Longerich Peter. Heinrich Himmler: A Life
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4. In the Amtliches Verzeichni s des Personals der Lehrer, Beamten und Studierenden an
der Ko
¨
niglich-Bayerischen Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universita
¨
tzuMu
¨
nchen he is
registered as a student from the winter semester 1884/5 to the summer
semester 1890; it is also registered that he interrupted his studies from winter
semester 1898/9 until summer semester 1890.
5. Himmler’s great niece, Katrin Himmler, discovered the information about the
stay in Russia through oral family history; see Katrin Himmler, Die Bru
¨
der
Himmler. Eine deutsche Familiengeschichte (Frankfurt a. M., 2005), 35.
6. I was informed that there is no record of Himmler’s role as tutor to Prince
Heinrich in the Private Archive of the Wittelsbach dynasty (BHStA, Abteilung
III).
7. According to the Bla
¨
tter fu
¨
r das Gymnasial-Schulwesen 33 (May/June 1897), 528.
The Festschrift zur Vierhundert-Jahr-Feier des Wilhelms-Gymnasiums, 1559–1959
(Munich, 1959), 57, shows that Himmler was employed as a grammar-school
teacher there during the years 18941902. According to Himmler, Bru
¨
der
Himmler, 37, he was employed at the Ludwigsgymnasium from 1890 and
from 1893 as a private tutor.
8. BAK, NL 1126/26, Family tree of the Heyder family created by Gerhard
Himmler, 1931. Anna Maria Heyder was born on 19 January 1866. Her father,
Franz Alois Heyder, born on 2 July 1810 in Abensberg (Lower Bavaria), died
on 17 April 1872.
His
ancestors, who can be traced back to the sixteenth
century, were foresters. In 1839 Alois Heyder had married a widow who was
eighteen years older than him before, in 1862, he married Anna Hofritter, the
mother of Himmler’s mother, who was fourteen years younger than him.
Cf. Smith, Himmler, 29.
9. Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 38, mentions 300,000 Goldmarks, which for those
days represented considerable wealth. However, the Himmlers’ lifestyle does
not suggest that they possessed significant income from property in addition to
the income he earned as a civil servant.
10. BAK, NL 1126/1, Gebhard Himmler to Prinz Heinrich, 21 June 1900
(a thank-you letter for his agreeing to become godfather), 8 October 1900
(announcement of the birth) and 19 October 1900 (re the christening);
cf. Smith, Himmler, 38 f.
11. Smith, Himmler, 30 f.
12. As in a farewell letter that he wrote to his wife before embarking on a journey
to Greece in 1912 (Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 48). The fact that the family
regularly attended mass is clear from Heinrich’s diary. Apart from Heinrich’s
holiday diaries for 1910 and 1911 (Lenggries), 1912 (Lindau), und 1913 (Brix-
legg) in Nachlass Himmler, BAK, NL 1126/6, the Himmler diaries that have
survived are in the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, also as microfilm
in Nachlass Himmler (BAK, NL 1126). In future they will be referred to in the
notes as TB.
750 endnotes
13. Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 46 ff., demonstrates this in exemplary fashion from
family history by means of the farewell letters that Himmler ’s father wrote
prophylactically to Gerhard and Ernst.
14. Smith, Himmler, 46 f.; TB, 18 September 1915.
15. BAK, NL 1126/1, Gebhard Himmler, ‘Notes on the schooling of our dear
children’ (Schulnotizen ); see Smith, Himmler, 43.
16. Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 46 ff.
17. At first they lived in the bride’s flat on the first floor of Sternstrasse 13
(Adressbuch fu
¨
rMu
¨
nchen 1898). Agathe Himmler, an employee of the District
Office (Bezirksamt), was also registered as living at this address. In 1900 and
1901 the family lived on the second floor of Hildegardstra sse 6, from the 1 April
1901 on the third floor of Liebigstrasse 5,k(Adressbuch fu
¨
rMu
¨
nchen 1900 und
1901). Cf. Smith, Himmler, 39.
18. Smith, Himmler, 50.
19. The correspondence is contained in BAK, NL 1126/1. Katrin Himmler describes
the visits in Bru
¨
der Himmler, 39, based on the manuscript of the memoirs of her
great-uncle, Gerhard Himmler, which are in the possession of the family.
