Kolodziejczyk Dariusz. The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania (ENG)

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DOCUMENT 59 (19 AUGUST 1649)

e Polish instrument of the Treaty of Zborów (Zboriv), issued

by King John Casimir

e original document is missing.

Polish copies:

A. AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 62, t. 3, no. 334.

B. AGAD, Metryka Koronna, Libri Legationum, no. 33, fol. 72a–72b.

C. Bibl. Czart., ms. 144 (Teki Naruszewicza), pp. 433–435.

D. Biblioteka Gdańska PAN, ms. 724, fol. 180b–181b.

E. L’vivs’ka Naukova Biblioteka im. V. Stefanyka NAN Ukrajiny, fond 5

(Oss.), opys 1, no. II-225 (a digital copy also available in Wrocław in Bibl.

Ossol.: kopia elektroniczna sygn. DE-508), fol. 243a–244a.

Yet another, unidentied contemporary copy is published in Pamjatniki

izdannye Kievskoju Kommissieju dlja razbora drevnix aktov, vol. 1 (2nd ed.)

(Kiev, 1898), pp. 364–365.

Latin translations:

A. Bibl. Czart., ms. 144 (Teki Naruszewicza), pp. 427–428.

B. Bibl. Czart., ms. 144 (Teki Naruszewicza), pp. 429–432.

Zjechawszy się najjaśniejszy, najpotężniejszy i najsławniejszy między królami,

sławą i szczęściem od Boga

uwielbiony, wielkich królestw i szerokich państw,

i wielu narodów monarcha, Jan Kazimierz z łaski bożej

król polski, wielkie

książę litewskie, ruskie, pruskie, mazowieckie, żmudzkie, inantskie, smoleń-

skie, czernihowskie, etc., i też szwedzki, gotski, wandalski dziedziczny król

-c

wolnym Wielkiej Ordy carem Islan Giereiem,

cerkaskim, nahaiskim, pere-

kopskim, petiorskim, szemskim,

i chanem krymskim, przyjacielem i bratem,

takie między sobą pakta postanowili: iż od dnia dzisiejszego zawierają między

sobą wieczną przyjaźń, która między najjaśniejszym, najpotężniejszym i naj-

sławniejszym

Janem Kazimierzem, królem polskim, i następcami jego kró-

e copies A. and B., held in the Crown Archives, should be regarded as ocial

ones, even though they do not contain the locatio and datatio that are present in

the remaining copies and must have appeared on the original instrument that was

corroborated by the king and sent to the khan. e B. copy also contains numerous

shortenings. Nevertheless, these two copies form the basis of the present edition while

only major textual variations of the remaining copies are annotated.

B. w Bogu.

b–c

B. król polski etc.; E. król polski, wielkie książę litewskie, ruskie, pruskie, mazowie-

ckie, podlaskie, wołyńskie, żmudzkie, inandskie, smoleńskie, czerniehowskie, i szwedzki,

gottski, wandalski dziedziczny król.

B. Isłan Gereiem.

B. cerkaskim, nahayskim, perekopskim, petyorskim, szemskim; on the corrupt term

szemski, cf. Document 46, n. e.

B. najjaśniejszym etc.; hereaer the king is titled in this copy merely as najjaśniejszy.

document 59 (19 august 1649) 955

lami polskimi, i domem Sultan

Giereiów wieczna i nienaruszona trwać ma;

względem której przyjaźni obiecują sobie wzajem pomoc przeciwko spólnemu

nieprzyjacielowi, kiedy jeden od drugiego tej pomocy potrzebować będzie.

