Факторы окружающей среды и здоровье человека. Опыт Дании

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mf_gvr_gb_qbkeZ^_l_ckljZ^Zxsbo[jhgoblhfijbf_jghgZ

(MEM 2000a).

Hahg

Hahgy\ey_lkykbevgufhdbkebl_e_f\uau\ZxsbfijbagZdb

j_kibjZlhjguoaZ[he_\ZgbchkeZ[e_gb_e_]hqghcnmgdpbbmkbe_gb_

j_Zdpbb^uoZl_evguoiml_cgZjZa^jZ`bl_ebb\hkiZe_gb_^uoZl_evguo

iml_cWib^_fbheh]bq_kdb_bkke_^h\ZgbymklZgh\bebaZ\bkbfhklvf_`^m

dhgp_gljZpb_chahgZbh[hklj_gb_fijbagZdh\j_kibjZlhjguo

aZ[he_\Zgbcma^hjh\uo^_l_c\ajhkeuobZklfZlbdh\khhl\_lkl\mxs__

ijbih\ur_gbb\l_q_gb_qZkh\kj_^g_]hmjh\gydhgp_gljZpbb

hahgZgZ]f

ZlZd`_ih\ur_gb_gZkemqZ_\]hkiblZebaZpbbih

j_kibjZlhjgufhkgh\Zgbyf<HA]

Ohlyihke_^kl\by\ha^_ckl\byhahgZ[uebh[gZjm`_guijb_]h

dhgp_gljZpbbgb`_]f

_]hlhqghcgZbf_gvr_cihjh]h\hc

\_ebqbguijbdhlhjhcgZklmiZxlg_]Zlb\gu_ihke_^kl\by^eya^hjh\vy

hij_^_e_ghg_[ueh<>Zgbbijhp_glbevdhgp_gljZpbbhahgZ

khhl\_lkl\m_lijbf_jgh]f

ihwlhfmkms_kl\m_lj_ZevgZy

\_jhylghklvg_]Zlb\guoihke_^kl\bc^eya^hjh\vygZk_e_gby>Zgbbhl

\ha^_ckl\byhahgZKqblZ_lkyqlha^hjh\v_^_l_cfeZ^_gp_\

ij_klZj_euo[hevguobhkeZ[e_gguoex^_cih^\_j]Z_lkyhkh[hc

hiZkghklbijb\ha^_ckl\bbhahgZKZfh_kbevgh_\ha^_ckl\b_

hdZau\Z_lkygZex^_cijh\h^ysbofgh]h\j_f_gbgZhldjulhf\ha^mo_

gZijbf_j^_l_cZlZd`_ex^_c\_^msboZdlb\guch[jZa`bagbgZ

hldjulhf\ha^mo_0(0E

>bhdkbgu

<u[jhku^bhdkbgZb^bhdkbghih^h[guoIO;\>Zgbby\eyxlky

hl^_evghcijh[e_fhcBklhqgbdhf^bhdkbgh\y\eyxlky\hkgh\ghf

ijhp_kkuk`b]Zgbyhgbihy\eyxlky\ibs_\hcp_ibihke_hkZ`^_gbygZ

ihq\_a_jgh\uodmevlmjZob\h^_G_^Z\gh\]<HAmklZgh\beZ

\_ebqbgmbo^himklbfhc^eya^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZkmlhqghcghjfu

\ha^_ckl\byjZ\gmxibdh]jZffZfLWd\lhdkbq_kdh]hwd\b\Ze_glZ

7&''gZd]\_kZl_eZq_eh\_dZ<wlhf]h^m]GZmqgucdhfbl_l

ihijh^h\hevkl\bxmq_ewlhb^eyghjfZlb\h\?KmklZgh\b\\j_f_ggmx

\_ebqbgm^himklbfhcg_^_evghc^hau\ha^_ckl\by\ibdh]jZffLWd\gZ

d]\_kZq_eh\_dZ<hp_gd_<HAml\_j`^Zehkvqlhijbkms_kl\mxsbo

mjh\gyo^g_\gh]h\ha^_ckl\by\ibdh]jZffLWd\gZd]\_kZq_eh\_dZ\

g_dhlhjuokehyogZk_e_gbyijhfure_gghjZa\bluokljZgfh]mlbf_lv

f_klhhij_^_e_ggu_keZ[u_ihke_^kl\by<>Zgbbkj_^g_kmlhqgh_

\ha^_ckl\b_gZq_eh\_dZihhp_gd_>Zlkdhckem`[uih\_l_jbgZjbbb

ijh^h\hevkl\_ggufj_kmjkZfkhklZ\ey_lijbf_jghibdh]jZffLWd\gZ

d]\_kZq_eh\_dZl_\ur_^himklbfuomjh\g_cmklZgh\e_gguo<HAb

GZmqgufdhfbl_lhfihijh^h\hevkl\bxL_fg_f_g__gZk_]h^gyrgbc

^_gvg_ykghgZkdhevdhbeb\dZdhckl_i_gbwlhlmjh\_gv\ha^_ckl\by

ijb\h^bldg_]Zlb\gufihke_^kl\byf^eya^hjh\vygZk_e_gby>Zgbb

5.2

Mjh\_gvaZsblu

H[sZyp_evaZsbluhlg_ba[_`guo\u[jhkh\\j_^guo\_s_kl\\

Zlfhkn_jguc\ha^moaZdexqZ_lky\lhfqlh[uex[h_h[jZs_gb_k

aZ]jyagyxsbfb\j_^gufb\_s_kl\Zfbg_ijb\h^beh[udihy\e_gbx

hiZkghklb^eya^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZbeb^bkdhfnhjlZbeb\j_^Z^ey



kms_kl\h\Zgby`b\hlguobjZkl_gbc>eya^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZwlhhagZqZ_l

aZsblmdZdhlihke_^kl\bcijyfh]hihiZ^ZgbyaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\\