20. On the cultural changes during the period of the Prince Regent
and on the
decline
of Munich as an artistic centre see above all David Clay Large, Hitlers
Mu
¨
nchen. Aufstieg und Fall der Hauptstadt der Bewegung (Munich, 1998), as well
as the collection of essays edited by Friedrich Prinz and Marita Krauss,
Mu
¨
nchen—Musenstadt mit Hinterho
¨
fen. Die Prinzregentenzeit 1886–1912 (Munich,
1988), in particular Roger Engelmann, ‘O
¨
ffentlichkeit und Zensur. Literatur
und Theater als Provokation’, 267–76. For a general account of this period see
Karl Mo
¨
ckl, Die Prinzregentenzeit. Gesellschaft und Politik wa
¨
hrend der
€
Ara des
Prinzregenten Luitpold in Bayern (Munich and Vienna, 1972).
21. Bla
¨
tter fu
¨
r das Gymnasial-Schulwesen, 38, 9/10 (Septemb er–October 1902), 665.
22. BAK, NL 1126/1, correspondence between Gebhard Himmler and the family
doctor, Quernstedt (15 July 1903), as well as with Prince Heinr ich (the prince’s
enquiry about Heinrich’s state of health, 25 June 1903, and Himmler’s replies
of 30 August and 20 December 1903); Smith, Himmler, 40 ff.
23. Bla
¨
tter fu
¨
r das Gymnasial-Schulwesen, 40, 9/10 (Septemb er–October 1904), 684;
Adressbuch
fu
¨
rM
u
¨
nchen 1905; see Smith, Himmler, 42.
24. Smith, Himmler, 42 f.; BAK, NL 1126/1, School reports. Himmler’s father
mentions here five different occasions when Gebhard was ill during this year,
which led to 147 days off school.
25. See in particular the reflections on this in Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 66 f.,
BAK, NL 1126/1, Schulnotizen.
26. BAK, NL 1126/1, Schulnotizen.
27. Smith, Himmler, 44 f.
28. See the holiday diaries for 1910 und 1911 (Lenggries), 1912 (Lindau), and 1913
(Brixlegg) in Nachlass Himmler, BAK, NL 1126/6.
29. TB, 1911, Landaufenthalt in Lenggries; cf. Smith, Himmler, 44 ff.
endnotes 751
30. Smith, Himmler, 51.
31. BAK, NL 1126/1, Schulnotizen.
32. George W. F. Hallgarten, ‘Mein Mitschu
¨
ler Heinrich Himmler’, in Germanica
Judaica, 1/2 (1960–1), 4–7.
33. Smith, Himmler, 52; Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 49.
34. BAB, NS 19/3667. On Zipperer see Smith, Himmler, 53 f.
35. Falk Zipperer, ‘Eschwege. Eine siedlungs- und verfassungsgeschichtliche Un-
tersuchung’, in Festgabe fu
¨
r Heinrich Himmler (Dar mstadt, 1941), 215–92. Zip-
perer’s dissertation, which appeared in a series of the SS academic organization,
Ahnenerbe, was concerned with the customs of Upper Bavaria: Das Haberfeld-
treiben. Seine Gesch ichte und seine Bedeutung (Weimar, 1938); see also BAB,
BDC, SS-O Zipperer.
36. BAB, NS 19/3535.
37. Alfons Beckenbauer, ‘Eine Landshuter Jugendfreundschaft und ihre Verwick-
lung in die NS-Politik. Der Arzt Dr. Karl Gebha rdt und der Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS
Heinrich Himmler’, in Verhandlungen des Historischen Vereins fu
¨
r Niederbayern,
100 (1974), 5–22.
38. Smith, Himml
er, 48.
39.
Alfons Beckenbauer, ‘Musterschu
¨
ler und Massenmo
¨
rder. Heinrich Himmlers
Landshuter Jugendjahre’, in Verhandlungen des Historischen Vereins fu
¨
r Nieder-
bayern, 95 (1969), 93–106 .
40.TB,28 July 1915.
41.TB,4 September 1915.
42.TB,16 February 1915.
43.TB,29 July1915.