Naśladując tenże najjaśniejszy, najpotężniejszy i najsławniejszy Jan Kazi-

mierz, król polski, chęci i hojności przodków swoich, królów polskich, prze-

ciwko wolnym Wielkich Ord carom i chanom krymskim, obiecuje dawać

zwyczajne

temuż chanowi Islan Giereiowi

według dawnych pakt upominki,

z kondycyjami w dawnych paktach wyrażonemi,

które upominki najjaśniej-

szy, najpotężniejszy i najsławniejszy Król Jego Miłość polski

do Kamieńca

na czas zwyczajny odsyłać rozkaże, a wolny Wielkich Ord car i chan krymski

tamże posłańca swego po nie sobie ześle, który je odbierać będzie. Obiecuje

przy tym wolny Wielkich Ord car i chan krymski, że od tego czasu wiecz-

nemi

czasy ordy krymskie, nahaiskie, kalmudzkie,

budziackie, oczakow-

skie, dobruckie, i zgoła żadne, także żaden z murzów i begów,

i namniejszą

watahą w państwa najjaśniejszego, najpotężniejszego i najsławniejszego Króla

Jego Miłości polskiego nigdy wpadać ani szkód żadnych czynić nie będą, o co

wszelakim sposobem starać się i bronić tego tenże Wielkiej Ordy wolny car i

chan krymski za się i za potomki swe obiecuje.

A że tenże Wielkiej Ordy wolny car i chan krymski wniósł prośbę do naj-

jaśniejszego, najpotężniejszego i najsławniejszego Króla Jego Miłości

za woj-

skiem zaporoskim,

aby im ten występek o

bunty i wznieconą wojnę odpuścił,

tedy najjaśniejszy, najpotężniejszy i najsławniejszy Król Jego Miłość, za upo-

korzeniem się i oddaniem wiernego poddaństwa tegoż wojska zaporoskiego

uczynił z nimi

miłosierdzie, że na przyczynę Wielkiej Ordy wolnego cara

i chana krymskiego odpuszcza im ten

występek i przy dawnych wojsko to

zaporoskie wolnościach zostawuje, według osobnego z nimi postanowienia.

A gdyby wolny Wielkiej Ordy car i chan krymski potrzebował przeciwko

spólnym nieprzyjaciołom posiłków, lub wojskiem zaporowskim [sic], lub

inszym, tedy mu tego najjaśniejszy, najpotężniejszy i najsławniejszy Król Jego

Miłość polski pozwolić obiecuje. Wzajem też, gdyby najjaśniejszy, najpotęż-

niejszy i najsławniejszy Król Jego Miłość polski tego potrzebował, tedy bądź

wszystką

ordą, bądź częścią jej według potrzeby najjaśniejszego, najpotężniej-

szego i najsławniejszego Króla Jego Miłości polskiego

posiłkować go tenże

B. Sułtan.

Missing in B.

B. Isłan Giereiowi.

B. wyrażonymi.

B. Jan Kazimierz, król polski.

B. Kamieńca Podolskiego.

B. wiecznymi.

B. nahayskie, kałmudzkie.

B. beiów.

B. Króla Jego Miłości polskiego.

In B. here and hereaer: zaporozkim.

It should rather read i like in B.

B. nad nimi.

B. tenże.

B. wszytką.

956 document 59 (19 august 1649)

wolny Wielkiej Ordy car i chan krymski obiecuje.

-w

Przyjaciołom zaś spólnym

mają być przyjaciołami, jako i nieprzyjaciołom spólnym nieprzyjaciołami.

A iż z tego miejsca obrócić się nie może wolny Wielkiej Ordy car i chan

krymski,

tylko przez państwa najjaśniejszego, najpotężniejszego i najsław-

niejszego Króla Jego Miłości polskiego, starać się o to obiecuje

tenże wolny

Wielkiej Ordy car i chan krymski, aby to powrócenie jego było jako z naj-

mniejszą szkodą państw

najjaśniejszego, najpotężniejszego i najsławniejszego

Króla Jego Miłości.

Wojsko to, pod Zbarażem które jest,

przy posłańcu najjaśniejszego, naj-

potężniejszego i najsławniejszego Króla Jego Miłości

na to naznaczonym i

zesłanym ma być nieodwłocznie uwolnione tak, żeby i orda i to, cokolwiek

jest wojska zaporoskiego bez wszelakiej odwłoki odstąpiło, a wojsko to ze

Zbaraża

bezpiecznie do Króla Jego Miłości ściągnąć się mogło.

Takie tedy między sobą umowy i pakta postanowiwszy, obiecują sobie wzajem

wszelkim

sposobem cale i nienaruszenie ich wiecznemi

czasy dotrzymać.

[Działo się w obozie pod Zborowem, dnia XIX miesiąca sierpnia roku od

narodzenia Boga i Zbawiciela naszego Jesusa Christusa tysiąc sześćset czter-

dziestego dziewiątego, panowania królestw naszych polskiego I, a szwedz-

kiego II roku].

