Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

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121

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

Ɍɢɩ ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɍ ɇɗɋɂ 50-122Ɇ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ

ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ, Ɇɉɚ

30 30

Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ

ɨɛɫɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɦɦ

128 128

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, qɋ

90 90

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ 50 50

ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ

ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ȼ

1023 549

ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɬɨɤɚ, Ƚɰ 50 50

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ:

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ 122 122

ɞɥɢɧɚ 5300 5300

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ 192 192

Ɂɚɛɨɣɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ȿȼɇɇ ɮɢɪɦɵ «ɉɟɬɪɨ-

ɬɟɪɦ» (ɪɢɫ. 85) ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ

ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɚ-

ɪɚɮɢɧɚ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ

2…8 ɪɚɡ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɦ ɞɟɛɢɬɨɦ 1…50 ɛɚɪɪɟɥɶ/ɫɭɬ. ɋɛɨɪɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨ-

ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɇɄɌ.

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ

ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɭ. ɋɢɫɬɟ-

ɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 480 ȼ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 44 ɤȼɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 4000 ɮɭɬ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨ-

ɤɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ. Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚ-

ɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ 240 ȼ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ

ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚ

ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ

ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɡɚɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ȿȼɇɇ

(ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ)

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ

ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ,

ɤȼɬ/ɬɵɫ. ȼɌU/ɱ

Ⱦɟɛɢɬ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ

ɞɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,

ɛɚɪɪɟɥɶ/ɫɭɬɤɢ

ɋɢɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ

ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ 480 ȼ,

ɑɢɫɥɨ ɮɚɡ

5/17 1…5 ȼ/D 11 1

10/34 5…10 21 1

15/51 10…20 32 1

22/75 20…30 27 3

29/100 30…40 36 3

44/150 40…50 54 3

122

Ɋɢɫ. 85. Ɂɚɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ȿȼɇɇ

14.2. ɉɜɩɫɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɧɠɰɛɨɣɲɠɬɥɩɞɩ ɣ ɰɣɧɣɲɠɬɥɩɞɩ ɝɩɢɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɬɭ

ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɰɢ-

ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɛɵɱɭ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɡɚ-

ɛɨɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,

ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ.

14.2.1. Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ

ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɧɚɫɨɫ-

ɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɩɟɫɤɨɫɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɚɜɬɨɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ

ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɩɚ-

ɤɟɪɵ, ɹɤɨɪɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ-

ɳɟɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ:

x ɉɚɤɟɪɵ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɣ: ɉɆ; ɈɉɆ.

x ɉɚɤɟɪɵ ɩɥɚɲɟɱɧɵɟ (ɛɟɡ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɣ): ɉɒ; ɉɋ; ɉȽ.

x ɇɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ): ɍɇ1-630-700Ⱥ; ɇȺ-105-1;

2Ⱥɇ-500; 3Ⱥɇ-500 ɢ 4Ⱥɇ-700.

x ɉɟɫɤɨɫɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ: 4ɉȺ; ɍɋɉ-50 (ɞɨ 9 ɬ ɩɟɫɤɚ).

x Ȼɥɨɤ ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ: 1ȻɆ-700; 1ȻɆ-700ɋ.

x Ⱥɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɶɹ: 2Ⱥɍ-700; 2Ⱥɍ-700ɋɍ.

x Ⱥɜɬɨɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ: Ⱥɐɇ-8ɋ-5337; Ⱥɐɇ-14ɋ-65101; Ⱥɐ9-5337;

ȺɌɄ-8-65101 ɢ ɞɪ. ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ (6…21) ɦ

123

x ɇɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ) 2Ⱥɇ-500, 3Ⱥɇ-500 ɢ 4Ⱥɇ-700

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ: ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɩɟɫ-

ɤɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ.