44. On the war youth generation see in particular: Ulrich Herbert, Best. Biogra-
phische Studien u
¨
ber Radikalismus, Weltanschauung und Vernunft, 1903–1989
(Bonn, 1996), 42 ff. Herbert believes that this generation was concerned
above all to transfer an idealized version of the ‘front-line soldier’ to the
domestic political situation. Herbert refers in particular to the book by Gu
¨
n-
ther Gu
¨
ndel that was particul arly influential at the time: Sendung der Jungen
Generation. Versuch einer umfassenden revolutiona
¨
ren Sinndeutung der Krise (Mu-
nich, 1932). The other work referred to by him in this context, by Helmut
Lethen, Verhaltenslehren der Ka
¨
lte. Lebensversuche zwischen den Kriegen (Frankfurt
a. M., 1994), focuses on authors of the ‘Neue Sachlichkeit’ and so is not
relevant for the early history of right-wing radicalism in the Weimar Republic.
Michael Wildt, Generation des Unbedingten. Das Fu
¨
hrungskorps des Reichssicher-
heitshauptamtes (Hamburg, 2003), has provided supporting evidence for the
picture sketch ed by Herbert by showing that, with a 60 per
cent membership,
the
upper ranks of the Reich Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt =
RSHA) were dominated by the war youth generation. On the war youth
generation see also Barbara Stambolis, Der Mythos der jungen Generation. Ein
Beitrag zur politischen Kultur der Weimarer Republik (Bochum, 1982).
752 endnotes
45. On war games see TB, 1 September 1914, 1 and 18 February1915.
46.KAM,OP54540, report of the head of the Landshut Jugendwehr, 26 June 1917.
47. TB, 25 September 1915. On the Jugendwehr see Smith, Himmler, 61.
48. TB, 16 February and 31 July 1915.
49. TB, 27 September 1914.
50. BAK, NL 1126/3, Membership card; date of entry was 6 February 1917 .
51. Smith, Himmler, 69.
52. Ibid. 68 f. and 72; Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 57.
53. Smith, Himmler, 72.
54. KAM, OP 54540, certificate of the district liaison officer for youth military
training, 25 June 1917.
55. Hofverwaltung, Frau Prinzessin Witwe Arnulf, Hofmarschall Pflaum, 4 and 11
June 1917; Smith, Himmler, 72 ff.
56. BAK, NL 1126/1,
questionnaire 1.
Btl. 1. Inf.-Regiment, completed by
Gebhard Himmler on 23 June 1917.
57. KAM, OP 54540, school report of 15 July 1917. Himmler was rated ‘very
good’ in the subjects Religious Stu dies and History, ‘good’ in German, Latin,
French, Maths, and Gymnastics, and ‘satisfactory’ in Physics.
58. BAK, NL 1126/1, Magistrat Land shut to Gebhard Himmler, 6 October 1917,
as well as KAM, OP 54540, Certificate of the Magistrate of 24 December 1917.
On this episode see also Smith, Himmler, 74 f.
59. KAM, OP 54540, letter from Hofmarschall Pflaum to the commander of the
11th Bavarian Infantry Regiment, 17 August 1917.
60. Ibid. Archiv des fr. Bay. III. A.K., letter to Major Ritter v. Braun re promotion
to lieutenant, 18 March 1921; Smith, Himmler, 82 f.
61. BAK, NL 1126/11, letter of 4 January 1918.
62. Ibid. correspondence with his parents ( January); Smith, Himmler, 76 ff.
63. Details in BAK, NL 1126/11.
64. Ibid. 29 January 1918.
65.
Ibid.
correspondence with his parents (February); Smith, Himmler, 79.
66. Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 60 f.
67. BAK, NL 1126/11, 23 March 918.
68. Ibid. 7 May 1918, also 6, 15, and 22 May 1918.
69. Smith, Himmler, 82 f.
70. BAK, NL 1126/11, 20 June and 17 September 1918.
71. Thus, for example, in his letter of 5 August 1918, in which he wrote that he had
reported sick and the doctor had prescribed rest.
72. BAK, NL 1126/11, 23 June and 29 August 1918.
73. Ibid. 29 August 1918.
74. Ibid. 4 August 1918.
75. KAM, OP 54540, assessment of 14 September 1918. In this assessment Himm-
ler’s performance was rated good to very good, and he was considered suitable
for a commission at a later date.
endnotes 753
76. BAK, NL 1126/11, 13 August 1918.
77. Smith, Himmler, 85.
78. BAK, NL 1126/11.
79. Ibid. 23 October 1918; Smith, Himmler, 85.
80. Smith, Himmler, 86f. Details are to be found in his letters to his parents of 30
November as well of 6, 10, 11, and 17 December 1918 (BAK, NL 1126/11).