Translation:

Having met, the illustrious, most powerful and glorious among the kings, blessed

by God with glory and good fortune, the monarch of great kingdoms, exten-

sive states, and many nations, John Casimir, by the grace of God the king of

Poland, the grand duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogitia,

Livonia, Smolensk, Černihiv, etc., and also the hereditary king of the Swedes,

Goths, and Vandals, with the free tsar

of the Great Horde, Islam Giray, [the

v–w

B. posiłkować obiecuje.

B. Przyjaciołom zaś spólnym mają być przyjaciółmi, jako i nieprzyjaciołom

nieprzyjaciółmi.

B. A iż z tego miejsca wolny Wielkiej Ordy car i chan krymski obrócić się nie może.

B. starać się i o to obiecuje.

B. państwa.

In A. crossed out and corrected: wojsko to, które jest pod Zbarażem.

B. Króla Jego Miłości polskiego.

B. a wojsko z pod Zbaraża.

B. wszelakim.

B. wiecznymi.

Missing in A. and B. us in E. (a slightly dierent version appears in Pam-

jatniki: Działo się w obozie pod Zborowem, die 19 augusti 1649 roku od narodzenia

Zbawiciela naszego Jezusa Chrystusa, panowania królestw naszych polskiego pierwszego,

szwedzkiego 16 [sic; apparently the copyist or editor mistook the Roman numeral II

for the Arabic numeral 16] roku); in C. Działo się pod Zborowem die 19 Augusti 1649;

in D. Działo się w obozie pod Zborowem, dnia 19 Augusti anno 1649.

On the expression wolny car (“free khan,” lit. “free tsar”), cf. Document 44, n. 1.

In the previous documents this expression is consequently translated as “free khan,”

but in the present one Islam Giray is repeatedly referred to as “the free tsar of the

document 59 (19 august 1649) 957

ruler] of the Circassians, Nogays, Perekop, the Circassians

and innumerable

[Tatars],

the Crimean khan, the [royal] friend and brother, they have mutu-

ally resolved to make the following agreement [stipulating] that from this day

on they enter eternal friendship that should last forever and stay intact between

the illustrious, most powerful and glorious king of Poland, John Casimir, as

well as his successors, the kings of Poland, and the House of the Giray princes

[sultans]; in regard to the aforementioned friendship they mutually engage to

assist each other against a common enemy, whenever one needs the assistance

from the other.

Following the goodwill and generosity of his ancestors, the kings of Poland,

towards the free tsars of the Great Hordes, the Crimean khans, the illustrious,

most powerful and glorious king of Poland, John Casimir, promises to give

the customary gis to the aforementioned khan, Islam Giray, according to the

ancient agreements and following the conditions expressed in the ancient trea-

ties; His illustrious, most powerful and glorious Majesty, the king of Poland,

will order to send the above gis to Kamieniec [Podolski] in due time, while the

free tsar of the Great Hordes, the Crimean khan, will send his envoy there so

that he may collect them. Consequently, the free tsar of the Great Hordes, the

Crimean khan, engages that from now on in perpetuity the Crimean, Nogay,

Kalmyk,

Budjak, Očakiv, and Dobrudjan hordes, or any other [hordes], or

any mirza or bey at the head of even a smallest band, will never invade or

bring any damage to the states of His illustrious, most powerful and glorious

Majesty, the king of Poland; the free tsar of the Great Horde and the Crimean

khan promises on his behalf and on behalf of his descendants to look to it and

forbid [such raids] by all means.

And because the free tsar of the Great Horde and the Crimean khan has

submitted a request to His illustrious, most powerful and glorious Royal Maj-

esty on behalf of the Zaporozhian troops [i.e., the Cossacks] so that he remit

them their crime of rebellion and provoking the war, upon the prostration and

declaration of loyal obedience by the Zaporozhian troops, His illustrious, most

powerful and glorious Royal Majesty has granted them mercy, [announcing]

that he remits their crime on the intercession of the free tsar of the Great Horde

Great Horde” (wolny Wielkiej Ordy car) and “the Crimean khan” (chan krymski),

hence this dierentiation is preserved in the translation.

e Circassians are rst referred to by the Polish adjective cerkaski (it should

rather read czerkaski or czerkieski), and then by another adjective petiorski (it should

rather read petyhorski); cf. Document 40, n. 6 and Document 47, n. 3.

