Kolodziejczyk Dariusz. The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania (ENG)

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934 document 55 (21 july–18 august 1640)

to our close servant, our great envoy, Quvvat Bey (may his value increase!), the

model of notables, and converse with him amicably; whatever he announces,

you should perform and trust as he properly conveys our words; also, you should

promptly and without delay send [us] back your friendly letter [muhabbetlik

kaġıdı] through your great envoy, accompanied by your respected men. And,

following the old custom, you should send without deciency your gis [ bölek

ve vėrgüleriŋüz] that used to be sent from the ancient times for the sake of

friendship. For that reason no mere words but a good friendship and harmony

will reign between the two countries.

In this manner I, the great and exalted khan, have concluded a treaty and

agreement for the sake of friendship and brotherhood with you, our brother.

We received your envoy at our audience with respect and attention, honoring

him more than all [other] envoys, spoke to him in words full of aection and

friendliness, concluded the treaty and agreement, and sent. You, too, should

loyally and rmly respect all our agreements, and should not detain our envoy

for long. Although we detained your envoy, above we explained and made clear

why we detained him. Your envoy will arrive and tell you [himself] that we

respected [him].

And now, in order to have fruitful negotiations with you, we have not sent

the beys who used to go previously, but we have sent Quvvat Bey, because he

has been our close servant from among our courtiers being close to us. He is

our good and loyal servant. And, following our wish, you should converse [with

him] amicably, respect [him] and promptly send back. us you must know!

us saying, the letter has been written in the month of Rebi II, in the year

1050, in our capital of Baghchasaray, in the abode of Baghchasaray,

the well-

protected.

[seal] Bahadır Giray Khan, son of Selamet Giray Khan

On the term bölek (“gi”), cf. Document 20, n. 32.

e locatio is redundantly repeated.

In the middle of the seal there is the trident-shaped emblem of the Girays (taraq

tamġa).

DOCUMENT 56 (10–18 AUGUST 1640)

e ‘ahdname sent by Nureddin Qırım Giray to King Vladislaus IV

[Facs. VIII]

Original paper document in Turkish (Crimean Tatar mixed with Ottoman

Turkish): AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 63, t. 47, no. 510.

123.5 × 30 cm. (3 sheets glued together)

invocation (gold): divani script

tuġra (gold): 12.5 × 23 cm.

text (black with gold insertions): divani script

the black almond-like seal of Qırım Giray (1.5 cm. in height) is impressed at

the bottom

Published in Materialy dlja istorii Krymskago xanstva, pp. 256–260.

Polish 17th-century translation by Samuel Otwinowski: a) AGAD, AKW, Dz.

tat., k. 63, t. 47, no. 511 (copied by Antoni Crutta from the Turkish docu-

ment’s reverse side); b) Bibl. Ossol., ms. 3555, fol. 359b–363b.

Hüve al-mu‘in

Qırım Gėrey Sultan bin Selamet [Gėrey] Han sözümüz

[1] Allahu tebareke ve ta‘ala hazretine köb şükürler ve peyġamberimiz

Hazret-i Muhammad ‘aleyhi`s-salavat hazretlerine köpdin köb salavat ve

tahiyat qılġanmızdın soŋra uluġ

[2] yurtnıŋ ve taht-i Qırımnıŋ uluġ nureddin Qırım Gėrey Sultan dame

 hıfzı Rabbina`l-müste‘an hazretlerimizdin haliya Lėh memle ketiniŋ ve

Litvanıŋ

[3] ve köb Urusnıŋ ve Purusnıŋ padişahı bolġan qardaşımız . . .

Qıralġa

‘ahdname-i hümayunumdur ki zikr olunur Allahu tebareke ve te‘ala

[4] ‘amme nevalühü ve tevali hazretleri öz lutfından aġaçamız han şah ‘adalet-

nişannı bu zaman sa‘adet-evanda şah-i cihan ve halife-i devran ve bizni

sultan

[5] ėdüb südde-i seniye-i sa‘adetimizni mesned-i enam ve ‘atebe-i ‘aliyemizni

melaz ve mülteca-i has ve ‘am eyledi umur-i cumhur-i Beni Ademni

qabza-i dest-i meymenet-

[6] -peyvestemizge tefviz ėdüb yarlıġ-i beliġ-i sa‘adet-tebliġimizni cari qılıb

tevqi‘-i re‘-i ‘ali-şan ve hatt-i şerif-i dil-küşamız birle [dostlarımıznı]

mesrur

Faizxanov read this tuġra dierently: Qırım Gėrey Sultan hazretlerimiz sözümüz;

cf. Materialy dlja istorii Krymskago xanstva, p. 256.

