Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

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ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ III – ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɞɨ-

ɛɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɭɫɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ. ɇɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ

ɛɥɨɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ I ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɞɟɝɚɡɚɰɢɢ

ɜɨɞɵ. ɗɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ

ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɡɚ

ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟ-

ɤɚɱɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɢɧɢ-Ʉɇɋ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦ

/ɫɭɬ ..........................................................200…1200

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, Ɇɉɚ..........................................................................16

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ ........................................................165…560

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, °C........................................ –55…+45

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɚɯ, °C, ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ .......................................... +5

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, °C, ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ....................................... +18

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɛɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɭɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɆȻɄɇɋ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɉɉȾ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ

ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ

ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɆȻɄɇɋ, ɦ

/ɫɭɬ:

ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ .......................................................................................200

ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ....................................................................................1600

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, Ɇɉɚ:.............................................................................

ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ......................................................................................12.5

ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ........................................................................................20

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ, Ɇɉɚ .............................................................ɨɬ 0,4 ɞɨ 1,6

ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɆȻɄɇɋ, ȼ .............................380

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ:.........................................................................

ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ........................................................................................300

ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ.......................................................................................750

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɛɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ȻɄɇɋ ɫ ɧɚɫɨ-

ɫɚɦɢ ɐɇɋ-180 ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɤɭɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ «ɋɟɜɟɪ» (ɋȻɄɇɋ4-150 ɢ ɋȻɄɇɋ2-200) ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚ-

ɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɉɉȾ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ʉɪɚɣɧɟɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ.

Ȼɥɨɤ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɟɛɟɧɤɢ ȻȽ-1 ɧɚ ɤɭɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨ-

ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɉɉȾ.

112

ɍɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ (ɪɢɫ. 77) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ

ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɜɨɞɵ, ɞɥɹ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ

ɩɪɢɟɦɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɛɟɡ

ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ – ɬɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɢ

«ɟɥɤɚ».

Ɍɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ-

ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-

ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɪɟ-

ɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɉɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɧɵ, ɡɚɞɜɢɠɟɤ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.

«ȿɥɤɚ» ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-

ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɟɤ, ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɚ, ɛɨɤɨ-

ɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɟɤ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 77. Ⱥɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ Ⱥɍɇ 50-21:

1, 2, 6 – ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚ ɁɆɋ 65-21; 3, 7 – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ; 4 – ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ;

5 – ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɥɚɧɟɰ

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ

ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ȺɇɄ1-65u21, ȺɇɄ1-65u35, Ⱥɍɇ50-21 ɢ ɞɪ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɍɗɐɉ

ɢ ɍɗɐɉɄ (ɬɚɛɥ. 14) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ

ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚ-

ɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɭɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫ-

ɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ

ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɟ

ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,1 ɝ/ɥ, ɫ ɪɇ = 5,4…9 ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ 60 °C.

113

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 14

Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚ,

ɦɦ

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ, ɦ

/ɫɭɬ

ɇɚɩɨɪ, ɦ

ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ

ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ,

ɦɦ

ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣ

ɞɥɢɧɚ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɨ-

ɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ

ɍ2ɗɐɉ14-1000-1200 1000 1200 359 320 8620 2726 11060

ɍ2ɗɐɉ16-2000-1400 2000 1360 396 375 9133 4325 14900

ɍ2ɗɐɉɄ16-2000-1400 2000 1360 396 375 9077 2503 14401

ɍ2ɗɐɉɄ16-3000-1000 3000 930 396 375 7207 3446 13318

ɍ2ɗɐɉɄ16-3000-160 3000 160 396 360 10975 1020 3012

ɍ2ɗɐɉɄ16-2000-200 2000 200 396 360 11170 1185 3332

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 78) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚ (ɧɚɫɨɫ ɢ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ), ɤɚɛɟɥɹ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨ-

ɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ (ɢɥɢ ɲɭɪɮ) ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɲɢ-

ɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɶɟ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɦ ɩɨ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞɚɦ

ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɭɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɭɫɬɚ-

ɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ – 14 ɢ 16.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ 14 ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɟ-

ɝɚɬɚ 320 ɦɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɭɪɮɚɯ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɛɫɚɞ-

ɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ (ɤɨɠɭɯɚ) ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 359 ɦɦ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ 16 ɢɦɟɸɬ

ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ 375 ɦɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɲɭɪɮɚɯ ɫ

ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 396 ɦɦ.

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ-

ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ, ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ – ɢɡ

ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɹɬɶɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɦɢ, ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ.

ȼɵɫɨɤɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ – ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ, ɫɟɤɰɢɨɧ-

ɧɵɣ ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɚɥɚ.

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ

ɬɢɩɚ ɗɐɉ – ɮɥɚɧɰɟ-

ɜɨɟ, ɬɢɩɚ ɗɐɉɄ – ɯɨɦɭɬɨɜɨɟ.