Cf. n. e above.

e Kalmyk westward migration to the lower Volga began in the early 17th cen-

tury; in the 1630s, the Kalmyk pressure caused a massive ight of the Nogays towards

the Black Sea steppes and Budjak; in 1644, the Kalmyks attacked Kabarda but were

stopped by a local prince, Alayuk, assisted by Nogay horsemen sent by Mehmed IV

Giray; in 1648, the Kalmyks crossed the Don in an abortive raid against the Crimea,

but were stopped by heavy snow and frost; the Kalmyk raids then repeated several

times in the 1650s; cf. Khodarkovsky, Where Two Worlds Met. e Russian State and

the Kalmyk Nomads, 1600–1771, pp. 78–90. Hence, Islam III Giray had no ground to

claim suzerainty over the Kalmyks in 1649, although some Kalmyk captives or volun-

teers might have served in his troops.

958 document 59 (19 august 1649)

and the Crimean khan, and he conrms the ancient liberties [i.e., privileges] of

the Zaporozhian troops according to a separate agreement with them.

And if the free tsar of the Great Horde, the Crimean khan, needs assistance

against common enemies, either with the Zaporozhian troops, or other [troops],

then His illustrious, most powerful and glorious Majesty, the king of Poland

engages to lend him [these troops]. In return, if His illustrious, most powerful

and glorious Majesty, the king of Poland, needs [assistance], then the free tsar

of the Great Horde, the Crimean khan, engages to assist him either with the

entire horde [i.e., army], or its part, according to the need of His illustrious,

most powerful and glorious Majesty, the king of Poland. And they should be

friends to common friends and enemies to common enemies.

And because the free tsar of the Great Horde, the Crimean khan, cannot

return [home] from here but through the states of His illustrious, most power-

ful and glorious Majesty, the king of Poland, the free tsar of the Great Horde,

the Crimean khan, promises to endeavor that his return would cause the least

possible damage to the states of His illustrious, most powerful and glorious

Royal Majesty.

e [Polish] troops that are [currently besieged] at Zbaraž should be immedi-

ately released in the presence of an envoy of His illustrious, most powerful and

glorious Royal Majesty, appointed and sent to look to it, so that the [Crimean]

horde and whichever Zaporozhian troops are there, should retreat without any

delay, and the [Polish] troops may safely join His Royal Majesty.

Having thus concluded such an agreement and treaty, they [i.e., the two

rulers] mutually engage to keep it, by all means, forever, entirely and without

any violation.

Took place in a camp near Zboriv, on the 19th day of the month of August

of the year 1649 from the birth of our God and Savior, Jesus Christ, in the 1st

year of our reign in Poland and the 2nd year [of our reign] in Sweden.

John Casimir claimed hereditary rights to the Swedish throne from the death of

his older brother Vladislaus, i.e., from May 1648. As to the Polish throne, his reign

began with his election in November 1648, and formally even later, with his corona-

tion in January 1649.

DOCUMENT 60 (10 AUGUST–7 SEPTEMBER 1649)

e Crimean instrument of the Treaty of Zborów (Zboriv),

issued by Khan Islam III Giray

[Facs. XI]

Original paper

document in Turkish (Ottoman Turkish mixed with Crimean

Tatar): AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 62, t. 4, no. 335.

58 × 40.5 cm. (shorter on the right side: 57 × 40.5 cm.)

invocation (black): divani script

tuġra (black): 9 × 25.5 cm.

text (black): divani script

the black almond-like seal of Islam Giray (2.3 cm. in height) is impressed at

the bottom

Polish 17th-century translation: a) (copied by Antoni Crutta on the original’s

reverse side): AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 62, t. 4, no. 335; b) AGAD, Metryka

Koronna, Libri Legationum, no. 33, fol. 72a–72b; c) L’vivs’ka Naukova Bib-

lioteka im. V. Stefanyka NAN Ukrajiny, fond 5 (Oss.), opys 1, no. II-225 (a

digital copy also available in Wrocław in Bibl. Ossol.: kopia elektroniczna

sygn. DE-508), fol. 245a–245b.

