Heiman G. Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
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418
Statistical Tables
Table C.1 Proportions of Area under the Standard Normal Curve:
The z-Tables
Table C.2 Critical Values of t: The t-Tables
Table C.3 Critical Values of the Pearson Correlation
Coefficient: The r-Tables
Table C.4 Critical Values of the Spearman Rank-Order Correlation
Coefficient: The r
S
-Tables
Table C.5 Critical Values of F: The F-Tables
Table C.6 Values of Studentized Range Statistic, q
k
Table C.7 Critical Values of Chi Square: The
2
-Tables
Table C.8 Critical Values of the Mann–Whitney U
Table C.9 Critical Values of the Wilcoxon T
C
TABLE C.1
Proportions of Area under the Standard Normal Curve: The z-Tables
Column A lists z-score values. Column B lists the proportion of the area between the mean and the z-score value.
Column C lists the proportion of the area beyond the z-score in the tail of the distribution. (Note: Because the
normal distribution is symmetrical, areas for negative z-scores are the same as those for positive z-scores.)
APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables 419
STATISTICAL TABLES
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
continued
TABLE C.1 (CONT.)
Proportions of Area under the Standard Normal Curve: The z-Tables
420 APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables
continued
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
TABLE C.1 (CONT.)
Proportions of Area under the Standard Normal Curve: The z-Tables
APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables 421
STATISTICAL TABLES
continued
TABLE C.1 (CONT.)
Proportions of Area under the Standard Normal Curve: The z-Tables
422 APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
Area Between
Mean and z
Area
Beyond z
in Tail
z
–z
+
z
AB C
X
–
APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables 423
Text not available due to copyright restrictions
424 APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables
Text not available due to copyright restrictions
APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables 425
STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE C.4
Critical Values of the Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient: The r
s
-Tables
To interpolate the critical value for an N not given, find the critical values for the N above and below your N, add
them together, and then divide the sum by 2. When N is greater than 30, transform r
S
to a z-score using the formula
. For , the two-tailed and the one-tailed .
Two-Tailed Test One-Tailed Test
Alpha Level Alpha Level
(no. of
N
pairs) (no. of
N
pairs) a 5 .01a 5 .05a 5 .01a 5 .05
z
crit
5 1.645z
crit
5 ;1.96␣ 5 .05z
obt
5 1r
S
211N 2 12
0
+r
crit
–r
crit
0
+r
crit
From E. G. Olds (1949), “The 5 Percent Significance Levels of Sums of Squares of Rank Differences and a Correction,” Annals of Math Statis-
tics, 20, pp. 117–118; and E. G. Olds (1938), “Distribution of Sums of Squares of Rank Differences for Small Numbers of Individuals,” Annals
of Math Statistics, 9, pp. 133–148. Reprinted with permission of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.
426 APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables
Text not available due to copyright restrictions
APPENDIX C / Statistical Tables 427
Text not available due to copyright restrictions