Krishnamurti Bhadriraju. The Dravidian Languages
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
Index
of reconstructions
with glosses
531
muH-/m¯u- adj ‘three’, m¯u-ntu ‘three’(3n-m pl)
[5052], 262–3, 395
m¯u
.
t
.
t-ay ‘bundle’ [5037], 9
m¯u-nk(k)u/-nc- ‘nose, beak’ [5024], 484
m¯unk-¯uc ‘mongoose’ [4900], 12
m¯u
.
l-V- ‘bone marrow’ [5051], 14, 114
mentt-i ‘fenugreek’ [5072], 12
mel-k- ‘to become soft’ [5078], 118
me
.
z-V- ‘to plaster’ [5082], 118
m¯e-/m¯e-l ‘above, high’ [5086], 137; see mic-al
m¯e-nkkV ‘goat’ [5087], 12
m¯ey ‘to graze’ [5093], 137–8, 194
m¯el, m¯e
t-kk- ‘the high place, west’ [5086], 14
m¯e
.
zi ‘plough handle’ [5097], 9
moc-Vr ‘buttermilk’ SD I [4902], 8
moy-al ‘hare’ PSD [4968], 110
mo
.
z-V- ‘joint’, mo
.
z-am k¯al/-kay ‘knee/elbow
joint’ [4990 + 1479/2023], 484
mo
.
z-V- ‘to speak’ [4989], 15
m¯oc-/moc-V-
.
l ‘crocodile’ [4952], 13
y
AH, y ¯AH/y ¯A ‘which’ (interrogative root)
[5151], 256–8, 390, 407
y ¯
A
.
tu ‘goat, sheep’ [5152], 12, 143
y ¯
A
.
n
.
t-u ‘year’ [5153], 14
y ¯
Atu ‘river, stream’ [5159], 13
y ¯
An/yAn-(< yAH-n-) ‘I’ (1sg) [5160],
y¯am/yam-(<yaH-m-) ‘we’ (1pl excl) [5154,
5160], 20, 46, 98, 246–8, 269, 308
y ¯
An-ay ‘elephant’ [516], 12
y ¯
Am-ay, ?c¯am-p- ‘tortoise’ [5155], 13, see
c¯amp-
y ¯
Amp ( ?<h¯amp-<c¯amp-) ‘tortoise’ [5155],
143
y ¯
A-w-ant-/-at ‘who, what’ [5151], 46; see
ya(a)H
y ¯
A
.
l ‘to rule’ [5157], 8, 143
wak-ay ‘to deliberate’ SD I, Te. [5205], 14
wac-V
t ‘stomach, foetus’ SD I, wac-V-(kk)SD
II except Te., was-Vr-/-nc- Tu.[5259], 14,
484
wa
.
t-a-kku ‘north’ PSD [5218], 14, 391
wa
t-∼watt-/wat-V- ‘to dry up’ [5320], 98, 164
wa
t-V- ‘cook, fry’ [5325], 9
way- ‘to throw’ aux SD II, 380ff.
war-i ˜nci ‘rice’ [5265], 5, 9
war-V- ‘scratch, draw lines’ [5263], 14
wal ‘strong’, wal-a kay ‘right hand’ [5276],
394
wa
.
li ‘wind’ [5312], 13, 202
wa
.
z-V-t ‘brinjal’ [5301], 12
waH-/waH-r (past wa-nt- <war-nt-SDI,CD,
ND; wa-cc-/w¯a-tt- SD II) ‘to come’ [5270],
142,198, 278, 295–6
w¯an-am ‘sky’ [5381], 13
w¯an-ay ‘a large earthen pot to store grain’
[4124, 5327],
9; cf.
w¯an/wan-V- ‘to fashion,
form (as a pot)’
w¯ay ‘mouth (edge, beak, mouth of vessel,
aperture, blade of sword)’ [5352], 484
w¯ay-/way-V- ‘open space, paddy field’ [5258],
8–9, 154
w¯ay-cc-i ‘sword’ [5399], 9
w¯a
.
l ‘sword’ [5376], 9
w¯a
.
z ‘to flourish’ [5372], 194, 279
w¯a
.
z-ay ‘banana’ SD I [5373], 12
wi
.
t-u ‘to leave’ PSD [5340], 112, 113
witt-V ‘seed’, ‘to sow’ [5401], 115
wir-al ‘finger’ SD I, wir-and/-anj SD II, CD
[5409], 483
wiri-nk- ‘to open, crack’, wiri-nkk- v.t. ‘to
open, split’ [5411], 190–1
wiri ˜nc- ‘finger’ [5409], 6
wil ‘bow’ [5422], 9, 100
wil- ‘to sell’, wil-ay ‘price’ [5421], 9, 181,
199, 205
w¯ı
.
tu ‘abode’ [5393], 6, 8
w¯ı
.
z-/wi
.
z-V- ‘to fall’ [5430], 112, 113
wekk- ∼ wek-V- ‘to hiccup, a hiccup’ [5383],
165
wec-/wey- ‘roast, fry, heat’ [5517], 9, 13
we
.
n-
.
ney (< we
.
l + ney ‘white oil’) ‘butter’
[5496b], 8, 9, 200
wet-V- v.t. ‘to search’, ‘to marry’ ND [5483],
11
weruku ‘cat’ [5490], 12
we
.
l/we
.
n ‘white’, we
.
l
.