Published in Ludwik Kubala, “Oblężenie Zbaraża i pokój pod Zborowem,”

in: idem, Dzieła, vol. 2: Szkice historyczne, serja I i II, p. 122.

A 20th-century Polish translation by Abdullah Zihni Soysal is published in

idem, Jarłyki krymskie, pp. 21–22.

A Latin 17th-century translation is published in Stanisław Temberski, Annales

1647–1656. Edited by W. Czermak (Cracow, 1897), p. 147.

Hüve

İslam Gėrey Han bin Selamet Gėrey Han sözümüz

[1] Tengri tebareke ve ta‘ala hazretleriniŋ ruhmi ve ‘inayeti milen uluġ orda

uluġ yurtnıŋ ve taht-i Qırımnıŋ ve taġ-ara Çerkesniŋ

e white paper contains a watermark (5 cm. in height) depicting a paschal lamb

inscribed within a circle; similar paper was used in the same period by the Ottoman

chancery; cf. Asparouh Velkov, Les ligranes dans les documents ottomans—Divers types

d’images, pp. 1 and 55–56. e watermark was typical for Venetian paper-mills; see Bri-

quet, Les Filigranes. Dictionnaire Historique des Marques du Papier, vol. 1, p. 19.

e inscription within the tuġra is corrupt and has been reconstructed on the

basis of Islam Giray’s tuġra from the document of 1646 (cf. Document 58); apparently

the clerk responsible for drawing the tuġra (tuġrakeş) did not accompany the Tatar

army on the campaign.

960 document 60 (10 august–7 september 1649)