kbkl_fm^uoZgbylZdbhihkj_^h\Zgguoihke_^kl\bchlihiZ^Zgby

aZ]jyagbl_e_c\ha^moZgZijbf_j\iblv_\mx\h^mihq\mbijh^mdlu

iblZgbyAZsblZq_eh\_dZlZd`_\dexqZ_l\k_[yij_^hl\jZs_gb_bguo

\b^h\^bkdhfnhjlZ\lhfqbke_aZiZoh\biuebDjhf_wlh]h

ijbjh^hhojZggu_khh[jZ`_gbyhlghkylkydZddijyfufihke_^kl\byf^ey

`bagb`b\hlguobjZkl_gbclZdbaZsbl_Zlfhkn_juhl\hafh`guo

hiZkghkl_clZdbodZdgZijbf_jbaf_g_gby\hahgh\hfkeh_

Mjh\_gvaZsbluhij_^_ey_lky]eZ\gufh[jZahfbkihevah\Zgb_f

hkgh\ZgguogZdjbl_jbyohojZgua^hjh\vyghjfZlb\guo\_ebqbgbeb

djbl_jb_\dZq_kl\ZZlZd`_bkihevah\Zgb_fij_^_evgh^himklbfuo

ihdZaZl_e_c\u[jhkh\KqblZ_lkyqlhdjbl_jbbdZq_kl\ZmklZgh\e_ggu_

>Zlkdbf:HHKy\eyxlkyhljZ`_gb_f\ukhdh]hmjh\gyaZsblu

>hihegbl_evgZybgnhjfZpbyhgZmqghff_lh^_jZajZ[hldbdjbl_jb_\

dZq_kl\Z\ha^moZijb\h^blky\ijbeh`_gbb

5.2.1

GhjfudZq_kl\Z\ha^moZ

G_^Z\gh\]<HA[uebijh\_^_guih^jh[gu_bkke_^h\Zgby

ihke_^kl\bcaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ^eya^hjh\vy\hkgh\_

dhlhjuo[ueZf_lh^heh]byhij_^_e_ggZy<HAIhy\b\rb_kyihke_wlh]h

ghjfZlb\gu_j_dhf_g^Zpbb<HAihdZq_kl\m\ha^moZihkem`bebhkgh\hc

^eygh\uoijhba\h^guo^bj_dlb\?Kihy\b\rbokyihke_JZfhqghc

^bj_dlb\uihdhgljhexdZq_kl\Z\ha^moZ<^_yl_evghklbki_pbZevguo

wdki_jlguojZ[hqbo]jmiidhlhju_]hlh\bebi_j\u_ijh_dlu^bj_dlb\

mqZkl\h\Zebb^Zlkdb_ki_pbZebklu

Gh\u_ijhba\h^gu_^bj_dlb\u?Kkh^_j`ZlagZq_gbyij_^_evgh

^himklbfuoihdZaZl_e_ch[yaZl_evguo^eykh[ex^_gby\]hkm^Zjkl\Zo

qe_gZo?KZlZd`_ih^jh[gmxbgnhjfZpbxihlj_[h\Zgbyfd

baf_j_gbyfbhlq_lghklbWlbij_^_evgu_\_ebqbgu^he`gu[ulv

hljZ`_gu\gZpbhgZevghfaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_]hkm^Zjkl\qe_gh\\dexqZy

>ZgbxMklZgh\e_guij_^_evgu_kjhdb^hklb`_gbyijbgyluoij_^_evgh

^himklbfuoagZq_gbcgZijbf_jd]beb]

JZfhqgZy^bj_dlb\Z?KihdhgljhexdZq_kl\Z\ha^moZlj_[m_l

ih^]hlh\dbijhba\h^guo^bj_dlb\ihke_^mxsbfaZ]jyagyxsbf

\_s_kl\Zfdhlhju_j_]mebjmxlkykms_kl\mxsbfb^bj_dlb\Zfb?Kih

dZq_kl\mhdjm`Zxs_]h\ha^moZ^\mhdbkvk_ju^\mhdbkvZahlZl\_j^u_

qZklbpuLQ

bLQ

2.5

k\bg_pbhahgZlZd`_^hihegbl_evgu_

aZ]jyagbl_eb[_gahem]Zjguc]ZaihebZjhfZlbq_kdb_m]e_\h^hjh^u

dZ^fbcfurvydgbd_evbjlmlv<ijbeh`_gbbijb\h^blkylZ[ebpZ

ij_^_evgh^himklbfuoihdZaZl_e_cdZq_kl\Zhdjm`Zxs_]h\ha^moZF

mq_lhfnZdlhjZhojZgua^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZIh^jm]bffgh]hqbke_gguf

hiZkgufobfbq_kdbf\_s_kl\Zfdhlhju_\u[jZku\Zxlky\Zlfhkn_jm

ij_^ijbylbyfbb^jm]bfbbklhqgbdZfbg_[m^mlijbgbfZlvky\

[eb`Zcr_f[m^ms_f\?K_^bgu_ij_^_evgh^himklbfu_ihdZaZl_eb

>eyj_]mebjh\Zgbywlboijhfure_gguoobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\>Zlkdh_

:HHKmklZgh\behijbgpbiuhij_^_e_gbyhkgh\ZgguogZdjbl_jbyo

hojZgua^hjh\vyhjb_glbjh\hqguo\_ebqbgdjbl_jb_\dZq_kl\Z\ha^moZ

ihkh^_j`Zgbxdhgdj_lguoobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\Wlb\_ebqbgu

bkihevamxlky^eyjZkq_lZ^himklbfuo\u[jhkh\obfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\



ijhfure_ggufbij_^ijbylbyfbb^eyjZkq_lZ\ukhlubo\u[jhkh\kf

ijbeh`_gb_

>Zlkdb_ijbgpbiuhij_^_e_gbyhkgh\ZgguogZdjbl_jbyoa^hjh\vy

hjb_glbjh\hqguo\_ebqbgkh^_j`Zgbyobfbq_kdbo\_s_kl\k\yaZguk

ZgZebahfj_amevlZlh\gZmqguobkke_^h\ZgbcbamqZ\rbo\hafh`gh_

\j_^gh_\ha^_ckl\b_\_s_kl\dZd\wib^_fbheh]bq_kdbowdki_jbf_glZo

lZdbwdki_jbf_glZogZ`b\hlguoGZhkgh\_ihemq_gguo^Zgguo[ueb

mklZgh\e_gulZdb_mjh\gbhjb_glbjh\hqguo\_ebqbgdjbl_jb_\dZq_kl\Z

dhlhju_g_^he`gu\uau\ZlvmgZk_e_gbygbdZdbog_]Zlb\guo

ihke_^kl\bc

Dh]^Z[uebhij_^_e_guhjb_glbjh\hqgu_\_ebqbguhgb[ueb

bkihevah\Zgu^ey\uqbke_gbydhgdj_lguo\_ebqbgihjh]h\uoagZq_gbc

^eyijZdlbq_kdh]hijbf_g_gbyijbj_]mebjh\ZgbbWlbihjh]h\u_

agZq_gbydhgp_gljZpbbaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\\hdjm`Zxs_f\ha^mo_

ba\_klgu\>ZgbbdZdKihdZaZl_eb\_ebqbgukhklZ\eyxsbo&

ihdZaZl_eb±wlhij_^_evgZy\_ebqbgZkhhl\_lkl\mxsZy

ijhp_glbex

klZlbklbq_kdbo^Zgguoihbaf_j_gbxdhgp_gljZpbcaZqZkWlhlmjh\_gv

g_^he`_gij_\urZlvky[he__q_fijbf_jghgZk_fvqZkh\\f_kypbeb

gZ\j_f_gbHlghr_gb_f_`^mmklZgh\e_gghcbkoh^ybadjbl_jb_\

hojZgua^hjh\vy^himklbfhc\_ebqbghcbKihdZaZl_e_faZ\bkblhllh]h

y\ey_lkyebihke_^kl\b_^eya^hjh\vyhkljufdjZldhkjhqgufbeb

ojhgbq_kdbf^he]h\j_f_ggufZlZd`_hlkl_i_gbih]j_rghklb

bkihevah\Zgguo^ZgguoKqblZ_lkyqlh&ihdZaZl_evhljZ`Z_l\ukhdbc

mjh\_gvhojZgua^hjh\vyld\[hevrbgkl\_kemqZ_\agZq_gb_K

ihdZaZl_eymklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyjZ\gufhjb_glbjh\hqghc\_ebqbg_

kh^_j`ZgbyaZ]jyagyxs_]h\_s_kl\Zhkgh\ZgghcgZdjbl_jbyo

a^jZ\hhojZg_gby

Ihke_mklZgh\e_gby^himklbfuoh[t_fh\\u[jhkh\ij_^ijbylbyb

dhgp_gljZpbckh^_j`ZgbyaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\^eyhij_^_e_gby

fbgbfZevghc\ukhlu\u[jhkh\aZ]jyag_gby\ukhluljm[ubkihevam_lky

fh^_evjZkk_ygbyaZ]jyag_gby\Zlfhkn_j_Kihfhsvxfh^_eb

jZkkqblu\ZxlkyqZkh\u_dhgp_gljZpbbaZ]jyagyxs_]h\_s_kl\Z\

l_q_gb_]h^Zhkgh\Zggu_gZbgl_gkb\ghklb\u[jhkh\bihqZkh\uo

f_l_hjheh]bq_kdbo^Zgguocijhp_glbevklZlbklbq_kdbobaf_j_gbc

ihemq_gguckihfhsvxfh^_ebkjZ\gb\Z_lkyk\_ebqbghcKihdZaZl_ey

^ey^Zggh]haZ]jyagbl_ey?keb&ihdZaZl_evij_\ur_g\ukhlZ\u[jhkh\

^he`gZ[ulvm\_ebq_gZ^hlh]hagZq_gbyijbdhlhjhfg_ijhbkoh^bl

ij_\ur_gb_KihdZaZl_ey

Ijh[e_fZ\hagbdZ_lkmklZgh\e_gb_fij_^_evgh^himklbfuo\_ebqbgl_o

aZ]jyagbl_e_cZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ^eydhlhjuog_lgb`gboihjh]h\uo

\_ebqbg\ha^_ckl\bygZa^hjh\v_<gZklhys__\j_fyijbagZghqlh

f_edh^bki_jkgu_\dexq_gbyij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hc[hevrmxhiZkghklv^ey

a^hjh\vy\^Zlkdbo]hjh^Zo<HA\]g_m^Zehkvhij_^_eblv

gb`gbcihjh]\hagbdgh\_gbyg_]Zlb\guoihke_^kl\bc^eya^hjh\vyhl

\ha^_ckl\byf_edh^bki_jkguo\dexq_gbcLQ

bLQ

2.5

L_fg_f_g__

i_j\Zyijhba\h^gZy^bj_dlb\Z?Khij_^_ey_ldjZldhkjhqgu_b

^he]hkjhqgu_ij_^_evgu_\_ebqbgu^eyLQ

b^himkdZ_lij_\ur_gb_

agZq_gbydjZldhkjhqgh]hij_^_evgh^himklbfh]hihdZaZl_eyfZdkbfmfgZ

^g_c\]h^Kms_kl\mxsb_\gZklhys__\j_fymjh\gbLQ

\]hjh^kdhc

f_klghklb\>ZgbbbebihqlblZdb_dZdgh\u_ij_^_evgu_\_ebqbgu?K



bebg_fgh]h\ur_boDZdmdZau\Zehkv\ij_^u^ms_fjZa^_e_

mf_gvr_gb_gZ]h^h\hcdhgp_gljZpbbLQ

2.5

\^Zlkdbo]hjh^Zofh`_l

kgbablvkf_jlghklvijbf_jghgZkemqZ_\gZh^bgfbeebhggZk_e_gby

\]h^0(0].

?s_h^gbfaZ]jyagbl_e_fZlfhkn_ju^eydhlhjh]hg_kms_kl\m_l

gb`g_cihjh]h\hc\_ebqbguhij_^_eyxs_cihke_^kl\by^eya^hjh\vyb

dhlhjucij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hck_jv_agmxhiZkghklv^eya^hjh\vy\>Zgbb

y\ey_lkyhahgF_`^mgZjh^gufbbkke_^h\Zgbyfb[ueZh[gZjm`_gZ

q_ldZyb\Z`gZyaZ\bkbfhklv^haZhldebd^eydhgp_gljZpbchahgZ\

^bZiZahg_f_`^mb]f

L_fg_f_g__<HA\]mklZgh\beZ

hjb_glbjh\hqgmx\_ebqbgmjZ\gmx]f

^eykj_^gbo\l_q_gb_

qZkh\dhgp_gljZpbcbwlm\_ebqbgmij_^eZ]Z_lkybkihevah\Zlv\gh\hc

ijhba\h^ghc^bj_dlb\_?KihhahgmDZdmdZau\Zehkv\ur_\>Zgbb

bf_xlf_klhdhgp_gljZpbbhahgZij_\urZxsb_]f

ihwlhfm\

>Zgbbfh`ghh`b^Zlvg_]Zlb\guoihke_^kl\bc^eya^hjh\vy\ua\Zgguo

\ha^_ckl\b_fhahgZ

Kms_kl\mxsbcmjh\_gvghjfbjh\ZgbyaZsbludZdhlf_edh^bki_jkguo

\dexq_gbclZdbhahgZ^h\hevghgbahdKms_kl\mxsb_dhgp_gljZpbb

wlboaZ]jyagbl_e_cbkms_kl\mxsb_ij_^_evgu_\_ebqbguij_^iheZ]Zxl

\hafh`ghklvboagZqbl_evgh]h\ha^_ckl\bygZa^hjh\v_gZk_e_gby\iehlv

^hkf_jl_evguokemqZ_\WlZkblmZpby±ihegZyijhlb\hiheh`ghklv

hkgh\Zggh]hgZdjbl_jbyohojZgua^hjh\vyghjfbjh\Zgbyb

j_]mebjh\ZgbyaZ]jyag_gby\h^ubihq\u\>Zgbb]^_ex[h_\ha^_ckl\b_

gZgZk_e_gb_Z[khexlghg_ijb_fe_fhI_jki_dlb\Zihf_edh^bki_jkguf

\dexq_gbyfbhahgmlh`_g_h[_sZ_lgbq_]hohjhr_]hH[ZaZ]jyagbl_ey

hq_gvljm^ghdhgljhebjh\Zlvbbodhgp_gljZpby\>Zgbb\[hevrhc

kl_i_gbaZ\bkblhlljZgk]jZgbqgh]hi_j_ghkZaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_jgh]h

\ha^moZB\k_`_f_jugZijZ\e_ggu_gZmf_gvr_gb_\u[jhkh\l\_j^uo

qZklbpbaf_klguobklhqgbdh\fh]mlijb\_klbd[hevrhfmwnn_dlmijb

\ha^_ckl\bbgZf_klgh_gZk_e_gb_

LZd`_\>Zgbbljm^ghhp_gblvmjh\_gvaZsbluhl^bhdkbgh\

gZoh^ysboky\\u[jhkZoldkeh`ghhij_^_eblvdZdZy^hey\bo

kh\hdmighf\ha^_ckl\bbgZ^Zlkdh_gZk_e_gb_ijbgZ^e_`blbf_ggh

^Zlkdbf\u[jhkZf^bhdkbgZL_fg_f_g__ihkms_kl\mxsbfhp_gdZf

kj_^g__\ha^_ckl\b_gZgZk_e_gb_ij_\urZ_l^himklbfu_<HAb

GZmqgufdhfbl_lhfijh^h\hevkl\by?K\_ebqbgu^halh^he`gZ[ulv

h[_ki_q_gZ[he__\ukhdZykl_i_gvaZsblubmf_gvr_gby\u[jhkh\

5.3

J_]mebjh\Zgb_bkljZl_]by

P_ebbijbgpbiu

Khljm^gbq_kl\hbp_ebkljZgfbjZb?K

DZdhlf_qZehkv\ur_aZ]jyag_gb_Zlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZy\ey_lky

ljZgk]jZgbqgufI_j_ghkaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\gZ[hevrb_jZkklhygby

hagZqZ_lqlhdZq_kl\h\ha^moZ\>ZgbbqZklbqghy\ey_lkyj_amevlZlhf

ijbjh^hhojZggh]hj_]mebjh\ZgbybmijZ\e_gbybklhqgbdZfb\u[jhkh\\

^jm]bokljZgZoWlh^_eZ_lf_`^mgZjh^gh_khljm^gbq_kl\h\Z`ghc

qZklvxmijZ\e_gbyhojZghcZlfhkn_jghckj_^u\>ZgbbHkgh\gZyqZklv

gZpbhgZevguomkbebcih[hjv[_kaZ]jyag_gb_fZlfhkn_juijboh^blkygZ

^hex?KbHHG\dexqZy?WDHHGbXG?I



AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h?K\wlhch[eZklbgZijZ\e_gh\p_ehfgZkhdjZs_gb_

\u[jhkh\ijhfure_gguoij_^ijbylbcbZ\lhfh[bevgh]hljZgkihjlZ

KljZl_]byihljZgkihjlmke_^mxsZy

•

kgb`_gb_\u[jhkh\aZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\dZlZeblbq_kdb_

ij_h[jZah\Zl_ebbkiulZgbyZ\lhfh[be_cgZijb]h^ghklvd

wdkiemZlZpbb

•

mf_gvr_gb_ihlj_[e_gbylhieb\ZqZklgufbe_]dh\ufbZ\lhfh[beyfb

\khljm^gbq_kl\_kijhba\h^bl_eyfbfZrbg

•

klbfmebjh\Zgb_bkihevah\ZgbyqbkluoZ\lhfh[be_cgZeh]h\u_

klbfmeu

<p_glj_\gbfZgbyaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z?K\h[eZklbljZgkihjlZgZoh^ylky

e_]dh\u_Z\lhfh[bebF_juih[hjv[_k\u[jhkZfb\Zlfhkn_jmhl

]jmah\uofZrbg`_e_agh^hjh`gh]hljZgkihjlZkZfhe_lh\bdhjZ[e_c

y\eyxlkyf_g__bgl_gkb\gufbbg_lZdbfbj_]meyjgufb

KgZqZeZ

o]]ih^]hlh\dhcf_jihkhdjZs_gbx\u[jhkh\\Zlfhkn_jmhl

e_]dh\h]hljZgkihjlZaZgbfZebkv\jZfdZo\uiheg_gbyih^]hlh\e_gguo

?\jhdhfbkkb_cIjh]jZff,b,,ihZ\lhfh[beyfg_nlb

Kms_kl\m_lg_kdhevdh^bj_dlb\gZijZ\e_gguogZkhdjZs_gb_

aZ]jyagyxsboZlfhkn_jguc\ha^mo\u[jhkh\hlijhfure_gguo

ij_^ijbylbcKms_kl\mxlb^bj_dlb\uihij_^_evguf\_ebqbgZf

\u[jhkh\gZaZ\h^Zoihk`b]Zgbxbijhfure_gguomklZgh\dZo

H`b^Z_lkyqlh^bj_dlb\Z,33&^he`gZijb\_klbdmf_gvr_gbx

aZ]jyag_gby\dexqZyaZ]jyag_gb_Zlfhkn_juhlij_^ijbylbcly`_ehc

ijhfure_gghklb

KlZg^ZjludZq_kl\Z\ha^moZmklZgZ\eb\Zxlky>bj_dlb\hc(&hl

k_gly[jy]ihhp_gd_bmijZ\e_gbxdZq_kl\hfhdjm`Zxs_]h

\ha^moZJZfhqgZy^bj_dlb\ZihdZq_kl\m\ha^moZbij_^eZ]Z_fhc

l_fZlbdhc^bj_dlb\ijhba\h^guohlwlhc^bj_dlb\uI_j\Zy

ijhba\h^gZy^bj_dlb\Z(&hlZij_ey]ihij_^_evguf

\_ebqbgZfkh^_j`Zgby^\mhdbkbk_juhdbkeh\ZahlZb^\mhdbkbZahlZ

l\_j^uoqZklbpbk\bgpZ\Zlfhkn_jghf\ha^mo_[ueZijbgylZ\]

Hkgh\gu_p_eb^bj_dlb\ihdZq_kl\m\ha^moZaZdexqZxlky\h[_ki_q_gbb

\ukhdh]hmjh\gyaZsblua^hjh\vygZk_e_gby\h\k_okljZgZo

?\jhi_ckdh]hKhxaZbmklZgh\e_gbblZdboij_^_evguo\_ebqbgdZq_kl\Z

hdjm`Zxs_]h\ha^moZdhlhju_[ueb[ugZijZ\e_gugZhojZgm

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uWlbij_^_evgu_\_ebqbgujZkkqblu\ZxlkygZhkgh\_

ihke_^gboBgkljmdpbc<HAihdZq_kl\m\ha^moZ\?\jhi_dhlhju_

<ha^mrgucljZgkihjlj_]mebjm_lky\hkgh\ghfF_`^mgZjh^ghchj]ZgbaZpb_c

]jZ`^ZgkdhcZ\bZpbbBD:HFhjkdhcljZgkihjlj_]mebjm_lky\hkgh\ghfF_`^mgZjh^ghc

fhjkdhchj]ZgbaZpb_cFFH>Zgbyklj_fblky\uihegylv\k_lj_[h\ZgbymklZgh\e_ggu_

wlbfb^\mfyhj]ZgbaZpbyfb

<gZqZe_o]]Khh[s_kl\hml\_j^behljb^bj_dlb\ukh^_j`ZsboklZg^ZjludZq_kl\Z

\ha^moZ^eyq_luj_oaZ]jyagbl_e_c^\mhdbkbk_ju\a\_r_gguoqZklbpk\bgpZb^\mhdbkb

ZahlZIjhba\h^gZy^bj_dlb\ZgZijZ\e_gZgZihkl_i_ggmxaZf_gmlj_o^bj_dlb\o]]ih

dZq_kl\m\ha^moZ



kem`Zl\dZq_kl\_ghjfZlb\guoj_dhf_g^Zpbc^eymklZgh\e_gby

dhgdj_lguo\_ebqbg

>_yl_evghklvbaZ^Zqb?WDHHGk\yaZgu]eZ\gufh[jZahfk

Dhg\_gpb_c]ihljZgk]jZgbqghfmaZ]jyag_gbxZlfhkn_jgh]h

\ha^moZijbi_j_ghkZoaZ]jyag_gbygZ[hevrb_jZkklhygbyDhg\_gpby

y\beZkvi_j\uff_`^mgZjh^gufxjb^bq_kdbh[yaZl_evguf

bgkljmf_glhfj_r_gbyijh[e_faZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_ju\rbjhdhf

]_h]jZnbq_kdhffZkrlZ[_HgZ[ueZih^ibkZgZ\]b\klmibeZ\

kbem\]HgZhij_^_ebeZhkgh\gu_ijbgpbiuhkms_kl\e_gby

dhgljheybkhdjZs_gby\j_^gh]h\ha^_ckl\bygZa^hjh\v_q_eh\_dZb

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ugZghkbfh]hljZgk]jZgbqgufaZ]jyag_gb_f

Zlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZKh\j_f_gbk\h_]h\klmie_gby\kbemDhg\_gpby

[ueZjZkrbj_gZ\hk_fvxijhlhdheZfbKhh[s_kl\hy\ey_lkyKlhjhghc

ihDhg\_gpbbbg_dhlhjufba__ijhlhdheh\

AZ^Zqbbkh]eZr_gbyhlghkysb_kyd\_s_kl\ZfjZajmrZxsbfhahgh\uc

kehcijb\h^ylky\]eZ\_dhlhjZyihk\ys_gZh[jZs_gbxk

obfbq_kdbfb\_s_kl\Zfbbij_iZjZlZfb

GZpbhgZevgu_p_ebbijbgpbiu

Dhgdj_lgu_bgbpbZlb\ubf_jhijbylbyhkms_kl\ey_fu_\>Zgbbb

gZijZ\e_ggu_gZkhdjZs_gb_aZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_ju\[hevrhckl_i_gb

hkgh\ZgugZlj_[h\Zgbyo?WDHHGb?Kihmf_gvr_gbxkh^_j`Zgby

hij_^_e_gguoaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\bihdZq_kl\m\ha^moZZlZd`_gZ

knhjfmebjh\ZgguogZgZpbhgZevghfmjh\g_p_eyoihj_r_gbxijh[e_f

k\yaZgguokaZ]jyag_gb_fZlfhkn_jugZijbf_jZpbebjh\Zgbyb

w\ljhnbdZpbbKljZl_]by>Zgbb\h[eZklbkhdjZs_gbyaZ]jyag_gby

Zlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZaZdexqZ_lky\iheghcj_ZebaZpbb^bj_dlb\?Kb

kh]eZr_gbcHHGZlZd`_\jZ[hl_k?KbHHGihmf_gvr_gbxghjf

ij_^_evgh^himklbfuo\_ebqbgbmdj_ie_gbxiheh`_gbc^bj_dlb\b

kh]eZr_gbc.

<hkgh\_mkbebc>ZgbbihkhdjZs_gbx\u[jhkh\&2

e_`ZlieZgu

^_ckl\bcWg_j]_lbdZ]Wg_j]_lbdZ]IeZg

^_ckl\bcihljZgkihjlm]LjZgkihjlgh_^\b`_gb_]b

IeZg^_ckl\bcIjZ\bl_evkl\Z>Zgbbihmf_gvr_gbx\u[jhkh\&2

hl

ljZgkihjlZ]J_]mebjh\Zgb_hkgh\Zgh\qZklghklbgZ

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ihd\hlZfmklZgh\e_gguf^ey\u[jhkh\

<hkgh\_aZsbludZq_kl\Z\ha^moZe_`bl\lhfqbke_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hih

dZq_kl\mlhieb\ZaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hihgZeh]ZfgZkh^_j`Zgb_k_ju\

lhieb\_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hihd\hlZfh]jZgbqb\Zxs__h[jZah\Zgb_

^\mhdbkbk_jubhdbkeh\ZahlZ\wg_j]_lbq_kdhfk_dlhj_

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hihdZlZebaZlhjZfgZgh\uoe_]dh\uoZ\lhfh[beyo

LZ[ebpZ5.1 AZ^Zqb>Zgbbk\yaZggu_kaZ]jyag_gb_fZlfhkn_ju

P_eb>Zgbb\h[eZklbkhdjZs_gbyaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ

Mf_gvr_gb_\u[jhkh\62

, NO

, NH

bEHKd]khhl\_lkl\mxs__fm

bokhdjZs_gbx\h[eZklyo\dhlhjuodjblbq_kdZygZ]jmadZihZpbebjh\Zgbx

ij_\urZ_lmjh\_gv]khhl\_lkl\mxs__ke_^mxsbfij_^_evgh

^himklbfuf\_ebqbgZf\u[jhkh\]^ey>Zgbb62

lhgg\]h^12

lhggEHKlhgg1+

lhgg

Mf_gvr_gb_gZ\u[jhkh\62

\]ihkjZ\g_gbxkmjh\g_f]

Mf_gvr_gb_gZ\u[jhkh\EHK\]ihkjZ\g_gbxkmjh\g_f]

Mf_gvr_gb_gZ\u[jhkh\ NO

\]ihkjZ\g_gbxkmjh\g_f]



AZ^ZqZih\u[jhkZf12

ihqlb\uiheg_gZmf_gvr_gb_\]ih

kjZ\g_gbxkmjh\g_f]khklZ\beh

5.3.1

Ijbjh^hhojZggu_p_ebijhfure_ggh]hk_dlhjZ

Ijhfure_gguck_dlhjZlZd`_ijhba\h^kl\hwe_dljhwg_j]bby\eyxlky

hkgh\gufbbklhqgbdZfbaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_jubihwlhfmhgb

gZoh^ylky\p_glj_h[s_iheblbq_kdbomkbebc\h[eZklbhojZgua^hjh\vy

gZk_e_gbyijbjh^ubhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uIheh`_gby:dlZh[hojZg_

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ubGhjfZlb\guobgkljmdpbcihdhgljhexaZ]jyag_gby

\ha^moZ\ijhfure_gghklbdZkZxsb_kyhl^_evguoijbjh^hhojZgguo

ghjfblj_[h\Zgbc^eyij_^ijbylbc\dexqZyko_fmwdheh]bq_kdbo

jZaj_r_gbc

^eyijb[ebabl_evghgZb[he__djmiguoij_^ijbylbc

aZ]jyagbl_e_c\>Zgbb^hdZaZebk\hxwnn_dlb\ghklvdZdbgkljmf_glZ

kgb`_gby\ha^_ckl\byijhfure_gghklbgZhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mb

a^hjh\v_gZf_klghfmjh\g_<ihke_^gb_]h^uijyfh_aZdhgh^Zl_evgh_

j_]mebjh\Zgb_wlh]hk_dlhjZ\k_[hevr_khijh\h`^Zehkv

wdhghfbq_kdbfbbgkljmf_glZfbmijZ\e_gbyZlZd`_ijbf_g_gb_flZdbo

bgkljmf_glh\dZdwdheh]bq_kdZyfZjdbjh\dZ^h[jh\hevgu_kh]eZr_gby

bmijZ\e_gb_\h[eZklbwg_j]_lbdbbhojZghchdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u

Hkgh\gZyaZ^ZqZijh\h^bfuo\>ZgbbjZ[hlkijhfure_gghklvx

aZdexqZ_lky\fZdkbfZevghfmf_gvr_gbbaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_ju

bkihevamyke_^mxsb_f_oZgbafu

•

\g_^j_gb_%$7emqrbobf_xsbokyl_ogbq_kdbokj_^kl\\h\k_

k_dlhjZ

•

^h[b\Zlvkykh[ex^_gby\k_fbij_^ijbylbyfb&ihdZaZl_e_c

•

^h[b\Zlvkyhlij_^ijbylbcijhba\h^kl\Z[he__qbklhcijh^mdpbb

•

^h[b\Zykvhlij_^ijbylbc[he__Zdlb\ghcjZ[hlukkbkl_fZfb

mijZ\e_gbyhojZghchdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ugZmjh\g_ij_^ijbylby

•

j_ZebaZpby^bj_dlb\uihEHKbmqZklb_\jZajZ[hld_gh\uo^bj_dlb\

\wlhch[eZklb

•

mklZgh\e_gb_hjb_glbjh\hqguoij_^_evguo\_ebqbg^ey\k_o

khhl\_lkl\mxsbo\_s_kl\Ih^h[gu_\_ebqbgu^ey^bhdkbgh\[m^ml

him[ebdh\Zgu\]

Ko_fZml\_j`^_gby:dlZh[hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u\[hevrhckl_i_gb

khhl\_lkl\m_lko_f_ml\_j`^_gby^bj_dlb\u

-44'



•

mqZklb_\ih^]hlh\d_%$7^hdmf_glh\ih\k_fijhba\h^kl\Zf

khhl\_lkl\mxsbok_dlhjh\

•

aZdexq_gb_^h[jh\hevguokh]eZr_gbcihkgb`_gbx\u[jhkh\k

ijhfure_gghklvx

J_rZydZdhcdhfie_dkl_ogbq_kdbobZ^fbgbkljZlb\guokj_^kl\ijbgylv

aZ%$7ke_^m_ljmdh\h^kl\h\Zlvkyl_fqlh\hi_j\uoaZ]jyag_gb_

g_h[oh^bfhij_^hl\jZsZlvaZkq_lbkihevah\Zgby[he__qbkluo

l_ogheh]bcaZf_s_gb_fbgbfbaZpbybkihevah\Zgbykujvyb

we_dljhwg_j]bbbkihevah\Zgb_h[hjhlguokbkl_fblib\h\lhjuo

g_ba[_`gh_aZ]jyag_gb_g_h[oh^bfhk\_klbdfbgbfmfmbkihevamyf_ju

ij_^hl\jZs_gbyaZ]jyag_gby\qZklghklbhqbkldm

>ey62

b12

[uebmklZgh\e_guq_ldb_p_ebihbokhdjZs_gbx<

ijhfure_gghklbmf_gvr_gb_\u[jhkh\62

^he`ghkhklZ\blvd

]ihkjZ\g_gbxk\u[jhkZfb\]Zmf_gvr_gb_\u[jhkh\12

\]ihkjZ\g_gbxk\u[jhkZfb\]

<hkgh\_^jm]bobgbpbZlb\dZkZxsbokyijhfure_gghklbe_`Zlh[sb_

aZ^Zqbbbgkljmf_gludhfie_dkghciheblbdb\hlghr_gbbijh^mdpbb

obfbq_kdboij_iZjZlh\j_ZebaZpbbijh]jZffuWg_j]_lbdZb

IjZ\bl_evkl\_ggh]hieZgZihh[jZs_gbxkhloh^ZfbgZ]]

Hloh^u

5.3.2

Ijbjh^hhojZggu_aZ^Zqbk_dlhjZwg_j]_lbdb

AZ^Zqbihmf_gvr_gbxaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_ju\wg_j]_lbq_kdhfk_dlhj_

k\yaZgu\hkgh\ghfk\u[jhkZfb62

, NO

ly`_euof_lZeeh\b&2

<u[jhkuijbijhba\h^kl\_l_ieZbwe_dljhwg_j]bbm`_gZoh^ylkygZ

fbgbfZevghchlf_ld_blsZl_evghdhgljhebjmxlkyq_j_adZq_kl\h

lhieb\Zkh^_j`Zgb_k_jul_ogheh]bxk`b]Zgbyi_qbkgbadbf

ijhba\h^kl\hf12

blinbevlju^_kmevnmjbaZpbxbkoh^ysbo]Zah\

dhgljhev12

\u[hjhqgh_kgb`_gb_dZlZebaZlhjZfbblibiheblbdm

wg_j]hk[_j_`_gby

H[sZyijbjh^hhojZggZyp_evijZ\bl_evkl\Z\k_dlhj_wg_j]_lbdb

aZdexqZ_lky\kgb`_gbb\u[jhkh\&2

gZ\]ihkjZ\g_gbxk

mjh\g_f]b\agZqbl_evghfmf_gvr_gbb^jm]bo\u[jhkh\

>ey^hklb`_gbywlbop_e_cZlZd`_^jm]bof_`^mgZjh^guoihdZaZl_e_c

IjZ\bl_evkl\h\]jZajZ[hlZehieZg^_ckl\bc\k_dlhj_wg_j]_lbdb

Wg_j]_lbdZKh]eZkghwlhfmieZgmihlj_[e_gb_we_dljhwg_j]bb

^he`gh[ulvklZ[bebabjh\Zghijhba\h^kl\hwe_dljhwg_j]bb

hilbfbabjh\Zghb\wg_j]hkgZ[`_gbb\f_klhbkdhiZ_fuo\b^h\lhieb\Z

^he`gu\[hevr_ckl_i_gbbkihevah\Zlvky\hah[gh\ey_fu_bklhqgbdb

wg_j]bbAZ^ZqZkhklhbl\lhfqlh[u\]gZ^hex\hah[gh\ey_fuo

bklhqgbdh\wg_j]bbijboh^behkvh[s_]hihlj_[e_gby

we_dljhwg_j]bb>eyj_ZebaZpbbwlh]hieZgZbkihevam_lkyrbjhdbc

^bZiZahgbgkljmf_glh\mijZ\e_gby

<fZjl_]IZjeZf_gl>Zgbbih^ibkZekh]eZr_gb_hgh\hcj_nhjf_

\wg_j]_lbq_kdhfk_dlhj_<khhl\_lkl\bbkwlbfkh]eZr_gb_f>Zgby



klZg_li_j\hckljZghckha^Z\r_cjughdd\hl&2

qlhhij_^_ebl

]jZgbqgh_agZq_gb_\_ebqbgu]h^h\uo\u[jhkh\&2

\wg_j]_lbq_kdhf

k_dlhj_Djhf_lh]h\[m^ms_f\k_ihlj_[bl_ebwe_dljhwg_j]bb^he`gu

[m^mlihemqZlv\k_[hevrmxqZklvwe_dljbq_kl\ZaZkq_lbkihevah\Zgby

\hah[gh\ey_fuobklhqgbdh\

J_]mebjh\Zgb_k_dlhjZwg_j]_lbdbhkgh\ZghgZaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_h[

we_dljhl_iehb]ZahkgZ[`_gbbijbjh^guf]ZahfDjhf_wlh]h_]h

^hihegy_lp_e_gZijZ\e_ggZyiheblbdZih^hlZpbhgguf\uieZlZf

gZeh]Zfbk[hjZfGZdhg_pkms_kl\m_lljZ^bpbyaZdexq_gbykh]eZr_gbc

f_`^m]hkm^Zjkl\hfbk_dlhjhfwg_j]_lbdbM`_aZdexq_gukh]eZr_gby

ihkljhbl_evkl\m\_ljyguof_evgbpbbkihevah\Zgbx[bhfZkku

5.3.3

Ijbjh^hhojZggu_p_eb\ljZgkihjlghfk_dlhj_

AZ^Zqb>Zgbbhlghkbl_evghaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_juhlljZgkihjlZ

hij_^_e_gu\ke_^mxsboieZgZo^_ckl\bcIeZg^_ckl\bcihljZgkihjlm

]LjZgkihjlgh_^\b`_gb_]bIeZg_^_ckl\bc

IjZ\bl_evkl\Z>ZgbbihkhdjZs_gbx\u[jhkh\&2

ljZgkihjlhf]

Dhgljhev\u[jhkh\hlljZgkihjlZho\Zlu\Z_ldZq_kl\hlhieb\Zk\bg_p

k_jZklZg^Zjlu\u[jhkh\^eygh\uoZ\lhfh[be_cZ\lhfh[bevgZy

l_ogheh]byl_ohkfhljbl_oh[kem`b\Zgb_klbfmebjh\Zgb_h]jZgbq_gbc

ih\eZ^_gbxbbkihevah\ZgbxqZklguoZ\lhfh[be_c^hlZpbhggh_

nbgZgkbjh\Zgb_bklbfmebjh\Zgb_h[s_kl\_ggh]hljZgkihjlZ

we_dljbnbdZpbyih_a^h\bZ\lh[mkh\qlhi_j_ghkblh[jZah\Zgb_

hkgh\gh]hh[t_fZ\u[jhkh\g_ihkj_^kl\_gghdbklhqgbdm

we_dljhklZgpbb

P_eyfb\h[eZklbkhdjZs_gbyaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ

y\eyxlkyihkjZ\g_gbxkmjh\gyfb]

•

mf_gvr_gb_\u[jhkh\12

b+&fbgbfmfgZd]bd

]Ijh^he`_gb_mf_gvr_gby\u[jhkh\^h]

•

\u[jhkul\_j^uoqZklbp\]hjh^Zobihk_edZo^he`gu[ulvkgb`_gu

gZd]Kgb`_gb_\u[jhkh\[m^_lijh^he`Zlvky^h

•

d]i_j_^\b`_gb_\Z\lhfZrbgZo^he`gh[ulvaZf_s_ghgZ

\_ehkbi_^Zfbbeb^\b`_gb_fi_rdhf

AZ]jyag_gb_Zlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ\u[jhkZfbhlljZgkihjlZdjhf_&2

)

\ihke_^gb_]h^umf_gvrbehkvqlhy\behkvj_amevlZlhf\\_^_gby

klZg^Zjlh\gZ\u[jhku^eygh\uoe_]dh\uoZ\lhfh[be_cL_fg_f_g__

k_dlhjljZgkihjlZg_ij_^klZ\ey_lkymklhcqb\uf\ijbjh^hhojZgghf

kfuke_<Z`ghcijh[e_fhcihij_`g_fmy\ey_lky_]hg_]Zlb\gh_

\ha^_ckl\b_gZa^hjh\v_bhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^m

Qlh[ukihkh[kl\h\Zlvihy\e_gbxwdheh]bq_kdb[he__[_ahiZkgh]h

]jmah\h]hljZgkihjlZ\][ueZh[jZah\ZgZdhfbkkbykmqZklb_f

ij_^klZ\bl_e_c\lhfqbke_ljZgkihjlgh]hk_dlhjZbihdmiZl_e_c

ljZgkihjlguokj_^kl\



Qlh[umf_gvrblv\]hjh^Zoijh[e_fuk\yaZggu_kkhklhygb_f

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uba^hjh\vyIjZ\bl_evkl\h\]gZ^_ebeh

fmgbpbiZebl_luaZdhgh^Zl_evghij_^hklZ\e_ggufbiheghfhqbyfbgZ

ijh\_^_gb_wdki_jbf_glh\ihijbgylbxf_jj_]mebjh\Zgbyd

ljZgkihjlghfm^\b`_gbxij_ke_^mybkdexqbl_evghp_ebk\yaZggu_k

wdheh]b_cba^hjh\v_fl_\h[eZklyo]^_fh`ghijbf_gblvhkh[u_

ijbjh^hhojZggu_lj_[h\Zgbyblj_[h\ZgbyhojZgua^hjh\vyDjhf_lh]h

jZa\blb_f_klguoieZgh\ihljZgkihjlghfm^\b`_gbxbhojZg_

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u\dhgl_dkl_f_klghcIh\_kldbh[_ki_qb\Z_l

ih^^_j`dmj_]bhgZevghfmbfmgbpbiZevghfmieZgbjh\ZgbxZlZd`_

^_yl_evghklb\h[eZklbijh\_^_gby]hjh^kdhciheblbdbmklhcqb\hklb

ljZgkihjlgh]hk_dlhjZgZhdjm`ghfbfmgbpbiZevghfmjh\g_

>Zlkdb_ieZgu^_ckl\bcihljZgkihjlghfmk_dlhjmaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h?K

b^ZlkdbcaZdhgh[wdheh]bq_kdb[_ahiZkghfljZgkihjl_\\_ebhq_gv

keh`gmxkbkl_fmj_]mebjh\ZgbyljZgkihjlgh]hk_dlhjZhkgh\ZggmxgZ

klZg^ZjlZoghjfZoieZgZok_dlhjh\nbabq_kdboieZgZob

wdhghfbq_kdbobgkljmf_glZoAZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h>Zgbbih[hjv[_k

aZ]jyag_gb_fhlljZgkihjlZ\h[s_fhljZ`Z_lbgbpbZlb\u?KWlh

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h\hkgh\ghfkhkj_^hlhq_ghgZijh[e_fZo\uau\Z_fuo

e_]dh\ufZ\lhljZgkihjlhf

5.3.4

AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h\h[eZklbhojZguZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ

:dlh[hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u

Dhgdj_lgh_j_]mebjh\Zgb_

Kh]eZkgh:HHKj_]mebjh\Zgb_aZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_juhkms_kl\ey_lky

iml_fijbgylbydhgdj_lguoj_r_gbclZdbodZd\u^ZqZwdheh]bq_kdbo

jZaj_r_gbcaZij_s_gbybijbdZau\hbkiheg_gb_kZfh]haZdhgZ<

jZa^_eZobijb\h^blkyhibkZgb_kbkl_fuwdheh]bq_kdbo

jZaj_r_gbcbj_]mebjh\Zgb_k__ihfhsvxijh[e_fuaZ]jyag_gby

Zlfhkn_ju

H[s__j_]mebjh\Zgb_

<hbkiheg_gb_iheh`_gbc:dlZh[hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u

Fbgbkljhf[uehba^ZghljbihklZgh\e_gbyhdZq_kl\_Zlfhkn_jgh]h

\ha^moZ>\Zbagbo[uebhij_^_evgh^himklbfuo\_ebqbgZokh^_j`Zgby

bqZklbpZlZd`_12

\Zlfhkn_jghf\ha^mo_

<h[ZihklZgh\e_gby

^he`gu[ulv\g_k_gubaf_g_gby\k\yabkj_ZebaZpb_c\>ZgbbJZfhqghc

^bj_dlb\uhdZq_kl\_\ha^moZbkhhl\_lkl\mxsboijhba\h^guo^bj_dlb\

Djhf_wlh]hkms_kl\m_lihklZgh\e_gb_hijh\_^_gbbfhgblhjbg]Zb

hp_gdbkh^_j`ZgbyhahgZ\hdjm`Zxs_cZlfhkn_j_

<wlhf

ihklZgh\e_gbbkh^_j`ZlkyijZ\beZijh\_^_gbyfhgblhjbg]Zbhp_gdb

kh^_j`ZgbyhahgZ\hdjm`Zxs_cZlfhkn_j_bh[m\_^hfe_gbb

h[s_kl\_gghklbhkemqZyoij_\ur_gbyihjh]h\uo\_ebqbg

<hbkiheg_gb_iheh`_gbc:HHKFbgbkljhf[uehba^Zghg_kdhevdh

ihklZgh\e_gbcbf_xsbokbemaZdhgZh[mf_gvr_gbbaZ]jyag_gby

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