l-ay, we
.
l-u-ppu
‘whiteness’, cf. Te. we
.
n
.
di ‘silver’
(< we
.
l-nt-) [5496a, b], 10, 14, 205, 391
we
.
l-V- ‘wood-apple’ [5509], 12
w¯e
.
n
.
t-V (<w¯e
.
l-nt-) ‘to want, desire’ PSD
[5528], 112–13, 278
w¯ent-an
tu ‘king, god’ [5529, 5530, 5504], 7,
also fn 7
w¯e-mpu ‘neem tree’ [5531], 12
w¯e
.
n-
.
tta ‘hunting’ [5527], 9
w¯ey ‘to thatch’ [5532], 8
w¯ey-i ‘1000’, cf. wey-am ‘extensiveness’
[5404], 14
532 Index
of reconstructions
with glosses
w¯er ‘root’ [5535], 117–18
w¯e
.
l (<
∗
weH-
.
l ) ‘to desire’ [5528], 11, 95; see
w¯e
.
n
.
t-V
Vb
i
+ taH- complex verb stem SD I, SD II,
373
Vbinf + k¯u
.
tu ‘Vb + suit’
(permissive/prohibitive) SD I, SD II, 374ff.
Vbinf + ciy- ‘Vb + give’ (permissive) SD II,
380–3
Vbinf + pa
.
tu- ‘Vb + suffer’ (passive) SD I,
374ff.
Vbinf + w¯e
.
n
.
tu ‘Vb + must’ (obligative) SD I,
374ff.
Vbppl + iru- ‘Vb + to be’ (perfective) SD I,
374ff.
Vbppl + ¯a ‘Vb + to be’ (completive) SD I,
376ff
Vbppl + ko
.
tu ‘Vb + give’ (benefactive) SD I,
374ff.
Vbppl + ko
.
l-/ko
.
n- ‘Vb + take’ (reflexive)
374ff.
Vbppl + p¯o- ‘Vb + go’ (exhaustive) SD I, SD
II, 374ff.
Vbppl + wi
.
tu ‘Vb + leave’ (completive) SD I,
374ff.
(-w)-in∼ -im/-ir imperative sg/pl SD I, 357–8
B. Bound forms (grammatical
markers)
-a/-i oblique markers, 225–6
-a
tt 1pl incl marker in verbs SD II, some CD
and ND, 309–10
-a
tt obl marker SD I, SD II, aw-att-, 222–3
-at n-m sg, 212–17
-ad/-aw 3n-m sg/pl SD II, 311
-an accusative case marker, 228–30
-an obl marker in n-h dem pronouns SD I, SD
II; at-an-, it-an-, et-an-, aw-an-, iw-an-,
ew-an-, Pre-Tel. obls of demonstrative and
interrogative stems, 222–3
-an-Ø (<an-
t-) 3m sg SD I, 308
-an/-in oblique markers, 221–24, 226
-an
t-/-want 3hum m suffix, -an/-wan SD I,
212–17, 308
-an-
tt-/-in-tt complex oblique makers, 224–5
-am-t-am (deverbal noun formative),
opp-antam ‘agreement’ SD I, Te. [924], 200
-ay accusative case marker, 227–8
-ay∼i/-ir 2sg/pl ND, 312
-ar/-¯ar 3h pl SD I, 308
-ar/-war m pl/hum pl, 212–17
-al infinitive-nominal marker, 346–7
-(w)-in∼ -im/-ir imperative sg/pl SD I, 357–8
-a(w) 3neu pl SD I, 308
-aw non-m pl/non-h pl, 212–17
-a
.
l/-¯a
.
l 3f sg
SD I, 211
–17, 308
-aH-aH/-¯aH negation marker in verbs, 46,
348–51
-¯a clitic (interrogative), 388, 416–18
-¯an/-an/-a infinitive markers, 346–7
-¯al/-¯an instrumental case markers, 237
-a/-i past-participle marker, 335
-i- ∼ -in- past-tense marker, 291, 296–8, 300–1
-i f sg suffix in derivation, 212–17
-(i)kk-ay (noun formative), k¯oru ‘to desire’,
k¯or-i-kk-ay n. ‘wish, desire’ PSD, 200
-i-tt/-a-tt-/-tt-i /-tt-a- complex oblique markers,
226
-il/-in locative case markers, 239
-in/-il conditional non-finite verb marker, 338
-
˘
¯ı,-
˘
¯
ay 2sg suffix in finite verbs SD I, 308–9
-
˘
¯ır(replacing older -¯ı m ) 2pl suffix in finite
verbs SD I, 308
-um ‘also, totality, any/one (added to
interrogative forms), and, even’
(coordinating suffix), 413–15, 498
-um aorist future marker, 305–7, 500
-u
.
l/-u
.
l-a- locative postposition, 241; see u
.
l-
-¯e clitic (emphatic), 388, 415–16, 496, 498
-¯e clitic (interrogative), 500
-¯en/-¯em conditional non-finite verb marker,
338
-¯o clitic (dubitative-alternative), 388, 41
-o
.
tu/-¯o
.
