Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɲɧɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 60 ɩɨ-

ɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ).

Ɋɢɫ. 61. ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɎȽɆ

Ɍɪɭɛɨɪɟɡ-ɮɪɟɡɟɪ ɌɎ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɤɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫ-

ɫɨɪɧɵɯ, ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɢ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ.

Ɍɪɭɛɨɪɟɡ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ:

x ɪɟɡɤɭ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵ-

ɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɰɵ;

x ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɹɤɨɪɟɦ.

ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɶɛɵ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 633–80.

ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɬɢɩɚ ɉɍ2 (ɪɢɫ. 62) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟ-

ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɬɢɫɤɭ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ, ɩɨɥɨ-

ɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɜɚ-

ɪɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɫ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭ-

ɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɬɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ

ɢ ɡɚɠɢɦɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ.

ɇɚ ɭɬɨɥɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ 2 ɧɚɞɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɬɚ-

ɤɚɧ 8, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧ ɤ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ ɱɟɬɵɪɶɦɹ ɜɢɧɬɚɦɢ 7. ɇɚ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɣ

ɫɬɚɤɚɧ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɧɚɞɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ 6, «ɩɟɪɶɹ» ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɝɢɛɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɡɚɩɥɟɱɢɤ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ. ɇɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ (ɰɢɥɢɧɞ-

ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ) ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɧɬ 4

ɢ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɚ

ɬɪɚɩɟɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɶɛɚ. ɉɨ ɜɢɧɬɭ ɢ ɪɟɡɶɛɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɠɢɦɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬ-

ɜɨ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɠɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ «ɩɟɪɶɹ» ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 62. ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɬɢɩɚ ɉɍ2

Ɂɚɠɢɦɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɠɢɦɧɨɣ ɜɬɭɥɤɢ 5 ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɧɨɣ

ɝɚɣɤɢ 3. ɇɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɧɚɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤ 1 ɫ ɡɚɦ-

ɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɡɶɛɨɣ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɬɪɭɛ, ɧɚ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ.

ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɧɚ ɛɭ-

ɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɨɣ,

ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ

ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 20 ɤɇ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 11

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɉɍ2

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟ-

ɪɵ, ɦɦ

Ɍɢɩɨ-

ɪɚɡɦɟɪ

ɩɟɱɚɬɢ

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚ-

ɦɟɬɪ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ

ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ

ɢ ɇɄɌ, ɦɦ

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ

ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ

ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɤɚ, ɤɇ

D L

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ

ɉɍ2-102 102* 75; 84 295 4,5

ɉɍ2-146 140…146

106; 112;

118

360 10,0

ɉɍ2-168 168

125; 131;

137; 141

430 18,0

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: * ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ.

Ɋɢɫ. 63. ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɛɨɣɧɢɤ «ɈɋȺ»

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɛɨɣɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɬɢɩɚ

«ɈɋȺ» (ɪɢɫ. 63) – ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɫɤɜɚ-

ɠɢɧ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ:

x ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɡɚɛɨɟɦ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɢɜ-

ɤɢ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɇɄɌ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɛɨɥɬɵ ɢ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɵ, ɭɩɪɚɜ-

ɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɫɴɟɦɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ ɢ ɞɪ.;

x ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɤɢ ɩɪɢɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɇɄɌ.

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ:

x ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɨɬ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ;

x ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɲɬɚɧɝɚɯ.

ȼ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɇɄɌ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɲɬɚɧɝɚɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɠɚɥɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɛɢɜɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɇɄɌ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɬɚɩ-

ɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ (ɪɢɫ. 63).

ɉɪɢ ɫɩɭɫɤɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɲɬɚɧɝɚɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɛɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɠɟ-

ɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ, ɬ. ɟ. ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɤɚ ɬɪɭɛ

12.6. ɉɜɩɫɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɧɶɝɥɣ ɬɥɝɛɡɣɨ

ȼ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ,

ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɵɯɥɵɦɢ ɩɟɫɤɚɦɢ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɨɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ

200…400 ɦ. ɉɪɢɬɨɤ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ.

Ʌɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɜɨ-

ɞɨɣ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɝɚɡɨɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɦɟɫɹɦɢ, ɩɟɧɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨ-

ɞɭɜɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ, ɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɠɟ-

ɥɨɧɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɭɪɚ.

12.6.1. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ

ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ

ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɭ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɨɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ

ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.

Ɋɢɫ. 64. Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ Ⱥɇɐ 320

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ (ɪɢɫ. 64) Ⱥɇɐ 320 (Ⱥɇɐ 320ɍ)

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨ-

ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ.

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ Ⱥɇɐ 320 ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨ-

ɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɇɐ 320, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ-

ɱɟɧɢɹ

ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɦ Ɂɂɉ,

ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ Ⱥɇɐ 320

Ɇɨɧɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ..............................ɲɚɫɫɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɄɪȺɁ, ɍɪɚɥ, ɄɚɦȺɁ

ɇɚɫɨɫ ɇɐ320:

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, Ɇɉɚ ..............................................40

ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɞɦ

/ɫ..................................................26

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ .............................................................................32

ɐɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ..................................................................ɐɇɋ 38-154:

ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɞɦ

/ɫ .......................................................................................10,5

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ....................................................................................1,54

Ɇɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ:

ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ, ɦ

................................................................6

ɛɚɱɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ........................................................0,25

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ, ɦɦ:

ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ....100

ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ .......50

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ

Ⱥɇɐ 320, ɦɦ .................................................. ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10150 u 2700 u 3225

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ, ɤɝ ......................................................................16000

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ Ⱥɇɐ 320 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɦ Ƚɪɨɡɧɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ

ɐȺ-320.

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɧɚɧɨɫɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ Ⱥɇɉ 320 (Ⱥɇɉ 320ɍ) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚ-

ɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ

ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɛɭ-

ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵ-

ɜɨɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ Ⱥɇɉ 320

Ɇɨɧɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ......................... ɲɚɫɫɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɄɪȺɁ-250 (ɍɪɚɥ-4320)

ɇɚɫɨɫ ɇɐ320:

ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ.....................................................................108

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, Ɇɉɚ ..............................................40

ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɞɦ

/ɫ ..................................................26

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ, ɦɦ ............... ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10150 u 2700 u 3225

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ, ɤɝ:

ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ..............................................................................................15000

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ........................................................................................14460

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɍɇɄ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɚɝɪɟɫ-

ɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɍɇɄ

Ɇɨɧɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ

ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɄɚɦȺɁ-43101

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, Ɇɉɚ ....................................................23

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɞɦ

/ɫ ....................................................15,35

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɉȺ-80 (ɉȺ-80-01) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ

ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɨɦ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ-

ɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɦ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

Ɇɨɧɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ.....................ɲɚɫɫɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɍɊȺɅ-4320 (ɄɪȺɁ-260Ƚ)

ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ .........................................................................12

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɥ/ɫ ...........................................................10,8

ɇɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɍɇ1-100u200, ɍɇɌ1-100u250, ɍɇȻ1-100u250,

ɍɇȻ1Ɋ-100u250

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞ

ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ

ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.

Ɋɢɫ. 65. ɇɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɍɇɌ 1-100

250:

1 – ɝɭɫɟɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ Ɍ-130ɆȽ; 2 – ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ; 3 – ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɚ;

4 – ɧɚɫɨɫ; 5 – ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ; 6 – ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ

ɇɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɍɇɌ1-100u250 (ɪɢɫ. 65) ɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ

ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ Ɍ-130ɆȽ, ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨ-

ɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ, ɰɟɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ, ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ, ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭ-

ɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɨɬ

ɬɹɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɚɥɵ,

ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɢ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ.

ɇɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɍɇȻ

1Ɋ-100u250 ɧɚ ɪɚɦɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ

ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ, ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨ-

ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ, ɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ, ɛɚɤɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ

ɤɚɛɢɧɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ – ɨɬ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨ-

ɪɨɛɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ.

ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɧɚɫɨɫ – ɬɪɟɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɞɧɨ-

ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

ɇɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɍɇ1-100u200 ɢ ɍɇȻ1-100u250 (ɪɢɫ. 66) ɫɨ-

ɫɬɨɹɬ

ɢɡ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ, ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶ-

ɞɚ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 66. ɇɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɍɇȻ1-100

250:

1 – ɲɚɫɫɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɍɪɚɥ-4320; 2 – ɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ; 3 – ɧɚɫɨɫ ɇ5-160; 4 – ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ;

5 – ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ; 6 – ɪɚɦɚ

ɉɪɢɜɨɞ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɨɬ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɞɧɨɫɤɨɪɨ-

ɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɥ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɍɇȻ-160u32 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ

ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɩɪɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɢ

ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵ-

ɜɨɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚ-

ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɍɇȻ-160

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɲɚɫɫɢ .................................. ɄɪȺɁ-250 (ɢɥɢ ɌȺɌɊȺ-815-2)

ɇɚɫɨɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.........................................................................9ɌɆ

ɉɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ ............................................................................108

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, Ɇɉɚ ....................................................32

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɞɦ

/ɫ .........................................................26

ȼɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ, ɦ

......................................................................6

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ...............................................10150 u 2700 u 3225

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ, ɤɝ ...................................................................16000

12.6.2. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɨɬ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɤɢ

Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɨɬ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ

ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 67 ɢ 68). ɉɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ (ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ).

Ɋɢɫ. 67. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ (ɚ) ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ (ɛ) ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɤ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ:

1 – ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ; 2 – ɇɄɌ; 3 – ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤ; 4 – ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɟɪɬɥɸɝ;

5 – ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ; 6 – ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤ;

7 – ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɫɨ ɲɥɚɧɝɨɦ

Ɋɢɫ. 68. Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɟ ɟɟ ɚɷɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɉȺȼ:

1 – ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɥɚɧ; 2 – ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ; 3 – ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤ; 4 – ɇɄɌ; 5 – ɲɥɚɧɝ;

6 – ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ; 7 – ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ; 8 – ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ; 9 – ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ-ɚɷɪɚɬɨɪ;

10 – ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ; 11 – ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ; 12 – ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦɟɪ; 13 – ɧɚɫɨɫ; 14 – ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ: ɢɡ ɭɫ-

ɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ (1 ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɟ-

ɞɚɱ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ); ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜ-

ɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ.

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ: 1 – ɩɪɹɦɚɹ; 2 – ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ; 3 – ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ;

4 – ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ

ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤ-

ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.

1. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ

ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɟɤ ɩɟɫɤɚ:

ɩɜ

,vvw 

ɝɞɟ v

– ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚ ɩɟɫɱɢɧɨɤ; v

– ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ; w

– ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɟɫɤɚ.

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɟɫɤɚ, ɦɦ 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,1 0,01

, ɫɦ/ɫ

3,12 2,53 1,95 0,65 0,007

Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ

2,vw

ɬɨɝɞɚ

ɩɜ ɜ ɜ

(/2) /2.vv v v 

2. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɟ:

654321

hhhhhhh 

, ɦ.

Ɂɞɟɫɶ

– ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ:

1 ɧɠ

(/)( /2),hHdVg

(1)

ɝɞɟ H – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦ; d – ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɨɦɵ-

ɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦ; V

– ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ,

ɦ/ɫ;

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɬ/ɦ

; Ȝ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ).

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ 48 60 73 89 114

0,040 0,037 0,035 0,034 0,032



ɧɜ

UOM







, (2)

ɝɞɟ

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨ-

ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ (ĳ = 1,12…1,2); D

– ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ

ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɦ; d

– ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ

ɬɪɭɛ, ɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ-

ɦɵɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ (1) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ (2) – ɞɥɹ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ.







ɩɠ

lFm

, (3)

ɝɞɟ m – ɞɨɥɹ ɩɭɫɬɨɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ;

m = 0,3…0,45; F – ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɦ

; l – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ

ɩɪɨɛɤɢ, ɩɪɨɲɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɟɦ (l = 6 ɢɥɢ 12 ɦ); f – ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɱɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɦ

; ȡ

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɫɤɚ (ɞɥɹ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɝɨ

ɩɟɫɤɚ ȡ

= (2,65…2,7) ɬ/ɦ

ɢ h

– ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɪɬɥɸɝɚ ɢ ɲɥɚɧɝɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɩɨ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ (ɫɦ. ɧɢɠɟ);

– ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɟ: ɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ  10…37 ɦɦ, ɮɪɟɡɟɪ

ɢ ɞɪ.







ɧɧ

2 fg





, (4)

ɝɞɟ ȡ

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɝ/ɫɦ

; Q – ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɫɦ

/ɫ;

g = 980 ɫɦ/ɫ

; Į

= 0,9 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ; f

– ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ-

ɫɚɞɤɢ, ɫɦ

100

3. ȼɪɟɦɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ-

ɧɨɫɬɶ,

T = H / V

ɝɞɟ V

– ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɟ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ

ɩɪɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ –

Re3164,0

;

ɩɪɢ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ –

Re64

, ɝɞɟ Re – ɱɢɫɥɨ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ;

ɩɪɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɟ –



vVd /Re

;

ɩɪɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ –



vdDV  Re

ɝɞɟ V – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɦ/ɫ; v – ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɦ

/ɫ.

ɉɪɢ Re < 2320 – ɪɟɠɢɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ, ɚ ɩɪɢ

Re < 2800 – ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ.

12.7. Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɱɠɧɠɨɭɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ ɬɥɝɛɡɣɨ

ɉɪɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɩɪɢɦɟ-

ɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ

2ȺɍɆ, ɈɋȻ-2-30, ɍɋ-4, ɍɋ6-30, ɍɋ5-30, 1ɋɆɊ-20, ɍɐɉ, ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨ-

ɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ (Ƚɍɐ, ȽɐɄ), ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ.

ɋɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɫɭɯɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ,

ɩɟɫɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ

ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɰɟ-

ɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ

ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɍɋ6-30 (ɪɢɫ. 69) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ

ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɬɚɦ-

ɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ), ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ

ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ

ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ. Ɉɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ

ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɡɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ

ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɨɜ, ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ

ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.