Ɍɢɩ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ: ɝɥɭɛɢ-

ɧɵ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ, ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɳɢ-

ɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɱɬɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɭ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ

ɇɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ (ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ) 4Ⱥɇ-700 ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɝɪɭ-

ɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɯɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɄɪȺɁ-275Ȼ1Ⱥ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɚ-

ɧɨɜɤɢ 9ɍɋ-800, ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɁɄɉɆ, ɬɪɟɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ

4Ɋ-700, ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ 2Ⱥɇ-500, 3Ⱥɇ-500 ɢ 4Ⱥɇ-700 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟ-

ɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 15.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 15

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ

2Ⱥɇ-500 3Ⱥɇ-500 4Ⱥɇ-700

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɨɜ, ɦɦ

100 115 100 120

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ

ɉɨɞɚ-

ɱɚ, ɥ/ɫ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ

ɉɨɞɚ-

ɱɚ, ɥ/ɫ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ,

Ɇɉɚ

ɉɨɞɚ-

ɱɚ, ɥ/ɫ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ,

Ɇɉɚ

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ,

ɥ/ɫ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ,

Ɇɉɚ

5,10 50,8 8,8 50,0 6,3 50,0 9,0 71,9

5,92 43,7 12,0 37,0 8,5 36,6 12,3 52,9

,,,

7,33 35,3 15,8 29,0 12,0 26,0 17,3 37,4

8,92 29,0 20,0 23,0 15,0 20,7 22,0 29,8

V 11,55 22,4 – – – – – –

14,95 17,3 – – – – – –

ɉɟɫɤɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɍɋɉ-50 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫ-

ɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɫɤɚ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɚ-

ɱɢ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɫɤɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɚɰɢɢ. ɋɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɲɚɫɫɢ ɚɜ-

ɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɄɪȺɁ-257Ȼ1Ⱥ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ, ɡɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ

ɲɧɟɤɨɜ, ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ, ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɝɢɞɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɧɟ

ɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɢ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɍɋɉ-50

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɦ

/ɦɢɧ ...................................................................3,6

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ, ɬ/ɦɢɧ ..............................................................................................0,3

ȼɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ, ɦ

.........................................................................6,83

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ ......................................................................0,2

124

Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɨɜ 1ȻɆ-700 ɢ 1ȻɆ-700ɋ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛ-

ɜɹɡɤɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ

ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦ

(1ȻɆ-700) ɢ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ (ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɨ –50 °ɋ)

ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦ (1ȻɆ-700ɋ).

Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ, ɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɲɚɫɫɢ ɁɂɅ-131, ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ

ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ

ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɲɚɪ-

ɧɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɵ.

ɇɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɨɛɨɤ ɫ ɲɟɫɬɶɸ

ɨɬɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɟ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɧ ɫ

ɡɭɛɱɚɬɵɦɢ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ, ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ

ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɨɦ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ

ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɛ-

ɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɤɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɝɚɣɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ

ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ. Ʉɚɠ-

ɞɵɣ ɨɬɜɨɞ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ.

Ɋɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ – ɬɪɭɛɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɞɟɫɹɬɶɸ

ɧɢɩɩɟɥɹɦɢ, ɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɩɪɨɛɤɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ, ɩɪɟɞ-

ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦ. ɇɚ

ɧɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

Ȼɥɨɤ ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɚɦɢ

ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɟɧɚɦɢ.

ɇɚ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ

ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ-

ɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɣ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɝɢɞ-

ɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɫɤɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɤɪɚ

ɳɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ

ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɷɬɭ

ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.

ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɶɹ 2Ⱥɍ-700 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ

ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɫɬɶɟɦ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ

ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɫɤɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɢ ɰɟ-

ɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ.

Ⱥɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ

ɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ, ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ

ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ. ɍɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɧɚ ɤɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɤɨɣ, ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.

ɍɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɚ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɧɠɟɬɤɨɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸ-

ɳɟɣ ɫɩɭɫɤ-ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɇɄɌ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭ-

ɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɨɜ.

125

14.2.2. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ (ȽɊɉ)

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ȽɊɉ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ:

ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɭ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ;

ɫɩɭɫɤ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɇɄɌ ɫ ɩɚɤɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɹɤɨɪɟɦ ɧɚ

ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ;

ɨɛɜɹɡɤɭ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɤɭ ɧɚ 1,5-ɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɢ

ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ;

ɡɚɤɚɱɤɭ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ-ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ-ɩɟɫɤɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ

ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ (ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜ);

ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɭɫɤ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȽɊɉ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ: ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɟɯ-

ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ; ɬɢɩɵ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ

ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 86. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ:

1 – ɬɪɟɳɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ; 2 – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ; 3 – ɩɚɤɟɪ; 4 – ɹɤɨɪɶ; 5 – ɨɛɫɚɞɧɚɹ

ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ; 6 – ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ; 7 – ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɶɹ; 8 – ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ;