tu sociative case marker SD I, 237
-k-a/-kk-a (non-past + infinitive) optative
marker SD I, SD II, 362
-k/-nk non-past intransitive, -kk/-nkk non-past
transitive markers, 290, 301–4
-kk- past-tense marker, 291, 299–300
-c/-cc past-tense marker, 193, 195, 291,
298–300
-cc tansitive–causative suffix, 285–6, 290, 300
-cc-i(n) perfective participle/gerund marker, a
sequence of two past allomorphs -cc- and
-i(n)- PSD, PCD, 105, 193, 291, 331–3,
496, 499
-t-al-ay (complex noun formative), oppu-talay
‘agreement’ SD I, Te. [924], 200
Index
of reconstructions
with glosses
533
-tu/-ttu ppl marker SD I, 331
-tV- non-past marker, 304–5
-t/-nt past intransitive, -tt/-ntt past transitive,
290, 291
-tt oblique marker, 218–21, 226 ; -tt-i-n/-tt-a-n
complex oblique markers, 226
-tt- past marker SD II, 471, 499
-tt- transitive–causative suffix, 193–4, 279–83,
290
-t-/-tt- past-tense markers, 291–4 300–1
-t-en-g infinitive marker SD II, 346
-nk(k)-V
.
l (non-human plural suffixes) SD I,
206–7, 213–17
-nkk dative case marker, 230–33
-ntu aorist marker, 187
-n-
tt-a/-ntt-i complex oblique markers, 226
-n- non-past/future marker, 307
-nV oblique marker in nominals, 224, 226
- p[-w-]/-mp intransitive non-past marker, -pp/
-mpp transitive non-past markers, 290,
301–4, 341–8
-pp- transitive–causative marker, 193–4, 279,
282–83, 286, 290
-pi (∼ -wi- ∼ -ppi-) causative suffix, 20, 283–6
-pi-ntt/-mpp∼ -ppi-ntt/-ppi-mpp- causative
suffixes followed by past and non-past
morphemes (> palatalized variants:
-wi-ncc-/-pi-ncc- of PSD), 284–6, 290,
496–7
-may (abstract noun formative), per-u-may
‘abundance’ SD
, 200; see
p¯er/per-V- ‘to
grow’
-wa negation marker in verbs SD II, 353–4
-(w)-in∼ -im/-ir imperative sg/pl SD I,
357–8
-V
tt 1pl incl ND, 312
-Vd 3n-h sg ND, 312
-Vn
t/-Vr 3m sg/h pl ND, 312
-Vn accusative marker, 495, 498
-Vn infinitive marker, 348
-
˘
¯
Vn 1sg suffix in finite verbs, 308–12
-Vm/-dV imperative sg/pl SD II, 358–60
-
˘
¯
Vm 1pl suffix in finite verbs, 308–12
-Vr (hum pl suffix), 206–7, 213–17
-V
.
l (non-hum pl suffix) CD, Tel., 206–7,
213–17
GENERAL INDEX
[Note: Only the unabbreviated names of languages occurring in the running text are listed below.]
Abbi, Anvita, 485, 488
adjectives, 395ff.; basic and derived, 395–406;
basic: limiting and descriptive, descriptive,
demonstrative and interrogative, 388–90;
simple, complex, or compound, 390
adverbs, of time, place and manner, 407
Afro-Asiatic, 46
Agesthialingom, S. and Srinivasa Varma,
G. (eds.), 375
Aikhenvald, A. Y., 206
Aikhenvald, A. Y., Dixon, R. M. W. and
Onishi, Masayoshi (eds.), 425
Albanian, 15
Altaic, 43, 45, 46
alternation(s), 95ff; between long and short
vowels, 96–8; i/e and u/o in Proto-South
Dravidian, 101–4; in root-final consonants,
94–5; in syllable length or weight, 95–6;
languages showing c-/t-, 125; languages
showing c-/t-/Ø-, 125; of a-/e- and ¯a-/
¯
e-
after
∗
y-, 143; ; lexical items showing c-/Ø-,
124
Alto, Pentti, 43
¯
Alu Kurumba, 121, 398, 487
anaphora, 466–8
¯
Andhram (= Telugu), 23
Andronov, M. S., 39, 59, 266–8, 306, 350,
364, 389, 412, 490–1
Annamalai, E., 128
Anriquez, Anrique, 17
Arabic, 22, 27, 69
Aravam (= Tamil), 22
arguments, 424; core and peripheral,
424–5
Aryan(s), 3; Rgvedic, 3
Asher, R. E., 219, 222, 271, 375, 396, 408,
413, 415, 418
Asher, R. E. and Kumari, T. C., 23, 35, 49, 53,
59, 63, 219, 222, 271, 420, 426, 430, 446–7,
449, 458, 467
A´sokan Br¯ahm¯ı, 78
Austerlitz, R., 43
auxiliary verbs, 374ff., functional
classification of , 374–87
Avestan, 36
¯aytam, 53, 154–5
Ba
.
daga, 25, 35, 51, 67, 105, 115, 121, 141,
182, 224, 228, 231, 234–5, 237, 494
Badagu/Vadagu (= Ba
.