ɂɡ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ

ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚ-

ɧɨɜɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ «ɊɗȾȺ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɵɲɟ 4000 ɦ

ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɫɺ ɱɚɳɟ ɞɥɹ

ɉɉȾ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ

114

PCN ɢ PAH ɱɟɯɨɫɥɨɜɚɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɟ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ ȺɇɌ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞ-

ɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ «ɍɂɌɅɂ-ɍɪɚɥ» ɧɚ Ȼɭɥɚɧɚɲɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɲɡɚɜɨɞɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 78. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚ:

ɚ – ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ: 1 – ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ; 2 – ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ

ɧɚɫɨɫ; 3 – ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ; 4 – ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ;

5 – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ; 6 – ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ;

ɛ – ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ: 1 – ɲɭɪɮ; 2 – ɪɚɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞ; 3 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ

ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ; 4 – ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ; 5 – ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞ;

6 – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ; 7 – ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ

115

14. ɉȼɉɋɎȿɉȽȻɈɃɀ ȿɆɚ ȽɉɂȿɀɄɌɍȽɃɚ ɈȻ ɊɆȻɌɍ

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɢ-

ɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ

ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦɢ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.

14.1. ɉɜɩɫɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɟɦɺ ɭɠɪɦɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɩɢɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɬɭ

Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-

ɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɢ ɫɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ

ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ.

ɉɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɡɨɧɵ ɭɞɥɢɧɹɟɬ ɦɟɠɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ,

ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ,

ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɚ, ɨɬɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɩɨɞɴɺɦ-

ɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɢ ɜ

ɜɵɤɢɞɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ.

ɉɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:

ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ – ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ, ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ;

ɫɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɣ (ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ) ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ-ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɱɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-

ɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ.

Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɚɪɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ – ɩɚɪ – ɩɨɥɭɱɚ-

ɸɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨ-

ɜɨɤ ɉɉȽɍ-4/120 Ɇ, «Ɍɚɤɭɦɚ» ɄSɄ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ

ɬɢɩɚ ɍɉȽ ɢ ɉɉɍȺ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 4 Ɇɉɚ, ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ

ɩɚɪɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ȾɄȼɊ-10/39 ɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ

(ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɟ). ɍɫɬɶɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɭɸɬ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥɉ,

ɥɭɛɪɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɢɩɚ Ʌɉ 50-150 ɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɣ ȽɄɋ.

ɉɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

ɍɉȽ-60/16Ɇ, ɍɉȽ-50/6Ɇ (ɪɢɫ. 79)

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɪɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɜɟɥɢ-

ɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɍɉȽ-60/16Ɇ ɍɉȽ-50/6Ɇ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɭ, ɬ/ɱ 60 50

Ɍɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, Ƚɤɚɥ/ɱ 34,4 25,4

ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ 16,0 6,0

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ

1528,0 1294,0

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ, qɋ

320 343

ɄɉȾ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, % 80,0 83,9

ȼɢɞ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɝɚɡ ɝɚɡ, ɧɟɮɬɶ

116

Ɋɢɫ. 79. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɍɉȽ-50/6Ɇ:

1 – ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ; 2 – ɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ; 3 – ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ;

4 – ɞɭɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ; 5 – ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ; 6 – ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ;

7 – ɞɟɚɷɪɚɬɨɪ; 8 – ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɟɚɷɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ; 9 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ

ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ; 10 – ɫɭɥɶɮɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ; 11 – ɧɚɫɨɫ ɯɢɦɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ;

12 – ɛɚɤ ɯɢɦɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ; 13 – ɧɚɫɨɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ;

14 – ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ; 15 – ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɯɢɦɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ

ɉɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɉɉɍȺ-1600/100 (ɪɢɫ. 80) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ

ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ 1, ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ 2, ɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ 3, ɩɢɬɚ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ 4, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 5, ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ

7, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ 8, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ 6 ɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ 9.

Ɋɢɫ. 80. ɉɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɉɉɍȺ-1600/100

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɭ, ɬ/ɱ................................................................16

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚ, Ɇɉɚ ..................................................................................9,81

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɚɪɚ, °C..................................................................................310

Ɍɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, Ƚɤɚɥ/ɱ ...........................................................0,94

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ, ɤɝ .........................15350

ȼɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ, ɦ

..........................................................................5,2

117

ɍɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ Ⱥɉ-65/210, Ⱥɉ-65/50u16ɍ1 (ɪɢɫ. 81) ɩɪɟɞɧɚ-

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ

ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬ.

Ⱥɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ 1, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ

ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ 4 (ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɹ) ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɇɄɌ, ɡɚ-

ɞɜɢɠɤɢ 2 ɢ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ 3. ɒɚɪɧɢɪɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ

ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ

ɨɬ ɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɤ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 81. ɍɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ Ⱥɉ-65/210, Ⱥɉ-65/50

16ɍ1:

1 – ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤ; 2 – ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚ; 3 – ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɟ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ;

4 – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

Ɍɢɩ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱥɉ-65/210

Ⱥɉ-65/50u16ɍ1

Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ 15 16

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, qɋ

320 345

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ, ɦɦ 65 65

Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɩɚɤɟɪɵ ɉȼ-əȽɆ-Ƚ-122-140, ɉȼ-əȽɆ-7-140-140,

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɩ-

ɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ

ɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɩɭɫɤɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ.