Empty space was le to ll in the king’s name.

e word dostlarımıznı is evidently missing; cf. Document 55. As the khan’s document

is written in the rst person singular, while the present document in the rst person

936 document 56 (10–18 august 1640)

[7] ve şadkam eyledi ėrse hamden ‘ala tilke`n-ni‘am uluġ orda ve uluġ

yurtnıŋ ve Deşt-i Qıpçaqnıŋ ve taht-i Qırımnıŋ ve sansız

[8] köb Tatarniŋ ve saġışsız köb Noġaynıŋ ve Tat bile Tavgaçnıŋ ve taġ ara

<Tavgaçnıŋ ve>

Çerkeçniŋ oŋ qolnıŋ ve sol

[9] qolnıŋ uluġ nureddin Qırım Gėrey Sultan hazretlerindin uluġ Urusnıŋ

ve Purusnıŋ ve barça Lėh memleketleriniŋ ve Litvanıŋ

[10] ve Jyumayutnıŋ ve Mazavşanıŋ ve sair köb yėrlerniŋ uluġ qıralı ve

hükümdarıġa köpdin köb selam aytıb nedir haliŋüz

[11] yahşımısız ve hoşmısız dėb

muhabbetlik ve qardaşlıq birle sorġan mızdan

soŋra i‘lam-i yarlıġ-i şerif-i sultani oldur ki bundan

[12] aqdem siz qardaşımız bilen aġaçamız han ‘ali-şan ve haqan zi-şan hazret-

leri dost ve qardaş bolurġa yahşı söyleşüb

[13] ėki yurtnıŋ arasında tüzenlik bolurın tileb uluġ elçilerin göndürgen

ėrdiler Al-i ‘Osman padişahı sa‘adetlü ve devletlü hünkar

[14] hazretleri dahi siziŋ bilen barışıq bolurġa ol zamanda ‘ahdname-i hümayun

cibergenlerinde öz memleketlerine ve bizim vilayetimiz Qırım yurtuna

[15] barçadın İslam ėline siziŋ qarada bolġan serhadlarıŋuzdın hırsız ve

harami çıqub zarar u ziyan etmemek üzere yahşı

[16] zabt ve muhkem tenbih ėterŋüzge ve dahi Özüden şayqa bilen qazaq

çıqarmay yahşı zabt ėdüb Qara Deŋiz yalılarında bolġan

[17] halq rahat bolurġa ve dahi ötken ata ve dedelerimiz ve aġaçalarımız bolġan

havaqin-i salin ‘aleyhime`r-rahmet ve`r-rızvan hazretleri zamanlarında

[18] siz qardaşımıznıŋ ata ve babaları bolġan qırallarnıŋ dostluq ėtüb cibere-

kelgen vėrgü ve hazineni her yıl zamanındın qaldırmay bi-qusur göndürmek

[19] şartı üzere barça ‘ahd ü peyman ‘ayan ve beyan qılġan ėrdi bundan soŋra

vilayetiŋüzge aqın etdirmey ve beş-baş göndürmey zabt ėdüb qaçub

[20] barġan eşqıyanıŋ muhkem haqqından kelüb Aqkermen ve Cankermen

etrafında bolġan barça Tatar ve Noġay halqını dahi sürüb Qırımġa

ketürüb eşqıya

[21] ve haramzade ta’ifeni öltürüb cezasın bėrüb bizge tüşken barça dostluqnı

ve barışıqlıqnı murad üzere yerine ketürüb

[22] hiç bir sözümüzde ve özümüzde hata ve hilaf bolmaġan ėrdi bu ortalıqda

sizni dost ve qardaş dėb göndürgen ėlçimizni ve niçe

[23] kişilerimizni muhabbetname yarlıġ-i şerier bile siz qardaşımızġa ve

hetmanlarıŋuzġa dostluq ve qardaşlıq içün cibergenmizde sav-esen

[24] vilayetiŋizge dahil bolġan soŋra öz memleketiŋüz içinde kişilerimizni

tib-tiri ġa’ib ėtib bizge qayta cibermey yoq etdiŋüz

[25] tekrar savlıqların bilüb haber alub zabtla memleketde munday iş bolurmı

ba-husus qardaşlıqġa barġan ėlçini şulay

[26] ėterlermi siziŋ padişahlıqŋuzġa tüşer iş tüküldür dėb yine muhabbetna-

meler bile tiley göndürgenmizde yoqdur tapmaduq dėb

plural, the word dostlarımnı (“my friends”) appearing in Document 55 has been

changed here into dostlarımıznı (“our friends”).

Apparently repeated by mistake; cf. the intitulatio in other documents.

It can be also read deyib.