daga), 25
Balakrishnan, R., 24, 51, 54, 64, 378, 397,
413, 417
Balochi, 27, 39, 58, 405–6, 412, 491
Basque, 43
Bengali, 40, 235, 487
Bharata, 501
Bhaskararao, P., 26, 74, 211, 232, 243, 328,
333, 386, 403, 411, 416, 419–20
Bhat, D. N. S., 24–5, 27, 52, 54, 61, 67–8, 219,
235, 273, 300, 318, 379–80, 389, 417
Bhattacharya, S., 26, 32, 57, 71, 73, 229, 243,
275, 304, 327–8, 386, 402–3, 405, 411
Bloch, Jules, 31, 37–9, 144, 205, 210, 217,
251, 267–9, 353–4, 364, 389
Bomhard, Allan R. and Kerns, John C., 46
Bouda, K., 43
Br¯aʔ¯u¯ı, Br¯ah¯u¯ı(= Brahui), 27
Brahui, 3, 5, 11, 14, 17, 19–20, 27, 31–33, 52,
58, 77, 99, 118, 123, 126, 129–30, 133,
136–8, 141–2, 146, 152–3, 156, 166, 172,
536 Gener
al index
175–6, 186–7, 193, 207, 209, 212–13, 215,
217, 221, 226–8, 230, 232, 235, 237–9, 243,
251, 255, 258, 260–1, 276, 279, 282–3, 297,
299–300, 302, 304, 307, 312, 330, 333, 335,
341, 345, 347–8, 353, 361, 386–7, 405, 407,
412, 414, 422, 484, 490–3, 502; vowel
changes in, 118; nasal split in, 137–9
Bray, Denys De S., 27, 58, 77, 221, 276,
405–6, 412, 414
Breton, R. J-L., 27
Brigel, J., 19, 24
Britto, F., 480
Brown, C. P., 18
Burnell, A. C., 79
Burrow, T., 25–6, 31–2, 37, 43, 45, 56–7, 71,
73, 99, 101, 106, 122–5, 128, 130, 139–40,
143, 152, 288, 304, 324, 326–7, 332, 372,
384–5, 386, 389, 402–3, 410–11, 489
Burrow, T. and Bhattacharya, S., 25–6, 32,
56–7, 71, 73, 129, 146–7, 203–10, 221, 229,
237, 239, 242, 288, 304, 326–7, 332, 372,
385–6, 402–3, 410–11, 489
Caldwell, R., 1, 2, 5, 17, 30, 37, 41, 43, 179,
180, 195–8, 218, 267, 278, 305, 389, 406
Campbell, A. D., 3
Campbell, L., 16, 46
Canarese/Kanarese (= Kanna
.
da), 17, 23
Carnataca/Cannadi (= Kanna
.
da), 16
case markers, 227ff; accusative
∗
-ay,
∗
-Vn,
227–30; dative
∗
-nkk, 230–33; genitive,
∗
-a/
∗
-i, 233–5; instrumental–sociative, *¯an/¯al;
locative,
∗
-il/-in, 238–9; sociative -
¯
o
.
tu, -t
¯
o,
235–7
causative stems, 283; by the addition of
∗
-pi,
283–5
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., 2, 3
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Menozzi, P. and Piazza,
A., 501
Central Dravidian, 7, 10, 31, 33–5, 68, 93–6,
98–9, 102, 104–6, 117–18, 122, 126, 131–3,
135, 139–41, 143, 146–51, 153, 157, 162–4,
166, 168–9, 172–7, 183, 186–8, 190, 193,
206–9, 211–17, 221, 224, 226, 229, 232,
234, 236–7, 239, 243, 246, 248–51, 255–6,
258, 260–3, 269–70, 275, 393, 395, 402,
407, 410, 414, 416, 418–19, 480, 490,
492–4, 498–500, 502
Chatterji, S. K., 31, 38, 41, 144
Classical Tamil, 185, 213, 222, 233, 331,
395–6
Classical Telugu, 188–9
classifiers, 405; in numeral phrases Malto
extensively uses, 405
clauses(s), 440; action, 448–50; adverbial,
452–4; correlative relative, 447–8; factive,
447; finite predicate, 450ff.; infinitive,
442–3, noun, 444; non-finite verb, 440–2;
pronominalized relati
ve, 446; relative,
444–6
clefting, 425; shift of focus by, 425–8
clitics, 412–19;
∗
-um coordinating, 413–15;
∗
-
¯
e emphatic, 415–16;
∗
-
¯
a interrogative,
416–18;
∗
-
¯
o dubitative-alternative, 419
Codagu (= Ko
.
dagu), 16
Cole, R. A., 19, 24
compounds, 200–4; reconstructible, 200–4
Comrie, B., 252
coordination, 454; ‘and’, 454–5; ‘or’, 455–6;
‘but’, 456–7
Coorgi (= Ko
.
dagu), 24
Corbett, G., 210
Dakkhini Urdu, 478
Daniels, P. and Bright, W. O., 78
Das, S. K., 387
David, Anne, 341–6
derivational suffixes, 199–200
Deshpande, M. M., 36–7
Diffloth, G., 24, 50
Dixon, R. M. W., 252, 388–9, 420, 424–5
Dixon, R. M. W. and Aikhenvald, A. Y.,
424–5
Dolgopolsky, A. E., 45–6
Dr¯avi
.
d¯ı(= Tamil), 2, 22
Dr¯avi
.
da-bh¯a
.
sa-, 1
Drami
.
da, 2
Dramila, 2
Dravi
.
