776 endnotes
the R eich list, where he had a secure place at no. 15 (Vo
¨
lkischer Beobachter, 28
and 31 August 1930).
154. Details are contained in the file BAB, NS 18/5014. On his handing over of
the post see also Kissenkoetter, Straßer, 59.
155.BAB,NS19/1722, NSDAP Reichstag group to Himmler, 20 February 1931.
‘We wish to point out’, the reprimand stated, ‘that the way the group’s mail is
being handled is by no means conducive to its efficient functioning.’
156.BAB,NS19/1721, Schwenningen local branch to Himmler, 21 September
1932; Himmler’s reply of 1 Oct ober 1932. The false statement is in Heinrich
Himmler, Der Reichstag 1930. Das sterbende System und der Nationalsozialismus
(Munich, 1931), 57.
chapter 6
1. Longerich, Geschichte der SA, 103 f.; these events are documented in particular
in StA Mu
¨
nchen, Pol. Dir. Mu
¨
nchen 6808 , Report of the Landeskriminalamt
Berlin of 16 September 1930; see also Tagebu
¨
cher Goebbels, 30 August and 1
September 1930.
2. StA Mu
¨
nchen, Pol. Dir. Mu
¨
nchen 6810, Police report on a meeting of 14
October 1930; Eberhart Scho
¨
n, Die Entstehung des Nationalsozialismus in
Hessen (Meisenheim a. Glan, 1972), 129 f.; see also Longerich, Gesch ichte der
SA, 102 and 105.
3.BAB,NS19/2817, Himmler’s report from memory of the resignation of the
supreme SA-Fu
¨
hrer Pfeffer von Salomon in 1930, written on 4 June 1941.
4. This is the version contained in the introduction to ‘Die Pflichten des
SS-Mannes und SS-Fu
¨
hrers’, BAB, NS 19/3973, as well as in the article
‘Entstehung und Gesc hichte der SS’, in SS-Leitheft, 2/9 (1936), 11 – 13.
5.BAB,NS19/1934, SS order no. 20, 1 Decem
ber 1930.
6.
BAB, formerly Slg. Schuhmacher 403, SA order from Hitler dated 3 September
1930.
7. On the conflict between Hitler and Ro
¨
hm during the early history of the SA
see Longerich, Geschichte der SA, 15 ff., 33 ff., and 45 ff.
8. The memorandum, which appears to have been written by August Schneid-
huber, one of the highest-ranking SA leaders, summarized the criticism of the
party leaders hip that was widespread within the SA (StA Mu
¨
nchen, Pol. Dir.
Mu
¨
nchen 6822, notes for a speech at an meeting of SA leaders, 30 November
1930). On the meeting with Hitler and Ro
¨
hm’s appointment see Longerich,
Geschichte der SA, 108 f.
9.BAB,NS19/1934.
10. BAB, BDC, Research Ordner 238 I (also NARA, T 580 R 36), Ro
¨
hm to
Himmler, 28 March 1930: ‘I would like to thank you very warmly for your
endnotes 777
letter of 29 January 1930, which more than any other I have received made me
want to return soon to Germany.’
11. Ibid. (also NARA, T 580R 36), Himmler to Ro
¨
hm, 4 November 1929.
12. Ibid. (also NARA, T 580 R 36), Ro
¨
hm to Himmler, 28 March 1930. Ro
¨
hm’s
letters of 7 September 1929 und 27 August 1930 have also survived (ibid.).
13. Longerich, Gesch ichte der SA, 147.
14. BAB, NS 19/1934.
15. Koehl, Black Corps, 41.
16. BAB,NS 19/1934. The order dealt with various other details.
17. Ibid. staff order no. 9 of 12 February 1931 and provisional instruction for the
reinforcement, training and deployment etc. of the SS motorized units, 21
March 1931.
18. BAB, NS 19/1934, 12 May 1931.
19. StA Mu
¨
nchen, Pol. Dir. Mu
¨
nche
n 6822,
report of the General Inspector to the
Chief of Staff, 17 December 1931.
20. On the numer ous conflicts between the SA and the SS see Longerich,
Geschichte der SA, 149 ff.; Michael H. Kater, ‘Zum gegenseitigen Verha
¨
ltnis
von SA und SS in der Sozialgeschichte des Nationalsozialismus von 1925 bis
1939’, Vierteljahrsschrift fu
¨
r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 62/3 (1975), 339–79.
21. BAB, NS 19/ 1934, Ober fu
¨
hrer Su
¨
d, Oberfu
¨
hrer order no. 8, guidelines for the
training of the SS in Abschnitt South, 1 April 1931.
22. Longerich, Geschichte der SA, 110 f.; see also in particular Tagebu
¨
cher Goebbels,
1–10 April 1931.