document 56 (10–18 august 1640) 937

[27] ėlçimüzni yoq etdiŋüz mundan ġayri serhad cerlerimizde Ordın tışqarı

köçe-turġan ėlimizge ve Qırım ve Noġay mallarına qaradın atlu

[28] qazaġıŋuz niçe kerre kelüb köb mal ve niçe tusnaq

aldılar hiç eksik

bolmadı niçe kerre kelgenlerinde serhadlarımızda bolġan qullarımız

bozub

[29] niçesin tüşürüb ve alġan malların dahi ba‘zısın saldırub tiller ketürüb

söyletdigimizde asli bile haber bildik ve`l-hasıl bir kerre Öziden

[30] qazaq eksik bolmadı ve Kara Deŋizge dahi şayqalarıŋuz çıqub Rum-

ėlinde niçe ėlleri ve köyleri urub köb tusnaq ve mal aldılar ve Qırım

[31] yalılarına dahi niçe kerre kelüb deŋizge yaqın köylerimizge çıqub ġal

ėken hırsızlıq bilen tusnaqlar alub yine ıraqdan turub cı[yı]luvlaşdılar

[32] ve köb zarar etdiler alayda bolsa biz ‘ahdimizde turub sizge sefer etme-

dük ve beş-başnı zabt ėdüb qaçub barġanlarnı dahi talab cezasın

[33] berdik siz qardaşımızġa cibergen elçimiz Qutlu-şah Beyni qadimi vėrgü

ve hedayamız bilen tiz cibermegiŋüzni tiley ėki yıldan artıq sabr eyledik

[34] siz dahi bu kün yarın dėb cubatıb

hazine ve ėlçiŋüzni çaq Baġdad qal‘esi

feth bolġança cibermey ėlçimizni tutduġuŋuznı tahqiq

[35] bildik ėlçiŋüz keldügünde ayin-i qadimi üzere say ve ri‘ayet bilen

ėlçiŋizni keltürüb hedaya ve hazineŋüznı alduġumuzda ötken ‘adetçe

[36] temam kelmedi biz burunġı aġaçalarımız qadar dostluq etmedikmi dėb

sorġanmızda az da bolsa budur bahşişniŋ yüzine baqılmaz dėb ėlçiŋüz

[37] cevab vėrdigide biz dahi ėlçiŋüzge cefa ėtmey yahşı say ve ri‘ayetimiz

bilen soyurġalımıznı bėrüb bu zamanġa dek cibermey qonladıq ve

burundan

[38] <hilaf ėdüb>

dostluq arasında hilaf ėdüb vilayetimizden alınġan tusnaq

ve köb malnı ve hazinemizniŋ noqsanın dahi bi-‘inayeti`llahi

[39] `l-meliki`l-mu‘in temam haqlaşdıq imdi siz de bolsaŋuz sa‘adetlü ve

devletlü hünkar hazretlerine ėlçi ciberüb yine burunġıday

[40] barışıqlıq tilebsiz gerçi hünkar hazretleri uluġ padişah ve bizim dahi ulu-

muzdur biz dahi

siz qardaşımız bilen barışa-kelgenmiz sizde

[41] şimdi haqqımız sözümüz qalmadı şimden soŋra sa‘adetlü han aġaçamız

hazretleriniŋ ‘ahdname-i hümayunı mucibince eger qaradan ve eger

deŋizden qazaġıŋuznı

[42] yahşı zabt ėdüb ehl-i İslamdan bir ferde zarar olmamaq üzere ve

hırsızıŋuznı yahşı zabt ėdüb öltürüb alġan malin qayta cibermek üzere

[43] ve qanun-i qadim üzere her yıl dostluġiyçün vaqt u zamanındın bir

kün keçkedirmey bi`t-temam hazinemizni ve sair tokuzlama hedaya ve

vėrgüleriŋüzni

On the term tusnaq, see Document 55, n. d.

رﻼﻳﺪﺷﻻوﻠﺟ; perhaps it should read رﻼﻳﺪﺷﻻﻮﻟﻴﺟ like in Document 55; for a tenta-