da, 1–2
Dravidian, 1; a shared feature of Indo-Aryan
and, 40; adverbs are not an independent part
of speech in, 407; and Elamite, 44; and
Harappan, 47; and Indo-Aryan, 35; and
Japanese, 45; and Nostratic, 45; and
Ural-Altaic, 42; as a generic name of the
major language family, 1; convergence and
cultural fusion between Indo-Aryan and, 37;
convergence between Indo-Aryan and,
414–5; loanwords from, 37; major literary
languages (of), 20; markers of tense and
voice in Early, 278; minor literary and
non-literary languages (of ), 24;
Gener
al index
537
phonotactics of, 277–8; prehistory and
culture, 1; studies, past and present (of ), 30;
substratum in Aryan, 40–1; the name,1
Dravidian languages, 3; are agglutinating in
structure, 28; are of the OV type, 29; are
rich in kinship organization, 10; as a family,
16ff.; disproving the Sanskrit origin of, 17;
earlier attempts at subgrouping, 420;
expansion of the speakers of, 3; family tree
of, 21; geographical distribution and
demographic details (of), 19; names of, 19;
new symbols in the inscriptions peculiar to,
79; substratum, 15; centre of origin of, 3;
subgrouping of, 492; typological features
of, 27; unmarked order of constituents in a
sentence is SOV in, 420
Driberg, J. G., 19, 25
Driberg J. G. and Harrison, H. J., 25
Droese, E., 19, 27, 30, 298, 329, 412
¨
E
rla (= Iru
.
la), 24
Early Dravidian, 131
Early Tamil, 224, 471, 502
Early Telugu, 223
Ebert, K., 24, 250, 272, 316, 378, 397, 406,
413, 439
echo word(s), 299n
Elamite, 3, 44, 45
Elfenbein, J., 27, 52, 58, 76–7, 141–2, 387,
405, 422, 491
Ellis, F. W., 16, 17
Emeneau, M. B., 6, 24–7, 31–2, 34, 37–9,
41–2, 45, 50–4, 57, 59, 65–6, 72, 76, 101,
108–9, 112–15, 118–19, 121–31, 137, 139,
145, 148, 152, 157, 166, 168, 182, 191–2,
195, 200, 204, 210, 219, 221, 228, 234, 260,
262, 266, 298–300, 316, 330, 338, 350, 379,
385, 389, 397, 402, 405, 407, 410, 414, 417,
471, 474, 485–7, 490
Emeneau, M. B. and Burrow, T., 471
Emeneau, M. B. and Hart, K., 407, 486
English, 7, 15–16, 18–19, 24, 40–1, 44, 49,
51–2, 59–60, 69, 235, 252, 277, 331, 415,
424, 430–1, 436, 447–8, 478–9, 481–2
Erukala, 209, 212
Eskimo, 45–6
Eskimo–Aleut, 46
Eurasiatic (family), 45–6
Fenno-Ugric, 43
Ferguson, C. A., 22, 480
finite verbs, 212, 312–65; durative or
progressive, 362–5; gender-number marking
in, 212; imperative singular and plural,
357–61; in the past and non-past, 312–30;
the optative mood, 361–2
Firth, J. R., 112
Fitzgerald, A. G., 25
formative suffixes, 181; as earlier inflectional
suffixes, 182–4; variability of, 181ff.
Friend-Pereira, J. E., 260, 263
Gadaba, 19–20, 26, 57, 74, 117, 122, 133, 135,
164, 169, 175, 189, 209, 211, 216, 221, 224,
232, 235, 238, 243, 255, 258, 260, 263, 285,
295, 297, 304–5, 311, 328, 333, 335, 337–8,
345, 347, 386, 403, 407, 411, 416, 418–19,
489, 492
Gai, G. S., 106, 121, 141, 214, 285
gender (and number), 205; identification and
definition (of), 205–17; subsystems,
207–10; reconstruction of Proto-Dravidian,
210–12
Gentoo (= Telugu), 16, 23
George, K. M., 245
Glazov, Y., 187, 302, 304, 306
glide fortition, 141–2
Gondi dialects, 127;
∗
c- >s-> h- >Ø- in,
127–8
Gondi, 3, 5, 10, 17, 19, 25, 31–3, 35, 52, 55–6,
69, 87, 106, 108, 118–19, 122–3, 125, 127,
133–4, 145–8, 153, 155, 158, 160, 164, 166,
169, 172–3, 177, 183, 198, 209, 212, 214,
220, 223–6, 229, 231, 234–9, 242–3, 249,
251–2, 255, 257, 260, 262, 264–5, 268, 270,
280, 282, 285–6, 288–9, 293, 295, 297, 303,
308–11, 321–2, 332, 334–6, 338–40, 343,
346, 351–3, 356, 359–60, 364, 366, 369,
373, 390, 400, 407, 416–17, 419, 474
489–90, 492, 502
Gondi–Ko
.
n
.
da–Kui–Kuvi, 489
Gondi–Kui–Kuvi–Pengo–Man
.
da, 148, 151
Gondi–Telugu, 492
Gopalakrishnan, N., 473, 476, 480
Gowda (a dialect of Kanna
.
da), 208, 214, 217
Graul, K., 17
Greek, 5, 15, 22
Greenberg, J. E., 45, 217
Grierson, G. A., 30
Grignard, A., 26, 58, 74–5, 260, 280, 386,
404
Gujarati, 40, 175
538 Gener
al index
Gundert, H., 18, 37, 180
Gurov, N., 6, 38
Hahn, F., 26, 269, 276, 281, 300, 345, 360–1,
372–3, 387, 404
H¯alakki (a Kanna
.
