Indian National Committee on Large Dams. Design and Construction Features of Selected Dams in India

E!"1.9$'f'r

LLltl'252m

Air

vent

.E*.9!:gtto-

-h*L

lli'

.9.60n$}S5n

ll

47O.lO.!

FIGURE

7

:

Cross-section

of

power

dam.

F,

R.t.

I

R-L.5Q'52rn-

R1.56.98n

R.L.5l'8On

RL.5O'27r

ted.

Ilowever'

some

additions

were

done

in

the

section

of left

transition

dam.

8.2

Outlets

Two-irrigatio.n

outlets

and,4

by-pass

outlets

are

provided

at

Ukai.

(1.)

Irrigation

outrers

(ri.R.)

:

Two

irrigation

outrets

are

located

on

left

bank'of

the

da;

;dl;;ii

to

the

re

masonry

non-overflow

vith

sill

level

7g.76

m to

F.R.L.

and

L.W.L.

are

num

discharge

of

29.715

:

The

size

of each

con-

m.

Model

studies

were

I15

m

downstream

of

the

servrce

gate

to

withstand

negative

pressures

and

t.87n

--_+j

.l'99

tD

:ru.L.63.to

Drohoge

heoder

259

cavitation

damages

in

the

gate

slots

and

downstream

gates.

(2)

By-Pass

Outlets

: 4

I

provided

in

the

spillwarr

pjers

(Nos.

2,

3,'i-'iid

shown

in para

g.2.

Ti

The

size

of

conduit

is

1.52

m

x

2.74

m

with

si'

level

at

EI'

7r-62g

-

-Dir;h"rge

capacity

of

each

out-

Iet

is

60.84

.u...r.ur

L.\i.L.-;T

Ri:

sr.;g;;.

Moder

studies

were

conducted

to

finalise

the

_conduit

proile,

shape

of

U.li-moutt,

diameter

of

air

vent,

etc.

Two,sets-of

-

gates

emergency

and

service

gates

are provided

in

th6

c(

Iength

of

3.20

m

19,

ploj.Jr-

th..

arms

frog

flowing

F.ffi."".

debris

as

thf

H.F.L."];

f

.iT,,i,"".oon.

the

,.

are

as

per

Table

VIII.l.

8.3

Gates

The

following

types

of

gates

Dam:

(t)

Radial

gates

(ii)

Fixed

wheel

gates

are

provided

at

ukai

Stoplog

gates

for

outletg

gn..r

penstocks

are

slidine

type

and

are

operarabre

in

uaiancJi'ioioirion

only.

UnIf

details

of

size,

hea.d,

etc.,

are

as

per

Table

(ffi)

Stoplog

gates.

Two gantry

cranes

were

provided.

nty

two

Nos.

of

15.545

m

x

260

,"ffiI:rtr:ry

cranes

:

Trvo

gantrv

cranes

are

provided

(r)

OO

T

gantry

crane

(ii)

20

T

gantry

crane

60 T

GeNrny

CneNe

A

gantry

crane

having.llfting

capaciry

of

60

T

is

provided

on

the

main

,iiff*uy

19

operate,

cresr

sroplogs,

and

pensrock

rtoptogr

rrrit"irui'Jtuo

be

used

for

handling

of penrio.[

gate

and

hoist

for

repairs.

20

T

GaNrny

CneNE

Another

eantrycrane

of

20

T

lifting

capacity

is

provided

on

ih"

ti.n.

o"ttiroi"op.rution

-of

irrigation

outlet

stoptogs

and

"u"ui

p.^?"r[

;;pj;g;:^i,

,uo

TABLE

VIN.I

Fixed

wheel

gates.

SI.

No.

Particulars

of

gates

Size

of

outlet

m

Max.

head

Size

of gate

mm

Nos.

provided

Hoist

Type

Capacity

ton

l.

Head

Regulator

(a)

Emergency

(b)

Service

By-pass

Outlet

(a)

Emergency

(b)

Service

River

Bed

Power

Penstock

gate

Canal

Penstock

2.134x

2.7

48

2.134x2.748

1.524x2.743

House

6.477

x7.989

3.96

x

2.050

2.940

x

2.850

2.940x2.942

2.950

x2.252

2.950x2.252

8.180

x6.645

4.807

x2.200

Rope

drum

Rope

drum

Rope

drum

Rope

drum

Hydraulic

Hoist

Hydraulic

Hoist

26.389

33.935

4r.697

22.876

2

4

30

50

)

3.

4.

30

60

9s

20

TABLE

VIII.2

Stop

logs.

sl.

No.

Particulars

Size

of

opening

m

Max.

head

m

Size

of stoplog

Nos.

m

Provided

Hoist

Type

Capacity

ton

1.

Crest

2.

Penstock

(Main)

B.P.O.

a

Canal

penstock

H.R.

15.54x

14.02

6.477

x7.989

1.524x

3.8

3.96x2.05

2.134x

3.6I6

15.54x

1.5

7.47

x 12.04

1.78

x 3.86

5.425

x

3.51

2.47

x3.7

2

sets

(10

units

in

each

set)

One

set

(4

units

in.

each

set)

One

unit

One

unit

One

Gantry

Crane

Gantry

Crane

Mono

rail

Gantry

Crane

Gantry

-

Crane

14.478

42.824

33.947

22.802

26.389

60

15

20

1

4.

).

l

ton:1.019

tonne

261

also

be

used

for

taking

out

and

handring

of

canar pen-

stock

gate

and

hoist

fdr

major

repairs---e

--

8.4

Power

House

Isolated

phase

bus

ducts

have

been

provided

to

connect

the

generator

terminals

with'

ihe

main

85

MvA,

ttl22}

kV

transfoirirr.

^_

One

U5:oqqkr

breaker

is

plovided

for

releasing

any

one

of

the

220

kV

breakers

bf

tfr.

iir*,

""fv

f;;

maintenance.

Purt

lll-Constraetion

9.

Contract-Administration

262

sections

in

the

gorge

portion

and

right

bank

earth

dam

which

were

rath-er

iomplicaiid-and

also

involved

some

uncertainties

were

tak-en

over

uv

-ir,.

t;;;rtrentar

execurion.

The

earthwork

so

raid

i.puii*i"iirri

i,

of

the

order

of

20.0

M

-cu

m.

The

-

earth

dam

reaches

in

various

saddres.

which

*"*-

t;i;i;.i;'irrripr.

were

off-loaded

to

nrivate

ug.n.i.rj

thu,

rendering

the

fleet

of

Goveinmenr

michinei

iffi

f;;";;;"tritical

works.

The

masoqry-cum-concrete

sections,

and

also

gates

and

their

intakes

were

tackled

thioush

con-

tracts.

9.1 Major

Contracts

The

contracts

for

the

following

works

were in

B_2

tender

form

as

each

one

of

thesE

was

Rs.

1.0

crore

or

more-

The

biggest

contract

awarded

was for

the

masonry-cum-concrete

in

the

spillway

portion.

tt

amounted

to

Rs.

78,867,724.

Name

of work

Agency

Actual

cost

Rs.

gress

and

also

effecting.

-

periodical

payments.

Of

course'

the

functional

dividions

-eani

for

design,

quality

control

and

store

procurement

were

not

saddred

yilh

.any

execution.

Th;

overail

aominisirative

and

technical

control

rested

Engineers

incharge

of

the

exercised

the

full

control

and implementation.

In

o

and

large

scale

needs

and

sanctions,

-

etc.,

the

high

level

control

board

was

constituted

and

was givln

vast

powers.

The

control

board

was

presided

over

by

the

Cirief MinisGi

'

9.3

Organisational

Set-up

of

Contractors

There

were

hardly

half

a dozen

or

so main

contrac-

tors who

carried.out

mostry

the

masonry

dam,

inta[e

and

gate

control

works.

Ho*ever,

th6re

*.ri

couple

lo.r

major

cont_racts

on

the

earthen

dam

section

arso.

The

^set-up

oJ

all

these

contractors

was

in

form

of

one

Resident

Engineer,

about

4

to

5

or

-*L

civir

Engineers

who

were

planning

and

,"pr*iiiog

the

works.

The

contractori

were-engaging

^*uil

-

"pir""

workers

under

them

for

expediting"

tf,.

-

*"it.

The

overall

control,

-however,

re-mained"

with

ttt"

"ontra"-

tors.

The

materials

and

construction

machin.ri*

were

ull

supplied

by

the

contractors

themserves-

uno

the

prec€

workers

used

to

be

paid

at

an

interval

of

a

week

on

rhe

basis.of

the

egantity

turned

out

Ouiin!

the

week.

The

Director

oT

the

iontractiog

ni*,

als6

remained

in

touch

with

the,

works

for

frosi-

of

the

working

season.

l.

Construction

of

Right

Bank

Saddle

Dam

2. Construction

of

Concrete

Diaphragm

Wall

3.

Construction

of

Right

Transition

Dam

4. Construction

of

Spillway

7.

Construction

of

H.R.

M/s

Tolani

23,511,296.00

Construction

Co.

Ltd.

M/s

Rodio

Hazarut

&

Co.

M/s

National

21,061,007.00

Engineering

Construction

Co.

Ltd.

M/s

Modern

78,867,724.00

Construction

Co. Pvt.

Ltd.

Visnagar

Sahakari

Mandali.

5' con:trujrion

or

M/s

r.s.p.

17,s62,s52.o0 .r"JTr;f,Xfi*ll,1,"Torj31'J,'illfr;T":,:T'rtT#:'J

Radial

Gates

rta-

hbour

camps

*iin

.uitJi"iir"

it^id]'for

tleir rations,

6.

9o-nstruction

of

M/s

Nationat

43,246,gs0.00

::c;,.IfJrJ*t

given

free

meaicat

ti'eaimini

ui--tiJ

Left

Transition

and

Engg.

Constn.

rower.Lram

Pvt.

Ltd. 9-4

Construction

Support

Facilities

7

's66'es6

00

t',

ff.',1?["#?t&H"il?3T3#Jl'ded

on

the

project

(a)

Accommodation:

The

different

type

of

quarters

constructed

on

the project

for

different'

cateeoiies

of

staff

engaged

on

lhe

-project

rvith-ih;it

;ifili

areas

and

cost

are

as

under

:'

^ ^In

addition,

about

330

piece

works

were

given

on

A-2

tenders.

9.2

The

Government

Organisation

sl.

No.

Types

of quarters

Plinth

area

insqm

Cost

Rs.

1.

2.

a

4.

5.

6.

7.

2tl

137

84

56

42

35

22

Class

I

Officers

Bungalow

Grade-I

-do-

Grade

II

Clbss

It

Officers

quarters

Class

III-A

Quarters

Class

III-B

Quarrers

Class

lV-A

Quarters

Class

IV-B

Quarters

31,470.00

25,220.00

13,125.00

7,000.00

5,000.00

3,500.00

2,000.00

263

Demag

Dragline

Osgood

dragline

North-West

dragline

Wheel

type

loader

Emco

loaderr

Motor

Grader

Catarpiller

'lfraxca-

vator

B-CnawrER

TRACToR

Cat.

D7

Trerctor

Cat.

D8(141\

Series

Tractor)

Cat.

D8 (olct)

Tractor

Cat.

D8

(H-Series)

Cat

D9

Tractor-

Int.

Harwester

TD-

18A

Tractor

-do-

TD-24'.lractor

Int.

Harwester

TD-25

Tractrcr

Hathi

D80

Tractor

-do-

D120

Tractor

Richard

Continental

CDSC

Tractor

-do-

CDIOC

Tractor

C-Moronlsrp

ScReprR

l.

Let.

C.

Scraper

2. Let.

V.C.

Scraper

3

Euclid

scraper

4.

Cat.

D.W.

15

scraper

5.

Motorised

Tournean

pull

1.9

cu

m 150

Hp

1.9

cu

m

0.57

cu

m 125

HP

15.29

cu m

I25

HP

IO

T

1.9

cu

m

125

Hp

lOO

HP

150

HP

I25

HP

235

HP

380

HP

I

3

(i)

Electricity

(fi)

Education

(rz)

Medical

(iu)

Shoppins

(v)

Post

and Telegraph

(uf)

Transport

(uti)

Guest

House

(viii)

Recreation

(rx)

Security

10.

Earth

Moving

Machinery

and

store

procurement

L0.l

Earth

Moving

Machinery

.1

The

heavy

equipment

used

for

the

construction

of

the

dam

are

shown

in

Table

IX.l.

I.

J

4

5

2

3

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

34

12.

st.

No.

9.

TABLE

tx.l

10.

List

of heavy

equipment

used

at

Ukai.

I

l.

Name

of

machinerv

Capacity

Quantity

Nos.

I18

HP

I5O

HP

230

HP

150

HP

225

HP

160

HP

3IO

HP

20

T

0.63

cu

I86HP

.22 T

s0

HP

180

HP

2IO

HP

210

HP

I. Earth

Moving

Machinery

A-ExcevAToRS

1.

Tata

P&H

Shovel

(Diesel)

1.9

cu

m

230

Hp

2.

-do-

(E,lectric)

3.

Marion

shovel

(Diesel)

4.

-do-

(Elecrric)

264

2.29

cu

m

125

HP

l.15

cu

2.29

cu

m

165

HP

m

150

HP

9

50

9

t0

5

I

TABLE

lX.l

(Contd.\

D-TowBo

Scnepnn

1.

Wooldridge

scraper

2.

Onion scraper

3. Birtly

scraper

E-Duupsns

l. Let.

C.

Dumper

2.

-do-

V.C.

Dumper

3. Euclid Dumpers

4. Caterpiller

619

C

Rear

5.

-do-

Bottom

F-Sunep

Foor

Ror-uRs

l. Larsen

&

Toubro

Make

2. William

Jacks

3.

Single

Drum

G-Roep

Rolrnns

l.

A.J. Road

Roller

2. Skoda

Roller

3.

Malcan

Moore

4.

Shield

5.

Britannia

Marshall

6. Pneumatic

Roller

(Photo

2)

H-WHeer

Type

Tnncrons

l.

Int.

Harwester

BWD-6

Tractor

2.

-do-

BMD-6

Tractor

lI-T r

ansp o r

t

Eq

u ip

nt e nt

s

A-Tnucrs

1. Dodge,

Fargo-

2.

Tata

Mercedes

Benz (L

3

l2)

3.

-do-

( l2

I

0)

4.

Leyland

(350)

Trucks

0.51

cu

m

0.64 cu m

0.64 cu

m

22T-270

HP

22T-270

HP

lsT-I80

HP

280

HP

280

HP

tol0T

46

HP

8 to l0T

45

I{P

40 HP

8

to

I0T 40

HP

8

to

l0T

35

HP

100 T

40

HP

40

HP

lOO HP

105

HP

105 HP

IlO HP

5.

-do-

(370)

Trucks

6.

Dodge

Rocket

B-Ttpprns

l. Tata

Mercedes

Benz

(312)

2. Leyland

(350)

Tippers

3.

Leyland

beaver

4. Dodge

Fargo

C-Warnn

TeNran

l.

Dodge

water

tanker

2.

Leyland

-do-

D-Mrsc.

Auronosll,ns

1.

-S.A

Trailors

2.

Mack

Trailors

3. Inspection

vehicles

4.

Ambulance

Car

5.

Explosive

Van

6. Staff

Bus

7.

School

Bus

E-Cnnnrs

l.

Coles

crane

I25 HP

IIO HP

100

HP

1l

3.54

cu

m

57

110

HP

45

110

HP

23

3637

Lit.

90

HP

8

45461it.

lt

IIO

HP

40 T 2r0

HP

I

/4

Tons A.

314

T

3i4 Ton

90

HP

6T-35

HP

3T-30

HP

3T-30

HP

5T

7

68

I

1

7

4

2

24

I

f8

I

3

a

J

2

7

45

3

6

4

r3

5

8

2

1

I

7

J

T9

10.2

Foreign

Exchange

The

major

part

of

the

dam work

was

of earth

worktotalling

.to23.40

M cu m.

Out of this quantity

earth

work

to the tune

of 20.00

M

cu

m

was

iomple-

ted throu_eh

the

departmental

machineries

within

^the

construction period

of

seven

years.

particularly

last

three

years

proved

to

be

the

heaviest

of

this

construc-

tion activities.

The

earth

work

machineries

for

this

work were

obtained

to

some

extent

through foreign

exchange

through

Rupee

payment

system,

on

lon-g-

term credit

basis.

The

foreign

exchange

requirement

was

to the

extent

of

Rs.

69.4 million.

This

was

made

up by Belgium

credit

worth

Rs.

250

million

for 56

Nos.

of

ciumpers

and 58

of

scrapers. A

Dutch

credit

was

worth

Rs.

310

miltion.

The

French

credit

was

Rs.

9.8

million

which

was

utilised

for

importing

tractors

of

160

HP

and 110

HP.

The

foreign exchange

so

obtained

helped

in

procuring

machineries.

The

spares

worth

20

percent

of the

cost of the equipment

23

26s

PHOTO

2

:

100

tonne

pneumatic

type

roller.

were

also

procured

to

enable

smooth

working

of

the

machineries.

10.3

Store

procurement

In

addition

many

other

consunrable

parts

\\,ere

llso.

procured

through

the

Executive

Engi,i..l

Store

Division.

At

thes6

ite.s;;;.

carried"

on-ii.ougt,

cardex

system.

In

aOOltion

tirg. quantity

of

cement

266

/es

were

tackled

through

a

ion

..

working

under

the

'e

Division,

Railway

siOini

'""

#

t1

;

l#:

"

s

t

iu r

i't"E

10.4

Workshop

Facilities

were

dealt

in

each

of

the

which

had

their

own

work-

r

manned

by

a

Deputy

i

ro

major

repairs

joU

wnicn

arrended

to

in

division

Transport

section

'uvith

servicing

and

repairs

faci-

Iities

for

inspection

vehici;;,;;;"y

irucks

und

du*pr^

were

also

functioning

"tt

td."rgii-;h;-.iug.

of

construction.

11.

Foundation

Treatment

The

conventional

.positive

C.qT

with

grouting

below

bed

was

egneraliy

-uOopt.O

for

the

eaith

dam.

However,

rhe

existence

of

a

inict

bed

of

coarse

sand

gravel

and

bourders

berow

the

stanci"g

p"or"fi

*ut",

ll.l

Earth

Dant

Reach

(Except

Shear

Zone)

I

I.I.l

The

properties

of

rhe

materials

used

in

*sroutlng

are

enumerated

below

:

^ ^lrl

High

Grade

Bentonite

:

parricles

less

rhan

0.002

mrn

size

not

less

than

s0

p;;;e;i,

lid"iA

timit

350

.percent,

swelling

index

(after

24

li6urs)

13,

specific

gravity

2.g.

.

(tv)

Sodium

hexametaphosphare

used

as

defloccurat-

ing

agent-

It

was

observed

^that

2

perceni

*ut

most

appropriate

and

hence

it was

kept'

constani-

in

all

tests

for

clay-cement

bentonite

grout.

The

proportions

of

various

ingredients

used rvere

as under

:

The

details

of

gnJl,rrg

length.

and

grout

consumption

is

-siven

in

Table

Xf.i.

----"-!

ll.2

Earth

Dant

in

Shear

Zones

The

positive

C.O.T.

was

provided

for

this

reach

also

However,

for

shea.

,oo.i

occurring

below

C.O.T.

bed

needed

special

rr.utmirrtfy

grouting.

Trial

-qrouting

in

this

zone

by-

conventional

method

with

packers

was

not

successfr]r

ur

ta."';;r,

of

the

drit

hore

were

not

smooth

due.

to

r..qu.ni'

"corapses

and

the

packers-

did

not

fii

Jight

against

the

wats.

The

degree

of

fractu.'ng.

teing

intense

at

certain

locations,

it

was

evident

irrut

rorn.

of

the

finer

crushed

materiar

rvourd

refuse

"orn,ur

cement

or

cement

benronite

grours.

To

_n.oui^;ft";fi;l;^^"r,i.h

zones,

clay-chemical

and

.fremicailriur,

were

used.

A

very

conv-enient

method

-

of

glouting

such

a

stratum

was

with

,

the

hel_p

of

tuUe_a--.!i.irEtt.r,

the

process

developed

by

M/,

sotenianc^h;-;f"France.

Grouting

by

this

method

was

carried

out

in

three

to

hve

rorvs

of

holes

spaced

2

m

apart.

The

-ipacing

of

holes

in

each

rofr

,uu,

J

-_

"1".

ffr.

,pacing

of

rhe

hotes

wgre

fixed

Au.irre

-it.

orl**r,

of

rvork

by

,h.

-*l:gjl:sp[

if"-gin,a-

unTlrt

ine

the

principle

of

confinemenr.

-

Grouting

was

done

at

a

pressure

ranging

frgm

35

k_eicm,

io

zd

i;);*,

as

rvarranted.

The

criterion

foi

accepting

the

effective-

ness

o{

.11.

grour

currain

was

n*ia---in..;.;;,

of

permeability

as

-siven

by

'Lugeon'

tests

in

check

holes.

To

verifv

lh. lype

of

rock

a

shaft

of

I

m

diameter

and l+

m

a.Jp

*1,'iiitt.a

at

ch.

3203

m.

After

visual

insoection'of

;;.[;

,i..

J-rling

"purr..o

was.changedro^

;i;pl;

;;.k

;"utrng

and

the

whole

rvork

of

.Rs.

3.0

mi'ion

was

nriistreo

in

Rs.

1.7

milrion.

For

effective

impermeabirisation

ofl

shear

stringers,

the

use

of

med.ium

nne

inc--il;

;;;;t,

^;*

obti_

gatory

in

addition

ro

normal

coarse

grouts

consisting

of

cement-bentonite

'or*tui.r.

The

coarse

cement

benro.nite.

grout

was

used

to

lhe

maximum

extent

practicable

for

economy

as

weil

aJ"ioi-'prouiding

adequate

confinement

toihe

finer

grouts

that

folrowed

in

stages.

Tarkeshwar

;l:L

varying

Bentonite

Cement

Water

D.A.

0.25

to

2

0.5

0.25

0.5

Varying

Irom

0.25

to

2.0

8.0

no/

L/o

)o/

o/o

267

The

fine

srout

wlf

pure

clremica!-

grout

using

sodium

siricatE

und

sodiuf;liu-irrut..

The

resurts

of

some

150

laboratory

tests

indicated

irr.

rorio;;;;

mix

:

Water

Sodium

Aluminate

Sodium

silicate

ll.3

Cut-off

for

the

River

portion

.

The

other

arternative

was

to provide

a pratform

ofnver

sand

below

the

seat

olifr..Oum,

and

with

its

top

at

abour

3

m

abov.

tli

uu.iug"'r.uJ';ii#':ianding

500

cc

13

to

16

gm

300

cc

TABLE

X.T

Details

of drilling

and

grouting

in

various

reaches

at

Ukai.

SI.

No.

Reach

Drilling

Grout

intake

in

M.T.

Cement

intake

kelm

Remarks

9u.I-

Rock

Cemenr

ourden

m

Bento-

CIay

Sodium

nrte

hexa_

meta-

phosphate

l0

1.

R.B.E.D.

except

snear

zone:

(t)

Cn.

2e88

to

3201

(ii)

3201

to

3579

m

Shear

zone

between

(i)

s0tz

to

3035

m

(ii)

3Ozg

to

3r

r0

m

(iii1

3146

to

3177

m

1054

2763

4T

1547

3185

53

1149

6474

253

0.59

16.9

2.

12

l3

40

18

34

72

0.79

2.2

16.5

39.03

(A)

For

bentonite_chemical

grout

(r)

Bentonite

g.

I

MT

(ti)

Monosodic

phosphare

l.g

(ifi)

Sodjum

silicate

5.0

,,

(B)

For

pure

chemical

grout

(i)

Sodium

aluminate

0.50

MT

268

(if)

Sodium

silicate

16.7

5

Indian National Committee on Large Dams. Design and Construction Features of Selected Dams in India

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