118

Ɋɢɫ. 82. Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɣ ɩɚɤɟɪ:

1 – ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤ; 2 – ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɲɥɢɩɫɨɜɵɣ ɭɡɟɥ;

3 – ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶ; 4 – ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɲɥɢɩɫɨɜɵɣ ɭɡɟɥ;

5 – ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ; 6 – ɤɥɚɩɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɡɟɥ; 7 – ɮɢɥɶɬɪ

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ

Ɍɢɩ ɩɚɤɟɪɨɜ ɉȼ-əȽɆ-Ƚ-122-140 ɉȼ-əȽɆ-Ƚ-140-140

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ 146 146

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɞɚɜ-

ɥɟɧɢɣ, Ɇɉɚ

14,0 14,0

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, qɋ

325 325

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ

ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ

146 168

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɟ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ,

Ɇɉɚ

20 20

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ 122 140

Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ 1690 2370

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɨɳɟ ɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɥɟ, ɱɟɦ

ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɣ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɝɥɭ-

ɛɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 83). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɨɧ

ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɚɪ ɫ ɬɟɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɞɨ 300 °ɋ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɭɸ ɜɨ-

ɞɭ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 200 °ɋ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɝɨɪɹɱɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ, ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɤ

ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ

(60…100 °ɋ).

119

Ɋɢɫ. 83. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ:

1 – ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ-ɬɪɨɫɚ; 2 – ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɞɚɠ; 3 – ɤɚɛɟɥɶ-ɬɪɨɫ ɄɌȽɇ-10;

4 – ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ; 5 – ɚɫɛɟɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɲɧɭɪ; 6 – ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɚɹ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɚ;

7 – ɧɚɠɢɦɧɚɹ ɝɚɣɤɚ; 8 – ɤɥɟɦɦɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ; 9 – ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-

ɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ (ɋɍɗɉɋ). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɋɍɗɉɋ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ

ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɫɩɭɫɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɨ 1200 ɢ 1500 ɦ. Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟ-

ɥɟɣ: 10,5; 21 ɢ 25 ɤȼɬ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ-ɬɪɨɫɟ. ɇɚ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɦ. ɇɚ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɡɚɳɢɬɵ

ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ (ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɦ ɡɚ-

ɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɚɯ, ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.) ɢ

ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɥɵ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ-

ɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (Ɍɗɇ).

Ɍɗɇ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɤɭ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯɪɨɦɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɦ ɩɟɫ-

ɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɤɢɫɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ

ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ. Ɍɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟ-

ɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɠɭɯɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ.

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ-ɬɪɨɫ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɫɢɥɨɜɵɟ ɠɢɥɵ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 4 ɦɦ

ɢ ɬɪɢ ɫɢɝ-

ɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɥɵ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 0,56 ɦɦ

. Ɋɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ – 100 ɤɇ,

ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 18 ɦɦ.

Ⱥɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɝɥɭ-

ɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ (ɗɐɇ). ɗɬɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ

ɧɚ ɩɪɢɰɟɩɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɲɢɧɵ.

ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ

ɇɗɋɂ 50-122 ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ: ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɍ ɢ ɇɗɋɂ

50-122Ɇ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɨɣ

ɡɨɧɵ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ

– ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞ-

ɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɚ.

120

Ɉɛɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ-

ɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ.

ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɇ (ɪɢɫ. 84) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ, ɤɚ-

ɬɭɲɟɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɬɨɤɨɜɨɞɚ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ, ɞɢɚ-

ɮɪɚɝɦɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 84. ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ

ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɇ:

1 – ɤɚɛɟɥɶ; 2 – ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ; 3 – ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɬɨɤɨɜɨɞɚ; 4 – ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚ; 5 – ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ;

6 – ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ; 7 – ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤ; 8 – ɤɨɠɭɯ; 9 – ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚ; 10 – ɜɬɭɥɤɚ;

11, 14 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ; 12, 17 – ɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪ; 13 – ɝɚɣɤɚ; 15 – ɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɥɟ; 16 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ

ɋɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɢɡ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹ-

ɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɶɛɨɣ ɤ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɟ ɬɨɤɨɜɨɞɚ. ɇɚ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɤɚɬɭɲ-

ɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɚɡɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɜɟɡɞɭ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɜɜɨ-

ɞɚ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɢ ɜɬɭɥɤɭ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɥɤɚ

ɫɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ.

ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ,

ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ

ɧɚ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɤɨɠɭɯɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ

ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɠɭɯ ɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,

ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɭɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɦɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ-

ɬɟɥɶ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟ-

ɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɱɢ-

ɤɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɤ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦ

ɱɚɫɬɹɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟ-

ɥɹ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɵ. Ⱦɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ

ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɵ-

ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɍ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɇ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢ-

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ.

Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɇ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

ɢɡ ɧɟɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.