da dialect), 208–9, 217
Halbi (a dialect of Hindi), 403, 411
Harappa civilization, 15
Haridas Bhat, K. S. and Upadhyaya, U. P., 24
Hebrew, 5
Hindi, 235, 277, 333, 343, 345, 386, 400, 404,
416, 427, 448
Hislop, S., 19, 25
Hock, H. H., 42, 486, 488
Hockings, P. and Pilot-Raichoor, C., 6, 25, 51,
67, 121
Illiˇc–Svityˇc, 45, 46
Indo-Aryan, 1, 11, 15–16, 26–8, 31–3, 35–42,
47, 49, 52, 56, 58, 69, 78, 85, 93, 116–18,
131, 134–6, 141–2, 154, 175, 177, 207,
229–30, 233, 235, 240, 259, 279, 329,
343–4, 372, 386, 390, 403, 405, 411–12,
414, 416–18, 422, 435, 447–8, 459, 470–5,
485–6, 488, 491, 493–4; contact between
the speakers of Dravidian and, 35; the
impact of non-Aryan on, 38–9
Indo-European, 1, 5–6, 15, 17, 37–8, 45, 47,
414, 488
Indus civilization, 3; the language of, 3
interrogative, 256, 416, 423; clitics, 416–19;
pronouns 256–8; sentences, 423–4
Iru
.
la, 4, 24–5, 27, 34–5, 48–50, 54–5, 65, 99,
105, 109, 112–13, 115, 146, 177, 207,
218–19, 222, 227, 230–31, 233, 248, 280,
290, 302, 308, 315, 346, 378, 398, 495, 498,
502; aphaeresis in, 115–16
Irula (= Iru
.
la), 4, 24, 50, 490, 502
Israel, M., 25, 56, 71, 185, 205–6, 220, 237,
242, 267–8, 296, 303, 344, 385, 401, 410,
416
J¯enu Ku
rumba (a dialect of Kurumba), 121
Jhungare, I. Y., 40
Joseph, P. M., 2
Joy Reddy, 344
Kameswari, T. M., 491
Kanarese/Canarese (= Kanna
.
da), 23
Kanna
.
da, 7, 17, 19–23, 35, 48, 61, 78–81,
83–5, 87, 89, 101, 105–6, 109, 115–16,
119–22, 129–30, 133–4, 139, 141, 149–50,
152, 154–5, 159, 164, 166, 169, 171–4, 177,
183, 187–90, 195, 198, 207–9, 211, 214,
217–18, 222, 224–5, 228, 231, 234–7, 240,
243, 247–8, 254, 257, 261, 266, 268–9, 272,
280–2, 290–1, 293–4, 297–8, 302, 306, 348,
350–1, 355,
361
–3, 370–1, 379,
389, 393,
396–7, 407–9, 413–16, 418, 432, 434–6,
440, 443, 455–6, 459, 461, 463, 470–1,
473, 477–82, 487–8, 490, 493, 494–5, 498,
502
Kapp, D. B., 24, 50–1, 54, 64, 105, 111, 472,
478, 487
Kashmiri, 175
Kekunnaya, P., 100, 105, 115–17, 127, 153,
318, 334, 375
Khond/Ku (= Kui/Kuvi), 17
Kittel, F., 19, 37
Klaiman, M. H., 40
Ko
.
dagu, 6, 11, 19, 24, 27, 31–2, 51, 54–5, 64,
87, 99, 104–5, 111–13, 115–16, 119, 133,
139, 141, 159, 164, 166–7,169, 170–2, 174,
182, 184, 189–90, 192–3, 207–9, 214,
218–19, 224, 226–7, 230–1, 238, 240,
248–50, 254, 257, 269–70, 272, 280,
289–90, 294, 297, 302, 315–16, 331, 336–7,
339, 346, 350, 355, 358, 378, 397, 407, 409,
413, 415, 417–18, 493, 495, 498, 502
Kolami, 4, 19, 20, 24, 26, 31, 32, 48, 56, 57,
72, 122, 133, 139, 145, 162, 164, 166, 169,
175, 209, 215, 221, 224, 229, 232, 234,
236–9, 243, 247–50, 255, 258, 260, 262–4,
270, 283, 285, 297–8, 301, 304–5, 307, 311,
325, 332–5, 337, 340–1, 344, 347, 360, 364,
366, 402, 407, 410, 412, 417, 489–90, 492,
495, 498, 501
Kolami–Gadaba, 489
Kolami–Naiki, 4, 56, 139, 175, 250, 297, 333,
498, 501
Kolami–Naiki–Parji–Gadaba, 492
Kolami–Naiki–Parji–Ollari–Gadaba, 492
Kolami–Parji, 490
Ko
.
n
.
da, 3, 26, 34, 52, 55–6, 59, 87, 106, 133,
146–7, 150, 158, 160–3, 165–7, 175, 177,
189, 190, 195, 198, 209, 212, 214, 220–3,
225–6, 228–9, 231, 234–7, 239, 242–3, 249,
251, 255, 257, 260, 268, 274, 279, 281–2,
285, 289, 297, 303, 307–8, 310, 322, 331,
334–6, 338–9, 365–9, 372–3, 383–4, 400,
Gener
al index
539
402, 410–11, 417–18, 489, 492, 497, 499,
502
Ko
.
n
.
da–Kui–Kuvi–Pengo–Man
.
da, 151, 497
Konda (= Ko
.
n
.
