Каплан Г.И. Клиническая психиатрия

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

rbahlbiZevguo jZkkljhckl\ ebqghklb m [hevguo k rbahb^gufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb

ebqghklbg_ljh^kl\_ggbdh\[hevguorbahnj_gb_cbgZjZ[hl_hgbfh]ml^_ckl\h\Zlv

mki_rgh ohly b bahebjh\Zggh ;hevgu_ rbahnj_gb_c lZd`_ hlebqZxlky gZebqb_f

jZkkljhckl\fure_gbybeb[j_^h\uffure_gb_fOhlym rbahb^guoebqghkl_cfgh]h

h[sboq_jlk iZjZghb^gufbebqghklyfbihke_^gb_[hevr_mqZkl\mxl\ h[s_kl\_gghc

`bagb ijhy\eyxl Z]j_kkbx gZ \_j[Zevghf mjh\g_ b h[gZjm`b\Zxl \ujZ`_ggmx

l_g^_gpbx ijh_pbjh\Zlv gZ hdjm`Zxsbo k\hb kh[kl\_ggu_ qm\kl\Z ?keb

dhfimevkb\gu_ebqghklbb ebqghklbk ba[_]Zgb_fklhev`_wfhpbhgZevghkm`_guhgb

qm\kl\mxl h^bghq_kl\h b \ujZ`Zxl wlh \ ^bknhjbb \ ijhrehf bo bklhjby [h]Zq_

k\yayfbbhgbg_lZdih]jm`_gu\ Zmlbklbq_kdmxf_qlZl_evghklv

L_hj_lbq_kdb hkgh\gh_ hlebqb_ f_`^m rbahlbiZevgufb ebqghklyfb b

rbahb^gufb ebqghklyfb khklhbl \lhf qlh rbahlbiZevgu_ h[gZjm`b\Zxl [hevr__

koh^kl\h k [hevgufb rbahnj_gb_c ih k\hbf kljZgghklyf \hkijbylbx fure_gbx

ih\_^_gbxb k\yayf

Ebqghklb k ba[_]Zgb_f ^_j`Zlky bahebjh\Zggh gh hq_gv ohlyl mqZkl\h\Zlv \

^_yl_evghklbqlhhlkmlkl\m_lm rbahb^guoebqghkl_c

E_q_gb_

E_q_gb_ rbahb^guo ebqghkl_c lZdh_ `_ dZd e_q_gb_ iZjZghb^guo

ebqghkl_c H^gZdh l_g^_gpby rbahb^guo [hevguo d bgljhki_dpbb khhl\_lkl\m_l

mklj_fe_gbyfikbohl_jZi_\lZbhgbbgh]^Zohjhrhih^^Zxlkyikbohl_jZibbIhf_j_

\hagbdgh\_gby ^h\_jby lZdb_ [hevgu_ fh]m l k ]em[hdbf lj_i_lhf hldjulv k\hb

qj_af_jgu_nZglZabb\hh[jZ`Z_fuo^jma_cb kljZoi_j_^g_\ughkbfhcaZ\bkbfhklvx

^Z`_i_j_^aZ\bkbfhklvxd ikbohl_jZi_\lm

< dmjk_ ]jmiih\hc l_jZibb rbahb^gu_ [hevgu_ fh]ml [ulv fheqZeb\ufb \

l_q_gb_^ebl_evguoi_jbh^h\\j_f_gbl_fg_f_g__hgb\ dhgp_dhgph\jZkdju\Zxlky

Wlbo [hevguo gZ^h aZsbsZlv hl gZiZ^_gby qe_gh\ ]jmiiu aZ bo kdehgghklv d

fheqZgbx Kh \j_f_g_f qe_gu ]jmiiu klZgh\ylky agZqbfufb ^ey [hevgh]h bfh]ml

klZlv _^bgkl\_gguf h[t_dlhf dhglZdlZ [hevgh]h \h \k_o ^jm]bo hlghr_gbyo

ijhy\eyxs_]haZfdgmlhklv

RBAHLBI:EVGU?EBQGHKLGU?J:KKLJHCKL<:

Hij_^_e_gb_

Km[t_dlu k rbahlbiZevgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb ebqghklb

h[gZjm`b\Zxl g_h[uqZcgmx ijbqm^eb\hklv b kljZgghklb Fbklbq_kdh_ fure_gb_

kljZggu_b^_bb^_bhlghr_gbybeexabbb ^_j_ZebaZpbyy\eyxlkyqZklvxbofbjZ

Wib^_fbheh]by

Wib^_fbheh]by qZklhlZ b ij_h[eZ^Zgb_ kj_^b ebp

hij_^_e_ggh]hiheZ^eyrbahlbiZevguoebqghkl_cg_bamq_guBf__lky[hevr__qbkeh

kemqZ_\wlh]hjZkkljhckl\Zkj_^b [bheh]bq_kdbojh^kl\_ggbdh\[hevguoojhgbq_kdhc

rbahnj_gb_c q_f kj_^b dhgljhevghc ]jmiiu b [he__ \ukhdZy jZkijhkljZg_gghklv

kj_^b fhghab]hlguo [ebag_ph\ q_f kj_^b ^bab]hlguo  ijhlb\  \gZr_f

bkke_^h\Zgbb

Debgbq_kdb_ hkh[_gghklb

Ijb rbahlbiZevguo ebqghklguo jZkkljhckl\Zo

gZjmrZ_lky fure_gb_ b kihkh[ghklv d h [s_gbx DZd b [hevgu_ rbahnj_gb_c

ebqghklb k rbahlbiZevgufb hkh[_gghklyfb fh]ml g_ hkhagZ\Zlv k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo

qm\kl\\lh`_\j_fyhgbfh]ml[ulvbkdexqbl_evghqm\kl\bl_evgud qm\kl\Zf^jm]bo

hkh[_ggh d g_]Zlb\guf ijhy\e_gbyf gZijbf_j ]g_\m Hgb qZklh km_\_jgu beb

aZy\eyxl qlh hgb ykgh\b^ysb_ Bo \gmlj_ggbc fbj fh`_l [ulv gZiheg_g yjdbfb

\hh[jZ`Z_fufbk\yayfbb j_[yq_kdbfbkljZoZfbb nZglZabyfbHgbfh]ml^mfZlvqlh

gZ^_e_gufZ]bq_kdhckbehcfukeb b ijhgbpZl_evghklbOhlygZklhysb_jZkkljhckl\Z

fure_gbyhlkmlkl\mxlboj_qbqZklhgm`^Zxlky\ ihykg_gbbHgbbgh]^ZijbagZxl

qlh bf_xl i_jp_ilb\gu_ beexabb beb fZdjhikbb bqlh ^jm]b_ ex^b dZ`mlky bf

^_j_\yggufbb ihoh`bfb^jm]gZ^jm]Z

J_qvrbahlbiZevguoebqghkl_cfh`_l[ulvijbqm^eb\hcbebkljZgghcb agZqbfZ

lhevdh ^ey gbo  kZfbo Mgbo h[_^g_ggu_ bgl_ji_jkhgZevgu_ k\yab b qZklh hgb

ihklmiZxlg_Z^_d\Zlgh

< j_amevlZl_hgb ^_j`Zlky bahebjh\Zgghbbf_xl ebrv g_fgh]bo _keb \hh[s_

bf_xl ^jma_c Kh]eZkgh '60,,,5 wlb ebqghklb fh]ml h[gZjm`b\Zlv q_jlu

k\hckl\_ggu_ih]jZgbqgufebqghklgufjZkkljhckl\Zfb _keb bf_xlf_klhh[Z wlbo

jZkkljhckl\Z klZ\blky ^\Z ^bZ]ghaZ Ih^ \ebygb_f klj_kkZ rbahlbiZevgu_ ebqghklb

fh]ml ^_dhfi_gkbjh\Zlvky \ wlhf kemqZ_ m gbo fh]ml \uy\eylvky ikbohlbq_kdb_

kbfilhfu dhlhju_ h[uqgh ijh^he`Zxlky g_^he]h < ly`_euo kemqZyo fh`_l bf_lv

f_klhZg]_^hgbyb ^_ij_kkby

>bZ]gha

RbahlbiZevgu_ jZkkljhckl\Z ebqghklb hij_^_eyxlky gZ hkgh\Zgbb

hkh[_gghkl_cfure_gbyih\_^_gbyb \g_rg_]h\b^ZKh[bjZgb_k\_^_gbcfh`_l[ulv

aZljm^g_gh baaZ g_h[uqgh]h kihkh[Z h[s_gby k hdjm`Zxsbfb Gb`_ ijb\h^ylky

^bZ]ghklbq_kdb_djbl_jbb^eyrbahlbiZevguojZkkljhckl\ebqghklb

:

Mklhcqb\uc iZll_jg gZjmr_gby bgl_ji_jkhgZevguo \aZbfhhlghr_gbc b

kljZgghklbh[gZjm`b\Z_fu_\ fure_gbb\g_rghklbb ih\_^_gbbgZqbgZyk fheh^h]h

\hajZklZ b ijhy\eyxsb_ky \ jZaguo h[klhyl_evkl\Zo dZd mdZau\Z_l gZebqb_ ih

f_gvr_cf_j_iylbbake_^mxsbo

 b^_bhlghr_gbybkdexqZy[j_^hlghr_gby

 ih\ur_ggZy lj_\h`ghklv k\yaZggZy k khpbZevgufb Zki_dlZfb gZijbf_j

djZcgbc ^bkdhfnhjl \ kblmZpbyo \ dhlhjuo ijboh^blky klZedb\Zlvky kh fgh`_kl\hf

g_agZdhfuoex^_c

 kljZggZy \_jZ \ fbklbq_kdh_ hdZau\ZxsZy \ebygb_ gZ ih\_^_gb_ bg_

khhl\_lkl\mxsZy dmevlmjguf ghjfZf gZijbf_j km_\_jb_ ijbibku\Zgb_ k_[_

kihkh[ghklb d ijhjbpZgbx l_e_iZlbb beb ©r_klhfm qm\kl\mª m ^_l_c b ih^jhkldh\

ijbqm^eb\u_nZglZabbbebh^_j`bfhklv

 g_h[udgh\_ggu_ i_jp_ilb\gu_ hsms_gby gZijbf_j beexabb hsms_gb_

ijbkmlkl\bykbeubeb ebpZ dhlhjuogZ kZfhf ^_e_ g_l gZijbf_j ©Y qm\kl\m x k_[y

lZddZd[m^lhfhymf_jrZyfZlvgZoh^blkykhfghc\ dhfgZl_ª

 kljZggh_ beb wdkp_gljbqgh_ ih\_^_gb_ beb \g_rghklv gZijbf_j g_h[uqgh_

fZg_jgbqZgv_jZa]h\hjk kZfbfkh[hc

 hlkmlkl\ b_[ebadbo^jma_cbebgZi_jkgbdh\bebgZebqb_lhevdhh^gh]hdjhf_

kZfuo[ebadbojh^kl\_ggbdh\

 kljZggZy j_qv [_a g_Z^_d\Zlguo ZkkhpbZpbc beb [_kk\yaghklb gZijbf_j

h[_^g_ggZyhl\e_dZxsZykyg_ykgZybebkebrdhfZ[kljZdlgZyj_qv

 ih^hajbl_evghklvbebiZjZghb^gu_b^_b

;

Ijhy\ey_lky g_ lhevdh ijb rbahnj_gbb beb i_j\Zab\guo jZkkljhckl\Zo

jZa\blby

L_q_gb_b ijh]gha

>he]h\j_f_ggh_bkke_^h\Zgb_ 7KRPDVb 0F*ODVKDQ \dexqZeh

ZgZeba  ebpk rbahlbiZevgufbebqghklgufbjZkkljhckl\Zfbdhlhju_\ dhg_qghf

kq_l_kh\_jrZebkmbpb^

< j_ljhki_dlb\guo bkke_^h\Zgbyo fgh]b_ [hevgu_ kljZ^Z\rb_ rbahnj_gb_c

[ueb gZ kZfhf ^_e_ rbahlbiZevgufb ebqghklyfb b\ kh\j_f_gghc ikbobZljbb

rbahlbiby kqblZ_lky ij_fhj[b^hf [hevguo rbahnj_gb_c Fgh]b_ ba wlbo [hevguo

h^gZdh hklZ\Zebkv k rbahlbiZevgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb ebqghklb gZ ijhly`_gbb \k_c

k\h_c`bagbb\_ebkmijm`_kdmx`bagvb jZ[hlZebg_kfhljygZk\hbkljZgghklb

>bnn_j_gpbZevguc ^bZ]gha

L_hj_lbq_kdb km[t_dlh\ k rbahlbiZevgufb

jZkkljhckl\Zfb ebqghklb fh`gh hlebqblv hl ebqghkl_c k ba[_]Zgb_f b rbahb^guo

ebqghkl_c ih gZebqbx kljZgghkl_c \ ih \_^_gbb fure_gbb \hkijbylbb b kihkh[m

h[s_gbyb\hafh`ghihgZebqbx\ k_f_cghfZgZfg_a_rbahnj_gbbRbahlbiZevguo

ebqghkl_c fh`gh hlebqblv hl [hevguo rbahnj_gb_c ih hlkmlkl\bx ikbohaZ ?keb

ikbohlbq_kdb_ kbfilhfu bf_xl f_klh hgb njZ]f_glZjgu b djZldh\j_f_ggu

G_dhlhju_[hevgu_hl\_qZxldjbl_jbyfdZdrbahlbiZevguoebqghklguojZkkljhckl\

lZd b ih]jZgbqguo jZkkljhckl\ ebqghklb IZjZghb^gu_ ebqghklb oZjZdl_jbamxlky

ih^hajbl_evghklvxghmgbog_lkljZggh]hih\_^_gbylbibqgh]h^eyrbahlbiZevguo

ebqghkl_c

E_q_gb_

Ijbgpbiue_q_gbyrbahlbiZevguoebqghklguojZkkljhckl\g_^he`gu

hlebqZlvky hl l_o dhlhju_ ijbf_gyxlky ^ey rbahb^guo ebqghklguo jZkkljhckl\

H^gZdh bo kljZggh_ b ijbqm^eb\h_ fure_gb_ lj_[m_l ihklhyggh]h dhgljhey

G_dhlhju_[hevgu_\h\e_dZxlky\ dmevlukh\_jrZxlkljZggu_j_eb]bhagu_h[jy^ub

mqZkl\mxl \ hddmevlguo f_jhijbylbyo <jZq g_ ^he`_g kf_ylvky gZ^ wlhc

^_yl_evghklvxbg_^he`_gdjblbdh\Zlvbo\_jmb ^_yl_evghklv

Ijbe_q_gbbb^_chlghr_gbybeexabcb ^jm]bokbfilhfh\^Zggh]hjZkkljhckl\Z

ke_^m_lijbf_gylvZglbikbohlbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Z\f_kl_k ikbohl_jZib_c

BKL?JBQ?KDB?=BKLJBHGBQ?KDB?J:KKLJHCKL<:EBQGHKLB

Hij_^_e_gb_

Bkl_jbq_kdb_jZkkljhckl\Z ebqghklb oZjZdl_jbamxlkyp\_lbkluf

l_ZljZevguf wdkljZ\_jlbjh\Zgguf ih\_^_gb_f m \ha[m^bfuo wfhpbhgZevguo

ebqghkl_cH^gZdhbo\g_rg_yjdh_ih\_^_gb_qZklhkhijh\h`^Z_lkyg_kihkh[ghklvx

ih^^_j`b\Zlv ]em[hdmx ^ebl_evgmx ijb\yaZgghklv JZkkljhckl\Z ba\_klgu lZd`_ dZd

]bkljbhgbq_kdb_ K\VWULRQLF

Wib^_fbheh]by

LhqgZy jZkijhkljZg_gghklv bkl_jbq_kdbo jZkkljhckl\

g_ba\_klgZHgb^bZ]ghklbjmxlkyqZs_m `_gsbgq_fmfm`qbg< g_dhlhjuojZ[hlZo

hlf_qZ_lky k\yav ^Zggh]h jZkkljhckl\Z k jZkkljhckl\hf \\b^_ khfZlbaZpbb b

Zedh]hebafhf

Debgbq_kdb_ ijhy\e_gby

;hevguf k bkl_jbq_kdbfb ebqghklgufb

jZkkljhckl\Zfb k\hckl\_ggh ih\_^_gb_ \ \ukhdhc kl_i_gb gZijZ\e_ggh_ gZ ihbkd

\gbfZgbyHgbklj_fylkyij_m\_ebqb\Zlvk\hbqm\kl\ZbfukebaZklZ\eyxl\k_a\mqZlv

[he__ agZqbfh q_f \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb Hgb qZklh ^_fhgkljbjmxl ijbklmiu

jZa^jZ`bl_evghklbke_ab h[\bg_gbc_kebhgbg_y\eyxlkyp_gljhf\gbfZgbybebg_

ihemqZxliho\Zeubebh^h[j_gby

H[hevklbl_evgh_ ih\_^_gb_ oZjZdl_jgh ^ey h[hbo iheh\ >ey gbo lbibqgu

k_dkmZevgu_ nZglZabb \ hlghr_gbb ex^_c k dhlhjufb hgb h[sZxlky gh hgb g_

kihkh[gukdZaZlvh[wlhfbfh]ml[ulvaZkl_gqb\ufbb dhd_leb\ufbZg_k_dkmZevgh

Z]j_kkb\gufb >_ckl\bl_evgh m bkl_jbq_kdbo ebqghkl_c fh`_l bf_lv f_klh

ikbohk_dkmZevgZy ^bknmgdpby m `_gsbg qZklh [u\Z_l Zghj]Zaf mfm`qbg ²

bfihl_gpbyHgbbkihevamxlk\hbk_dkmZevgu_bfimevkuqlh[um[_^blvky\lhfqlh

hgb k_dkmZevgh ijb\e_dZl_evgu ^ey ijhlb\hiheh`gh]h iheZ Bo ihlj_[ghklv \

ih^[Z^jb\Zgbb [_kdhg_qgZ Bo \aZbfhhlghr_gby h^gZdh oZjZdl_jbamxlky

ih\_joghklghklvx kZfhih]ehs_gghklvx b km_lghklvx BaaZ k\h_]h klj_fe_gby d

aZ\bkbfhklbwlbebpZhq_gve_]dhijhgbdZxlky^h\_jb_fb khojZgyxlwlm^h\_jqb\hklv

Hkgh\gu_ aZsblgu_ f_oZgbafu bkl_jbq_kdbo ebqghkl_c ² j_ij_kkby b

^bkkhpbZpbyKhhl\_lkl\_gghlZdb_[hevgu_g_hkhagZxlk\hbobklbgguohsms_gbcb

g_ \ khklhygbb h[tykgblv k\hx fhlb\Zpbx Ih^ \ebygb_f klj_kkZ m gbo  e_]dh

gZjmrZ_lkyhp_gdZj_Zevghklb

>bZ]gha

<h\j_fy[_k_^ubkl_jbq_kdb_ebqghklbh[uqghh[sbl_evgub `Z`^ml

jZkkdZaZlv k\hx bklhjbx \ ^_lZeyo @_klu b ij_ju\Zgb_ j_qb \h \j_fy [_k_^u ^ey

ih\ur_gby l_ZljZevgh]h wnn_dlZ lbibqgu ^ey wlbo ebp Hgb qZklh ^himkdZxl

h[fhe\dbyaudm gbobah[bem_lp\_lbklufbnjZaZfb<k_]^Zbf__lf_klhih\ur_ggZy

Znn_dlb\ghklvgh_kebhl[hevgh]hlj_[mxlqlh[uhgijbagZegZebqb_hij_^_e_gguo

qm\kl\ gZijbf_j ]g_\Z i_qZeb b k_dkmZevguo `_eZgbc hg fh`_l hl\_qZlv k

m^b\e_gb_fg_]h^h\Zgb_fbebhljbpZlvex[u_ml\_j`^_gbyJ_amevlZludh]gblb\gh]h

bkke_^h\Zgby h[uqgh ghjfZevgu ohly hlkmlkl\b_ mihjkl\Z kdZau\Z_lky ij b

\uiheg_gbb bfb Zjbnf_lbq_kdbo aZ^Zq beb aZ^Zq gZ dhgp_gljZpbx \gbfZgby Zbo

aZ[u\qb\hklv Znn_dlb\ghgZkus_ggh]h fZl_jbZeZ \uau\Z_l bamfe_gb_ Gb`_

ijb\h^ylkydjbl_jbb '60,,,5 ^eybkl_jbq_kdh]hjZkkljhckl\Zebqghklb

:

Mklhcqb\uc iZll_jg ba[ulhqghc wfhpbhgZevghklb b ihbkdZ \gbfZgby

gZqbgZxsbcky\ fheh^hf\hajZkl_b ijhy\eyxsbcky\hfgh]bokblmZpbyodZdmdZaZgh

ihf_gvr_cf_j_q_lujvfybake_^mxsbo

 ihklhygghbs_lbeblj_[m_lih^^_j`dbh^h[j_gbybebiho\Zeu

 iulZ_lky ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv g_ d f_klm k_dkmZevgh_ h[Zygb_ \h \g_rghklb

beb\ ih\_^_gbb

 \gmlj_gg_ho\Zq_gl_fqlh[u[ulvnbabq_kdbijb\e_dZl_evguf

 \ujZ`Z_l wfhpbb k g_Z^_d\Zlguf ij_m\_ebq_gb_f gZijbf_j h[gbfZ_l

kemqZcguo agZdhfuo k qj_af_jguf iuehf ju^Z_l ih g_agZqbl_evghfm

k_glbf_glZevghfmih\h^mh[gZjm`b\Z_l\kiurdbjZa^jZ`_gby

 qm\kl\m_l ^bkdhfnhjl \ kblmZpbyo ]^_ hg beb hgZ g_ y\eyxlky p_gljhf

\gbfZgby

 h[gZjm`b\Z_l[ukljh_gZjZklZgb_b kiZ^\ujZ`_gbywfhpbc

 khkj_^hlhq_g gZ kZfhf k_[_ _]h beb __ ^_ckl\by gZijZ\e_gu gZ ihemq_gb_

g_f_^e_ggh]h m^h\e_l\hj_gby g_ fh`_l \ughkblv njmkljZpbb beb aZ^_j`db \

ihemq_gbb\hagZ]jZ`^_gby

 bf__l klbev j_qb qj_a\uqZcgh bfij_kkbhgbklbq_kdbc b [_^guc

ih^jh[ghklyfb gZijbf_j dh]^Z kijZrb\Zxl h fZl_jb fh`_l ijhklh kdZaZlv ©HgZ

[ueZdjZkb\hc`_gsbghcª

L_q_gb_ b ijh]gha

K \hajZklhf [hevgu_ k bkl_jbq_kdbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb

ebqghklb \uy\eyxl f_gvr_ kbfilhfh\ gh ihkdhevdm mgbo g_^hklZlhqgh wg_j]bb \

lZdhc`_kl_i_gbdZdwlh[uehjZgvr_dh]^Zhgb[uebfheh`_jZagbpZfh`_lklZlv

_s_[he__hq_\b^ghcb j_ZevghcWlb[hevgu_bsmlk_gkZpbcbfh]mlbgh]^Z\klmiblv\

ijhlb\hj_qb_k aZdhghfklZgh\blvkygZjdhfZgZfbbeb^_ckl\h\Zlvg_jZa[hjqb\h

>bnn_j_gpbZevguc ^bZ]gha

Ljm^gh hij_^_eblv jZagbpm f_`^m bkl_jbq_kdhc

ebqghklvxb ih]jZgbqghcebqghklvx< ihke_^g_fkemqZ_qZs_gZ[ex^Zxlkykmbpb^u

[hevrZy jZkieu\qZlhklv \ ihgbfZgbb kmsghklb b dhjhldb_ ikbohlbq_kdb_ wibah^u

Ohly '60,,,5ml\_j`^Z_lqlhh[Zkhklhygbyfh`gh^bZ]ghklbjh\Zlvm h^gbob l_o`_

[hevguo`_eZl_evghqlh[u\jZqihiulZekyjZa^_eblvbo< khq_lZgbb k bkl_jbq_kdbfb

jZkkljhckl\Zfbebqghklbfh`_lihy\eylvkyjZkkljhckl\h\\b^_khfZlbaZpbbkbg^jhf

;jbd_ DjZldh\j_f_ggu_ j_Zdlb\gu_ ikbohau b ^bkkhpbZlb\gu_ jZkkljhckl\Z fh]ml

khkms_kl\h\Zlvk ^bZ]ghahfbkl_jbq_kdbojZkkljhckl\ebqghklb

E_q_gb_

;hevgu_ k bkl_jbq_kdbfb ebqghklgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb qZklh g_

hkhagZxl k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo j_Zevguo qm\kl\ ihwlhfm \uykg_gb_ bo \gmlj_ggbo

hsms_gbc y\ey_lky \Z`ghc aZ^Zq_c l_jZi_\lbq_kdh]h ijhp_kkZ Ij_^ihqlbl_evguf

f_lh^hf e_q_gby y\ey_lky ikbohZgZeblbq_kdb hjb_glbjh\ZggZy ikbohl_jZiby

]jmiih\Zy beb bg^b\b^mZevgZy >ey e_q_gby p_e_\uo kbfilhfh\ fh`gh ^h[Z\eylv

nZjfZdhl_jZibx gZijbf_j Zglb^_ij_kkZglu ^ey e_q_gby ^_ij_kkbb b khfZlbq_kdbo

`Zeh[Zglblj_\h`gu_\_s_kl\Z^eye_q_gbylj_\h]bb Zglbikbohlbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Z^ey

e_q_gby^_j_ZebaZpbbbebbeexabc

G:JPBKKBQ?KDH?J:KKLJHCKL<HEBQGHKLB

Hij_^_e_gb_ Ex^b k gZjpbkkbq_kdbfb ebqghklgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb

oZjZdl_jbamxlkyih\ur_ggufqm\kl\hfkh[kl\_gghc\Z`ghklbb \_ebqbyihwlhfmhgb

\ hij_^_e_gghfkfuke_mgbdZevgu

Wib^_fbheh]by

>Zggu_\ hlghr_gbbjZkijhkljZg_gghklbij_h[eZ^Zxs_]hiheZ

b k_f_cgh]hiZll_jgZ^eygZjpbkkbq_kdbojZkkljhckl\ebqghklbg_ba\_klgu<hafh`_g

[he__ \ukhdbc jbkd ^ey hlijukdh\ jh^bl_e_c k ih^h[gufb gZjmr_gbyfb \_ebqby

djZkhlub lZeZglZQbkehkemqZ_\wlbojZkkljhckl\ihklhygghm\_ebqb\Z_lky

Debgbq_kdb_hkh[_gghklb

Kh]eZkgh '60,,,5 km[t_dlukwlbfjZkkljhckl\hf

oZjZdl_jbamxlkyij_l_gpbhagufqm\kl\hf\Z`ghklbkZfh]hk_[yHgbkfhljylgZk_[y

dZdgZ hkh[uoex^_cb h`b^Zxlhkh[h]hhlghr_gbyHgb iehoh i_j_ghkyl djblbdm b

h[gZjm`b\Zxl ]g_\ _keb dlhlh iulZ_lky bo djblbdh\Zlv beb hgb fh]ml [ulv

iheghklvx [_ajZaebqgu d wlhfm Hgb ohlyl \k_ ^_eZlv ihk\h_fm b qZklh ls_keZ\gu

`Z`^mlkeZ\ub m^ZqbQm\kl\hqlhhgbgZhkh[hfiheh`_gbb\uau\Z_lbamfe_gb_Bo

k\yab k hdjm`Zxsbfb g_ijhqgu_ ^jm]b_ hq_gv \hafms_gu bfb baaZ bo g_`_eZgby

\uihegylv h[uqgu_ ij Z\beZ ih\_^_gby Hgb g_ kihkh[gu d khqm\kl\bx hgb lhevdh

fh]ml ijbdb^u\Zlvky khqm\kl\mxsbfb lhevdh qlh[u ^hklbqv k\h_c w]hbklbq_kdhc

p_ebF_`ebqghklgu_hlghr_gbydZdijZ\behbkihevamxlky\k\hboebqguop_eyoM

wlbo [hevguo ojmidZy kZfhhp_gdZ bhgb kdehggu d ^_ij_kkbb BaaZ ih\_^_gq_kdbo

klj_kkh\ dhlhju_ gZjpbkkbq_kdb_ ebqghklb f_g__ \k_]h kdehggu i_j_ghkblv \bo

f_`ebqghklguohlghr_gbyoqZklh\hagbdZxl ljm^ghklbhl\_j]Zgbyb ihl_jbZ lZd`_

ljm^ghklb\ ijhn_kkbhgZevghc^_yl_evghklb

>bZ]gha

Gb`_ ijb\h^ylky ^bZ]ghklbq_kdb_ djbl_jbb '60,,,5 ^ey

gZjpbkkbq_kdbo jZkkljhckl\ ebqghklb : Mklhcqb\uc iZll_jg ij_l_gpbhaghklb \

nZglZabb b\ ih\_^_gbb hlkmlkl\b_ khqm\kl\by b ]bi_jk_gkblb\ghklv d hp_gdZf

^jm]bo gZqbgZxsb_ky \ fheh^hf \hajZkl_ b ijhy\eyxsb_ky \p_ehf jy^_

h[klhyl_evkl\dZdmdZau\Z_lkygZebqb_fg_f_g__iylbbake_^mxsbo

 j_Z]bjm_l gZ djblbdm qm\kl\hf yjhklb klu^Z beb mgb`_gby ^Z`_ _keb g_

ihdZau\Z_lwlh]h

 \ f_`ebqghklguo hlghr_gbyo iulZ_lky wdkiemZlbjh\Zlv ^jm]bo iulZ_lky

aZklZ\blv^jm]bo^_eZlvlhqlhgZ^h_fmbeb_c

 kqblZ_l k_[y qj_a\uqZcgh \Z`guf gZijbf_j ij_m\_ebqb\Z_l ^hklb`_gby b

lZeZglu h`b^Z_l qlh klZg_l ba\_klguf b ©hkh[_ggufª gbq_]h hkh[_ggh]h g_

ij_^ijbgbfZy

 iheZ]Z_lqlh_]hbeb__ ijh[e_fuy\eyxlkymgbdZevgufbbfh]ml[ulvihgylu

lhevdhhkh[ufbex^vfb

 ih]ehs_g nZglZabyfb h[ h]jhfguo mki_oZo kbe_ [e_kd_ djZkhl_ beb

b^_Zevghcex[\b

 ijbibku\Z_lk_[_\ukhdh_iheh`_gb_[_aij bqbguh`b^Z_lqlhdg_fmbebd

g_c[m^mlhkh[_gghohjhrhhlghkblvkygZijbf_jkqblZ_lqlhhgbebhgZg_^he`gu

klhylv\ hq_j_^blh]^ZdZd^jm]b_^he`gu

 lj_[m_l ihklhyggh]h \gbfZgby ^ey ijbagZgby gZijbf_j eh\bl ju[m qlh[u

aZkem`blvdhfiebf_glu

 g_kihkh[ghklv khqm\kl\h\Zlv ^jm]bf g_kihkh[ghklv m]Z^Zqv bhsmlblv qlh

qm\kl\mxl^jm]b_gZijbf_jjZa^jZ`Z_lkyb m^b\ey_lkydh]^Z^jm]dhlhjuck_jv_agh

aZ[he_ehlf_gy_lk\b^Zgb_

 h^_j`bfqm\kl\hfaZ\bklb

L_q_gb_b ijh]gha

JZkkljhckl\hy\ey_lkyojhgbq_kdbfb_]hljm^ghe_qblvWlb

[hevgu_ ihklhyggh ihemqZxl m^Zju ih ih\h^m k\h_]h gZjpbkkbafZ baaZ k\h_]h

kh[kl\_ggh]h ih\_^_gby b\ j_amevlZl_ `bag_ggh]h hiulZ Hgb iehoh i_j_ghkyl

klZj_gb_ihkdhevdmwlbebqghklbp_gyldjZkhlmkbemblhqlhijbkms_xghklbaZqlh

hgb p_ieyxlky g_Z^_d\Zlgh Hgb lZdbf h[jZahf [he__ ih^\_j`_gu djbabkm

gZklmiZxs_fm\ k_j_^bg_`bagbq_f^jm]b_]jmiiu

>bnn_j_gpbZevguc^bZ]gha

Kh]eZkgh '60,,,5 ih]jZgbqgu_bkl_jbq_kdb_b

ZglbkhpbZevgu_ jZkkljhckl\Z ebqghklb qZklh khq_lZxlky k gZjpbkkbq_kdbfb

ebqghklgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb qlh hagZqZ_l qlh ^bnn_j_gpbZevguc ^bZ]gha ijh\_klb

ljm^gh ;hevgu_ k gZjpbkkbq_kdbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb ebqghklb f_g__ lj_\h`gu q_f

[hevgu_ k ih]jZgbqgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb bbo `bagv f_g__ oZhlbqgZ Kmbpb^Zevgu_

ihiuldb lZd`_ [he__ oZjZdl_jgu ^ey ih]jZgbqguo q_f ^ey gZjpbkkbq_kdbo

jZkkljhckl\ ebqghklb M ZglbkhpbZevguo ebqghkl_c bf__lky bklhjby bfimevkb\gh]h

ih\_^_gby qZklh k\yaZggZy kh aehmihlj_[e_gb_f Zedh]he_f b gZjdhlbdZfb baaZ

dhlhjuo hgb qZklh gZjmrZxl aZdhg : bkl_jbq_kdb_ ebqghklb qZklh h[gZjm`b\Zxl

q_jlu wdk]b[bpbhgbafZ b iulZxlky fZgbimebjh\Zlv hdjm`Zxsbfb qlh koh^gh k

ih\_^_gb_fgZjpbkkbq_kdbo[hevguodhlhjufh^gZdhk\hckl\_ggZ[he__\ujZ`_ggZy

kihkh[ghklvd kbfiZlbbb ih^ebgghcl_iehl_

E_q_gb_

E_q_gb_gZjpbkkbq__dbojZkkljhckl\ebqghklbqj_a\uqZcghaZljm^g_gh

ihkdhevdm wlb [hevgu_ ^he`gu hldZau\Zlvky hl k\h_]h gZjpbkkbafZ _keb ohlyl

^h[blvkymki_oZLZdb_ikbobZljudZd 2WWR.HUQEHUJ b +HLQW].RKXW kqblZxlqlhgZ^h

ijbf_gblv ikbohZgZeblbq_kdbc ih^oh^ qlh[u ^h[blvky baf_g_gby h^gZdh ^ey lh]h

qlh[uk m\_j_gghklvxihklZ\blv^bZ]gha g_h[oh^bfhijh\_klbfgh]hbkke_^h\Zgbc

wlbbkke_^h\ZgbylZd`_g_h[oh^bfuqlh[ugZagZqblvgZb[he__ih^oh^ys__e_q_gb_

J:KKLJHCKL<:EBQGHKLB:GLBKHPB:EVGH=HO:J:DL?J:

Hij_^_e_gb_

:glbkhpbZevgu_ ebqghklgu_ jZkkljhckl\Z oZjZdl_jbamxlky

^ebl_evghc bklhjb_c ZglbkhpbZevguo b djbfbgZevguo ^_ckl\bc gh wlh g_ kbghgbf

djbfbgZevghklb Kdhj__ wlh g_kihkh[ghklv ke_^h\Zlv khpbZevguf ghjfZf dhlhju_ 

\dexqZxlfgh]hZki_dlh\jZa\blby[hevgh]h\ ih^jhkldh\hf\hajZkl_b\aj_ehklb

Wib^_fbheh]by

JZkijhkljZg_gghklv ZglbkhpbZevguo jZkkljhckl\ ebqghklb m

fm`qbgb `_gsbgoZjZdl_jbam_lkyhlghr_gb_f  HghgZb[he__qZklh\klj_qZ_lkym

[_^guo ]hjh`Zg bm [jh^y`gbqZxsbo h[blZl_e_c ]hjh^h\ K_fvb fZevqbdh\ k wlbf

jZkkljhckl\hf [he__ fgh]hqbke_ggu q_f m ^_\hq_d Ihy\e_gb_ jZkkljhckl\Z

ijboh^blky gZ \hajZkl khklZ\eyxsbc ijb[ebabl_evgh  e_l M `_gsbg ij hy\e_gby

fh]ml jZa\b\Zlvky \ i_jbh^ im[_jlZlZ Zm fm`qbg²^Z`_ jZgvr_ Kj_^b h[blZl_e_c

lxj_f jZkijhkljZg_gghklv ZglbkhpbZevguo jZkkljhckl\ ebqghklb hq_gv \ukhdZ²^h

 Jhevk_f_cgh]hiZll_jgZgZjmr_gbylZd`_\_ebdZqlhih^l\_j`^Z_lkygZebqb_f

kj_^b fm`qbg [ebadbo jh^kl\_ggbdh\ [hevguo kwlbf jZkkljhckl\hf ^Zggh]h

jZkkljhckl\Z\  jZaqZs_q_f\ dhgljhe_

Debgbq_kdb_hkh[_gghklb

:glbkhpbZevgu_ebqghklbqZklhbf_xlghjfZevgmx

Z bgh]^Z^Z`_hqZjh\Zl_evgmxb \uau\ZxsmxkbfiZlbx\g_rghklvIjbhagZdhfe_gbb

kbo bklhjb_c h^gZdh h[gZjm`b\Z_lky gZebqb_ fgh`_kl\Z gZjmr_gbc \bo `bagb

Eh`v ijh]meu m[_]Zgb_ ba ^hfZ djZ`b ^jZdb mihlj_[e_gb_ gZjdhlbdh\ b

ijhlb\hijZ\gu_^_ckl\byij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hclbibqgu_ijhy\e_gbygZqbgZxsb_ky\

^_lkdhf \hajZkl_ QZklh ZglbkhpbZevgu_ ebqghklb ijhba\h^yl \i_qZle_gb_ gZ \jZq_c

ijhlb\hiheh`gh]h iheZ yjdbfb hqZjh\u\Zxsbfb klhjhgZfb k\h_c ebqghklb h^gZdh

\jZqb lh]h `_ iheZ fh]ml jZkkfZljb\Zlv bo dZd iulZxsboky fZgbimebjh\Zlv bfb b

\uau\Zxsbo M ZglbkhpbZevguo ebqghkl_c g_ [u\Z_l ^_ij_kkbb beb lj_\h]b qlh

m^b\ey_l mqblu\ZykblmZpbx\ dhlhjhchgbgZoh^ylkyZbokh[kl\_ggu_h[tykg_gby

lh]h qlh k gbfb ijhbkoh^bl dZ`mlky [_amfgufb Lbibqgufb [u\Zxl kmbpb^Zevgu_

m]jhaub khfZlbq_kdb_`Zeh[uL_fg_f_g__bkke_^h\Zgb_boikbobq_kdh]hkhklhygby

ihdZau\Z_l qlh m gbo iheghklvx hlkmlkl\mxl [j_^ b ^jm]b_ ijbagZdb gZjmr_gby

fure_gby >_ckl\bl_evgh m gbo qZklh bf__l f_klh \iheg_ hkfuke_ggZy hp_gdZ

j_ZevghklbHgbqZklhijhba\h^ylgZhdjm`Zxsbog_fZeh_\i_qZle_gb_l_fqlhbf_xl

ohjhrbc\_j[Zevgucbgl_ee_dl

:glbkhpbZevgu_ ebqghklb ij_^klZ\eyxl kh[hc [hevrbgkl\h ba l_o dh]h

gZau\Zxl ©h[fZgsbdZfbª Hgb ex[yl fZgbimebjh\Zlv ^jm]bfb b qZklh \ly]b\Zxl

^jm]bo \ ieZgu e_]dhc ^h[uqb ^_g_] beb ^hklb`_gby keZ\u beb ba\_klghklb qlh \

dhgp_ dhgph\ ihqlb g_ba[_`gh ijb\h^bl d nbgZgkh\hfm djZom aZimlZgghklb \

khpbZevghfieZg_bebdlhfmb ^jm]hfmh^gh\j_f_ggh:glbkhpbZevgu_ebqghklbg_

]h\hjylijZ\^mbbfG?EVAY\_jblv gb \ h^ghf baaZ^Zgbc gb \lhf qlh hgb fh]ml

l\_j^h ijb^_j`b\Zlvky ohlv h^gh]h ijbgpbiZ beb fhjZevghc mklZgh\db

G_jZa[hjqb\hklv \ k\yayo hkdhj[e_gb_ kmijm]h\ `_klhdh_ h[jZs_gb_ k ^_lvfb b

ivygu_ kljZklb ² lbibqgu_ y\e_gby \ `bagb wlbo [hevguo Ijbf_qZl_evghc

hkh[_gghklvx y\ey_lky hlkmlkl\b_ m wlbo ebqghkl_c kh`Ze_gby ih ih\h^m k\hbo

^_ckl\bcwlhihdZau\Z_lqlhm gbog_^hklZlhqghjZa\blhkhagZgb_

>bZ]gha

 DZd mihfbgZehkv wlb [hevgu_ dZ`mlky \ [_k_^_ kihdhcgufb b

aZkem`b\Zxsbfb^h\_jbyH^gZdhaZ\g_rgbfehkdhfbebihevamykvl_jfbghf +HUYH\

&OHFNOH\ ©aZ fZkdhc jZamfghklbª kdju\Zxlky gZijy`_gb_ \jZ`^_[ghklv

jZa^jZ`bl_evghklvb yjhklv?keb\h\j_fy[_k_^umkljhblvklj_kkij_^ty\b\[hevghfm

\kxbklhjbx_]hihegmxe`b\hklbwlhbgh]^Zihfh]Z_lh[gZjm`blviZlheh]bx>Z`_

kZfuchiulguc\jZqfh`_l[ulvh^mjZq_glZdbfb[hevgufb

Ijb ihklZgh\d_ ^bZ]ghaZ ke_^m_l ijh\_klb lsZl_evgh_ g_\jheh]bq_kdh_

bkke_^h\Zgb_ BaaZ lh]h qlh m lZdbo [hevguo qZklh [u\Z_l iZlheh]bq_kdZy WW= b

e_]db_ hj]Zgbq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby fh`gh ij_^iheZ]Zlv qlh \ ^_lkl\_ [hevghc i_j_g_k

g_[hevrh_ hj]Zgbq_kdh_ aZ[he_\Zgb_ wlb ^Zggu_ fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv ^ey

ih^l\_j`^_gby debgbq_kdbo ^Zgguo Gb`_ ijb\h^ylky ^bZ]ghklbq_kdb_ djbl_jbb ^ey

ZglbkhpbZevgh]hjZkkljhckl\Zebqghklbijb\_^_ggu_\ '60,,,5

:

<hajZkld gZklhys_fmfhf_glmg_f_g__  e_l

;

NZdlu k\b^_l_evkl\mxsb_ h jZkkljhckl\_ ih\_^_gby k gZqZehf \ \hajZkl_

f_g__  e_ldZdmdZau\Z_lgZebqb_lj_obeb[he__bake_^mxsbo

 [uebqZklu_ijh]meu

 m[_]Zeba^hfZghqvxihf_gvr_cf_j_^\Z`^uihdZ`be\ jh^bl_evkdhf^hf_

bebaZf_gyxs_fjh^bl_evkdbc^hfbebh^gZ`^ughg_\ha\jZsZeky

 qZklhi_j\uf\klmiZe\ ^jZdm

 ijbf_gyehjm`b_[he__q_f\ h^ghc^jZd_

 aZklZ\eyedh]hgb[m^v\klmiZlv\ k_dkmZevgmxk\yavk gbfbebkg_c

 ijhy\eyenbabq_kdmx`_klhdhklvd `b\hlguf

 ki_pbZevghjZajmrZeqvxgb[m^vkh[kl\_gghklvghg_h]g_f

 ki_pbZevghmkljZb\Zeih`Zju

 qZklh e]Ze g_ ^ey lh]h qlh[u ba[_`Zlv nbabq_kdh]h beb k_dkmZevgh]h

gZdZaZgby

 \hjh\Zeg_\klmiZy\h\aZbfh^_ckl\b_k `_jl\hc[he__q_fh^bgjZa\dexqZy

ih^^_edm^hdmf_glh\

 \hjh\Ze \klmiZy \h \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ k `_jl\hc gZijbf_j dZjlhqgZy b]jZ

djZ`Zdhr_evdZ\ufh]Zl_evkl\h\hhjm`_ggh_gZiZ^_gb_

<

IZll_jg [_ahl\_lkl\_ggh]h b ZglbkhpbZevgh]h ih\_^_gby\ \hajZkl_ ihke_ 

e_ldZdhij_^_ey_lkyihf_gvr_cf_j_  bake_^mxsbo

 g_fh`_lijZ\bevgh\_klbk_[ygZjZ[hl_dZdmdZau\Z_lkyh^gbfbake_^mxsbo

\dexqZykoh^gh_ih\_^_gb_\ mq_[guoaZ\_^_gbyo_kebkm[t_dlklm^_gl

ZagZqbl_evgZyg_aZgylhklvgZjZ[hl_\ l_q_gb_  f_kbeb[he__aZ  e_ldh]^Z

fh`gh[uehjZ[hlZlvjZ[hlZ[ueZ

[ih\lhjgu_ijh]meuh[tykgy_fu_kh[kl\_gghc[he_agvxbeb[he_agvxqe_gh\

k_fvb

\hklZ\e_gb_jy^ZjZ[hl[_aj_ZevguoieZgh\gZkq_l[m^ms_cjZ[hlu

 g_ fh`_l \uihegylvkhpbZevgh ijbgylu_ ghjfu `blv \ kh]eZkbb k aZdhghf

dZd mdZau\Z_lky ih\lhjguf kh\_jr_gb_f ZglbkhpbZevguo ^_ckl\bc gZ hkgh\Zgbb

dhlhjuoih^\_j]Z_lkyZj_klmg_aZ\bkbfhhllh]h[m^_lebnZdlbq_kdb Zj_klh\Zg beb

g_l gZijbf_j jZajmrZ_l kh[kl\_gghklv [_kihdhbl hdjm`Zxsbo \hjm_l aZgbfZ_lky

ijhlb\haZdhggufb^_eZfb

 y\ey_lky jZa^jZ`bl_evguf b Z]j_kkb\guf dZd mdZau\Z_lky ih\lhjgufb

^jZdZfbbebgZiZ^_gbyfbg_lj_[mxsbfbky ih  oZjZdl_jmjZ[hlubg_ gm`gufb ^ey

kZfhh[hjhgu\dexqZyijbf_g_gb_gZkbebyihhlghr_gbxd^_lyfb kmijm]Zf

 ih\lhjgh ij_g_[j_]Z_l nbgZgkh\ufb h[yaZgghklyfb dZd mdZau\Z_lky

gZjmr_gb_f nbgZgkh\uo h[yaZl_evkl\ beb hldZahf hl \uieZlu ^he]h\ aZ kh^_j`Zgb_

^_l_cbeb^jm]boebpdhlhjuohgh[yaZgkh^_j`Zlvihklhyggh

 g_ fh`_l ieZgbjh\Zlv gZi_j_^ beb y\ey_lky bfimevkb\guf dZd mdZau\Z_lky

h^gbfbebh[hbfbgb`_ke_^mxsbfb

Z iml_r_kl\m_l k f_klZ gZ f_klh [_a aZjZg__ ih^]hlh\e_gghc jZ[hlu beb

hlq_leb\hc p_eb gZ i_jbh^ \j_f_gb iml_r_kl\by beb hlq_leb\hc b^_b hlhf dh]^Z

aZdhgqblkyiml_r_kl\b_

[hlkmlkl\b_nbdkbjh\Zggh]hZ^j_kZ\ l_q_gb_f_kypZbeb^hevr_

 gb \ q_f g_ y\ey_lky ijZ\^b\uf dZd mdZau\Z_lky ih\lhjghc eh`vx

bkihevah\Zgb_f\ufure_gguobf_g

bebh[fZgu\Zgb_f^jm]bok p_evxebqghc\u]h^ubebm^h\hevkl\by

 ijhy\ey_l[_aaZ[hlghklvihhlghr_gbxd_]hbeb__ beb^jm]boex^_cebqghc

[_ahiZkghklb dZd mdZau\Z_lky \h`^_gb_f fZrbgu \ khklhygbb hivyg_gby beb k

ij_\ur_gb_fkdhjhklb

 [m^mqbjh^bl_e_fbebhi_dmghfg_fh`_l\uihegylvk\hbnmgdpbbk qm\kl\hf

hl\_lkl\_gghklbdZdmdZau\Z_lkyh^gbfbeb[he__bake_^mxsboZiehobfiblZgb_f

j_[_gdZ

[aZ[he_\Zgb_fj_[_gdZ\ j_amevlZl_g_kh[ex^_gby]b]b_gu

\g_h[jZs_gb_faZf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsvxijbk_jv_aghfaZ[he_\Zgbbj_[_gdZ

] hkms_kl\e_gb_f moh^Z aZ j_[_gdhf b ij_^hklZ\e_gb_f _fm djh\Z khk_^yfb b

qm`bfbex^vfb

^g_kihkh[ghklvxhj]Zgbah\Zlvmoh^aZj_[_gdhfdh]^Zjh^bl_e_cg_l^hfZ

_ih\lhjyxsbfkyjZkljZqb\Zgb_fgZebqgu_gm`^u^_g_]ij_^gZagZq_gguogZ

ohayckl\h

 gbdh]^Z g_ ih^^_j`b\Ze bklbggh fhgh]Zfguo k\ya_c \ l_q_gb_ [he__ q_f

h^gh]h]h^Z

 hlkmlkl\b_kh`Ze_gbyqm\kl\m_lk_[yijZ\ufohlyh[b`Z_liehohhlghkblky

bebqlhlhhl[bjZ_lm ^jm]bo

=

Ijhy\e_gb_ ZglbkhpbZevgh]h ih\_^_gby g_ lhevdh \h \j_fy aZ[he_\Zgby

rbahnj_gb_cbebfZgbZdZevgufbwibah^Zfb

?keb m`_ jZa\behkv ZglbkhpbZevgh_ ih\_^_gb_ hgh l_q_l [_a j_fbkkbc ijbq_f

ibd gZklmiZ_l h[uqgh \ iha^g_f ih^jhkldh\hf \hajZkl_ Ijh]gha [u\Z_l jZaebqguf

Bf_xlkykhh[s_gbyhlhfqlhkbfilhfuhkeZ[_\Zxlihf_j_ih \ajhke_gby[hevgh]hM

fgh]bo [hevguo jZa\b\Z_lky jZkkljhckl\h \\b^_ khfZlbaZpbb bhgb \ukdZau\Zxl

fgh`_kl\h khfZlbq_kdbo `Zeh[ Lbibqgufb [u\Zxl ^_ij_kkby Zedh]hebaf b

gZjdhfZgby

>bnn_j_gpbZevguc ^bZ]gha

:glbkhpbZevgu_ jZkkljhckl\Z ebqghklb

hlebqZxlky hl ijhlb\hijZ\gh]h ih\_^_gby l_f qlh ZglbkhpbZevgu_ jZkkljhckl\Z

ebqghklb \dexqZxl fgh]b_ Zki_dlu `bagb km[t_dlZ ?keb ZglbkhpbZevgh_ ih\_^_gb_

y\ey_lky _^bgkl\_gguf ijhy\e_gb_f lZdbf km[t_dlZf khhl\_lkl\_ggh '60,,,5

klZ\blky^bZ]ghakhklhygbyg_k\yaZggh]hk ikbobq_kdbfjZkkljhckl\hf 'RURWL /HZLV

ihdZaZeZ h^gZdh qlh m fgh]bo ba wlbo [hevguo hlf_qZxlky g_\jheh]bq_kdb_ beb

ikbobq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby dhlhju_ jZg__ hklZebkv g_aZf_q_ggufb beb g_

^bZ]ghklbjh\Zggufb;he__ljm^ghcy\ey_lky^bnn_j_gpbZpbyf_`^mZglbkhpbZevguf

ebqghklguf jZkkljhckl\hf b jZkkljhckl\hf \\b^_ aehmihlj_[e_gby \j_^gufb

\_s_kl\Zfb Dh]^Z h[Z jZkkljhckl\Z aehmihlj_[e_gb_ \_s_kl\Zfb b ZglbkhpbZevgh_

ih\_^_gb_gZqbgZxlky \ ^_lkl\_b ijh^he`Zxlky\h\ajhkehc`bagbke_^m_lklZ\blv

^bZ]ghah[hbojZkkljhckl\?kebh^gZdhZglbkhpbZevgh_ih\_^_gb_y\ey_lkyhlq_leb\h

\lhjbqguf ih hlghr_gbx d ij_fhj[b^ghfm aehmihlj_[e_gbx Zedh]he_f ^bZ]gha

ZglbkhpbZevgh]hih\_^_gbyg_y\ey_lkyhijZ\^Zgguf

Ijb ihklZgh\d_ ^bZ]ghaZ ZglbkhpbZevgh]h ebqghklgh]h jZkkljhckl\Z \Z`gh

hij_^_eblv \ebygb_ wlh]h jZkkljhckl\Z gZ jZajmr_gb_ ijbgZ^e_`ghklb d

hij_^_e_gghfm khpbZevghfm deZkkm dmevlmj_ bihem ;he__ lh]h ^bZ]gha

ZglbkhpbZevguojZkkljhckl\ebqghklbg_hijZ\^ZgijbaZ^_j`d_mfkl\_ggh]hjZa\blby

rbahnj_gbb beb fZgbb _keb wlb khklhygby fh]ml h[mkeh\eb\Zlv gZ[ex^Zxsb_ky

gZjmr_gby

E_q_gb_

?keb ZglbkhpbZevguo ebqghkl_c ebrblv \hafh`ghklb ^_ckl\h\Zlv \

ijb\uqghckj_^_bebihklZ\blvbo\ kblmZpbxdh]^ZboihgbfZxlk\_jklgbdblh]^Z

\f_klh lh]h qlh[u [ulv g_bkijZ\bfufb [_kq_eh\_qgufb [_kqm\kl\_ggufb g_

qm\kl\mxsbfb k\hx \bgm b g_kihkh[gufb q_fmgb[m^v gZmqblvky ba kh[kl\_ggh]h

hiulZ hgb gZqbgZxl ijhy\eylv lhevdh q_eh\_qghklv DZd lhevdh ZglbkhpbZevguc

km[t_dl qm\kl\m_l qlh hg kj_^b k\_jklgbdh\ mg_]h bkq_aZ_l g_^hklZlhd fhlb\Zpbb

gZijZ\e_gghc gZ baf_g_gb_ kZfh]h k_[y Fh`_l [ulv bf_ggh ihwlhfm ]jmiiu

kZfhihfhsbhdZau\Zxlky[he__ihe_agufbq_flxjvfub ikbobZljbq_kdb_[h evgbpu

^eymf_gvr_gbywlh]hjZkkljhckl\Z

I_j_^ l_f dZd gZqZlv e_q_gb_ g_h[oh^bfh mklZgh\blv kljh]b_ ij_^_eu <jZq

^he`_g gZsmiZlv imlv dhlhjuc ihfh`_l _fm h[jZsZlvky k jZajmrbl_evguf

ih\_^_gb_f [hevgh]h :^ey lh]h qlh[u ij_h^he_lv kljZo ZglbkhpbZevghc ebqghklb

i_j_^bglbfghklvx\jZq^he`_gih^\_j]gmlvnjmkljZpbb`_eZgb_[hevgh]hk[_`Zlvhl

kh\_kleb\hklb b bkdj_gg_c [heb dhlhjmx bkiulu\Z_rv ijb klhedgh\_gbb k

q_eh\_q_kdbfb ijh[e_fZfb IhklmiZy lZdbf h[jZahf \jZq klZedb\Z_lky k

g_h[oh^bfhklvxhl^_eblvdhgljhevhlgZdZaZgbyZ ihfhsvb h[s_gb_ ² hlkhpbZevghc

baheypbbb dZjuaZkh^_yggh_

:glbkhpbZevguf ebqghklyf ijbghkyl \j_^ ohjhrb_ xjb^bq_kdb_ aZsblgbdb

ihkdhevdm hgb g_ ihemqZxl ihfhsb \ k\h_f ^Zevg_cr_f ih\_^_gbb GZijhlb\

ZglbkhpbZevguf ebqghklyf ke_^m_l ihfhqv gZclb Zevl_jgZlb\gu_ aZsblgu_

f_oZgbafu DZd ijb h[jZs_gbb k fZe_gvdbfb ^_lvfb \jZq g_ ^he`_g aZij_sZlv

ZglbkhpbZevghc ebqghklb ^_eZlv qlhlh Z ^he`_g \f_klh wlh]h j_dhf_g^h\Zlv _fm

Zevl_jgZlb\gucihklmihd

Lhevdhqe_gkl\h\ ]jmii_bebijhy\e_gb_aZ[hluh ^jm]bobeblhb ^jm]h_\f_kl_

h[_ki_qb\Z_l \ajhkeh]h km[t_dlZ jh^bl_evkdhc aZ[hlhc dhlhjhc hg gbdh]^Z g_

bkiulu\Ze :glbkhpbZevgu_ ebqghklb \ ^_lkl\_ i_j_`beb jh^bl_evkdh_

ij_g_[j_`_gb_Z ]jmiiZfh`_lh[_ki_qblvbol_fqlhhgbijbgbfZxlaZk_fvx

NZjfZdhl_jZiby ijbf_gy_lky ijb gZebqbb kbfilhfh\ \uau\Zxsbo

g_ljm^hkihkh[ghklv gZijbf_j ijb lj_\h]_ yjhklb ^_ij_kkbb H^gZdh baaZ lh]h qlh

wlbebpZqZklhy\eyxlkygZjdhfZgZfbe_dZjkl\Zke_^m_lijbf_gylvhklhjh`gh

IH=J:GBQGU?J:KKLJHCKL<:EBQGHKLB

Hij_^_e_gb_

Ih]jZgbqgu_ khklhygby g_\jhah\ b ikbohah\ oZjZdl_jbamxlky

qj_a\uqZcgh g_klhcdbf Znn_dlhf gZkljh_gb_f ih\_^_gb_f h[t_dlgufb k\yayfb b

ij_^klZ\e_gb_f hkZfbo k_[_ Wlh jZkkljhckl\h fh`_l lZd`_ [ulv gZa\Zgh

ik_\^hg_\jhlbq_kdhc rbahnj_gb_c hibkZgghc 3KLOOLS 3ROLWDQ b 3DXO +RFK

ikbohlbq_kdbf oZjZdl_jhf hibkZgguf -RKQ )URVFK b wfhpbhgZevgh g_klZ[bevghc

ebqghklvx

Wib^_fbheh]by

Q_ldbo ^Zgguo ih \klj_qZ_fhklb g_l gh kqblZ_lky qlh wlh

jZkkljhckl\hgZ[ex^Z_lkyijb[ebabl_evghm ²  gZk_e_gbyijbq_f m `_gsbg\ 

jZaZqZs_q_fmfm`qbgHlf_qZxlky[he__qZklu_kemqZbmgb[biheyjguo^_ij_kkbc

Zedh]hebafZ b gZjdhfZgbb m jh^kl\_ggbdh\i_j\hc kl_i_gb [hevguok ih]jZgbqgufb

jZkkljhckl\Zfb

Debgbq_kdZy oZjZdl_jbklbdZ

Ih]jZgbqgu_[hevgu_ihqlb\k_]^ZgZoh^ylky \

khklhygbb djbabkZ Lbibqgu dhe_[Zgby gZkljh_gby ;hevgu_ lh kihjyl lh mgbo

hlf_qZxlky^_ij_kkbyb`Zeh[ugZhlkmlkl\b_qm\kl\

Fh]ml bf_lv f_klh djZldh\j_f_ggu_ ikbohlbq_kdb_ wibah^u lZd gZau\Z_fu_

fbdjhikbohlbq_kdb_wibah^ughg_y\gh\ujZ`_ggu_bboikbohlbq_kdb_wibah^ug_

iheghklvx hq_jq_gu fbfhe_lgu beb \uau\Zxl khfg_gb_ Ih\_^_gb_ [hevguo k

ih]jZgbqgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb \ \ukr_c kl_i_gb g_ij_^kdZam_fh ihwlhfm hgb j_^dh

^hklb]Zxl \_jog_]h ij_^_eZ k\h_]h jZa\blby G_a^hjh\uc oZjZdl_j bo `bagb gZoh^bl

hljZ`_gb_\boih \lhjguo^_ckl\byogZijZ\e_gguogZkZfhjZajmr_gb_LZdb_[hevgu_

fh]ml j_aZlv k_[_ aZiyklv_ b kh\_jrZlv ^jm]b_ kZfhih\j_`^Zxsb_ ^_ckl\by qlh[u