tive interpretation of this fragment, see Document 55, n. e.

On this verb, cf. Document 55, n. f.

e phrase hilaf ėdüb, entered by error, is crossed out.

e word dahi is entered below the line.

938 document 56 (10–18 august 1640)

[44] bi-qusur göndürmek şartıyla niçük kim han hazretleriniŋ ‘ahdname-i

hümayunları içinde dahi beyan qılınġandır bu minval üzere sözde doġrı

tabılub

[45] dost ve qardaş bolur içün ėlçiŋüzni

siz qardaşımızġa qayta göndürüb

‘ahdname bile uluġ elçilerin göndürmegin biz dahi han

[46] hazretleriniŋ ‘ahdnameleri üzere ‘ahd ėdüb dostuŋuzġa dost ve tüşmanıŋuzġa

tüşman bolub dostluq ve qardaşlıq içün bizim dahi ‘ahdnamemiz

[47] bile qıdvetü`l-emasil ve`l-aqran uluġ ėlçimiz Devlet Ġazi zide qadruhunı

sizge göndürdük imdi siz

dahi sözde doġrı tabılub

[48] ve muhkem dost ve qardaş bolub bu minval üzere qaradan ve deŋizdin

qazaġıŋuznı zabt ėdüb hazinemizni bi`t-temam cibergeysiz şulay kim ‘ahd

[49] ve şartımızda muhalif iş bolmaġay özimizden ve Tatar ‘askerimizdin ve

qaraçı qullarımıznı barçasın men‘ ve def ‘ ve zabt eyledik sözümüz bir dir

[50] hiç hilaf bolmasdır bu kündin soŋra dostuŋuzġa dost ve tüşmanıŋuzġa

tüşmanmız şol şart bile kim sözde doġrı ve muhkem tabılub ėlçi

[51] ve hazine bilen dostluq ve qardaşlıqıŋuznı bildirüb ‘ömr-i ahırıġaça dost-

luq ve muhabbetlikde ve barça ‘ahd ü peymanda çınlıq ėtkeysiz oşlay

[52] bolgay dėb hat bitildi baqi ve`d-du‘a ‘ala men at-teba‘u`l-Hüda  evahiri

mah-i Rebi‘ü`l-ahir sene-i 1050

bi-maqami

Baġçesaray

el-mahruse

Qırım Gėrey Sultan bin Selamet Gėrey Han

Translation:

He, the Helper!

[tuġra] Qırım Giray Sultan, son of Selamet [Giray] Khan: our word:

Aer we have pronounced many thanks to His Excellency, God (may He be

blessed and exalted!), and great many prayers and salutations to his excellency,

our prophet Muhammad (prayers be upon him!), from our excellency, the great

nureddin of the great country [yurt] and the Crimean throne, Qırım Giray Sul-

tan (may he last under protection of our Lord, whose aid is implored!), to our

brother, King . . .,

being presently the emperor [padişah] of Poland, Lithuania,

and many [lands of] Ruthenia and Prussia:

My imperial ‘ahdname is as follows: His Excellency, God (may He be blessed

and exalted!), whose benecence is universal and continuous, made out of His

favor my elder brother, the khan, the just shah in this prosperous time, the ruler

of the world and the caliph of the epoch, and [also made] me the [nureddin]

A superuous stroke is written above the letter lam.

e locative sux -de (i.e., sizde) added and then erazed; cf. Document 55.

Text of the seal.

Empty space was le to ll in the king’s name.

document 56 (10–18 august 1640) 939

sultan, and He turned our prosperous exalted threshold [i.e., court] into the

basis of mankind, and our elevated court into the asylum and refuge of the

high and the low [i.e., elite and commoners]. As He committed the aairs of the

community of the sons of Adam [i.e., mankind] to the grasp of our auspicious

hand[s], He put our eloquent yarliq, announcing prosperity, into circulation,

making [our friends]

happy and rejoicing by means of our illustrious sublime

rescript and noble joy-giving writing. Praise [to Him] for those favors!

From his excellency, the great nureddin of the Great Horde and great coun-

try [yurt], the Kipchak Steppe, the Crimean throne, innumerable Tatars and

countless Nogays, Tats and Tavgaches,

mountain Circassians,

the [troops

of the] right wing and the le wing, Qırım Giray Sultan, to the great king

and ruler of Ruthenia, Prussia, all the Polish domains, Lithuania, Samogitia,

Mazovia, and many other places: aer having expressed great many salutations

and asked with aection and brotherliness: “how are you?,” “do you feel well?”

and “are you doing well?,” the message of the noble princely

yarliq is that:

Previously, in order to keep friendship and brotherhood with you, our brother,

his excellency, our elder brother, the illustrious khan and glorious khakan,

exchanged good words [with you], and in desire of harmony between the two

countries sent his great envoys. At that time also his excellency, the Ottoman

padishah, the prosperous and illustrious sovereign, sent an imperial ‘ahdname

in order to make peace with you, providing that you should stand guard and

rmly order so that the thieves and robbers could not set out through your land

borders and commit damage and harm to his own dominions, or our country,

the Crimean land, or any Islamic land; moreover, that you should stand guard

so that the Cossacks could not set out from the Dnieper on their boats [şayqa]

and the people dwelling on the Black Sea shores may live in peace. Moreover, in

the times of their excellencies, the previous khans (may God’s mercy and appro-

bation be upon them!), who were our father, grandfathers, and elder brothers,

all treaties and agreements remained manifest and clear on the condition that

the gis [vėrgü] and treasure [hazine], which used to be sent in expression of

friendship, were to be sent each year, without any delay or omission, by the

kings, who were the ancestors and fathers of yours, our brother.

ereaer, we assured that there would be no raid or small raid [beş-baş]

against your country, we severely punished runaway brigands, we resettled all

Tatars and Nogays, who had been dwelling in the vicinity of Akkerman and

Djankerman [i.e., Očakiv], to the Crimea, and we killed and punished brigands

Cf. n. c above.

On the Tats and Tavgaches, see Document 48, n. 8, and Document 49, n. 1.

Lit. “Circassians [living] among mountains.”

e Tatar term Jyumayut must be a corrupt rendering of the Polish term Żmudź

(Lith. Žemaitija, i.e., Samogitia).

While in the khan’s letter the adjective hani (“monarchic,” lit. “of the khan”) is

used (cf. Document 55), here the nureddin refers to his yarliq as sultani (lit. “sul-

tanic”); as in the Crimean context the title sultan applied to any prince from the

Giray dynasty, but not to the ruling monarch, the adjective sultani is rendered here

as “princely.”

Lit. “[a raid committed by] ve heads.”

940 document 56 (10–18 august 1640)

and villains; [in short,] we fullled all the requirements of friendship and rec-

onciliation that fell to us, without any fraud or contravention.

Meanwhile, for the sake of friendship and brotherhood we sent to you, our

brother, and to your hetmans, our envoy and a number of our men along with

a friendly letter [muhabbetname] and noble yarliqs, announcing friendship and

brotherly aection towards you; though they were well and in good health when

we sent them, aer they entered your country, well and healthy, you made our

men disappear in your own country and you never sent them back to us! As

we knew that they were healthy, upon receiving news [of their disappearance]

we again sent friendly letters asking: “how could such a thing happen in an

orderly state, especially to an envoy going with a brotherly purpose? it is your

responsibility as a ruler to investigate [the matter]!” And you replied: “they are

not here; we did not nd [them],” [thus] making our envoy disappear.