23. BAB, NS 19/1934. The meeting took place on 13 and 14 June 1931.
24. ‘Wir sind das Heer vom Hakenkreuz’, ‘O Deutschland hoch in Ehren’, ‘Noch
ist die Freiheit nicht verloren’, ‘Wenn alle untreu werden’, ‘Heil mein Lieb,
der Morgen graut’, ‘Bru
¨
der in Zechen und Gruben’, ‘Ich hatt’ einen Kamer-
aden’, and ‘Drei Lilien’ were cited.
25. BAB, NS 19/1934, Provisional Service Regulations for the Work of the SS,
June 1931.
26.
Ibid. SS order C, no. 28,o
f9 June 1931.
27. Ibid. SS order A, no. 35 of 13 July 1931 .
28. Ibid. SS order A, no 1 of 24 January 1932.
29. Ibid. SS order A, no. 30 of 8 June 1931.
30. Shlomo Aronson, Reinhard Heydrich und die Fru
¨
hgeschichte von SA und SD
(Stuttgart, 1971), 34 ff.
31. Ibid. 37 f.; Wildt, Generation, 241.
32. Aronson, Heydrich, 54 ff., on the creation of the SD.
33. Ibid. 60 f.
34. Longerich, Gesch ichte der SA, 111.
35. BAB, formerly Slg. Schumacher 415, figures on the strength of the SA and SS, 18
May 1931;BAB,NS19/1934, Himmler to Supreme SA leader, 2 October 1931.
36. Ibid. Report of the Landeskriminalpolizeiamt Berlin of 1 November 1931.
778 endnotes
37. Doc. PS-1992 (A), Lecture by Himmler on the nature and role of the SS to a
Wehrmacht course on national politics, 15–23 January 1937,inInternational
Military Tribunal: Der Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationa -
len Milita
¨
rgerichtshof, 14. Oktober 1945 bis 1. Oktober 1946, 42 vols. (Nuremberg,
1947–9), here vol. 29, 206 ff.
38. BAB, NS 19/1934, SS order A , no. 65,of31 December 1931.
39. BAB, NS 19/4013, speech of 5 May 1944. The same line was taken in an article
published by the head of the Race Office, Schultz, in the journal Volk und
Rasse, 17 (1942), in January 1942 to mark the tenth anniversary of the Engage-
ment and Marriage Order: ‘This order provoked a huge amount of malicious
distortion and vicious sarcasm but the SS was unshakeable in standing its
ground ...’(1 f.).
40. This account of subcultural aspects of the SA derives above all from a large
amount of literatu re that was published by the SA or those close to it immedi-
ately after the seizure of power. For details see Longerich, Geschichte der SA,
115.
41. BAB, NS 19/1934, SS order A , no. 67, 31 December 1931.
42. This is based on the rules of procedure of 12 May 1931 (ibid.).
43. On Darre
´
see Anna Bra mwell, Blood and Soil: Richard
Walt
her Darre
´
and Hitler’s
‘Green Party’ (Bourne End, 1985); Horst Gies, R. Walther Darre
´
und die
nationalsozialistische Bauernpolitik in den Jahren 1930 bis 1933 (Frankfurt a. M.,
1966); BAB, BDC, SS-O Darre
´
.
44. Isabel Heinemann, ‘Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut’. Das Rasse- und Siedlung-
shauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas (Go
¨
ttingen, 2003),
55 ff.
45. BAB, NS 19/1074.
46. BAB, BDC, SS-O Wolff; Jochen von Lang, Der Adjutant. Karl Wolff, der Mann
zwischen Hitler und Himmler (Munich, 1985), 12 ff.
47. BAB, BDC, SS-O Heissmeyer, undated cv.
48. BAB, BDC, SS-O Wege, particularly the cv of 12 May 1932.
49. BAB, BDC, SS-O Hildebrandt, particularly the cv of 15 April 19 36.
50. BAB, BDC, SS-O Kru
¨
ger, cv.
51. Richard Breitman, ‘Friedrich Jeckeln, Spezialist fu
¨
r die “Endlo
¨
sung im Osten” ’,
in Ronald Smelser und Enrico Syring (eds), Die SS. Elite unter dem Totenkopf. 30
Lebensla
¨
ufe (Paderborn etc., 2000), 267–75; BAB, BDC, SS-O Jeckeln, in partic-
ular Jeckeln to Himmler, 28 February 1932.
52. BAB, BDC, SS-O Lorenz, in particular the cv, 31 March 1937.
53.
BAB,
BDC SS-O Wittje, especially the undated cv.
54. BAB, BDC, SS-O Zech; Zech, born in 1892, had served in the Reichswehr until
1920 as a captain. See Reichstags-Handbuch, IX, Wahlperiode 1933 (Berlin, 1934).
55. BAB, BDC, SS-O Moder, in particular the undated cv.
56. BAB, BDC, SS-O Schmauser, in particular the undated cv.
57. TB, 6 July 1922.
endnotes 779