[2] ve köp Tatarnıŋ ve barça Noġaynıŋ ve Deşt-i Qıpçaqnıŋ ve bi-hesab

çerüvniŋ uluġ padişahı olan sa‘adetlü ve devletlü ve mahabetlü ve

şeca‘atlu mėn uluġ İslam Gėrey Han

[3] dame devletühü ila yevmi`l-mizan hazretlerindin devletlü ve muhab-

betlü Yan Qazimir Lėhniŋ ve Litvanıŋ ve ’Urusniŋ Prusnıŋ ve Mazurnıŋ

ve Çernihovnıŋ ve Hodnıŋ

[4] ve Şvedniŋ Vandalnıŋ ve cedişniŋ ve barça hrıstyanıŋ uluġ qıralı

qardaşımız dördünci qıral-i devlet-iştimal hazretleriniŋ hatırların

muhabbetlik ve tatulıq milen

[5] sorġanmızdın soŋra ma‘lumları ola ki mabeyinde vaqı‘ olan bürudet

re‘ olunup meveddete tebdil ve ‘ömr-i ahırġaça dostluq ve qardaşlıqda

muhkem olmamız babında olan ricaŋuz qabul-i

[6] qarin-i şahanemiz olmuşdur mabeyinde mün‘aqıd olan şurutdur ki zikr

olunur madde-i ula budur ki hala Özi hetmanı olan İhminliskyi

ve cem‘

ėdüp yazduġı qırq biŋ

[7] Qazaq taifesine bi`z-zat kendiŋüzden vükela vüzera ve ümeraŋuzdan

hasıl-i kelam zir-i hükümetiŋüzde olan qullarıŋuzdan ‘adavet ve zarar

[u] ziyan ėtmeyecekiŋize ve bir harşa ve sefere gitmek

[8] lazım geldikde evleri halidir deyü zarar ve ziyan qasdında olmayacaqıŋıza

saniya qanun-i qadim olan vėrgü ve pişkeşleriŋüz her yıl bila-‘özür

göndürecekiŋize ve Öziniŋ canib-i şimalinde İngil

[9] ve Ungul

ve Çubartıl

da Qırım vilayetiniŋ çera-gah ve otlaqları olup

hayvanatları gelüp otladıqlarında tarafıŋızdan ve ümeraŋuzdan müdahale

ėtmeyeceklerine siziŋ ve bizim ‘ömrümüz ahir olunca dostumuza dost

[10] ve düşmanımıza düşmanlıq ėdecekiŋize ve lazım gelüp ‘asker ve imdad

istendikde ‘asker vėrüb imdad ėdecekiŋize sa‘adetlü padişah-i rub‘-i

meskun hazretleriniŋ vilayetlerine deryadan ve qaradan zarar ve ziyan

[11] ėtmeyüp dostlarına dost düşmanlarına düşman olacaqıŋıza bu yazdıq-

larımızıŋ hilafı bi`z-zat kendiŋüzden ve bekleriŋüzden ve ‘askeriŋüzden

zuhur ėtmeyüp sulh u salaha ri‘ayet olunursa

[12] vallahi`l-‘azim ve tallahi`l-kerim bi`z-zat kendimizden ve qarda şımız

qalġa sultan ve nureddin sultan ve ġayri sultanlardan ve Şirin begi ve

mirzaları ve Manqıt begi ve mirzaları ve Uluġ Noġay ve Küçik Noġay

[13] mirzaları ve ‘askerleri ve ulan küyenleri

ve içki beklerimiz ve ‘umu-

men qara ‘askerimizden vilayetleriŋüze ‘asker göndürüp zarar ve ziyan

ėtdirilmezdir bu yazdıġımızıŋ hilafı siziŋ tarafıŋızdan olursa

[14] naqz-i ‘ahd kendi tarafıŋızdan olmuş olur inşa’a`llahu ta‘ala naqz-i

‘ahd bizim tarafımızdan olmayup ‘ömr-i ahırġaça oġul oġuldan dostluq

ėtmek muradımızdır siz dahi dostluqda muhkem

Written with a nal Arabic he (ﻪﻴ

ﻜﺴ

ﻟ

ﻨﲬا), which can be read as -i like in the word

ki (

ﻪﻛ).

لﻜﻧا.

لﻜﻧوا.

ﻞﺗرﺎﺒ

ﭼ

یرﻼﻧﻳﻮﻛ نﻻوا; for a tentative interpretation of the word küyen, see Document 49,

n. e.

document 60 (10 august–7 september 1649) 961

[15] olup ‘ömr-i ahırġaça qardaşlıq ėdesiz böyle bilesiz tahriren  mah-i

Şa‘bani`l-mu‘azzam sene-i 1059

bi-yurt-i

qal‘e-i İzborov

İslam Gėrey Han bin Selamet Gėrey Han

Translation:

He!

[tuġra] Islam Giray Khan, son of Selamet Giray Khan: our word:

From his excellency, me, the great, prosperous, illustrious, majestic, and brave

Islam Giray Khan (may his [i.e., my] reign last till the Day of Judgment!), who

am—by the compassion and grace of His Excellency, God (may He be blessed

and exalted!)—the great padishah of the Great Horde, the great country [yurt],

the Crimean throne, mountain Circassians, numerous Tatars, all the Nogays,

the Kipchak Steppe, and countless troops:

Aer we have asked with aection and friendship about the health of his

excellency, our illustrious and dear brother John Casimir, the great king of

Poland, Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Mazovia, and Černihiv, the hereditary

[king]

of the Goths,

Swedes, and Vandals, and [the great king] of all Chris-

tians, the fourth

prosperous king, they [i.e., you] should know that your request to

remove the unfriendliness existing between us and to replace it with aection,

وﺮﺑزا.

Text of the seal.

Zihni Soysal correctly assumed that the Turkish word cediş must have been a

rendering of the Polish dziedzic, i.e., “heir” (see idem, Jarłyki krymskie, p. 21); as

the Polish Vasas consistently claimed their hereditary rights to the Swedish throne,

their intitulatio, written in Polish, contained the formula: szwedzki, gotski, wandalski

dziedziczny król, i.e., “the hereditary king of the Swedes, Goths, and Vandals” (cf.

Document 59); apparently the Crimean scribe had at his disposal a document in Pol-

ish, containing the intitulatio of the Polish king, and he erroneously took the word

dziedziczny (“hereditary”) for its yet another geographic or ethnic component; thus

instead of Vandalnıŋ ve cedişniŋ . . . qıralı (“the king of the Vandals and of cediş”), the

Turkish text should read: Vandalnıŋ cedişi or rather Vandalnıŋ varisi (“the heir of the

Vandals”); cf. the Ottoman ‘ahdname issued in 1640 by Sultan Ibrahim to Vladislaus

IV, where the Polish king is referred to as İşveçya vilayetinin varisi ve kıralı olacak

(“the heir and the future king of Sweden”); Kołodziejczyk, Ottoman-Polish Diplomatic

Relations, pp. 460 and 465. e corrupt title of the Polish king might have already

gured in an earlier Tatar document, addressed to Vladislaus IV, whose copy appar-

ently served as a model for the Crimean scribe (cf. n. 4 below).