da), 3
Koraga, 19, 25, 27, 35, 68, 95, 100, 104, 149,
159, 219, 222, 224, 300, 308–9, 318–19,
374, 398, 490, 502
Korean–Japanese–Ainu, 46
Koskinen, K., 20
Kota, 4, 9, 17, 19, 25, 31, 32, 34–5, 50–1,
53–4, 65, 100, 105, 111–12, 114–16, 119,
121–2, 146, 148, 153, 164, 167, 169–72,
174, 182, 192, 207–8, 212–14, 218–19, 222,
224, 228, 230–1, 233, 235, 237–8, 241, 249,
254, 257, 262, 269, 270, 285–6, 288–9,
291, 294, 297–8, 300, 302, 309, 315–16,
319, 331, 334, 336, 338, 342, 346, 348, 350,
353, 355, 358, 374, 379, 407, 411–12, 414,
471, 485, 490, 492, 495, 502; vowel shift,
114–15
Koya (a dialect of Gondi), 3, 25, 122, 127,
173, 285, 334, 343, 356, 359, 360, 369
Krishnamurti, Bh., 5, 11, 17, 23, 26, 30, 32–5,
39–41, 43, 45, 49, 52–3, 55–6, 59–61, 68–9,
90–3, 95–9, 101, 103–8, 115, 117–19,
122–6, 127–32, 137–9, 142–4, 151–2, 154,
156–8, 160–2, 167, 173, 176–7, 180–2, 189,
193, 195–9, 207–12, 214, 216, 220, 226,
234, 237, 242, 245, 249, 267–8, 274, 280,
285, 288, 292–3, 303, 326, 343–4, 347–8,
362, 366, 372, 381, 383, 384, 398, 399–400,
410, 415, 419–20, 425, 427, 435, 441–2,
444, 446–7, 452, 457–8, 479–81, 490–2,
495
Krishnamurti, Bh. and Gwynn, J. P. L., 23, 35,
52, 274, 343, 347, 398, 399, 410, 415,
419–20, 425, 427, 441–2, 444, 446–7, 452,
457–8
Krishnamurti, Bh. and Mukherji, A., 481
K
.
r
.
s
.
nadevar¯aya, 479
K¯ubi (= Ko
.
n
.
da), 26, 34
Kudagu or Coorg (= Ko
.
dagu), 17
Kui, 10, 14, 17, 19, 25–6, 31–3, 35, 52, 55, 56,
57, 70, 87, 91, 94–5, 97, 99–108, 119,
121–3, 125–30, 132–3, 135–8, 140, 142–3,
146–53, 156, 158–60, 162–70, 173–5, 177,
185–7, 189, 191, 195–6, 198, 201–3, 208–9,
215, 220–1, 223–8, 230, 232, 234, 236, 237,
239, 242–7, 249–53, 255, 257, 260–4,
267–8, 275, 280, 281–3, 287, 289, 292–7,
299, 303–4, 307, 309–10, 322–3, 331–2,
334, 336, 338, 340, 343–4, 346–7, 351–4,
356, 359–60, 364, 366, 369, 372–3, 384–5,
391–3, 401, 416–17, 419, 474, 483–4, 489,
492, 494, 497, 502
Kui–Kuvi, 87, 99, 105–6, 108, 135, 146, 148,
152, 158, 163, 167, 169, 173–4, 177, 195,
202, 260, 281, 364, 366, 489
Kui–Kuvi–Pengo–Man
.
da, 105, 173, 177, 289,
384, 492
K¯uinga/Kandh/Khond/K¯odu (= Kui/Kuvi), 25
Kuiper, F. B. J., 35–7, 39, 42
Kum¯arilabha
.
t
.
ta, 1–2
Kumaraswami Raja, N., 34, 50, 167, 171–2,
195
Ku
rumba, 4, 19, 24, 25, 35, 48, 49, 51, 54, 64,
99, 105, 111–12, 121, 141, 146, 174, 177,
207–8, 212, 227–8, 230–1, 248, 270, 490,
493, 495, 502
Ku
.
rux, 26, 31, 47–8, 87, 129, 133, 141–2, 145,
155, 159, 164, 16, 169, 172, 176, 182, 193,
210–11, 212–13, 215–16, 224, 226, 229,
233, 237–9, 243, 248, 255–6, 258–60, 269,
276, 279–80, 289–92, 299–300, 305, 307–8,
310, 328–9, 333, 335, 341, 347, 353, 360,
369–70, 372, 386–7, 404, 407, 411, 414,
490–1, 500
Kurukh (= Ku
.
rux), 26
Kurumba (= Ku
rumba), 4
Kushalappa Gowda, K., 214
Kuvi, 10, 19, 25–6, 31–3, 35, 52, 55–57, 71,
91, 95, 97, 100–1, 103, 105–7, 119, 121–3,
125–8, 130–3, 135–8, 140, 142–4, 146–51,
153–6, 159–60, 163–6, 168, 170, 172, 175,
184–5, 192, 195, 198, 201–4, 208–9, 215,
220, 223–4, 226–8, 230, 232, 234, 236–7,
239, 242–3, 245, 247, 249, 251–3, 255–7,
260–2, 266, 391–4, 401, 410, 416–17, 419,
474, 483–4, 486, 489, 492, 494, 497, 502
Lahanda, 142, 175
Lambada, 4
laryngeal
∗
H, 292, 350; OTa. pa
.