81. BAK, NL 1126/11, 6 Dec ember 1918.
82. Ibid. 23 June and 29 August 1918. Cf. Smith, Himmler, 87 f.
83. BAK, NL 1126/11, 6 Dec ember 1918.
84. KAM OP 54540, Archive des fr. Bay. III. A.K., letter to Major Ritter v. Braun
re promotion to lieutenant, 18 March 1921; Smith, Himmler, 88.
chapter 2
1. BAK, NL 1126/13, Teacher notebook of Gebhard Himmler’s: War Special
Class A, Gymnasium Landshut. Class teacher Himmler, Konrektor; cf. Smith,
Himmler, 89.
2. Poems by the two friends can be found in BAK, NL 1126/19;Smith,Himmler, 90 f.
3. On the revolution in Munich see Allan Mitchell, Revolution in Bayern 1918 /
1919. Die Eisner-Regierung und die Ra
¨
terepublik (Munich, 1967); Karl Bosl (ed.),
Bayern im Umbruch. Die Revolution von 1918, ihre Voraussetzungen, ihr Verlauf und
ihre Folgen (Munich and Vienna, 1969 ); Heinrich Hillmayr, Roter und Weißer
Terror in Bayern nach 1918. Ursachen, Erscheinungsformen und Folgen der Gewaltta
¨
-
tigkeiten im Verlauf der revolutiona
¨
ren Ereignisse nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltk-
rieges (Munich, 1974); Hans Fenske, Konservatismus und Rechtsradikalismus in
Bayern nach 1918 (Bad Homburg v. d. H., 1969), 40 ff.; Heinrich August
Winkler, Von der Revolution zur Stabilisierung. Arbeiter und Arbeiterbewegung in
der Weimarer Republik 1918 bis 1924, 2nd edn (Berlin and Bonn, 1985), 184 ff.
4. 4 BAK, NL 1126/18, Repor ts of the Regensburg secretariat of the BVP, 23 and
30 Decem
ber 1918 and 9 Janu
ary 1919; cf. Smith, Himmler, 93.
5. According to his gr eat-niece Katrin (though she does not provide any further
evidence) he took part in the attack on Munich and in the fighting in the
centre of the city as a member of the Landshut Free Corps (Bru
¨
der Himmler , 71).
However, this is highly improbable. It would be the only example of Himmler
having been involved in combat in his entire life, so one can assume th at he
would have referred to this event in later years. After all, throughout his
life ‘Miles Heinrich’ tried to portray himself as a ‘soldier’, which is why he
constantly referred to his period of military service. The fact that he never
mentioned the fighting in Munich is an important indication that he did not
take part in it. His army file in the Kriegsarchiv Mu
¨
nchen, which was kept
open until 1921, also fails to refer to any such action. His 1921 request for an
abridgement to his university course—a special dispensation for those who had
fought in the war—does not refer to it either.
754 endnotes
6. This is based on a short note in Himmler’s handwriting signed by his com pany
commander on 13 July 1919 (it was concerned with permission to receive
food), see BAK, NL 1126/1. See also Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 71.
7. Beckenbauer, ‘Musterschu
¨
ler’, esp. 97 f.
8. BAK, NL 1126/12, letter of 10 August 1919 (I), also the letters to his parents of
1, 3, 10 (II), 15, and 24 August 1919. On his period of training see Smith,
Himmler, 97 ff. His special work diary will in future be referred to as ATB.
9. ATB, 10 August 1919.
10. ATB, 2–23 September 1919. Three letters to his mother, who initially re-
mained in Landshut, have survived: 11, 15, and 20 September 1919.
11. ATB, 25 September 1919. On this see also the letters from Quenstedt to
Gebhard Himmler of 24 September and 18 October 1919 (BAK, NL 1126/
1). The doctor attributed the e nlargement of the heart to the excessive physical
demands of his military service. On his illness see Smith, Himmler, 99 ff.
12. BAK, NL 1126/8 , Leseliste [Reading
list] no. 1—28,N
L1126/9 contains a
transcription that was used for this book, which in future is referred to as
Leseliste. See in detail Smith, Himmler, 102 ff.
13. Leseliste no. 10: ‘A, to begin with nauseatingly insipid but in the end stimulat-
ing, novel, too naturalistic.’
14. On the history of forgery see Nick Groom, The Forger’s Shadow: How Forgery
Changed the Course of Literature (London, 2002).