Hodnıŋ in the Turkish text; cf. the contemporary Polish translation: Gotskiego,

i.e., “of the Goths.”

e Crimean scribe apparently copied the title of the Polish king from an older

Tatar document addressed to Vladislaus IV (Tur. Dördüncü qıral Vladıslav, cf. Docu-

ment 58), perhaps assuming that the word dördüncü (Tur., “the fourth”) was a per-

manent element of the royal intitulatio?

962 document 60 (10 august–7 september 1649)

and to keep strongly friendship and brotherhood till the end of [our] lives, has

been associated with our royal acceptance. e conditions agreed upon between

[us] are as follows:

is is the rst article:

Neither you in person, nor your representatives, ministers [viziers], and com-

manders, in short: nobody from among the servants being under your rule,

should display hostility or commit harm or damage to the present Dnieper

hetman, Xmel’nyc’kyj, or to the registered forty thousand Cossacks; and if it is

necessary that they go to earn [their living] or for a campaign, you should not

commit harm or damage under the pretext that their houses are empty.

Secondly:

Your should send each year, without any excuse, the gis [vėrgü]

and presents

[pişkeş]

due according to the old law. As on the northern side of the Dnieper,

on the [rivers] Ingul, Ingulec’, and Chubartıl [Velykaja Vis’]

there are pastur-

ages and grasslands belonging to the Crimea, when animals arrive [there from

the Crimea], while they graze, neither you, nor your commanders should inter-

fere. Until the end of your life, and [the end of ] ours, you should be a friend

to our friend and an enemy to our enemy. And if we are in need of troops and

help, when we ask you, you should provide us with troops and help. You should

not commit harm or damage, either by sea, or by land, to the domains of his

excellency, the prosperous padishah of the inhabited portion of the earth;

you

should be a friend to his friends and an enemy to his enemies.

If nothing arises contrary to our present writing on your part or on the part

of your lords [beks] or your soldiers, and the peace and amity is observed,

[then]—by powerful God and through municent God!—no troops should

be sent to your domains and no harm or damage should be committed by

me in person, my brother, the qalga sultan, the nureddin sultan, and other

princes [sultans], and the bey and mirzas of the Shirins, the bey and mirzas

of the Manghıts, the mirzas and soldiers of the Great Nogay and Little Nogay

[hordes],

the ulans’ clan members, our courtiers [içki beks], and generally our

common soldiers.

[But] if anything contrary to our present writing is done by you, it will be

you who will have violated the engagement [‘ahd]. God—may He be exalted!—

willing, we will not violate the engagement [‘ahd] as it is our wish to keep

friendship till the end of [our] life, and [then] from father to son. You, too,

Vėrgü means also “tax” or “tribute.”

On the term pişkeş, cf. Document 50, n. 23.

e Ingul is a le tributary of the Boh, the Ingulec’ is a right tributary of the

Dnieper, and the Velykaja Vis’ (Tur. Chubartıl) is a le tributary of the Synjuxa (Pol.

Sine Wody), which in turn is a le tributary of the Boh. All the three rivers were iden-

tied by Zygmunt Abrahamowicz on the basis of the campaign itinerary of Islam III

Giray contained in the Crimean chronicle by Hadji Mehmed Senai; see Senai, Historia

chana Islam Gereja III, pp. 33–34, 69–70 and 119.

I.e., the Ottoman sultan.

On the Manghıts, the Great Nogay and Little Nogay hordes, cf. Document 58,

notes 9–10.

document 60 (10 august–7 september 1649) 963

should keep strongly the friendship and brotherhood till the end of [your] life.

us you must know!

Written in the esteemed month of Shaban of the year 1059, in the tent of

[i.e., near] the fortress of Zboriv.

[seal] Islam Giray Khan, son of Selamet Giray Khan

In the middle of the seal there is the trident-shaped emblem of the Girays (taraq

tamġa).