htu preserved
the Proto-Dravidian, 265
Latin, 5, 17, 45
Leech, R., 19
Lehmann, T., 35, 53, 61, 62, 270, 375–7, 408,
413, 418, 420, 425, 430, 432, 435, 441, 442,
446, 448, 449, 467–8
Letchmajee, L., 19, 25, 260, 263
540 Gener
al index
lexical compounds, 370–3; combinations of an
uninflected main verb and an auxiliary are
treated as, 373
lexicostatistics, studies in, 490
Lind, A. A., 25
linguistic area, 38; India as a, 38
Literary Telugu, 188, 320
Lithuanian, 15
loanwords, 470; Indo-Aryan, 470–8; from
Perso-Arabic sources, 478; from western
languages: Portuguese and English,
478–9
Magadhan languages, 142
Mahadeva Sastri, K., 242, 409
Mahadevan, I., 22, 47, 85, 283, 472
Mahapatra, B. P., 27, 58, 76, 129, 145, 182,
210–11, 232, 239, 260, 281, 292, 298,
329–30, 361, 373, 387, 404–5, 412
Malab¯ari (=Tamil), 22
Malabarian language (=Tamil), 17
Malay¯a
.
lam, 7, 19–23, 31, 48, 49, 53–5, 59, 63,
84–9, 92–3, 101–2, 106, 113, 119, 128, 130,
133–4, 136, 138–41, 149, 152, 159, 163,
166–71, 173–4, 176–7, 182, 189, 197,
206–7, 212–13, 218–19, 222, 224–7, 230–1,
233, 237–8, 240, 245, 248–9, 253–4, 257,
261, 269–71, 279–80, 287–90, 294, 296–8,
301–2, 306–7, 315, 331, 334–8, 342, 346,
348, 353, 357–8, 361–3, 377–8, 389, 396,
407–9, 413, 415, 418, 434, 436, 438–40,
443, 446, 449, 455, 458, 40, 464, 469–71,
473, 475–6, 480, 487–8, 490–2, 495,
498
Malayalma (Malay¯a
.
lam), 16
M¯aler¯ı(= Malto), 27
Mallory, J. P., 6, 15
Malto, 13, 16–17, 19–20, 27, 58, 76, 87,
129–30, 133, 136, 141–2, 145–6, 153, 155,
166, 169, 176, 182, 192, 193, 195, 210–13,
215–16, 230, 232, 235, 237–9, 243–4,
246–9, 255, 258–60, 266, 279, 281, 292,
298–9, 307, 312, 329, 333, 335, 341, 345,
348, 353, 360–1, 373, 386–7, 394, 404–5,
407, 412, 416, 424, 490–2, 493, 502
Man
.
da, 26, 32, 35, 58, 76, 105–6, 108, 124,
133, 134–5, 146–8, 150, 152–3, 158, 160,
163, 167, 169, 173–5, 177, 195, 209, 215,
220–1, 226, 229, 255, 261–2, 280, 289, 296,
304, 308, 310, 324, 334–5, 344, 389, 489,
492, 497, 499, 502
manner adverbials, 406; onomatopoetic words
without any suffixation as, 406
M¨anner, A., 19, 24, 30
Marathi, 38, 40, 57, 127, 175, 177, 400, 421
Masica, C. P., 39–40, 122, 141, 230, 478
Master, A., 144, 353, 389
Matthews, P. H., 424
McAlpin, D. W., 44–5
Medieval Telugu, 480
Meenakshisundaran, T. P., 283, 299, 331, 472,
478, 480
Meile, P., 122
Menges, K. H., 43
Middle and Modern Indic, 488
Middle Indic, 471–3, 475
Middle Indo-Aryan, 16
Middle Tamil, 473
Middle Telugu, 337
Mitchell, A. N., 25
Modern Indo-Aryan, 488
modern languages, 395, 407; adverbs (of time,
place, quantity and manner) in, 407–12;
basic and derived adjectives in, 395–406
Modern Standard Telugu, 23
Modern Tamil, 35, 40, 45, 49, 55, 86, 112,
271, 342, 357, 362, 389, 396, 407, 408, 413,
415, 423, 431, 436, 447
Modern Telugu, 35, 52, 55, 145, 158–9, 167,
220, 229, 231, 236, 239, 241–2, 261, 305–6,
320, 336–7, 343, 347, 351, 356, 359, 371–2,
409, 419, 437, 443, 447
Mohanan, K. P. and Mohanan, T., 427, 428
Montgomery, Stephen E., 409
Moss, C. F., 25
Mudu (a dialect of Koraga), 300, 318
Munda, 3, 26, 36, 38–9, 41, 134, 136, 137,
259, 279, 501, 503
Nahali, 132
Naik
.
ri, 26, 57, 72, 131–2, 177, 229, 233, 234,
243, 326, 337, 345, 410, 416–18
Naiki (=Naik
.
ri), 19–20, 48, 56, 131, 133, 135,
139, 166, 169, 175, 209, 221, 224, 229,
232–4, 236–8, 243, 247, 249–50, 255, 258,
263, 270, 285, 298, 301, 304–5, 325–6, 332,
334–5, 337, 340, 345, 347, 360, 364, 402,
407, 411
Naiki (Chanda), 19, 26, 57, 131, 221, 224,
229, 232, 234, 236, 238, 243, 326, 332, 340,
347, 402
Namboodiri, E. V. N., 377, 491