15. Leseliste no. 23, Friedrich Wichtl, Weltfreimaurerei, Weltrevolution, Weltrepublik.
Eine Untersuchung u
¨
ber Ursprung und Endziele des Weltkrieges (Munich, 1919).
The book appea red in 1928 already in its 11th edition. On Wichtl’s book see
Helmut Neuberger, Freimaurerei und Nationalsozialismus. Die Verfolgung der
deutschen Freimaurerei durch vo
¨
lkische Bewegung und Nationalsozialismus, vol. 2:
Das Ende der deutschen Freimaurerei (Hamburg, 1980), 40 ff.
16. Leseliste no. 19.
17. TB, 16 October 1919. On Himmler’s period in Munich during the years
1919–20 see Smith, Himmler, 107 ff.
18. TB, 18 October 1919; BAK, NL 1126/1, matriculation certificate from the
same day.
19. TB, 12 December 1919, about his examination by Dr Quenstedt.
20. Smith, Himmler, 107.
21. In the 1920 Adress
buch fu
¨
rM
u
¨
nchen there is the entry: Anna Loritz, widow of a
chamber singer, boarding house, Ja
¨
gerstr. 8 I; Smith, Himmler, 107 f.
22. TB, 22 November 1919; on visits to von Lossow see also TB, 23 October and
26 December 1919.
23. TB, 16 December 1919 and 11 January 1920.
24. On his visits see among others TB, 22 November, 15 and 26 December 1919,
and 12, 16, and 24 January 1920.
25. TB, 21 February 1920.
endnotes 755
26.TB,19 November 1919 ( joining). On life in the fraternity see among other
references TB, 20 November, 2, 4, 11, 13, and 17 December 1919, and 10 and
27 January 1920. On Apollo see Smith, Himmler, 114 f.
27.TB,27 January 1920.
28. On his religious activity see among other references TB, 12 and 19 October, 16
and 28 November, 2, 8, and 26 December 1919, and 1, 10, 11, and 18 January
1920. On his attitude to religion at this period see Smith, Himmler, 119 ff.
29.TB,9 November 1919.
30.TB,24 December 1919.
31. BAK, NL 1126/3, admitted on 10 November 1919.
32. Ibid. receipt of the 14th Alarm Company, 16 May 1920.
33.TB,4, 7,
and 8 November 1919.
On his military activities see in addition TB,
14 November and 1 December 1919.
34.TB,11 December 1919.
35.TB,4 November 1919.
36.TB,1 December 1919.
37.TB,16 January 1920.
38.TB,17 October 1920. The names mentioned are undecipherable.
39. BAK, NL 1126/12, 18 January 1920. Ibid. letters of 20 and 24 March 1920.
40. Ibid. letters of 20 and 24 March 1920.
41. On joining the Einwohnerwehr on 16 May 1920 he received from the Alarm
Company ‘1 rifle with 50 bullets, 1 helmet, 2 bullet holders, 1 satchel’ (receipt)
as well as an Einwohnerwehr booklet. He was a member of the machine-gun
detachment of the 5th District in the Einwohnerwehr; see Programme of 5
August 1920 for the month of August (shooting practice and training evenings
in the gym hall). All documents are in BAK, 1126/1.
42. Ibid. membership card of the Schu
¨
tzengesellschaft Freiweg.
43.
BAK, NL 1126/1.
44.T
B,17 November 1919.
45.TB,11 November 1919.
46.TB,31 December 1919.
47. On Himmler’s early anti-Semitism see also Smith, Himmler, 125 f.
48. The issue of how far Jewish students ought to be allowed to take part in the social
life of their fellow students was intensively discussed in the aftermath of World
War I. Thus the question of whether Jews should be allowed to become members
of the Deutsche Studentenschaft was one of the main subjects for discussion at its
founding meeting in Wu
¨
rzburg in 1919, until finally an ambiguous formula for
membership was worked out. The majority of the Burschenschaften (fraternities)
agreed a resolution at the fraternities conference in 1920 that banned the mem-
bership of Jews and those in ‘mixed marriages’. The Verband der Vereine
Deutscher Studenten (League of German Student Associations) resolved in
1920 that Jews should no longer be eligible to be given ‘satisfaction’ (i.e. allowed
to take part in duels). See Helma Brunck, Die Deutsche Burschenschaft in der
756 endnotes
Weimarer Republik und im Nationalsozialismus (Munich, 1999), esp. 184 ff.; Heike
Stro
¨
le-Bu
¨
hle, Studentischer Antisemitismus in der Weimarer Republik. Eine Analyse der
burschenschaftlichen Bla
¨
tter 1918 bis 1933 (Frankfurt a. M. etc., 1991), esp. 84 ff.; and
Marc Zirlewagen, Der Kyffha
¨
user-Verband der Vereine Deutscher Studenten in der
Weimarer Republik (Cologne, 1999), 65 ff. Also Michael H. Kater, Studentenschaft
und Rechtsradikalismus in Deutschland 1918–1933. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Studie zur
Bildungskrise in der Weimarer Republik (Hamburg, 1975), esp. 146 ff. On the
continuation of anti-Semitic traditions among students from Imperial Germany
see Norbert Kampe, Studenten und ‘Judenfrage’ im Deutschen Kaiserreich. Die Ent-
stehung einer antisemitischen Tra
¨
gerschicht des Antisemitismus (Go
¨
ttingen, 1988).
49. TB, 15 December 1919.
50. TB, 26 December 1919.
51. TB,12 November 1919.
52. TB, 4–9 January 1920.
53. TB, 3 January 1920, refers to the ‘street ballad, which Lu and I are doing for the
benefit of Vienna children, and which we want to sing for the party at Loritz’s’.
On 13 January he wrote about the origin of the piece. In BAK, NL 1126/1
there
is
a programme note, ‘For the children of Vienna’.
54. TB, 25, 28, 30 November, 9, 14, and 30 December 1919, and 13, 20, 23
January 1920.
55. See e.g. TB, 25 January 1920; previously there are entries concerning rehearsals
of the piece, for example on 14 January 1920.
56. TB, 15, 16, 17, 19, and 20 October, 1 and 9 November 1919. Thereafter
Himmler’s visits to the Hagers decreased. On Himmler’s earlier relationship
with Luisa Hager see Smith, Himmler, 67 f. During his stay in the Ingolstadt
hospital he noted of Ottilie Wildermuth’s book Aus dem Frauenleben, ‘Very
suitable for Luisa’ (Leseliste, no. 18).
57. TB, 20 October 1919.
58. TB, 1 November 1919; the same formulation occurs on 2 November 1919.
59. TB, 9 November 1919.
60. TB, 28 October 1919.
61. TB, 30 October 1919.
62.
TB, 2 November 1919.
63.
TB, 5 and 15 November 1919.
64. TB, 17 October and 20 December 1919.
65. TB, 19 October and 13 Novem ber 1919.
66. TB, 24 November, 1, 8, and 19 December 1919.
67. TB, 17, 23, and 29 November 1919.
68. TB, 3 November 1919.
69. TB, 4 November 1919.
70. TB, 8 November 1919, als o 9 November 1919.
71. TB, 7 November 1919.
72. TB, 13 November 1919.
endnotes 757
73.TB,11 November 1919. On his plans to emigrate see Smith, Himmler, 127.
74. In the diary there are numerous entries about his learning Russian, e.g. on the
17, 18, 26, and 27 November, 1, 9, 19, 22, 23, 25, and 29 December 1919,as
well as on the 3 and 13 January 1920.
75.TB,14 November 1919.
76.TB,12, 17, 20–6 November 1919.
77.TB,16 November 1919.
78.TB,26 and 27 November 1919.
79.TB,28 November 1919.
80.TB,30 November 1919.
81.TB,1 and 2, and 7, 8, 11, and 13 Decem
ber 1919.
82.T
B,8 December 1919.
83.TB,10 December 1919.
84.TB,31 December 1919.
85.TB,11 January 1920.
86.TB,12 January 1920: ‘Afterwa rds continued a very unsatisfactory conversation
with Gebhard. A sorting out.’
87.TB,14 January 1920.
88.TB,28 January 1920; on the development of his sexuality see also Smith,
Himmler, 117 ff.
89.TB,24 November 1919.
90.TB,18 December 1919.
91. Leseliste no. 43, Der Priester und der Messnerknabe und andere apokryphe Erza
¨
hlun-
gen (Hanover, 1919). The book was erroneously attributed to Oscar Wilde.
92.TB,30 January 1920.
93.TB,6 December 1919.
94.TB,7 December 1919, similarly on 21 December 1919.