9 – ɛɥɨɤ ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɨɜ; 10 – ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ;

11 – ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ; 12 – ɩɟɫɤɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɢ; 13 – ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ; 14 – ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ

y ɝɪɩ ɬɪ ɫ

P ɊɊ '

ɝɞɟ Ɋ

– ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ; ǻɊ

ɬɪ

–

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ Ⱦɚɪɫɢ–ȼɟɣɫɛɚɯɚ

(ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɚɥɢ-

126

ɱɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ); Ɋ

ɝɪɩ

– ɡɚɛɨɣɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɭɫɬɚ-

ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɨɩɵɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

ɝɪɩ ɝ ɪ

,P Ɋ



ɝɞɟ Ɋ

= ɇȡ

g – ɝɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ; ı

– ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡ-

ɪɵɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ (ı

1,5…3 Ɇɉɚ); ɇ – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ

ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɦ; ȡ

– ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨ-

ɪɨɞ ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 2200…2600 ɤɝ/ɦ

, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 2300 ɤɝ/ɦ

; g – ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨ-

ɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɇ = 2000 ɦ; ı

2 Ɇɉɚ; ȡ

= 2300 ɤɝ/ɦ

;

ɝɪɩ

= 2000·2300·9,8·10

–6

+ 2 | 47 Ɇɉɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɇ < 1000…1200 ɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ

ɝɪɩ

= (0,75…0,8) Ɋ

(ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ).

Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟ-

ɧɟɟ 2 ɦ

/ɦɢɧ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨ-

ɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:

ɜɟɪɬ

Q t

;

ɝɨɪɬ

ɝɨɪ



ɝɞɟ Q

ɜɟɪɬ

, Q

ɝɨɪ

– ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ, ɥ/ɫ; h – ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɫɦ;

ɜɟɪɬ

, W

ɝɨɪ

– ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɵ, ɫɦ;

ȝ – ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɦɉɚ·ɫ; R

– ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɵ, ɫɦ.

ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚ-

ɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ: h

| (5…20) ɦ; W

ɜɟɪɬ

| (1…20) ɫɦ; W

ɝɨɪ

| (1…20) ɫɦ;

ȝ | (50…500) ɦɉɚ·ɫ; R

| (50…80) ɦ.

Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ȽɊɉ:

ɫɪ

ɩɪɠɩɪ

VVV



, ɱɚɫ,

ɝɞɟ V

– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɦ

; V

| (5…10) ɦ

; V

ɠɩ

– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɠɢɞ-

ɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɫɤɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ, ɦ

; V

ɠɩ

/ɋ

, ɝɞɟ Q

– ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ

ɩɟɫɤɚ (Q

| (8…10) ɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜ); ɋ

– ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɜ

1 ɦ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɤɝ/ɦ

; ɋ

| (180…400) ɤɝ/ɦ

– ɞɥɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ

| (40…50) ɤɝ/ɦ

– ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ; V

ɩp

= 0,785

ɜɧ

l – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ; d

ɜɧ

– ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɇɄɌ (ɢ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ); l

– ɞɥɢɧɚ ɇɄɌ

(ɢ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ); Q

ɫɪ

– ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɦ

/ɱɚɫ.

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɨɞɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ q

ɚɝ

ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ Q

max

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ȽɊɉ,

ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ:

max ɚɝ

/1.nQ q 

127

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ 70…100 Ɇɉɚ.

ɉɚɤɟɪɵ ɢ ɹɤɨɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 30…50 Ɇɉɚ,

ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɇɄɌ d

ɜɧ

= 36…72 ɦɦ.

14.2.3. Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ

ɇɟɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɥɹɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɜ ɞɨ

ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɹɬ ɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɚɯ, ɝɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɪɬɚɦɢ ɪɟɡɢɧɵ ɢ ɷɛɨɧɢɬɚɦɢ, ɚ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ –

ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɚɯ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɣ

ɷɦɚɥɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɥɚɤɨɦ. ɍɤɫɭɫɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥ-

ɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɚɯ, ɚ ɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɷɛɨ-

ɧɢɬɨɜɵɯ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɚɯ.

Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ

ɯɪɚɧɹɬ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚ-

ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɯ, ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ 25, 50; 100 ɦ

, ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɢ-

ɫɥɨɬɨɭɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɨɣ (ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɷɦɚɥɹɦɢ, ɥɚɤɚɦɢ, ɝɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ ɛɚɡɵ ɧɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɚɜɬɨɰɢɫ-

ɬɟɪɧɵ-ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɜɨɡɵ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɥɢ

ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɨɣɤɢɦɢ ɷɦɚɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ

ɥɚɤɚɦɢ.

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ȺɁɄ-32 (ɪɢɫ. 87) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚ-

ɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ

ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 87. Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ȺɁɄ-32

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɭ ɤɢ-

ɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ

128

ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫ-

ɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.

Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ȺɁɄ-32 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ

ɟɝɨ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɞɜɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɉɇȾ

ȽɈɋɌ 16338–77), ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.

ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ȺɁɄ-32

Ȼɚɡɚ ....................................................................... ɚ/ɦ ɍɪɚɥ-4320-0001912-30

Ɍɢɩ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ

................................................................ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ ɇ-200Ʉu50

ɉɪɢɜɨɞ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɨɬ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ

ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɟɰ. ɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɸ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ, Ɇɉɚ..............................................32,0

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦ

/ɱɚɫ (ɥ/ɫ)....................................................32,4 (9,0)

ȼɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ, ɦ

.............................................................................4

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɤɝ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ...............5500

Ɂɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨ-

ɬɵ, ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɭɤ-

ɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɧɟɚɝ-

ɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ................................ 9200 u 2500 u 3200

14.2.4. ɇɨɜɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬ

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ-

ɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɪɦɚɦɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ.

Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɛɪɨɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜ-

ɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɵ.

ȺɈɈɌ «ɘɝɚɧɫɤɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡ», ɋɄȻ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɢ ȺɈ

«ɗɥɫɢɛ» ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ

ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ – ɜɢɛɪɨɫɟɣɫɦɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɵ ɫ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ:

x ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɭɸ ɡɚɥɟɠɶ ɢ

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟ-

ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɚɱɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ

ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɥɭɱ-

ɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ;

x ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ-

ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

3…5 ɤɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ;

129

x ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟ-

ɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;

x ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟ-

ɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɬɟɪɪɢɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɞɨ 2,5…3 ɤɦ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ 20…40 % ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ 3…4 ɪɚɡɚ

ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚ-

ɱɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ;

x ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ

ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɫ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ

ɬɟɪɪɢɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚ-

ɞɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɥɨɜɹɡɤɢɯ, ɜɹɡɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɜɹɡɤɢɯ

ɧɟɮɬɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɨɬɨɪɨɱɟɤ ɝɚɡɨɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɟɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵ-

ɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɟɝɨ

ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 88. Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɝɢɛɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɣ

130

Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɢɛɪɨɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚ-

ɫɬɵ ɫ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ-

ɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ

ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɝɢɛɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ (Hydra Rig, ɍɉȾ-5Ɇ).

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɚɡɥɢɮɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɵ-

ɱɟ, ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɩɟɫɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ, ɛɭɪɟɧɢɢ,

ɪɟɡɤɟ

ɇɄɌ, ɤɚɪɬɨɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ, ɤɚɧɚɬ-

ɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɨɤ, ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɚɯ ɫɨ

ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɤɟɪɚɦɢ, ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ (ɪɢɫ. 88).

15. ɉȼɉɋɎȿɉȽȻɈɃɀ ȿɆɚ ɇɀɐȻɈɃɂȻɑɃɃ ɋȻȼɉɍ ɊɋɃ ɉȼɌɆɎɁɃȽȻɈɃɃ

ɈɀɏɍɀɊɋɉɇɖɌɆɉȽ

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ

ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɺɦɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨ ɜɵ-

ɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟ-

ɦɨɧɬɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɬɢɩɚ

2ɉȺɊɋ (ɪɢɫ. 89) ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ

Ɍ-130ɆȽ-1 ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɩɨ ɩɥɚ-

ɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ; ɧɚɪɟɡɚ-

ɧɢɸ ɳɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɹɤɨɪɹ ɨɬɬɹɠɟɤ; ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ ɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭ-

ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɪɚɫɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɩɨɞɴɟɡɞɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɤ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨ-

ɜɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 89. Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ 2ɉȺɊɋ

Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɭɥɶɞɨɡɟɪɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɚɥ 1, ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɧ 5, ɦɟ-

ɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ 8, ɪɟɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɨɪ-