Каплан Г.И. Клиническая психиатрия

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

dhjlbdhkl_jhb^h\H[gZjm`_ghqlhdhjlbdhkl_jhb^ujZajmrZxljZaebqgu_bffmggu_

nmgdpbbb h[uqghih^Z\eyxlghbgh]^Zb mkbeb\Zxlbffmggmxj_Zdpbx

BGN?DPBHGGU?A:;HE?<:GBY

Bf_xlky ^Zggu_ qlh gZ [ukljhlm \ua^hjh\e_gby hl bgn_dpbhggh]h

fhghgmde_haZ b ]jbiiZ \ebyxl ikboheh]bq_kdb_ nZdlhju hgb \ebyxl lZd`_ gZ

ih^\_j`_gghklv h[sbf ijhklm^guf jbgh\bjmkguf aZ[he_\Zgbyf b lmeyj_fb_c

H[gZjm`_ghqlhj_dmjj_glgucijhklhc]_ji_kb ]_gblZevguc]_ji_kihy\eyxlky[he__

qZklhm [hevguok debgbq_kdhc^_ij_kkb_cbebml_odhlhju_i_j_`bebqj_a\uqZcguc

klj_kk Kh[ulby \uau\Zxsb_ klj_kk iehoh_ ikboheh]bq_kdh_ khklhygb_ kgb`Zxl

khijhlb\ey_fhklv d lm[_jdme_am b\ebyxl gZ l_q_gb_ aZ[he_\Zgby <Z`gmx jhev \

\ua^hjh\e_gbb hl lm[_jdme_aZ b]jZ_l lZd`_ khpbZevgZy ih^^_j`dZ Hlf _q_gh qlh

mkeh\by `bagb \uau\Zxsb_ ]g_\ gZjmrZxl [Zdl_jbZevgmx nehjm dbr_qgbdZ

<uy\e_ghqlhklm^_gludhee_^`Zdhlhju_j_Z]bjmxlgZly`_eu_`bag_ggu_kh[ulby

^_aZ^Zilb\ghc Z]j_kkb_c beb Znn_dlb\gufb gZjmr_gbyfb \ihke_^kl\bb qZs_

aZ[he_\Zxl j_kibjZlhjgufb bgn_dpbhggufb aZ[he_\Zgbyfb \_jogbo ^uoZl_evguo

iml_c <wlbo bkke_^h\Zgbyo lZd`_ h[gZjm`_gh qlh i_j\bqgZy bffmggZy j_Zdpby

y\ey_lky de_lhqghh[mkeh\e_gghc Ijb KIB>_ i_j_^Z\Z_fhf q_j_a \bjmk +,9

lbibqguf ijhy\e_gb_f [u\Zxl ikbobq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby fgh]b_ kqblZxl qlh gZ

ijh]j_kkbjh\Zgb_ aZ[he_\Zgby \eby_l ikboheh]bq_kdh_ khklhygb_ [hevgh]h >ey

ih^jh[gh]hhagZdhfe_gbyk ikbobZljbq_kdbfbZki_dlZfbKIB>Zkf]eZ\m 

:EE?J=BQ?KDB?J:KKLJHCKL<:

Fgh`_kl\_ggu_ debgbq_kdb_ nZdlu ihdZau\Zxl qlh ikboheh]bq_kdb_ nZdlhju

b]jZxl \Z`gmx jhev \ \hagbdgh\_gbb Zee_j]bq_kdbo jZkkljhckl\ ;jhgobZevgZy

ZklfZ²yjdbc ijbf_j iZlheh]bq_kdh]h ijhp_kkZ \dexqZxs_]h g_aZf_^ebl_evgmx

]bi_jqm\kl\bl_evghklvdhlhjZyk\yaZgZk ikbohkhpbZevgufbijhp_kkZfbGZqZemZklfu

fh]ml kihkh[kl\h\Zlv wfhpbhgZevgu_ j_Zdpbb gZ `bl_ckdb_ kblmZpbb ebqghklgu_

hkh[_gghklbb h[mkeh\eb\Zgb_mkeh\gu_j_Zdpbb

LJ:GKIE:GL:PBY HJ=:GH<

IkbohkhpbZevgu_ nZdlhju b]jZxl \Z`gmx jhev \ ljZgkieZglZpbb i_j_kZ^d_

hj]Zgh\ <jy^_ debgbq_kdbo bkke_^h\Zgbc hlf_qZ_lky qlh kh[ulby \uau\Zxsb_

klj_kk lj_\h]m b ^_ij_kkbx kihkh[kl\mxl hllhj`_gbx i_j_kZ`_gguo ldZg_c <

f_oZgbafZowlh]hhllhj`_gby\Z`gmxjhevb]jZxlikbohkhpbZevgu_\ebygby

:MLHBFFMGGU?IJHP?KKU

<Z`g_cr_c nmgdpb_c bffmgghc kbkl_fu y\ey_lky jZaebq_gb_ f_`^m

kh[kl\_ggufb b g_kh[kl\_ggufb b hllhj`_gb_ qm`bo g_kh[kl\_gguo Zglb]_gh\

Bgh]^Z ih ijbqbgZf \ gZklhys__ \j_fy _s_ g_ba\_klguf jZa\b\Zxlky de_lhqgh

hihkj_^h\Zggu_ beb ]hjfhgZevgu_ bffmggu_ j_Zdpbb gZijZ\e_ggu_ ijhlb\

kh[kl\_gguo de_lhd hj]ZgbafZ < j_amevlZl_ wlbo j_Zdpbc gZ[ex^Z_lky fgh`_kl\h

iZlheh]bq_kdboijhy\e_gbcdhlhju_ihemqbebgZa\Zgb_ZmlhbffmgguoaZ[he_\ZgbcD

jZkkljhckl\Zf k\yaZgguf k Zmlhbffmgguf dhfihg_glhf hlghkylky [he_agv =j_c\kZ

[he_agv OZrbfhlh j_\fZlhb^guc Zjljbl ya\_gguc dhebl j_]bhgZjguc be_bl

kbkl_fgZydjZkgZy\heqZgdZikhjbZaly`_eZyfbZkl_gbyb i_jgbpbhagZyZg_fby

J:D

Hlghkbl_evghk\yabf_`^mikboheh]bq_kdbfbnZdlhjZfbb aZ[he_\ZgbyfbjZdhf

bf__lky h[rbjgZy ebl_jZlmjZ Hlf_qZ_lky qlh gZqZem himohe_\h]h jhklZ qZklh

ij_^r_kl\mxl `bagv ihegZy klj_kkh\ hkh[_ggh qm\kl\h h^bghq_kl\Z bmljZlu wlh

oZjZdl_jgh^eyjZdZr_cdbfZldbe_cd_fbbb ebfnhfu

< ^jm]bojZ[hlZogZijhlb\g_h[gZjm`b\Z_lkygbdZdhck\yabf_`^mmkeh\byfb

`bagb b ^h[jhdZq_kl\_ggufb himoheyfb ]jm^b Lh `_ kDfh_ kijZ\_^eb\h ^ey

^h[jhdZq_kl\_gghc]bi_jljhnbbij_^klZl_evghc`_e_augZqZemdhlhjhcdZdhdZaZehkv

ij_^r_kl\mxl [uklju_ baf_g_gby `bagb [hevgh]h gZijhlb\ gZqZem jZdZ fhq_\h]h

imaujy ij_^r_kl\m_l [he__ f_^e_ggh ijhl_dZxsb_ ^ebl_evgu_ hljbpZl_evgh

hdjZr_ggu_kh[ulby

Fgh]hqbke_ggu_ bkke_^h\Zgby ihk\ys_gu ihiuldZf mklZgh\blv k\yav f_`^m

ebqghklgufbhkh[_gghklyfbb ih^\_j`_gghklvxaZ[he_\Zgbx jZdhfHlf_qZ_lky qlh

[hevgu_ jZdhf e_]dh]h \ f_gvr_c kl_i_gb kihkh[gu jZajy`Zlv k\hb wfhpbb q_f

[hevgu_ g_ kljZ^Zxsb_ jZdhf e_lg__ bkke_^h\Zgb_ gZqZlh_ gZ klm^_glZo

f_^bpbgkdh]hdhee_^`Zb gZijZ\e_ggh_gZij_^kdZaZgb_dlh\ [m^ms_faZ[he__ljZdhf

ihdZaZeh qlh ih^\_j`^_ggu_ wlhfm aZ[he_\Zgbx ebpZ g_ kdehggu d [ukljhfm

ijhy\e_gbx k\hbo wfhpbc >jm]b_ bkke_^h\Zgby ihdZaZeb qlh [hevgu_ jZdhf

qj_af_jghbkihevah\Zebk\hbaZsblgu_f_oZgbafuhljbpZgbyb j_ij_kkbb

M\_ebq_gb_ dhebq_kl\Z bgnhjfZpbb h[ bffmgheh]bq_kdbo Zki_dlZo jZdZ klZ\bl

\hijhk h \hafh`ghklb lh]h qlh \ hihkj_^h\Zgbb bffmgheh]bq_kdbo f_oZgbafh\

ij_^jZkiheh`_gghklbb l_q_gbyhimohe_cb]jZxljhevikbohkhpbZevgu_nZdlhju

BFFMGBL?LB IKBOBQ?KDB?J:KKLJHCKL<:

Ohly\ p_ehfjy^_bkke_^h\Zgbcijb\h^ylky^Zggu_aZklZ\eyxsb_ij_^iheZ]Zlv

m [hevguo rbahnj_gb_c gZjmr_gb_ bffmgghklb b Zmlhbffmgghklb gZebqb_

ki_pbnbq_kdbogZjmr_gbc

ih^l\_j^blv g_ m^Z_lky IjbgbfZxl eb mqZklb_ bffmgheh]bq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby \

iZlh]_g_a_ g_dhlhjuo beb \k_o lbih\ rbahnj_gbb beb wlb gZjmr_gby k\yaZgu k

rbjhdbf djm]hf nZdlhjh\ \dexqZy kha^Zgb_ jZaebqgh]h \b^Z mqj_`^_gbc

bgklblmpbhgZebaZpbyb g_cjhe_ilbq_kdb_\_s_kl\ZhklZ_lkyg_\uykg_gguf

AgZqbl_evgh f_g__ bamq_gu bffmggu_ n_ghf_gu ijb ^jm]bo

g_rbahnj_gbq_kdboikbobq_kdbojZkkljhckl\ZoHlf_q_ghqlhm ikbobq_kdb[hevguo

ih\ur_gu mjh\gb ,J0 b ,J$ Wlb ^Zggu_ k\b^_l_evkl\mxl h g_h[oh^bfhklb

^Zevg_cr_]hbamq_gbywlh]h \hijhkZ Ml\_j`^_gb_ qlh ^_ij_kkb\gu_[hevgu_bf_xl

ih\ur_ggucmjh\_gv Zmlhbffmgguo Zglbl_e \uau\Z_l jy^ \hajZ`_gbc < g_dhlhjuo

bkke_^h\ZgbyomdZau\Z_lkyqlhqZklhlZh[gZjm`_gbyZglbde_lhqguoZglbl_em [hevguo

k Zmlhbffmggufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb lZdbfb dZd kbkl_fgZy djZkgZy \heqZgdZ m

^_ij_kkb\guo[hevguoih\ur_gZ

DH@GU?A:;HE?<:GBY

HIJ?>?E?GB?

IkbohkhfZlbq_kdb_ aZ[he_\Zgby dh`b \dexqZxl p_euc jy^ iZlheh]bq_kdbo

ijhy\e_gbckhklhjhgu dh`bMom^r_gb_l_q_gby wlbo aZ[he_\Zgbc b j_Zdpby gZ gbo

kbevghaZ\bkylhlwfhpbhgZevguonZdlhjh\

=?G?J:EBAH<:GGUCAM>

;uehihdZaZghqlham^s_dhldZb [hevijh\h^ylkyihl_fkZfufZnn_j_glguf

\hehdgZf b jZaebqZxlky lhevdh ih qZklhl_ weHdljbq_kdbo bfimevkh\ Am^ysb_

^_jfZlhau gZ[ex^Zxlky ijb q_khld_ i_^bdme_a_ mdmkZo gZk_dhfuo djZib\gbp_

dhglZdlghf ^_jfZlbl_ kljb]ms_f ebrZ_ b ihlgbp_ <gmlj_ggbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb

dhlhju_qZklhh[mkeh\eb\Zxlam^y\eyxlkykZoZjguc^bZ[_lg_njbl[he_agbi_q_gb

ih^Z]jZaZ[he_\Zgbysblh\b^ghc`_e_auibs_\Zy Zee_j]by[he_agvOh^`dbgZe_cdha

bjZdAm^fh`_llZd`_\hagbdZlv\h\j_fy[_j_f_gghklbb\klZjhklb

L_jfbg ©]_g_jZebah\Zgguc ikboh]_gguc ijmjblmkª hagZqZ_l qlh hj]Zgbq_kdbc

nZdlhjdhlhjucfh][u h[mkeh\blvam^hlkmlkl\m_lbebih f_gvr_c f_j_ [hevr_g_

kms_kl\m_lbqlh ijb bkke_^h\Zgbb ikbobq_kdh]h klZlmkZ \uy\eyxlky wfhpbhgZevgu_

dhgnebdludhlhju_hq_\b^ghe_`Zl\ hkgh\_^Zggh]hjZkkljhckl\Z

Wfhpbyfbdhlhju_gZb[he__qZklhijb\h^yld ]_g_jZebah\Zgghfmikboh]_gghfm

ijmjblmkm y\eyxlky j_ij_kkbjh\Zgguc ]g_\ b j_ij_kkbjh\ZggZy lj_\h]Z Dh]^Z [u

q_eh\_d khagZl_evgh beb ih^ khagZl_evgh gb i_j_`b\Ze ]g_\ beb lj_\h]m hgb \k_]^Z

hdZau\Zxl ih\j_`^Zxs__ ^_ckl\b_ qZklh kbevgh_ H[s_c hkh[_gghFlvx wlbo ebp

y\ey_lkyg_h[uqZcgZyihlj_[ghklv\ eZkd_NjmkljZpby\ hlghr_gbbwlhcihlj_[ghklb

\uau\Z_l Z]j_kkb\ghklv dhlhjZy lhjfhablky JZkq_ku\Zgb_ dh`b ^hklZ\ey_l

m^h\hevkl\b_ aZf_gyxs__ njmkljbjmxsmx ihlj_[ghklv \ eZkd_ djhf_ lh]h

jZkq_ku\Zgb_ij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hcZ]j_kkbxgZijZ\e_ggmxijhlb\kZfh]hk_[y

EHD:EBAH<:GGUCAM>

IjmjblmkaZ^g_]hijhoh^Z< ZgZfg_a_m [hevguok ^ZggufjZkkljhckl\hfh[uqgh

bf__lky ehdZevgh_ jZa^jZ`_gb_ gZijbf_j ]_evfbglu jZa^jZ`Zxsb_ \u^_e_gby

]jb[db beb h[sb_ kbkl_fgu_ nZdlhju gZijbf_j g_^hklZlhqghklv ibs_\Zj_gby

e_dZjkl\_ggZy bglhdkbdZpby H^gZdh ihke_ h[uqgh]h l_q_gby ijmjblmk aZ^g_]h

ijhoh^Z qZklh i_j_klZ_l ih^^Z\Zlvky l_jZibb b gZqbgZ_l `blv k\h_c kh[kl\_gghc

`bagvxhq_\b^ghaZkq_ljZa^jZ`_gbyb gZdeZ^u\Zxs_]hky\hkiZe_gby

;hevgu_ ijb wlhf jZkkljhckl\_ gZklhevdh kbevgh kljZ^Zxl qlh wlh f_rZ_l bo

`bagb b khpbZevghc ^_yl_evghklb L sZl_evgh_ bkke_^h\Zgb_ [hevrh]h qbkeZ wlbo

[hevguoihdZaZehqlh^ZgghfmkhklhygbxqZklhij_^r_kl\mxlebqghklgu_hldehg_gby

bqlhwfhpbhgZevgu_jZkkljhckl\ZagZqbl_evghhly]hsZxlb ih^^_j`b\Zxl_]h

Ijmjblmk \eZ]ZebsZ

DZd bijb ijmjblmk_ aZ^g_]h ijhoh^Z ijb ijmjblmk_

\eZ]ZebsZ bf_xl f_klh ki_pbnbq_kdb_ nbabq_kdb_ nZdlhju ehdZevgu_ beb

]_g_jZebah\Zggu_ b gZebqb_ yjdhc ikbohiZlheh]bb kh\k_f g_ hagZqZ_l qlh g_ gZ^h

ijh\h^blvlsZl_evgh_khfZlbq_kdh_bkke_^h\Zgb_M g_dhlhjuo[hevguom^h\hevkl\b_

ihemqZ_fh_hljZkq_ku\Zgbyb jZkpZjZiu\Zgby\iheg_hkhagZggh_²hgbqm\kl\mxlqlh

wlh kbf\hebq_kdZy nhjfZ fZklmj[Zpbb gh [he__ qZklh dhfihg_gl g_ k\yaZgguc k

m^h\hevkl\b_fih^Z\ey_lky

M [hevrbgkl\Z bkke_^h\Zgguo [hevguo bf_xlky \ ZgZfg_a_ mdZaZgby gZ

k_dkmZevgmxnjmkljZpbxdhlhjZyqZklhmkbeb\Z_lkyd fhf_glmgZqZeZijmjblmkZ

=BI?J=B>JHA

KhklhygbykljZoZ yjhklb b gZijy`_gby fh]m l \ua\Zlv mkbe_gb_ ihlhhl^_e_gby

IhdZaZghqlhm q_eh\_dZbf_xlky^\_nhjfuihleb\hklbl_jfZevgZyb wfhpbhgZevgZy

WfhpbhgZevgZyihleb\hklvkgZqZeZihy\ey_lkygZeZ^hgyoih^hr\Zobih^furdZfb

l_jfZevgZy l_fi_jZlmjgZy ihleb\hklv gZb[he__ aZf_lgZ gZ e[m r__ kibg_ b

^hjkZevghc ih\_joghklb dbklb b ij_^ie_qvy Qm\kl\bl_evghklv wfhpbhgZevghc

ihleb\hklb kem`bl hkgh\hc ^ey baf_j_gby ihlhhl^_e_gby k ihfhsvx

dh`gh]Zev\Zgbq_kdhcj_Zdpbb\Z`gucbgkljmf_glikbohkhfZlbq_kdbobkke_^h\Zgbc

[bheh]bq_kdhch[jZlghck\yabb iheb]jZnZ^_l_dlhje`b

<mkeh\byo ^ebl_evgh]h wfhpbhgZevgh]h klj_kkZ qj_af_jgZy ihleb\hklv

]bi_j]b^jhafh`_l ijb\h^blv dh \lhjbqguf baf_g_gbyf kh klhjhgu dh`b dh`guf

\ukuiZgbyf \he^ujyf b bgn_dpbyf \ke_^kl\b_ wlh]h hgZ fh`_l e_`Zlv \ hkgh\_

p_eh]hjy^Zdh`guo aZ[he_\Zgbc dhlhju_ i_j\bqgh g_ k\yaZgu k wfhpbyfb <p_ehf

]bi_j]b^jha fh`_l jZkkfZljb\Zlvky dZd n_ghf_g lj_\h`ghklb hihkj_^h\Zgguc

\_]_lZlb\ghc g_j\ghc kbkl_fhc _]h ke_^m_l hlebqZlv hl ]bi_j]b^jhaZ \ua\Zggh]h

e_dZjkl\Zfb

DHGKMEVL:PBHGG:YIKBOB:LJBY

HIJ?>?E?GB?

< DhgkmevlZpbhgghc ikbobZljbb DI ikbobZlj y\ey_lky dhgkmevlZglhf

f_^bpbgkdh]hmqj_`^_gbybeb^jm]h]hikbobZljZbeb[he__qZklh\jZqZg_ikbobZljZ

beb ^jm]h]h mqj_`^_gby kem`[u ikbobq_kdh]h a^hjh\vy ikboheh]h\ jZ[hlgbdh\

khpbZevguo kem`[ k_kl_j jZ[hlZxsbo \ ikbobZljbb Djhf_ lh]h ikbobZlj DI

ijh\h^bl dhgkmevlZpbb [hevguo gZoh^ysboky \ l_jZi_\lbq_kdbo beb objmj]bq_kdbo

debgbdZo b j_dhf_g^m_l ikbobZljbq_kdh_ e_q_gb_ _keb wlh lj_[m_lky <p_ehf DI

k\yaZgZ kh \k_fb \b^Zfb ^bZ]ghklbq_kdbo l_jZi_\lbq_kdbo bkke_^h\Zl_evkdbo b

mq_[guo f_jhijbylbc dhlhju_ ikbobZlj \uihegy_l \ debgbdZo h[s_]h ijhnbey b

kem`blfhklbdhff_`^mikbobZljb_cb ^jm]bfbijhn_kkbyfb

>B:=GHA

<jZqbDI^he`guohjhrhjZa[bjZlvky\ \hijhkZoikbobZljbq_kdhc^bZ]ghklbdb

>_f_gpby b ^_ebjbc qZklhhkeh`gyxll_q_gb_khfZlbq_kdbohj]Zgbq_kdboaZ[he_\Zgbc

Ih\_^_gb_k hldehg_gbyfblZdbfbdZdkmbpb^lbibqgh^ey[hevguok hj]Zgbq_kdbfb

aZ[he_\Zgbyfb Ki_pbZebklu DI ^he`gu agZlv fgh]b_ khfZlbq_kdb_ aZ[he_\Zgby

dhlhju_ijhl_dZxlk kbfilhfZlbdhcikbobq_kdbogZjmr_gbcBgkljmf_gludhlhjufb

ikbobZljdhgkmevlZgljZkiheZ]Z_l^eyihklZgh\db^bZ]ghaZ² wlh[_k_^Zb ihklhyggh_

debgbq_kdh_ gZ[ex^_gb_ >bZ]ghklbdZ gZijZ\e_gZ gZ \uy\e_gb_ ikbobq_kdbo

gZjmr_gbc b ikboheh]bq_kdbo j_Zdpbc gZ nbabq_kdb_ aZ[he_\Zgby gZ bamq_gb_

ebqghklguohkh[_gghkl_c[hevgh]hb hij_^_e_gb_kihkh[ghklb[hevgh]hkijZ\blvkyk

[he_agvx qlh[u j_dhf_g^h\Zlv e_q_gb_ dhlhjh_ [m^_l ohjhrh khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv

ihlj_[ghklyf[hevgh]h

J:;HL:K ;HEVGUFB

IkbobZlju DI \ghkyl kms_kl\_gguc \deZ^ \ jZ[hlm k [hevgufb hg khklhbl \

ZgZeba_j_Zdpbb[hevgh]hgZaZ[he_\Zgb__]hikboheh]bq_kdbob khpbZevguoj_kmjkh\

hlghr_gbyd [he_agbb ikbobq_kdbogZjmr_gbc_kebhgbbf_xlf_klh

GZhkgh\_\ur_baeh`_ggh]hkhklZ\ey_lkyieZgjZ[hluk [hevgufH[km`^Zywlhl

ieZg dhgkmevlZglikbobZlj ^h\h^bl k\h_ fg_gb_ ^h k\_^_gby \jZq_cg_ikbobZljh\

dhlhju_e_qZl[hevgh]hJ_dhf_g^Zpbb^he`gu[ulv q_ldbfdhgdj_lgufjmdh\h^kl\hf

d ^_ckl\bx <jZq DI fh`_l j_dhf_g^h\Zlv ki_pbnbq_kdmx l_jZibx ih^kdZaZlv qlh

gZ^hbkke_^h\Zlv\ ^Zevg_cr_fjZkkdZaZlv\jZqmb f_^i_jkhgZemdZdh_ agZq_gb_ ^ey

[hevgh]h bf__l ikbohkhpbZevgZy aZ[hlZ beb ihkh\_lh\Zlv i_j_\_klb [hevgh]h ^ey

^ebl_evgh]h e_q_gby \ ki_pbZebabjh\Zggh_ ikbobZljbq_kdh_ mqj_`^_gb_ beb `_

ijh\_klbdjZldh\j_f_ggh_e_q_gb_\ [hevgbp_^eykhfZlbq_kdbo[hevguo

>bZiZahg \hijhkh\ k dhlhjufb ijboh^blky klZedb\Zlvky ikbobZljm ba DI

^he`_g [ulv hq_gv rbjhdbf Bkke_^h\Zgby ihdZau\Zxl qlh \iehlv ^h 

khfZlbq_kdbo [hevguo bf_xl ikbobq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby gZb[he__ qZkluf kbfilhfhf

y\eyxlkylj_\h]Z^_ij_kkbyb ^_ahjb_glbjh\dZ<  kemqZ_\h[jZs_gb_d ikbobZljm

baDIijbqbghc_]hy\ey_lkyhj]ZgbaZpbhggu_\hijhku

KI?PB:EBABJH<:GGU?MQJ?@>?GBY

Hl^_e_gbybgl_gkb\ghcl_jZibbHBLHkgh\ghchkh[_gghklvxHBLy\ey_lkylh

qlh m [hevguo dhlhju_ \ gbo gZoh^ylky \uy\e_gu m]jh`Zxsb_ `bagb aZ[he_\Zgby

ikboheh]bq_kdb_j_ZdpbbgZdhlhju_fh`ghij_^\b^_lvb dhlhju__kebbog_e_qblv

fh]mlij_^klZ\eylvkh[hchiZkghklv^eykhojZg_gby`bagbb \ua^hjh\e_gbyI_jkhgZe

dZj^bheh]bq_kdbob khfZlbq_kdboHB gZ[ex^Z_l

j_Zdpbb gZ hklju_ g_h`b^Zggu_ aZ[he_\Zgby <gZqZe_ bf_xl f_klh kljZo b lj_\h]Z

dhlhju_gZklmiZxl\ke_^ aZi_jbh^hfikboheh]bq_kdbo gZjmr_gbc\ jb^_ hljbpZgby

lZdbo dZd ijhlb\h^_ckl\b_ \uq_jdb\Zgb_ \jZ`^_[ghklv b qj_af_jgZy aZ\bkbfhklv

I_jkhgZe jZ[hlZxsbc \ h`h]h\uo HBL hlf_qZ_l ikboheh]bq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby

\hagbdZxsb_ ijb hkljuo g_h`b^Zgguo aZ[he_\Zgby b iha`_ ^_ij_kkbx ]hj_ b

hlqm`^_gb_ k\yaZggu_ k mjh^kl\hf b h[_ah[jZ`b\Zgb_f I_jkhgZe \ objmj]bq_kdbo

HBL gZ[ex^_l aZ l_f dZd [hevgu_ \hkklZgZ\eb\Zxlky ihke_ ly`_euo hi_jZpbc

i_j_g_ky^_ahjb_glbjh\dmijb^_ebjbb^_ij_kkbxdhlhju_fh`ghaZjZg__ij_^\b^_lv

b\dhgp_dhgph\\ujZ[Zlu\Zyj_ZdpbbZ^ZilZpbb

E_q_gb_ ikboheh]bq_kdbo gZjmr_gbc \ HBL lj_[m_l ijbklZevgh]h \gbfZgby d

lhfm dZdhc ^bZ]gha [m^_l ihklZ\e_g [hevghfm bd ih^jh[ghklyf mkeh\bc `bagb

[hevgh]hZ lZd`_d hdjm`Zxsbf_]hex^yf<jZqmihfh]Z_le_qblv[hevgh]hagZgb_h

_]h ij_fhj[b^guo hkh[_gghklyo oZjZdl_jZ ihkdhevdm hgb \ebyxl gZ aZ[he_\Zgb_ b

[he_agv GZb[he__ lbibqghc j_Zdpb_c gZ hkljh_ khfZlbq_kdh_ aZ[he_\Zgb_ y\eyxlky

rhd kljZo b lj_\h]Z Wlb j_Zdpbb m fgh]bo mf_gvrZxlky _keb i_jkhgZe kmf__l

\ha^_ckl\h\ZlvgZgbok`ZlufZ\lhjbl_lgufb ihke_^h\Zl_evgufjZam[_`^_gb_f?keb

wlh]h g_^hklZlhqgh ijbf_gyxlky [_gah^bZa_ibgu ij_^ihqlbl_evgh k djZldhkjhqguf

i_jbh^hf ^_ckl\by bo gZ^h ijbf_gylv k hklhjh`ghklvx Dh]^Z kljZo ijb\h^bl d

iZgbq_kdbf j_Zdpbyf b ikbohlbq_kdhc ihl_j_ dhgljhey fh`gh gZagZqZlv kbevgu_

[ukljh^_ckl\mxsb_Zglbikbohlbq_kdb_ij_iZjZlugZijbf_j]Zehi_jb^he

D hljbpZgbx b koh^ghfm k gbf ih\_^_gbx ©gZi_j_dhjª \jZ`^_[ghklb

aZ\bkbfhklbb dZijbaghklbke_^m_lih^oh^blvbg^b\b^mZevghhkgh\u\ZykvgZagZgbbh

[hevghf bh ijbqbgZo _]h j_Zdpbb Ih hlghr_gbx d ^Zgghfm \hijhkm fh`gh

jZkkfhlj_lv g_kdhevdh hkgh\guo imgdlh\ Ijyfh_ h[s_gb_ k [hevguf ijb dhlhjhf

\hafh`ghh[km`^_gb__]hhsms_gbcgh[_agZ`bfZqZklhh]jZgbqb\Z_lg_ijZ\bevgh_

ih\_^_gb_qlhiha\hey_lba[_`Zlvijyfh]h\ha^_ckl\bygZg_]hEmqr_\k_]hiha\heblv

[hevghfm^_eZlv\k_qlhhgohq_l\ ij_^_eZo\ dhlhjuohgfh`_ldhgljhebjh\Zlvk_[y

Iha\heyy _fm kZfhfm ^_eZlv \u[hj \ ijhkluo kemqZyo fh`gh kihkh[kl\h\Zlv

khojZg_gbx bf dhgljhey gZ^ kh[hc b\ [m^ms_f kihdhckl\bx [hevgh]h qlh ]hjZa^h

\Z`g__ q_f ijZ\bevghklv _]h \u[hjZ ;hevgu_ hsmsZxl kbf\hebq_kdbc kfuke

ijh]j_kkZ GZijbf_j iha\he_gb_ [hevghfm \u[bjZlv kihkh[ e_q_gby k\hbo [he_\uo

hsms_gbc mjh\_gv hk\_s_gby beb f_klh ]^_ _fm kb^_lv ^_ckl\m_l mkihdZb\Zxs_ b

jZkkeZ[eyxs_ >Z`_ _keb ih\_^_gb_ \jZ`^_[gh_ aZ\bkbfh_ beb k iZgbdhc fh`gh

iha\heblv [hevguf ijh y\blv _]h dhg_qgh m^_j`b\Zy bo \ hij_^_e_gguo jZfdZo wlh

^_ckl\m_l gZ gbo mkihdZb\Zxs_ LZdbf h[jZahf [hevghfm [_a aZ\bkbfhklb fh`gh

jZaj_rblvihoh^blv\hdjm]

ghg_^Ze_dh[hevghfmk aZ\bkbfhklvxfh`ghjZaj_rblvk^_eZlvqlhgb[m^vgZijbf_j

gZ`Zlv gZ dghidm \uah\Z Z [hevghfm k \jZ`^_[ghklvx²ihkihjblv hq_fgb[m^v b

\klmiblv\ ^bkdmkkbxghdhg_qghg_^Z\Zy_fmkh\_jrZlvdZdb_eb[hjZajmrbl_evgu_

^_ckl\by

<k_ HBL \ hkgh\ghf bf_xl ^_eh k lj_\h]hc ^_ij_kkb_c b ^_ebjb_f < HBL

bkiulu\Zxl agZqbl_evguc klj_kk dZd [hevgu_ lZd b i_jkhgZe ihkdhevdm hgb

klZedb\Zxlky kh agZqbl_evgufb ljm^ghklyfb B [hevgu_ b i_jkhgZe qZklh y\eyxlky

k\b^_l_eyfb bgnZjdlZ fbhdZj^Z kf_jlb b nbabq_kdbo g_kqZklbc \ j_amevlZl_ q_]h

Z\lhfZlbq_kdb gZklmiZ_l Zdlb\Zpby b bf__l f_klh ikboheh]bq_kdZy aZsblZ K_klju

HBLbbo[hevgu_hsmsZxl\ukhdbcmjh\_gvlj_\h]b^_ij_kkbbi_j_\hjhl\^mr_b

qm\kl\h©k]hjZgbyª

Fgh]h\gbfZgbyhkh[_ggh\ ebl_jZlm j_ihk\ys_gghcHBLm^_ey_lkyijh[e_fZf

klj_kkZAgZqbl_evghf_gvr_\gbfZgbym^_ey_lkyh[kem`b\Zgbx[hevgh]h^hfZrgbfb

hkh[_ggh _keb ^_eh dZkZ_lky objmj]bb <k_ ebpZ jZ[hlZxsb_ \ HBL ^he`gu mf_lv

kijZ\eylvkykh k\hbfbqm\kl\Zfbb wfhpbyfbijb gZ[ex^_gbb aZ wdkljZhj^bgZjgufb

y\e_gbyfbb nbabq_kdbfbgZjmr_gbyfbJ_]meyjgu_]jmiiuih^^_j`db\ dhlhjuowlb

ebpZfh]mlh[km`^Zlvk\hbhsms_gby\Z`gu^eyi_jkhgZeZHBLbebpba^hfZrg_]h

hdjm`_gby [hevgh]h AZ^ZqZ wlbo ]jmii²aZsblblv i_jkhgZe hl aZ[he_\Zgby

ikbobq_kdbfb [he_agyfb dhlhju_ fh]ml jZa\blvky [_a aZsblu b ij_^mij_^blv

\hagbdgh\_gb_m i_jkhgZeZ ihl_jb kihkh[ghklb dhgp_gljbjh\Zlv \gbfZgb_ kgb`_gb_

wg_j]bbb ikbohfhlhjghcaZlhjfh`_gghklbqlh[m^_lf_rZlvmoh^maZ[hevgufb

Mqj_`^_gby\ dhlhjuoijh\h^blky]_fh^bZebaij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hcdhfie_dkgu_

kh\j_f_ggu_f_^bpbgkdb_mqj_`^_gby;hevgu_[hjxlkyk ^ebl_evghcbklhsZxs_cb

\uau\Zxs_c agZqbl_evgu_ h]jZgbq_gby [he_agvx hgb iheghklvx aZ\bkyl hl

fgh`_kl\_gguo kem`[ hkms_kl\eyxsbo moh^ aZ gbfb ihevamxsboky ki_pbZevghc

ZiiZjZlmjhcdhgljhebjmxsbobokZfhqm\kl\b_>bZebaijh\h^blky  jZaZ\g_^_exb

aZgbfZ_l ² qqlhkbevghgZjmrZ_lh[jZa`bagbdhlhjuchgb\_eb^h[he_agb

<wlhfdhgl_dkl_hkgh\gZy[hjv[Zdhlhjmx\_^ml[hevgu_²[hjv[Zk [he_agvx

G_ba[_`ghijbwlhfqlhhgbgZqbgZxlaZ\bk_lvhl^jm]boaZ\bkbfhklvdhlhjmxhgb

\hafh`gh g_ bkiulu\Zebk ^_lkl\ZBgh]^Z[hevgu_[hjxlkyaZ k\hx g_aZ\bkbfhklv

ih^\_j]Zxlky j_]j_kkm d ^_lkdhfm i_jbh^m h[gZjm`b\Zxl hljbpZgb_ ^_ckl\my

gZi_j_dhj j_dhf_g^Zpbyf \jZqZ gZjmrZy ^b_lm beb ijhimkdZy k_Zgku ^bZebaZ

\uy\eyxl]g_\ijhlb\i_jkhgZeZkihjylbebh[\bgyxl bebklZgh\ylkybgnZglbevgufb

gh\ [hevrbgkl\_kemqZ_\\_^mlk_[y^hklhcghb fm`_kl\_gghEbqghklgu_hkh[_gghklb

[hevgh]hb_]hijhreuchiul\ hlghr_gbb^Zggh]hbebij_^r_kl\mxsboojhgbq_kdbo

aZ[he_\Zgbc ² \hl qlh hij_^_ey_lj_Zdpbx[hevgh]hgZ ^bZeba ;hevgu_ m dhlhjuo

[ueh \j_fy hlj_Z]bjh\Zlv b Z^Zilbjh\Zlvky d k\h_fm ojhgbq_kdhfm aZ[he_\Zgbx

ihq_qghc g_^hklZlhqghklb klZedb\Zxlky k f_gvrbf qbkehf gh\uo ikboheh]bq_kdbo

ijh[e_f Z^ZilZpbb q_f l_ ^ey dhlhjuo ihq_qgZy g_^hklZlhqghklv b aZ\bkbfhklv hl

ZiiZjZlh\y\eyxlkygh\ufbOhlyjhevkhpbZevguonZdlhjh\hk\_s_gZfZeh\ebygb_

dmevlmjguonZdlhjh\gZj_ZdpbxgZ^bZebab hlghr_gb_d mqj_`^_gbxijh\h^ys_fm

^bZeba hq_gv \Z`gZ Mqj_`^_gby \ dhlhjuo qm\kl\m_lky l\_j^Zy jmdZ \_^ml

ihke_^h\Zl_evgmxjZ[hlmk [hevgufbbf_xlijh\_j_ggu_kihkh[u^eyghjfZebaZpbb

gZjmr_gbyih\_^_gbyb hdZau\ZxlZ^_d\Zlgmxikboheh]bq_kdmxih^^_j`dmi_jkhgZem

y\eyxlky gZbemqrbfb Hkeh`g_gby \hagbdZxsb_ ijb ^bZeba_ fh]ml \dexqZlv

ikbobZljbq_kdb_ijh[e_fulZdb_dZd^_ij_kkbylZd`_g_j_^dbkmbpb^uK_dkmZevgu_

ijh[e_fu dhlhju_ ijb wlhf \hagbdZxl fh]ml ghkblv g_\jh]_giuc beb ikboh]_gguc

oZjZdl_jbeb`_[ulvk\yaZguk ^bknmgdpb_ciheh\uo`_e_ab Zljhnb_cybq_d

>_f_gpby ijb ^ bZeba_ gZ[ex^Z_lky j_^dh hgZ aZdexqZ_lky \ ihl_j_ iZfylb

^_ahjb_glbjh\d_ ^bklhgbb b ijbiZ^dZo HgZ gZ[ex^Z_lky m [hevguo dhlhju_

gZoh^ylkygZ^bZeba_\ l_q_gb_fgh]boe_lIjbqbgZ__ g_ba\_klgZ

Ikboheh]bq_kdh_e_q_gb_[hevguok ^bZebahfkhklhblba^\modhfihg_glh\<h

i_j\uolsZl_evgZyih^]hlh\dZd ^bZebam\dexqZyjZ[hlmihZ^ZilZpbbd ojhgbq_kdhfm

aZ[he_\Zgbx y\ey_lky hq_gv \Z`ghc hkh[_ggh ^ey [hjv[u k hljbpZgb_f b

g_j_Zebklbq_kdbfb h`b^Zgbyfb <k_ [hevgu_ dhlhjuf ij_^klhbl ^bZeba ^he`gu

ih^\_j]gmlvky ikbohkhpbZevghfm h[ke_^h\Zgbx <h\lhjuo ijb ^bZeba_ g_h[oh^bfh

dhgljhebjh\Zlv Z^ZilZpbx dhlhjZy g_ ^he`gZ hkgh\u\Zlvky gZ aZ\bkbfhklb beb

\oh`^_gbb \ jhev [hevgh]h I_jkhgZe ^he`_g mf_lv jZkihagZlv ^_ij_kkbx b

k_dkmZevgu_ ijh[e_fu Ohjhrbc wnn_dl hdZau\Z_l ]jmiih\Zy ih^^_j`dZ ]jmiiu

kZfhihfhsbkem`Zl^ey\hkklZgh\e_gbyg_h[oh^bfuokhpbZevguok\ya_ckZfhhp_gdbb

kZfhdhgljheyDh]^Zwlhg_h[oh^bfhgZagZqZxlljbpbdebq_kdb_Zglb^_ij_kkZglubeb

n_ghlbZabgu GZbemqrbc wnn_dl hdZau\Z_l ikbobZljbq_kdZy kem`[Z _keb hgZ

^_ckl\m_l[ukljhb gZijZ\e_gZgZ[hjv[mk hkgh\gufbgZjmr_gbyfb

Ijbf_g_gb_^bZebaZ^hfZhdZau\Z_l[hevrmxihfhsv;hevgufe_]q_gZoh^blvky

^hfZ\_klbijb\uqguch[jZa`bagbb qm\kl\h\Zlvk_[yf_g__aZ\bkbfufbhl^jm]bo

Objmj]bq_kdb_ [hevgu_

G_dhlhju_ objmj]b iheZ]Zxl qlh [hevgu_ dhlhju_

^mfZxlqlh hgbmfjmlgZhi_jZpbb^_ckl\bl_evghmfbjZxl K_cqZk wlh ml\_j`^_gb_

dZ`_lky f_g__ km_\_jguf q_f jZg__ .LPSEHOH b khZ\l bkke_^h\Zeb ij_fhj[b^gmx

ikboheh]bq_kdmxZ^ZilZpbx[hevguoih^\_j]rbokyobjmj]bq_kdbf\f_rZl_evkl\Zfb

ihdZaZebqlhl_[hevgu_m dhlhjuobf_eZkvy\gZy^_ij_kkbybeblj_\h]Zg_kfhljygZ

lhqlhhgbwlhhljbpZeb

h[gZjm`b\Zeb[he__\ukhdbcjbkdaZ[he_\Z_fhklbb kf_jlghklbq_fl_dhlhju_bf_y

lZdmx`_lj_\h]mbeb^_ij_kkbxkihkh[gu[ueb\ujZablvwlbijhy\e_gby?s_em qr_

qlh[u m [hevgh]h [ueh iheh`bl_evgh_ hlghr_gb_ d hi_jZpbb NZdlhjZfb

kihkh[kl\mxsbfb ohjhr_fm bkoh^m y\eyxlky kh]eZkb_ [hevgh]h hkgh\Zggh_ gZ _]h

agZgbyoh[hi_jZpbbihgbfZgb_[hevguflh]hqlh_fmij_^klhblbkiulZlvb i_j_`blv

]^_hg[m^_lgZoh^blvkygZijbf_jihe_aghihdZaZlv[hevghfm]^_jZkiheh`_gZiZeZlZ

j_ZgbfZpbb dZdh_ gZjmr_gb_ nmgdpbc fh`_l bf_lv f_klh dZdb_ ljm[hqdb [m^ml

ijbdj_ie_gub dZd kijZ\blvky k h`b^Z_fhc [hevx < kemqZyo \ dhlhjuo [hevgu_ g_

kfh]ml]h\hjblvbeb\b^_lvhq_gvihe_aghh[tykgblvdZdfh`ghdhfi_gkbjh\Zlv

wlh ?keb h`b^Zxlky lZdb_ khklhygby dZd kimlZgghklv ^_ebjbc beb [hev bo gZ^h

h[km^blvk [hevgufaZjZg__qlh[uba[_`Zlv\g_aZigh]h^ey[hevgh]hihy\e_gbybob

\hkijbylbybodZdhkeh`g_gbybebhiZkghklbGZebqb_dhgkljmdlb\ghcih^^_j`dbkh

klhjhguqe_gh\k_fvbhdZau\Z_l[hevrmxihfhsvb i_j_^bihke_hi_jZpbb

IKBOHL?J:IBY;HEVGUOK KHF:LBQ?KDBFBA:;HE?<:GBYFB

<b^ ba[jZgghc l_jZibb aZ\bkbl hl djZldhkjhqguo b ^he]h\j_f_gguo

ihlj_[ghkl_c [hevgh]h _]h aZ[he_\Zgby j_Zdpb_c gZ wlh aZ[he_\Zgb_ b

ij_^ijbgbfZ_fh]h f_^bpbgkdh]h \f_rZl_evkl\Z H^gZdh \jZq dhgkmevlZlb\ghc

ikbobZljbb ijh\h^bl e_q_gb_ \mkeh\byo ^_nbpblZ \j_f_gb hkgh\u\Zykv gZ

djblbq_kdboiZjZf_ljZo\f_rZl_evkl\Z;hevgu_dhlhjufg_h[oh^bfZ^he]h\j_f_ggZy

l_jZiby gZijZ\eyxlky d ^jm]bf ikbohl_jZi_\lZf GZb[he__ qZklh ki_pbZebklu DI

ijbf_gyxl djZldhkjhqguc ^bgZfbq_kdbc lbi l_jZibb WlZ f_lh^bdZ \ hkgh\ghf

ih^^_j`b\ZxsZyknhdmkbjh\ZggZy gZhij_^_e_gbbkljZl_]bb^eyjZaj_r_gby j_Zevguo

ijh[e_f b h[_ki_q_gbb khpbZevghc ih^^_j`db < [hevrbgkl\_ kemqZ_\ ih ih\h^m

dhlhjuoh[jZsZxlkyd dhgkmevlZglmDIgbdZdhcikbohl_jZibb g_ ijh\h^blkyihke_

lh]h dZd ikbobZlj k^_eZ_l j _dhf_g^Zpbb hgb h[km`^Zxlky \k_fb \jZqZfb dhlhju_

ijbgbfZxl mqZklb_ \ e_q_gbb ^Zggh]h [hevgh]h M g_dhlhjuo [hevguo gZklmiZ_l

memqr_gb_\ j_amevlZl_ih\_^_gq_kdhcl_jZibbb ]bighaZ

;hevgu_ k ojhgbq_kdbfb nbabq_kdbfb aZ[he_\Zgbyfb fh]ml bkiulu\Zlv

h[e_]q_gb_ \ j_amevlZl_ ijbf_g_gby ^he]h\j_f_gghc ikbohZgZeblbq_kdb

hjb_glbjh\Zgghcikbohl_jZibbijbijbf_g_gbbjy^Zkihkh[h\hgZh[_ki_qb\Z_lk\yav

k ikbobZljhfk dhlhjuf[hevghcfh`_lh[km`^ZlvwfhpbhgZevgu_j_ZdpbbgZ[he_agv

GZ^h bkke_^h\Zlv aZsblgu_ f_oZgbafu dhlhju_ jZa\b\Zxlky \hl\_l gZ ojhgbq_kdh_

aZ[he_\Zgb_ gZijbf_j hljbpZgb_ y\ey_lky ihe_aguf f_oZgbafhf gh _keb hgh

qj_af_jgh [hevghc fh`_l aZ[ulv ijbclb gZ ke_^mxsmx \klj_qm beb ijbgylv

ijhibkZggh_e_dZjkl\h

Bkke_^h\Zgby ihdZaZeb qlh [hevgu_ k ojhgbq_kdhc [hevx h[mkeh\e_gghc

nbabq_kdbf aZ[he_\Zgb_f qm\kl\mxl k_[y emqr_ ih^ \ebygb_f ikbohl_jZibb b

ih\_^_gq_kdhc l_jZibb f_gvr_ ihevamxlky ZgZev]_lbdZfb y\eyxlky [he__

ih^\b`gufbb ^_eZxl[hevr_ihiulhdih^^_j`b\Zlvlhlmjh\_gv`bagbdhlhjuchgb

\_eb^h[he_agbq_fl_ojhgbq_kdb_[hevgu_dhlhju_g_ihemqZxll_jZibb

=eZ\Z 

J:KKLJHCKL<:EBQGHKLB

<<?>?GB?

;hevgu_ k jZkkljhckl\Zfb ebqghklb qZklh ihiZ^Zxl d ikbobZljm hgb

ijbgZ^e_`Zld qbkeml_o[hevguodhlhjuohkh[_gghljm^ghe_qblvKh]eZkgh '60,,,

5 m lZdbo[hevguobf_xlf_klh]em[hdhmdhj_gb\rb_kyg_]b[db_^_aZ^ZilZpbhggu_

iZll_jgudZd\ hlghr_gbblZdb\\hkijbylbbhdjm`Zxs_ch[klZgh\dbb kZfbok_[y

JZkkljhckl\Z ebqghklb klZgh\ylky hlq_leb\ufb d ih^jhkldh\hfm \hajZklm beb

jZg__ b ijh^he`Zxlky \kx `bagv L_ dlh kljZ^Zxl jZkkljhckl\Zfb ebqghklb

g_ba[_`gh klZedb\Zxlky k ljm ^ghklyfb \ `bagb bex[\b ?keb \jZq \ khklhygbb

ijh[blvky kd\hav aZsblgmx [jhgx ebqghklgh]h jZkkljhckl\Z hg hq_gv qZklh

h[gZjm`b\Z_llj_\h]bb ^_ij_kkbx;hevgu_k wlbfbjZkkljhckl\Zfbmihjghg_\b^yl

k_[ylZdbfbdZdbo\b^yl^jm]b_bmgbog_lkhqm\kl\byd ^jm]bf< j_amevlZl_wlh]hbo

ih\_^_gb_hq_gvjZa^jZ`Z_lhdjm`ZxsboLZdbfh[jZahf^eyebqghklguojZkkljhckl\

oZjZdl_jgZ l_g^_gpby kha^Z\Zlv ihjhqguc djm] \ dhlhjhf m`_ g_ijhqgu_

bgl_ji_jkhgZevgu_ k\yab klZgh\ylky _s_ om`_ baaZ nhjfu Z^ZilZpbb k\hckl\_gghc

wlbfebpZf<p_ehfihgylvex^_ck ebqghklgufbjZkkljhckl\Zfbg_e_]dhGZijhlb\

g_\jhlbdb kZfb hkhagZxl k\hb gZjmr_gby Ih ki_pbZevghc l_jfbgheh]bb

g_\jhlbq_kdb_ kbfilhfu y\eyxlky ZmlhieZklbq_kdbfb l _ ijhp_kk Z^ZilZpbb

ijhy\e_gbyw]h^bklhgbbl_hgbg_ijb_fe_fu^eykZfhcebqghklbH^gZdhex^bk

ebqghklgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb \ agZqbl_evgh [hevr_c kl_i_gb kdehggu d hldZam hl

ikbobZljbq_kdhc ihfhsb bd hljbpZgbx gZ[ex^Zxsboky m gbo gZjmr_gbc Bo

gZjmr_gby y\eyxlky ZeehieZklbq_kdbfb hlghkylky d Z^ZilZpbb aZ kq_l baf_g_gby

\g_rg_]h hdjm`_gby bw]hkbglhgbq_kdbfb ijb_fe_fufb ^ey w]h hgb g_

bkiulu\Zxllj_\h]bihih\h^mk\h_]h^_aZ^Zilb\gh]hih\_^_gby

IhkdhevdmebpZk jZkkljhckl\ZfbebqghklbdZdijZ\behg_bkiulu\Zxl[hebih

ih\h^mlh]hqlhh[s_kl\h\hkijbgbfZ_lbodZdebpk k_jv_agufbgZjmr_gbyfbqZklh

kqblZ_lkyqlhmgbog_lfhlb\Zpbbd e_q_gbxbbog_evay\ue_qblvLZdb_hkh[_gghklb

g_fh]mlkihkh[kl\h\Zlvlhfmqlh[uki_pbZebkluihikbobq_kdhfma^hjh\vxaZgyebkv

wlbfb[hevgufbb fgh]b_\jZqbhldZau\ZxlkyjZ[hlZlvk gbfb

DE:KKBNBD:PBY

'60,,,5 ih^jZa^_ey_ljZkkljhckl\ZebqghklbgZljbdeZkkZdeZkl_jZI_j\uc

deZkk : \dexqZ_l iZjZghb^gu_ rbahb^gu_ b rbahlbiZevgu_ ebqghklgu_

jZkkljhckl\Z Km[t_dlu k wlbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb qZklh dZ`mlky kljZggufb b

wdkp_gljbqgufb <lhjhc deZkl_j ; \dexqZ_l bkl_jbq_kdb_ gZjpbkkbq_kdb_

ZglbkhpbZevgu_ bih]jZgbqgu_ ebqghklgu_ jZkkljhckl\Z Km[t_dlu k wlbfb

jZkkljhckl\Zfb qZklh ij hba\h^yl \i_qZle_gb_ l_ZljZevguo wfhpbhgZevguo b

kmfZk[jh^guo <lhjhc deZkl_j aZ bkdexq_gb_f \hafh`ghih]jZgbqguo jZkkljhckl\

fh`_l[ulvhoZjZdl_jbah\Zgdhgp_ipb_ch[wdkljZ\_jkbbDZjeZXg]ZLj_lbcdeZkl_j

< \dexqZ_l ebqghklgu_ jZkkljhckl\Z \\b^_ ba[_]Zgby aZ\bkbfhklb Z lZd`_

h[k_kkb\ghdhfimevkb\gu_b iZkkb\ghZ]j_kkb\gu_EbpZkwlbfbjZkkljhckl\ZfbqZklh

[u\Zxllj_\h`gufbb bkiulu\ZxlkljZoLj_lbcdeZkl_jfh`_l[ulvhoZjZdl_jbah\Zg

hkh[_gghklvxdhlhjmxXg]gZa\Zebgljh\_jkb_c

Kh]eZkgh '60,,,5 m fgh]bo ebp h[gZjm`b\Zxlky q_jlu dhlhju_ g_evay

hlg_klblhevdh d h^ghfm hij_^_e_gghfm jZkkljhckl\m b _keb m [hevgh]h hlf_qZxlky

jZkkljhckl\Z hl\_qZxsb_ djbl_jbyf [he__ q_f h^gh]h jZkkljhckl\Z ke_^m_l

h[hagZqZlvdZ`^h_bagbo

WLBHEH=BY

=?G?LBQ?KDB?N:DLHJU

GZb[he__m[_^bl_evgufk\b^_l_evkl\hflh]hqlh\ ]_g_aebqghklguojZkkljhckl\

\ghkyl\deZ^]_g_lbq_kdb_nZdlhjuy\eyxlkybkke_^h\Zgbyikbobq_kdh]hkhklhygbym

 iZj Zf_jbdZgkdbo [ebag_ph\ Kj_^b fhghab]hlguo [ebag_ph\ dhgdhj^Zglghklv

^ey ebqghklguo jZkkljhckl\ [ueZ \ g_kdhevdh jZa \ur_ q_f kj_^b ^bab]hlguo

[ebag_ph\

AZ[he_\Zgby deZkl_jZ : iZjZghb^gu_ rbahb^gu_ b rbahlbiZevgu_ gZb[he__

qZklh\klj_qZxlkym [bheh]bq_kdbojh^kl\_ggbdh\[hevguorbahnj_gb_cAgZqbl_evgh

[hevr__ qbkeh jh^kl\_ggbdh\ k rbahlbiZevgufb ebqghklgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb

h[gZjm`_gh \ k_f_cghf ZgZfg_a_ ebp kljZ^Zxsbo rbahnj_gb_c q_f kj_^b

dhgljhevguo ]jmii F_gvr_ dhjj_eypbc h[gZjm`b\Z_lky f_`^m iZjZghb^gufb b

rbahb^gufbebqgufbjZkkljhckl\Zfbb rbahnj_gb_c

AZ[he_\Zgby deZkl_jZ ; bkl_jbq_kdb_ gZjpbkkbq_kdb_ ZglbkhpbZevgu_ b

ih]jZgbqgu_h[gZjm`b\Zxl]_g_lbq_kdmxij_^jZkiheh`_gghklv

d ZglbkhpbZevgufjZkkljhckl\Zfebqghklbdhlhju_k\yaZgulZd`_k Zedh]hebafhf<

k_fvyo [hevguo k ih]jZgbqgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb qZs_ h[gZjm`b\Z_lky ^_ij_kkby

Bf__lky lZd`_ kbevgZy k\yav f_`^m bkl_jbq_kdbf ebqghklguf jZkkljhckl\hf b

jZkkljhckl\hf\\b^_khfZlbaZpbbkbg^jhf;jbd_ijbwlhfm [hevguok dZ`^uf ba

jZkkljhckl\bf__lf_klhi_j_djulb_kbfilhfh\

M i h]jZgbqguo[hevguo[hevr__qbkehjh^kl\_ggbdh\q_fm dhgljhevguo]jmii

kljZ^Z_ljZkkljhckl\ZfbgZkljh_gbyijbq_fih]jZgbqgu_jZkkljhckl\Zb jZkkljhckl\Z

gZkljh_gbyqZklhkhkms_kl\mxl

JZkkljhckl\Z deZkl_jZ < h[k_kkb\ghdhfimevkb\gu_ iZkkb\ghZ]j_kkb\gu_

aZ\bkbfhklv b ba[_]Zgb_ lZd`_ fh]ml bf_lv ]_g_lbq_kdmx hkgh\m H[k_kkb\gh

dhfimevkb\gu_ hkh[_gghklb [he__ qZklh gZ[ex^Zxlky m fhghab]hlguo q_f m

^bab]hlguo[ebag_ph\m h[k_kkb\ghdhfimevkb\guoebqghkl_c h[gZjm`b\Z_lkylZd`_

[hevr__ qbkeh ijbagZdh\ k\yaZgguo k ^_ij_kkb\gufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb gZijbf_j

mdhjhq_gb_ eZl_glghklb N;K hldehg_gby ih l_klm ih^Z\e_gby ^_dkZf_lZahgZ

Ebqghklbk ih\_^_gb_fba[_]ZgbyqZklhh[gZjm`b\Zxl\ukhdbcmjh\_gvlj_\h`ghklb

HKH;?GGHKLBL?FI?J:F?GL:O:J:DL?J:

Hkh[_gghklb l_fi_jZf_glZ \ujbkh\u\Zxlky \ ^_lkl\_ \ ^Zevg_cr_f hgb fh]ml

[ulvkhhlg_k_guk jZkkljhckl\ZfbebqghklbjZa\b\Zxsbfbky\ ih^jhkldh\hfi_jbh^_

GZijbf_j ^_lb dhlhju_ ih k\h_fm oZjZdl_jm y\eyxlky [hyaeb\ufb fh]ml aZl_f

h[gZjm`b\Zlvih\_^_gb_ba[_]Zgby

>bknmgdpby p_gljZevghc g_j\ghc kbkl_fu m ^_l_c k\yaZggZy k g_[hevrbfb

gZjmr_gbyfbhj]Zgbq_kdh]hoZjZdl_jZgZb[he__qZklhgZ[ex^Z_lkym ZglbkhpbZevguo

b ih]jZgbqguoebqghkl_c>_lbk fbgbfZevgufbfha]h\ufbgZjmr_gbyfbkhklZ\eyxl

]jmiimjbkdZ \ hlghr_gbb jZa\blbyjZkkljhckl\ ebqghklb hkh[_ggh ZglbkhpbZevgh]h

lbiZ

;BHOBFBQ?KDB?BKKE?>H<:GBY

=hjfhgu

Mebp k bfimevkb\gufb q_jlZfb qZklh h[gZjm`b\Z_lky ih\ur_gb_

mjh\g_c l_klhkl_jhgZ wkljZ^bheZ b wkljhgZ M ijbfZlh\ Zg^jh]_gu ih\urZxl

\hafh`ghklv Z]j_kkb\gh]h b k_dkmZevgh]h ih\_^_gby h^gZdh jhev l_klhkl_jhgZ

Z]j_kkb\ghf ih\_^_gbb m q_eh\_dZ g_ykgZ L_kl ih^Z\e_gby ^_dkZf_lZahgZ LI> m

g_dhlhjuo ih]jZgbqguo [hevguo ^_ij_kkb\gufb gZjmr_gbyfb h[gZjm`b\Ze

iZlheh]bq_kdb_hldehg_gby

Ljhf[hpblZjgZy fhghZfbghhdkb^ZaZ

 GbadZy ljhf[hpblZjgZy

fhghZfbghhdkb^ZaZ F:H dhjj_ebjm_l k Zdlb\ghklvx b khpbZ[_evghklvx m h[_avyg

Hlf_qZ_lkyqlhklm^_gluk gbadbfmjh\g_fF:Hijh\h^yl[hevr_\j_f_gbaZgbfZykv

h[s_kl\_gghc^_yl_evghklvxq_fklm^_gluk \ukhdbfmjh\g_fF:H

K]eZ`_gghklvke_^ysbo^\b`_gbc]eZaKK>=K]eZ`_ggu_ke_^ysb_^\b`_gby

]eZa hlf_qZxlky mebp k q_jlZfb bgljh\_jkbb gbadhc kZfhhp_gdhc aZfdgmlhklvx b

rbahlbiZevgufbhkh[_gghklyfbebqghklbWlb^\b`_gbykZddZ^bq_kdb_l_lheqdZfb

Wlb j_amevlZlu g_ bf_xl debgbq_kdh]h ijbf_g_gby gh mdZau\Zxl gZ jhev

gZke_^kl\_gghklb

G_cjhljZgkfbll_ju

Wg^hjnbgu hdZau\Zxl \ha^_ckl\b_ koh^gh_ k

wg^h]_ggufb fhjnbgZfb \dexqZy ZgZe]_abx b ih^Z\e_gb_ j_Zdpbb Zdlb\Zpbb

<ukhdbc mjh\_gv wg^h]_gguo wg^hjnbgh\ qZklh \klj_qZ_lky m ne_]fZlbq_kdbo

iZkkb\guokm[t_dlh\KhihklZ\e_gb_ebqghklguohkh[_gghkl_cb ^hnZfbg_j]bq_kdbob

k_jhlhgbg_j]bq_kdbo kbkl_f ihdZaZeh qlh wlb kbkl_fu hdZau\Zxl Zdlb\bjmxs__

\ebygb_ gZ ^_yl_evghklv Mjh\_gv ]b^jhdkbbg^heh\hc dbkehlu f_lZ[heblZ

k_jhlhgbgZ gbadbc mebp dhlhju_ kh\_jrZxl kmbpb^Zevgu_ ihiuldb Z lZd`_ m

Z]j_kkb\guob bfimevkb\guoebqghkl_c