Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

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ɝɢɟ (ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ II) ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ 321 ɬ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. Ʉɪɸɤɢ Ʉɇ – ɞɥɹ

ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɟ, Ʉɉɒ – ɜ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚ-

ɱɟɧɢɹ: Ʉɇ-50 ɢ ɞɪ.

ɒɬɪɨɩɵ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɤɪɸɤ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ

ɷɬɨ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɬɥɹ ɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɚɹ ɩɨ ɨɞ-

ɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ. ɂɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɤɚɬɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɵɤɟ

ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ

ɫɜɚɪɤɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ. ɒɬɪɨɩɵ ɪɚɡɥɢ-

ɱɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ: ɛɭɪɨɜɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ – ɒȻɇ; ɛɭɪɨɜɵɟ ɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧ-

ɧɵɟ – ɒȻɍ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ – ɒɗ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɲɬɪɨɩɵ ɒɗ-28-ɉ-Ȼ ɢ ɒɗ-50-Ȼ ɝɪɭɡɨ-

ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ 28 ɢ 50 ɬ.

Ɍɪɭɛɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɵ – ɞɥɹ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ, ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɇɄɌ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ.

ɗɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɵ ɗɁɇ –

ɨɞɧɨɲɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ (ɋɉɈ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨ-

ɪɨɜ) ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ 15,25 ɢ 50 ɬ. ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɞɜɚ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɚ,

ɡɚɯɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɲɬɪɨɩ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɗɁɇ60-50, ɝɞɟ

60 – ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɦɦ; 50 – ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬ.

ɗɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɵ ɗȽ – ɨɞɧɨɲɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɚɜɬɨ-

ɦɚɬɚɦɢ ȺɉɊ-2ȼȻ ɢ ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪɚɦɢ, ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ 16, 50 ɢ 80 ɬ.

ɗɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɵ ɗɏɅ (ɪɢɫ. 43) ɞɥɹ ɇɄɌ

ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɬ 48 ɞɨ

114 ɦɦ, ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ 10...40 ɬ.

Ɋɢɫ. 43. Ⱦɜɭɲɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɗɏɅ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɗɏɅ-60-15 ɗɏɅ-73-25 ɗɏɅ-89-35

Ƚɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬ 15 25 35

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ

ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ

60 73 89

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɪɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ

ɩɨɞ ɬɪɭɛɭ, ɦɦ

62 75 92

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ

370 u 115 u 110 370 u 160 u 130 395 u 180 u 145

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ

ɒɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɵ ɗɒɇ (ɪɢɫ. 44) – ɞɥɹ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɲɬɚɧɝ

ɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɟɲɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɋɉɈ, ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ

5 ɢ 10 ɬ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɚɪ ɜɤɥɚ-

ɞɵɲɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɬɭɥɨɤ, ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɀ12, 16, 19 ɢ 22 ɦɦ,

ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɞɥɹ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɀ25 ɦɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 44. ɗɥɟɜɚɬɨɪ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɗɒɇ:

1 – ɲɚɣɛɚ; 2 – ɲɩɥɢɧɬ; 3 – ɲɬɪɨɩ; 4 – ɜɢɧɬ; 5 – ɜɤɥɚɞɵɲ; 6 – ɜɬɭɥɤɚ; 7 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ ȺɉɊ (ɪɢɫ. 45) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚ-

ɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɡɚ-

ɯɜɚɬɭ, ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɭ, ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɇɄɌ.

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ: ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɜɨɞɢɥɨɦ, ɫɩɚɣ-

ɞɟɪɚ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ȺɉɊ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɧɵɟ ɄɈɌ, ɄɌȽ ɢ

ɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɄɋɆ ɤɥɸɱɢ, ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɵ

ɗȽ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɜɢɥɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɵ ɗɌȺ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɧɵɟ ɤɥɸɱɢ ɄɌȽɍ-Ɇ ɢ ɄɌȾ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ

ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɤɥɸɱɢ ȺɒɄɌɆ, ɄɆɒɗ, ɄȺɊɋ (ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɢ), ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ȺɉɊ.

Ʉɥɸɱɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɄɆɍ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɤɭ-

ɳɟɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ

ɩɨ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ

ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɇɄɌ ɫ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɭ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ

ɬɪɭɛ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ

ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ. Ʉɥɸɱɢ ɄɆɍ-50, ɄɆɍ-

Ƚɉ-50, ɄɆɍ-32 ɢɦɟɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ

ɫ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ.

Ɋɢɫ. 45. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬ ȺɉɊ-2ȼȻɆ:

1 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ; 2 – ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ; 3 – ɤɥɢɧɶɟɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ; 4 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɤɥɢɧɚ;

5 – ɩɥɚɲɤɚ; 6 – ɨɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɮɥɚɧɟɰ; 7 – ɜɨɞɢɥɨ; 8 – ɜɚɥ ɜɢɥɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤɚ;

9 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ; 10 – ɨɫɶ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ; 11 – ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɧɶɟɜɨɣ

ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ; 12 – ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪ; 13 – ɩɶɟɞɟɫɬɚɥ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ; 14 – ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ

ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɄɆɍ-50 (ɪɢɫ. 46) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ

ɛɥɨɤɚ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ, ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪɚ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɤɥɢɧɶɟɜ ɢ ɛɥɨɤɚ

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ.

ȼɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶ – ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɨɡɭɛɨɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɣ, ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ

ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɜɨɞɢɥɨɦ. Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ

ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ.

ȼɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶ

ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɫɴɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɠɢ-

ɦɚɦɢ ɤ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɩɥɢɬɵ-ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧɚ, ɩɪɢɜɚɪɟɧ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪɭ.

ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɤɪɭɬɹ-

ɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɢɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ

ɫɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤɨɜ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ – ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɭɫ-

ɤɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 46. Ʉɥɸɱ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɄɆɍ-50:

1 – ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ; 2 – ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɲɟɫɬɟɪɧɢ

ɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ; 3 – ɜɨɞɢɥɨ; 4 – ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ; 5 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞ; 6 – ɫɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ;

7 – ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧ; 8 – ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶ; 9 – ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪ

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪɟ, ɤɇ .................................................490

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɢɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ

ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ, ɇɦ ...........................................................................4410

ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɢɥɚ, ɦɢɧ

–1

.................................................................60

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ............................................ 48; 60; 73; 89

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ .......................................................................... 960 u 590 u 960

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ:

ɤɥɸɱɚ ɜ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ....................................................................360

ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ .............................................................................425

ɉɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ,

ɫɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɥɢɧɶɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɭɛ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 60; 73 ɢ 89 ɦɦ, ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɨɦɭɬɚ. Ʉ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɚɪɟɧ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɞɥɹ ɭɫ-

ɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɋɩɚɣɞɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɯɜɚ-

ɬɭ, ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɭ, ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɚɫɨɫ-

ɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɩɭɫɤɚ

ɢɯ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢ-

ɧɭ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 47 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪ ȺɋȽ-80. Ɉɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ

ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ, ɤɥɢɧɶɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ, ɫɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɞɴ-

ɟɦɚ ɤɥɢɧɶɟɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 47. ɋɩɚɣɞɟɪ ȺɋȽ-80:

1 – ɜɤɥɚɞɵɲ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ; 2 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ; 3 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɤɥɢɧɚ; 4 – ɩɥɚɲɤɚ; 5 – ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ;

6 – ɩɪɭɠɢɧɚ ɩɨɥɡɭɧɚ; 7 – ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪɚ ȺɋȽ-80

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ.................................60, 73, 89

Ƚɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬ.....................................................................................80

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ:

ɞɥɢɧɚ....................................................................................................380

ɲɢɪɢɧɚ.................................................................................................335

ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ..................................................................................................365

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ:

ɫɩɚɣɞɟɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɲɟɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ

ɞɥɹ ɬɪɭɛ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 73 ɦɦ...................................................................67

ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ .............................................................................135

Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɄɉɊ-12 (ɪɢɫ. 48) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚ-

ɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɭ-

ɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɫɤɨ-ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ

ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ.

ɋɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ: ɬɪɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡ-

ɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɦ ɦɨɦɟɧ-

ɬɨɦ; ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɢ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɨɦ

ɢ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ.