Besides, your mounted Cossacks came many times by land [raiding] our subjects

wandering on the outer side of Or [i.e., Perekop], situated on our border moat,

and [capturing] the Tatar and Nogay property [i.e., cattle],

and they captured

a lot of property and many captives, and it never stopped. Many times when

they came, they defeated our servants guarding the borders, killed many of them,

and they rushed some of the captured cattle and prisoners taken for informa-

tion [tiller] to go with them. And when we let [you] know it, [you answered:]

“we had absolutely no idea.” In sum, in no way did the Cossacks disappear from the

Dnieper. Also your [Cossack] boats [şayqalar] set out to the Black Sea, raided

many lands and villages in Rumelia, and captured numerous captives and prop-

erty. ey also came many times to the Crimean shores, appeared in our vil-

lages situated close to the sea, and treacherously captured those unaware; and

again, keeping at a distance, they gathered [again] and caused much damage.

Nevertheless, we kept our oath, did not commit raids against you, prevented

small raids [ beş-baş], and administered desired punishments to those who

escaped [our control]. We patiently waited over two years for our envoy, Qutlu-

shah Bey, sent to you, our brother, with the request that you promptly send

[him back] along with the ancient gis [vėrgü] and presents [hedaya]. And

you procrastinated saying: “today, tomorrow,” and did not send the treasure

[hazine] and your envoy until the conquest of the fortress of Baghdad,

while

we knew well that you had detained our envoy. When your envoy [nally]

arrived, we received him with respect and attention according to the ancient

custom; [yet,] when we collected your presents and treasure, they were incom-

plete, [un]tting the former custom. When we asked: “did not we display as

much friendship as our past [i.e., formerly reigning] elder brothers?,” your

envoy answered: “even if it is not much, that’s it; one should not measure a

[ freely given] tip;”

nevertheless, we did not oppress your envoy, but we paid

Cf. Document 55, n. 6.

e term mal refers to any kind of property, but in the given context especially

to cattle.

e Ottoman reconquest of Baghdad, lost to the Safavids in 1624, occurred in

December 1638.

e expression bahşişniŋ yüzüne baqılmaz is similar to the Turkish proverb atın

dişine baqılmaz (“never look into the mouth of a gi horse”); on the royal envoy,

Krzysztof Dzierżek, cf. Document 55, n. 10.

document 56 (10–18 august 1640) 941

him respect and attention, granted him our favor, and did not send him [back],

putting him up until the present time. And, by the grace of God, the Lord and

the Helper, we entirely resigned from any [further] claims regarding the cap-

tives and large property, captured in our country in violation of the ancient

friendship, as well as the deciency in our treasure [that you sent us].

Now, you sent an envoy to his excellency, the prosperous and illustrious

[Ottoman] sovereign, and requested to restore the old peace. Although his

excellency, the sovereign, is a great padishah, we are great, too. We also used

to make peace with you, our brother. Now, we have no more claims from you.

From now on, if, according to the imperial ‘ahdname of his excellency, our

elder brother, the prosperous khan, you rmly hold your Cossacks on land and

on sea so that they do not bring harm to any Muslim, you promptly arrest and

kill the thieves and send back the property stolen by them, and on the condi-

tion that, according to the ancient law, each year, for the sake of friendship,

you send [us] our [i.e., owed to us] complete treasure, and your other presents

[hedaya] and gis [vėrgüler] arranged in sets of nine objects,

without de-

ciency or even one day delay, as is also declared in the imperial ‘ahdname of

his excellency, the khan, in this manner the agreement will be loyally respected;

as in order to keep friendship and brotherhood [the khan] has sent back to you,

our brother, your envoy, and he has sent his [own] great envoy along with the

‘ahdname, also we have sworn an oath [‘ahd] in accordance with the ‘ahdname

of his excellency, the khan, and for the sake of friendship and brotherhood—

being a friend to your friend and an enemy to your enemy—we have sent you

our great envoy, Devlet Ghazi (may his value increase!), the model of nobles

and peers, along with our ‘ahdname.

Now, while you should loyally and rmly respect the agreement, preserving

friendship and brotherhood, and, in this manner, hold your Cossacks on land

and on sea, and send our treasure without deciency, so that nothing should

happen contrary to our oath and engagements, [also] from our side and from

the side of our Tatar troops [nothing contrary should happen], and we have

stopped, restrained, and taken in hold the qaraçıs [and] all our servants. Our

word is sound and nothing contrary will happen. From this day on, we will

be a friend of your friend and an enemy of your enemy, on such a condition

that you should loyally and rmly respect the agreement and let [us] know

your friendship and brotherly aection through your envoy and by [sending] a

treasure, keeping friendship and aection until the end of [your] life, and being

completely honest in regard to the treaty and agreement. So it should be!

us saying, the letter has been written—I have nothing to add but a prayer

for whomsoever is a follower of the right path [i.e., Islam]!—in the third decade

of the month of Rebi II of the year 1050, in the abode of Baghchasaray, the

well-protected.

[seal] Qırım Giray Sultan, son of Selamet Giray Khan

On the Turco-Mongolian custom, according to which a gi should have con-

sisted of nine objects, see Document 31, n. 15.

Unlike the khan’s seal, the nureddin’s seal does not contain the trident-shaped

emblem of the Girays (taraq tamġa).

DOCUMENT 57 (19–28 AUGUST 1640)

e ‘ahdname sent by Qalga İslam Giray to King Vladislaus IV

[Facs. IX]

Original paper document in Turkish (Crimean Tatar mixed with Ottoman

Turkish): AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 63, t. 48, no. 512.

125 × 30 cm. (3 sheets glued together)

invocation (black): divani script

tuġra (gold on the black oral-shaped background): 12.5 × 21 cm.

text (black with gold insertions, ornamented with scattered golden dots):

divani script

the black almond-like seal of İslam Giray (2 cm. in height) is impressed at

the bottom

Published in Materialy dlja istorii Krymskago xanstva, pp. 260–263.

Polish 17th-century translation by Samuel Otwinowski: a) AGAD, AKW,

Dz. tat., k. 63, t. 48, no. 513 (copied by Antoni Crutta from the Turkish docu-

ment’s reverse side); b) Bibl. Ossol., ms. 3555, fol. 357a–359b.

Hüve al-mu‘in

İslam Gėrey Sultan hazretlerimiz sözümüz

[1] Uluġ ordanıŋ ve uluġ yurtnıŋ ve taht-i Qırımnıŋ ve Deşt-i Qıpçaqnıŋ ve

sansız köb Tatarnıŋ ve saġışsız köb Noġaynıŋ

[2] ve Tat bile Tavgaçnıŋ ve taġ ara Çerkeçnıŋ ve oŋ qolnıŋ

ve barça ümmet-i

Muhammadniŋ ve yüz on miŋ tümenniŋ uluġ padişahı ve hem

[3] uluġ qalġa sultanı bolġan halefü`s-selatini`l-‘uzam şerefü`l-havaqini`l-ki-

ram sa‘adetlü ve şeca‘atlu mėn qaġılġay İslam Gėrey Sultan edame`llahu

ta‘ala

[4] ömrehü ve devletehü ve nasara a‘vanahu ve ansarahu hazretlerimiz-

den uluġ ordanıŋ ve uluġ yurtnıŋ ve Lėh memleketiniŋ ve Litvanıŋ ve

Mazavisqanıŋ

[5] ve Jmudnıŋ ve İansqanıŋ ve Kiyovsqanıŋ ve Polotsqanıŋ ve İsmalinsqanıŋ

ve köp Hrıstyannıŋ uluġ padişahı bolġan dördünci

In the edition of Vel’jaminov-Zernov and Faizxanov this fragment is mistakenly

“corrected” by the addition of a redundant phrase ve sol qolnıŋ (“and of the le wing”);

cf. Materialy dlja istorii Krymskago xanstva, p. 260. According to the Genghisid tra-

dition, the qalga commanded over the right wing of the troops while the khan was

responsible for the whole army, commanding from the center; cf. Senai, Historia

chana Islam Gereja III, pp. 151–152, n. 93. Hence, in the khan’s intitulatio both wings

should be mentioned, but in the qalga’s one only the right wing.

document 57 (19–28 august 1640) 943

[6] qıral qarındaşımız Vıladıslav ve köb yerlerniŋde bolsa hükümdarıġa muhab-

betlik birle selam ėdüb nedir haliŋiz ve hatırıŋuz yahşımısız hoşmısız dėb

[7] haliŋiz ve hem hatırıŋuz sorġanmızdan soŋra i‘lam-i yarlıġ-i şerif

muhabbet-redif-i sultani budurki bundan aqdem uluġ uçmaqlı ecdad-i

‘uzamım ve aba-i

[8] kiramımız enara`llahu merqadahum hazretleri Haci Gėrey Han ve Men-

gli Gėrey Han ve Sahib Gėrey Han askanahum Allahu `l-ġirasi`l-cinan

hazretleri siziŋ ceddiŋüz

[9] Aġış qıral ile ‘ahd-i iman ve şart-i peyman ėdüb dost ve qardaş bolġan

sebebli mėn uluġ qaġılġay nusret-aray hazretlerimiz dahi ol

[10] ‘uhud ve şurut üzere qa’im ve sabit bolub işbu ‘ahdname ve şartna-

memiz birle uluġ ėlçimiz qıdvetü`l-aqran Arslan Aġa zide qadruhunı

yiberüb nedir haliŋiz

[11] ve hatırıŋuz yahşımısız hoşmısız dėb sorġanmızdan soŋra sa‘adetlü ve

şeca‘atlu aġaçamız han ‘ali-şan hazretleriniŋ emr-i şerieri ve ‘ahdna-

me-i hümayunlarında

[12] ferman buyurılan buyuruqları birle ‘amil ve murad-i şerieri üzere

hareket ve qadimi taraf-i Çingiziye ‘aid olan hazine ve hedayayı ber

vech-i

[13] qanun-i qadim tekmil ve tetmim irsal ve isal olunursa mėn qarındaşıŋuz

qaġılġay nusret-aray hazretlerimiz taqı qadimi ‘aqd u rabt olunan ‘uhud

[14] ve şurut üzere muhkem turub ve sa‘adetlü ve şevketlü ve mehabetlü ve

devletlü aġaçamız han ‘ali-şan halladet hilafetühü ila yevmi`l-mizan

[15] hazretleriniŋ emr-i şerieri [birle]

uzun uzaq dost ve qardaş bolub

turarmız dostuŋuzġa dost ve düşmanıŋızga düşman bolub

[16] ve ömr-i ahırgaça qa’im bolub buyurdumki vileyetiŋüzge cavlay

barmamdır hatırıŋuz hoş dutub dostluq şeraitin ve qardaşlıq merasimin

[17] yerine ketürüb ber vech-i qanun-i qadim uluġ hazine ve hedayayı yiber-

geysiz sa‘adetlü aġaçamız han dame`l-‘izz ve`l-‘unvan hazretleri birle

qalay

[18] ‘ahd-i iman ve şart-i peyman ėtdiŋüz ėrse ol ‘uhud ve şurut üzere

olduġumuza i‘timad ėdüb aġaçamız han hazretleriniŋ

[19] fermanınca barça buyuruqlarına ‘amel qılub her yıl sayın uluġ hazinele-

rin vėrüb ve ėlçimizge ri‘ayet qılub uluġ ėlçiŋüzni yibergeysiz

[20] ve Özi qazaqlarını ve sair eşqıyalarıŋuznı zabt ve muhkem tenbih ve

yasaq qılġaysız kim kerek bizim memleketimizge ve kerek Al-i ‘Osman

memleketlerine

[21] qaradan ve deryadan bir vechle zarar ve ziyan ėrişdirmegeyler ve keçen

sefer dahi siz ‘ahdiŋüzge durmay şayqaŋuz çıqub

[22] ve qaradan kelüb mal alub ve ėlçiŋiz hedayayı eksik vėrüb bahşişiŋ

yüzine baqılmaz deyü çevab vėrdügiyçün ėdi şimden soŋra

It can be also read deyib.

e word birle is apparently missing; Vel’jaminov-Zernov and Faizxanov mark

this place with three dots; cf. Materialy dlja istorii Krymskago xanstva, p. 261.