95.TB,31 December 1919: ‘In the evening I read and discussed politics with
fath
er’; 4 – 9 January 1920:
‘On 7.1. and 8 .1. dear Daddy was there until 1 p.m.’;
20 January 1920: ‘Very nice letter from Daddy.’ But see also on 24 November
1919: ‘In the morning I got a letter from father that one felt like sticking up on
the wall. We were both flabbergasted. Gebhard was annoyed. I wasn’t.’ His
personal crisis in spring 1921 is also revealed by two letters from Ludwig Zahler
to him in which the latter gave him advice and tried to cheer him up; BAK, NL
1126/18, 14 and 19 April 1921 ; see also Smith, Himmler, 110.
96. For a classic study see John Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, 3 vols. (London,
1969–80). See also Gottfried Spangler und Peter Zimmermann (eds), Die
Bindungstheorie. Grundlagen, Forschung und Anwendung (Stuttgart, 1995).
97. See Ulrich Herbert, Best. Biographische Studien u
¨
ber Radikalismus, Weltanschau-
ung und Vernunft 1903–1989 (Bonn, 1996), 142 ff.
98. Leseliste no. 36,AlbertLudwigDaiber,Elf Jahre Freimaurer! (Stuttgart, 1905),
26–30 October 1919: ‘A book that says nothing particularly new about Freema-
sonry and portrays it as terribly harmless. I’m dubious about the author’s position.’
758 endnotes
99. Leseliste no. 44 , read 23/4 March 1920. According to his list of reading,
Himmler had evidently not read Flex’s main work, Der Wanderer zwischen
beiden Welten (Munich, 1917), which was probably the most widely read book
by middle-class young people during the post-war years, in which Flex tried
to create a link between the youth movement and the ‘front-line experience’.
100. Leseliste no. 32, read November 1919.
101. Ibid. no. 39, read 23 January– 1 February 1920.
102. Ibid. no. 45, Tagebuch einer Verlorenen: von einer Toten, ed. Margarete Bo
¨
hme
(Berlin, 1905), read March 1920, in Munich and Ingolstadt.
103. Ibid. no. 32, read February 1920.
104. Ibid. no. 47, read 8–17 April 1920.
105. Ibid. no. 51, read 1–10 August 1920.
106. Ibid. no. 50, read 5–7 May 1920. The book’s overarching them e was ‘work
and don’t despair’.
107. Hans Wegener, Wir jungen Ma
¨
nner (Du
¨
sseldorf and Leipzig, 1906), 62.
108. Ibid. 75 f.
109. Leseliste no. 50.
110.B
A
K,NL1126/12, 15 September 1920.
111.BAK,NL1126/3, membership card of the Touring Club; on the journey to
Fridolfing that turned out to be rath er hair-raising on account of the bad
weather see BAK, NL 1126/12, letter to his parents of 9 September 1920;
Smith, Himmler, 130.
112.BAK,NL1126/12, 19 and 26 September, 10 October, and 18 November
1920 as well as 2 June 1921. On his stay in Fridolfing in general see also Smith,
Himmler, 130 ff.
113.BAB,NS19/3535. In autum n 1942 Hauptsturmfu
¨
hrer Rehrl—he joined the
SS in 1936—spent several days at Himmler’s headquarters and accompa nied
him on a trip to the Crimea; in 1943/4 the Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS allocated him KZ
prisoners and Jehovah’s Witnesses, as forced workers for his farm, and, as late
as Christmas 1944, he sent a present to Rehrl’s daughter, see ‘Der Dienstka-
lender Heinrich Himmlers 1941/42’, im Auftrag der Forschungsstelle fu
¨
r Zeit-
geschichte in Hamburg, ed. and introduced Peter Witte et al. (Hamburg, 1999),
20, 22,
and 24–7 Oct
ober, and 1 November 1942; Friedbert Mu
¨
hldorfer,
‘Fridolfing’, in Wolfgang Benz and Barbara Distel (eds), Der Ort des Terrors.
Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, vol. 2: Fru
¨
he Lager,
Dachau, Emslandlager (Munich, 2005), 327; BAB, BDC, SS-O Rehrl.
114.BAK,NL1126/12, 11 November and 14 December 1920, and 6 and 26
February, 7 March, and 22 May 1921.
115. Documents concerning the memberships in BAK, NL 1126/3.
116.BAK,NL1126/12, 10 October 1920 (choral society), 14 May 1921 (peasant
marriage), 2 June 1921 (gymnastics society), 2 June 1921 (Corpus Christi
procession).
endnotes 759