Ʉɥɸɱ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɜɭɯɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɞɭɤ-

ɬɨɪ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɲɟɫɬɟɪɧɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɧ-

ɧɵɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ.

Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɚɹ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɜɚɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ; ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢ-

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ 10 ɦ ɨɬ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟ-

ɥɟɦ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 48. Ʉɥɸɱ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɧɨɣ ɄɉɊ-12:

1 – ɫɬɨɩɨɪ; 2 – ɤɥɸɱ; 3 – ɫɬɜɨɪɤɚ; 4 – ɭɩɨɪ; 5 – ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɥɸɱɚ

ɢ ɫɬɨɩɨɪɚ; 6 – ɛɨɥɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ; 7 – ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ; 8 – ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤ;

9 – ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɬɨɪ; 10 – ɫɟɪɶɝɚ; 11 – ɜɢɧɬ; 12 – ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ; 13 – ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɫɤɪɟɩɢɬɟɥɶ;

14 – ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ; 15 – ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ

ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ; 16 – ɝɢɞɪɨɪɭɤɚɜ

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ:

ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ............................................................60…114

ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ .....................................................................................73…89

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤɇɦ ....................................................12

Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɇɦ ...............................0,9…12

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ, ɤȼɬ...............................................................................18

ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɦɢɧ

–1

ɧɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ .............................................................................75

ɧɚ ɧɢɡɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ..............................................................................25

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɥ/ɦɢɧ ..............................................................140

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ:....................................................................................................

ɤɥɸɱɚ .............................................................................. 930 u 560 u 615

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɋȽɉ-140/16......................... 1200 u 1010 u 939

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ: ...........................................................................................................

ɤɥɸɱɚ ɫ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 73 ɦɦ ...............................315

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɋȽɉ-140/16..................................................540

Ʉɥɸɱ ɬɪɭɛɧɵɣ ɬɢɩɚ ɄɌɅ (ɪɢɫ. 49) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ

ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ (ɇɄɌ) ɢ ɡɚɦɤɨɜ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ

ɬɪɭɛ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɢ ɤɚ-

ɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɣ ɡɚɯɜɚɬ ɇɄɌ, ɫɨ-

ɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɄɌ ɨɬ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ. Ɉɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɚɦɢ ɬɢ-

ɩɚ ɄɌȽɍ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ

x ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɧɚ 20…43 % ɦɚɫɫɨɣ;

x ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɧɚ 17…4 % ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ

ɇɄɌ;

x ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ 5–10 ɪɚɡ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɭɯɚɪɟɣ;

x ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 49. Ʉɥɸɱ ɬɪɭɛɧɵɣ ɄɌɅ:

1 – ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ; 2 – ɨɫɶ; 3 – ɩɪɭɠɢɧɚ; 4 – ɫɤɨɛɚ; 5 – ɱɟɥɸɫɬɶ; 6 – ɨɫɶ;

7 – ɫɭɯɚɪɶ; 8 – ɪɭɱɤɚ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɒɢɮɪ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ

ɄɌɅ-33 ɄɌɅ-48 ɄɌɅ-60 ɄɌɅ-73 ɄɌɅ-89 ɄɌɍ-95 ɄɌɍ-108

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɇɄɌ, ɦɦ

33 48 60 73 89 95 108

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ

ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤɇɦ

2,0 2,5 3,0 4,5 6,0 7,0 8,5

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ

ɫɭɯɚɪɟɣ, ɲɬ

1 1 2 2 2 2 2

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ

ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ:

ɞɥɢɧɚ

ɲɢɪɢɧɚ

ɜɵɫɨɬɚ

285

130

300

135

315

165

330

165

345

190

440

203

84,5

455

223

84,5

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ 2,4 2,7 3,3 3,6 4,0 5,3 6,5

Ɉɫɜɨɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɄɌɅ-ɁɁ, ɄɌɅ-48, ɄɌɅ-60, ɄɌɅ-73,

ɄɌɅ-89, ɄɌɍ-95, ɄɌɍ-108.

Ʉɪɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɄɒɄ (ɪɢɫ. 50) ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɡɚ-

ɠɢɦɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɲɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩ-

ɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɟɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɧɢ-

ɦɚɬɶ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɲɬɚɧɝɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɦɭɮɬɨɜɵɟ

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛ ɧɟ

ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɲɬɚɧɝ, ɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ

ɬɪɭɛɵ ɧɚɞ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɟ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɝɥɚɞ-

ɤɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɲɬɚɧɝɢ, ɡɚɯɜɚɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɦ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ. ȼ

ɤɪɭɝɨɜɨɦ ɤɥɸɱɟ ɲɬɚɧɝɢ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɲɤɚɦɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ

ɜɵɪɟɡɵ ɫ ɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɲɟɤ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ, ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɚ ɞɜɭɦɹ

ɲɬɢɮɬɚɦɢ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ,

ɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ, ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟ-

ɧɚ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɡɚɠɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 50. Ʉɥɸɱ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɄɒɄ

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɬɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɲɬɚɧɝ, ɦɦ .................................. 12, 16, 19, 22, 25

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɛɨɞɚ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɦɦ ..........................................................................550

ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɡɟɜɚ, ɦɦ.............................................................................................32

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ .......................................................................................................5,5

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɰɟɩɧɵɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɄɐɈ-1 Ʉɐɇ-1 Ʉɐɇ-2 Ʉɐɇ-3

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ

60…114 60…114 114…146 146…245

Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ

ɭɫɢɥɢɟ

ɧɚ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɟ, ɇ

950 950 1150 1400

Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɰɟɩɢ, ɦɦ 667 667 928 1377

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ

680 u 100 u 100 1160 u 100 u 110 1570 u 122 u 135 2100 u 152 u 165

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ 11,5 14,0 24,0 53,0

Ʉɥɸɱɢ ɰɟɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɫɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɧɱɢ-

ɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɭɛ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ. Ʉɥɸɱ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ, ɞɜɭɯ ɲɚɪ-

ɧɢɪɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɳɟɤ ɫ ɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɢ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɦɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɳɟɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ.

ɂɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɩɧɵɟ ɤɥɸɱɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ: Ʉɐɇ – ɤɥɸɱ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ

ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɄɐɈ – ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɵɣ.

Ƚɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ Ƚɍ-48, Ƚɍ-60, Ƚɍ-73 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚ

ɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ.

Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ:

x ɫɩɭɫɤ-ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɇɄɌ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 48, 60, 73 ɦɦ ɛɟɡ ɭɬɟɱɟɤ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ;

x ɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ;

x ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɢ ɞɪɭ-

ɝɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.

Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɨɩɨɪ, ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɞ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ.

ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ:

x ɧɚɞɟɠɧɚɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɬɶɹ;

x ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɫ-

ɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɨɪɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ

ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɬɪɭɛ;

x ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ;

x ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ.

ɇɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ.

12.5. Ɇɩɝɣɦɷɨɶɤ, ɫɠɡɮɴɣɤ ɣ ɝɬɪɩɧɩɞɛɭɠɦɷɨɶɤ ɣɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭɶ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɨɜɥɢ (ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ) ɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ

ɢɡ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɇɄɌ, ɲɬɚɧɝ, ɬɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɬɚ, ɤɚɪɨɬɚɠɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɥɨɜɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ.

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ.

ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɱɢɤ Ɇɗɍ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ

ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ

ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɨɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

ɜɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨ

ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢ ɦɭɮɬɵ.

Ʌɨɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɶɛɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɱɢɤɚ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢ-

ɥɹ, ɤɨɧɭɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1:8.

ȼɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɡɶɛɨɣ.

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɱɢɤ Ɇɗɋ (ɪɢɫ. 51, ɛ) ɩɪɟɞɧɚ-

ɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ

ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ (ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɵɫɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ), ɨɤɚɧ-

ɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɜɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɶɛɭ

ɦɭɮɬɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 51. Ʌɨɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɱɢɤɢ:

ɚ) ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩɚ Ɇɗɍ; ɛ) ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩɚ Ɇɗɋ;

1 – ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɶɛɚ; 2 – ɥɨɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɶɛɚ