Факторы окружающей среды и здоровье человека. Опыт Дании

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k`b]Zgbylhieb\Z\oh^blrbjhdbcki_dljEHKhlijb]hlh\e_gby_^u

bkihevah\Zgbyde__\djZkhqguoihdjulbcb^jm]hcijh^mdpbb

kh^_j`Zs_cjZkl\hjbl_eb

Hloh^u

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LQEHK^bhdkbgbly`_eu_f_lZeeuKhhjm`_gbyihhqbkld_\h^u

y\eyxlkybklhqgbdhf\u[jhkh\EHKbfbdjh[bheh]bq_kdbo

aZ]jyagbl_e_c

K_evkdh_ohayckl\h

<k_evkdhfohayckl\_hkgh\gufb\u[jhkZfby\eyxlky\u[jhkuLQhl

jZ[hlugZiheyoIjhba\h^kl\hl_ieZbwe_dljhwg_j]bbgZgm`^u

hljZkebk_evkdhohayckl\_ggZyl_ogbdZbbkihevah\Zgb_i_klbpb^h\

lZd`_y\eyxlkybklhqgbdZfbaZ]jyag_gby\ha^moZ\wlhfk_dlhj_

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bkdexqbl_evguokemqZ_\BagZ\haZk_evkdhohayckl\_ggh]hkdhlZ

\u^_ey_lkyagZqbl_evgh_dhebq_kl\hZffbZdZ

<lhjbqgu_aZ]jyagbl_eb

AZ]jyagbl_ebdhlhju_h[jZamxlkym`_\Zlfhkn_j_bg_\u^_eyxlky

g_ihkj_^kl\_gghbklhqgbdhfba\_klgudZd\lhjbqgu_aZ]jyagyxsb_

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aZ]jyagbl_evih^^_ckl\b_fkheg_qgh]hk\_lZgZi_j\bqgu_aZ]jyagbl_eb

bEHK;hevrbgkl\hhahgZihklmiZ_l\Zlfhkn_jguc\ha^mogZ

l_jjblhjbx>ZgbbaZkq_lljZgk]jZgbqgh]hi_j_ghkZba^jm]bokljZgBa

^jm]boaZ]jyagbl_e_chkh[_gghkmevnZlh\bgbljZlh\\Zlfhkn_j_fh]ml

h[jZah\u\Zlvkyf_edb_Zwjhahevgu_qZklbpu

H[sbch[t_f\u[jhkh\\Zlfhkn_jguc\ha^moihkljZg_

<lZ[ebp_ijb\h^ylkyh[t_fukj_^g_]h^h\h]hh[jZah\Zgby\u[jhkh\

hlq_luj_ohkgh\guoaZ]jyagbl_e_c\]\>Zgbbihkbkl_f_

hljZke_\h]hmq_lZ\u[jhkh\&25,1$,5&25,1$,5±wlhkbkl_fZmq_lZ

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l_jjblhjbbkljZg^eyij_^klZ\e_gby\hj]Zgu?Kb?\jhi_ckdh_

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LZ[ebpZ5.1 H[sbcihkljZg_h[t_fZgljhih]_gguo\u[jhkh\i_j\bqguoaZ]jyagbl_e_c

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hlghr_gbbdh[s_fmh[t_fm\u[jhkh\ihkljZg_Ih^Zggufkbkl_fu&25,1$,5Bklhqgbd

NERI.

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CO GFEHK

Wg_j]by 55180 72% 73428 32% 13440 2% 1681 1%

G_ijhfure_ggh_

k`b]Zgb_

3528 5% 6316 3% 158325 27% 9582 7%

Ijhfure_ggh_

k`b]Zgb_

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Ijhba\h^kl\_ggu_

ijhp_kku

1441 2% 348 0% 5061 4%

>h[uqZb

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lhieb\Z

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Bkihevah\Zgb_

jZkl\hjbl_e_cb^jm]hc

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>jm]b_i_j_^\b`gu_

bklhqgbdbbl_ogbdZ

4799 6% 57393 25% 69740 12% 13590 9%

I_j_jZ[hldZb

mlbebaZpbyhloh^h\

70 0% 2197 1% 1415 0% 615 0%

K_evkdh_ohayckl\h 1222 1%

>jm]b_bklhqgbdbb

dZgZebaZpbhggu_

dhee_dlhjZkhklhdZfb

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<k_]h 76904 100% 231614 100% 587639 100% 143094 100%

=h\hjyh^jm]boaZ]jyagbl_eyog_h[oh^bfhmdZaZlvqlh\>Zgbb[ueh

ijh\_^_ghgh\h_bkke_^h\Zgb_\u[jhkh\^bhdkbgZhkgh\Zggh_gZ

baf_j_gbyog_ihkj_^kl\_gghmbklhqgbdh\\u[jhkh\Ihhp_gd_

bkke_^h\Zgbch[sbch[t_f\u[jhkh\^bhdkbgZ\Zlfhkn_jm\>Zgbb



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]

5.1.3

GZ[ex^Z_fu_dhgp_gljZpbbaZ]jyagbl_e_c

<>Zgbbfhgblhjbg]aZ]jyag_gby\ha^moZhkms_kl\ey_lkykihfhsvx

khq_lZgbyijh]jZffbaf_j_gbcbfh^_ebjh\ZgbyQ_l\_jlZy>ZlkdZy

ijh]jZffZfhgblhjbg]ZdZq_kl\Z\ha^moZ/03,9gZqZeZkv\yg\Zj_

]1(5,Ijh]jZffZho\Zlu\Z_l]hjh^kdmxk_lvfhgblhjbg]Z

bf_xsmxklZgpbb\q_luj_o^Zlkdbo]hjh^ZoIhemq_ggu_j_amevlZlu

bkihevamxlky^eyhp_gdbaZ]jyag_gby\ha^moZgZ]hjh^kdbol_jjblhjbyo

Ijh]jZffZhkms_kl\ey_lky\khljm^gbq_kl\_f_`^m>ZlkdbfZ]_glkl\hf

hojZguhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uGZpbhgZevgufbgklblmlhf

ijbjh^hhojZgguobkke_^h\Zgbc1(5,=jmiihcfhgblhjbg]Z\ha^moZ\

;hevrhfDhi_g]Z]_g_bfmgbpbiZevgufbhj]ZgZfb]hjh^h\Hjomk

H^_gk_bHe[hj]<gZklhys__\j_fyj_amevlZluim[ebdmxlky\

d\ZjlZevguohlq_lZogZ^Zlkdhfyaud_bgZZg]ebckdhfyaud_hgb

ijb\h^ylky\djZldhf\b^_\]h^h\uohlq_lZoIjh]jZffZfhgblhjbg]Z

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, NO

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lZd`_\dexqZ_lijbf_g_gb_fh^_evguojZkq_lh\gZmjh\g_mebpu

<lZ[ebp_ijb\h^ylkydjZldb_k\_^_gbyba^Zlkdboijh]jZff

fhgblhjbg]Zihihke_^gbfbaf_j_gbyfdhgp_gljZpbchkgh\guo

dhgljhebjm_fuoaZ]jyagbl_e_c\ha^moZ<lZ[ebp_lZd`_ij_^klZ\e_gu

khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ij_^_evgu_agZq_gby?Kdhlhju_h[km`^Zxlky\

jZa^_e_

LZ[ebpZ

5.1

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\ha^moZ^ey]hjh^kdh]hljZgkihjlZb\ahgZofhgblhjbg]Z\k_evkdhcf_klghklbdhlhju_

kjZ\gb\Zxlkykij_^_evgh^himklbfufbagZq_gbyfbmklZgh\e_ggufb\?Kb>Zgbb>Zggu_

aZ]\]f

hl.HPSb3DOPJUHQ]kmdZaZggufbh]h\hjdZfbDhgp_gljZpbb

ij_\urZxsb_ij_^_evgu_agZq_gby\u^_e_gu`bjgufrjbnlhfIj_^_evgu_agZq_gby±wlh

gh\u_ij_^_evgu_\_ebqbgu?KaZbkdexq_gb_fmdZaZgguokemqZ_\=h^dh]^Z\klmiZxl\

kbemgh\u_agZq_gbyijb\h^blky\djm]euokdh[dZo

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11–17 14 125 (2005)

]h^\kj_^g_f

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2.2–4.4 1.5 20 (2001)

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102–117 54-61 200 (2010)

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]h^\kj_^g_f (36)

50 (2005)

20 (2010)

M]Zjguc]Za (CO) qZkZfZdkbfmf 4,970–5,339

10,000

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K\bg_p (Pb) ]h^\kj_^g_f 0.015–0.020 0.5 (2010)

Hahg (O

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qZkh\

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111

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123

92 110

]h^\kj_^g_f 48–50 33

Baf_j_gby\l_q_gb_qZklb]h^Z]h^ZlhevdhgZh^ghcklZgpbb

Ihjh]h\Zy\_ebqbgZjZklbl_evghklv

L_dmsZykj_^gyy\_ebqbgZaZqZkh\kZfZy\ukhdZyaZdZ`^uc^_gv

Ij_^eZ]Z_fZy?Kij_^_evgZy\_ebqbgZ

G_i_j_dju\Zxsb_kykj_^gb_\_ebqbguaZqZkh\

Ihjh]h\Zy\_ebqbgZa^hjh\v_q_eh\_dZ

Ijhba\h^gZy^bj_dlb\Z?Khl]lZd`_lj_[m_lijh\h^blvbaf_j_gby

2.5

l\_j^u_qZklbpu^bZf_ljZf_g__f^eyoZjZdl_jguomqZkldh\

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Baf_j_gbyLQ

2.5

\>ZgbbgZqbgZxlky\]dZdqZklvi_j_kfhlj_gghc

gZpbhgZevghcijh]jZffufhgblhjbg]ZdZq_kl\ZZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ

(LMP-IV).

Hkgh\gu_l_g^_gpbb

Mjh\_gv62

\>Zgbbihkl_i_gghkgb`Zekykh\j_f_gbihke_^hklb`_gby

ibdh\hc\_ebqbgu\]Wlhkgb`_gb_ohjhrh\b^ghihkj_^gbf

\_ebqbgZfhij_^_eyxsbfihdZaZl_eb\u[jhkh\baf_klguobklhqgbdh\

Kj_^gb_dhgp_gljZpbb62

mf_gvrbebkvihqlb\iylvjZaGZ

djZldhkjhqgmxklZlbklbdmdZdgZijbf_jklZlbklbq_kdbcihdZaZl_ev

baf_j_gbyfZdkbfZevghcqZkh\hc\_ebqbgu[hevr_\ebyxlkemqZb

i_j_ghkZgZ[hevrh_jZkklhygb_1(5,]

Kj_^gyydhgp_gljZpby12

g_fgh]hmf_gvrbeZkvihke_\kie_kdZ\dhgp_

o±gZqZe_o]]DjZldhkjhqgZyklZlbklbdZihdZau\Z_lihqlb

ihklhyggu_\_ebqbguihke_g_[hevrh]hih\ur_gby\dhgp_o]]

Kj_^g_]h^h\u_dhgp_gljZpbb12

\]\ljZgkihjlghcahg_

Dhi_g]Z]_gZg_fgh]h\ur_gh\hcij_^_evghc\_ebqbgu?KdhlhjZy

^he`gZ[ulv^hklb]gmlZd]ZdjZldhkjhqgZyklZlbklbdZih12

(19

Zy

fZdkbfZevgZyqZkh\Zy\_ebqbgZihdZau\Z_l\_ebqbgugZfgh]h

gb`_ij_^_evghc\_ebqbgu?K



H[sZydhgp_gljZpbyl\_j^uoqZklbp763ihkl_i_gghkgb`ZeZkv

gZqbgZykdhgpZo]]763baf_jyxlky\>Zgbbko]]gh

baf_j_gbyLQ

gZqZebkv\]I_j\u_j_amevlZlufhgblhjbg]ZLQ

ihdZau\Zxlqlhdhgp_gljZpbyLQ

ihqlblZdZy`_bebg_fgh]h

ij_\urZ_lgh\u_ij_^_evgu_\_ebqbgu?K

Dhgp_gljZpbb[_gaheZb&2\Dhi_g]Z]_g_mf_gvrZxlkygZqbgZykh

\j_f_gbijh\_^_gbybaf_j_gbc\]aZbkdexq_gb_fl_odhe_[Zgbc

dhlhju_k\yaZgukf_l_hjheh]bq_kdhcbaf_gqb\hklvxWlhiZ^_gb_

hljZ`Z_lm\_ebq_gb_qbkeZZ\lhfh[be_ckdZlZebaZlhjZfbljhcgh]h

^_ckl\byDhgp_gljZpby[_gaheZkgbabeZkv\[hevr_ckl_i_gbih

kjZ\g_gbxk^bgZfbdhckgb`_gby&2\ke_^kl\b_kgb`_gbykh^_j`Zgby

[_gaheZ\[_gabg_ijbf_jghk\]^hijb[ebabl_evgh\

]1(5,]

Kl_oihjdZd\]gZqZebijh\h^blvkybaf_j_gbydhgp_gljZpbb

hahgZgZf_lbeZkvl_g^_gpby__mf_gvr_gbyohly\jZagu_]h^u

\_ebqbguagZqbl_evghhlebqZxlky

5.1.4

<ha^_ckl\b_gZq_eh\_dZ

H[s__kmlhqgh_\ha^_ckl\b_aZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_jugZq_eh\_dZ

ij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hckmffm\ha^_ckl\byhlhl^_evguodhglZdlh\wlh]h

q_eh\_dZkaZ]jyag_gguf\ha^mohfijbij_[u\Zgbbq_eh\_dZ\jZaebqguo

kj_^Zo\l_q_gb_kmlhd^hfZijbih_a^dZogZjZ[hlmbh[jZlghgZmebp_

bli<ha^_ckl\b_dZ`^h]hbawlbowe_f_glh\fh`ghhp_gblvdZd

ijhba\_^_gb_dhgp_gljZpbbaZ]jyagyxs_]h\_s_kl\Zb\j_f_gb

gZoh`^_gby\dhgdj_lghckj_^_

B^_ZevghcoZjZdl_jbklbdhcjZkij_^_e_gby\ha^_ckl\bygZq_eh\_dZ[ueZ

[uoZjZdl_jbklbdZhkgh\ZggZygZijyfuobaf_j_gbyodhgp_gljZpbb

dZ`^h]haZ]jyagbl_ey\ahg_^uoZgbydZ`^h]hmqZklgbdZ

j_ij_a_glZlb\ghc\u[hjdbex^_cbabgl_j_kmxs_cgZkp_e_\hc]jmiiu

gZk_e_gbyGhih^h[gZyijh]jZffZg_lhevdhg_ijZdlbqgZghb

l_ogbq_kdbg_\uihegbfZ<f_klhwlh]hdZdZevl_jgZlb\gu_ihdZaZl_eb

\ha^_ckl\bygZgZk_e_gb_rbjhdhbkihevam_lkybaf_j_gb_dZq_kl\Z

hdjm`Zxs_]h\ha^moZ\oZjZdl_jguonbdkbjh\ZgguomqZkldZo

hij_^_e_gguo^eyijh\_^_gbyfhgblhjbg]ZZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ

Baf_j_gb_kj_^g_kmlhqguodhgp_gljZpbcaZ]jyagyxs_]h\_s_kl\Z\

h^ghcnbdkbjh\Zgghclhqd_kbkl_fugZjm`gh]hfhgblhjbg]Zy\ey_lky

ebrvijbf_jgufihdZaZl_e_fnZdlbq_kdh]h\ha^_ckl\bygh\p_ehfwlh

_^bgkl\_ggu_rbjhdhba\_klgu_dhebq_kl\_ggu_^Zggu_ih\ha^_ckl\bx

G_dhlhju_aZ]jyagbl_ebgZijbf_jhahgbf_edh^bki_jkgu_\dexq_gby

LQ

2.5

kjZ\gbl_evghjZ\ghf_jghjZkijhkljZg_gugZ[hevrbo

l_jjblhjbyobbofhgblhjbg]\h]jZgbq_gghfqbke_f_klfh`_l^Zlv

Z^_d\Zlgh_ij_^klZ\e_gb_hdhgp_gljZpbyogZ[hevrbol_jjblhjbyoK

^jm]hcklhjhgudhgp_gljZpbbaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\hlljZgkihjlZ

[ukljhmf_gvrZxlkyihf_j_m^Ze_gbyhl^hjh]kbgl_gkb\guf

^\b`_gb_f:gZeh]bqgufh[jZahff_klhgZoh`^_gb_fgh]bo

ijhfure_gguoaZ]jyagbl_e_ch]jZgbq_ghij_^ijbylbyfbdhlhju_bo

\u^_eyxl



<ha^_ckl\b_\ihf_s_gbyofh`_lkbevghhlebqZlvkyhl\ha^_ckl\bc

gZjm`gh]hZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZDhgp_gljZpbbaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\

\u[jZku\Z_fuo\Zlfhkn_jmfh]mlmf_gvrZlvkyijbbobgnbevljZpbb\

\ha^moihf_s_gbcFh`ghh`b^ZlvqlhlZdh_mf_gvr_gb_[m^_l

fbgbfZevgufih\k_faZ]jyagbl_eyfijbkmlkl\mxsbf\gZjm`ghf

\ha^mo_dh]^ZlZdb_ij_iylkl\by^eyboijhgbdgh\_gby\gmljv

ihf_s_gbcdZdgZijbf_jhdgZb^\_jb[m^mlhldjulubebbog_[m^_l

\h\k_<hlebqb_hlwlh]h_kebihf_s_gbyohjhrhbahebjh\Zgu

mf_gvr_gb_fh`_l[ulvhq_gv[hevrbf\h\j_fyi_jbh^h\

fZdkbfZevgh]hgZ]j_\ZbebhoeZ`^_gby\ha^moZ\ihf_s_gbyo

Dhgp_gljZpbb\ihf_s_gbyolZdbohlghkbl_evghobfbq_kdbg_Zdlb\guo

]Zah\dZd&2beblZdbog_Zdlb\guof_edbol\_j^uoqZklbpdZd

kmevnZluh[uqghihqlblZdb_dZdb\h\g_rg_ckj_^__kebhlkmlkl\mxl

k\hb\gmlj_ggb_bklhqgbdbH^gZdhdhgp_gljZpbb\ihf_s_gbyofh]ml

[ulvbgZfgh]h\ur_q_fkgZjm`b_keb_klvlZdb_bklhqgbdb

aZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\dZd]hjysb_kb]Zj_lubebhldjuluch]hgv

dhlhjucbkihevam_lky^eyijb]hlh\e_gbyibsbbebh[h]j_\Zihf_s_gbc

Obfbq_kdbZdlb\gu_]ZaugZijbf_j2

b62

\klmiZxl\j_Zdpbxk

\_s_kl\Zfbih\_joghkl_c\ihf_s_gbyoihwlhfmdhgp_gljZpbb\

ihf_s_gbyoh[uqghgZfgh]hgb`_q_f\g_bo

Dhgp_gljZpbbaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\ijhba\_^_gguoZ\lhfh[beyfb

\gmljbZ\lhfh[be_cfh]ml[ulvagZqbl_evgh\ur_bokj_^g_]hmjh\gy

kgZjm`bihwlhfmkZfZfZrbgZfh`_lij_^klZ\eylvkh[hc\Z`guc

fbdjhwe_f_glkj_^u

<p_ehfmjh\_gvaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_juih\urZ_lkyijbm\_ebq_gbb

jZaf_jh\]hjh^Zbebbgl_gkb\ghklbmebqgh]h^\b`_gbyWlhlmjh\_gv

h[uqghihgb`Z_lkyijb^\b`_gbbbap_gljZ]hjh^ZdhdjZbgZfb\

k_evkdmxf_klghklv<>Zgbb\[hevrbo]hjh^Zo`b\_lijbf_jgh

fbeebhgh\q_eh\_d\lhfqbke_ijbf_jghfbeebhgh\±gZklhebqghc

l_jjblhjbbDhi_g]Z]_gZGZk_e_gb_ijh`b\Zxs__gZmebpZok

bgl_gkb\guf^\b`_gb_fhkh[_gghih^\_j`_gh\ha^_ckl\bx

aZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\\u[jZku\Z_fuoljZgkihjlhf

K\bg_pbI:My\eyxlkyaZ]jyagbl_eyfb\ha^moZdhlhju_fh]ml

ijhgbdZlv\hj]Zgbafq_eh\_dZhihkj_^h\ZggufbimlyfbLZdb_

^hihegbl_evgu_imlb\ha^_ckl\byy\eyxlkyij_h[eZ^Zxsbfbih

kjZ\g_gbxkijyfuf\ha^_ckl\b_fijbihklmie_gbbaZ]jyagyxsbo

\_s_kl\\hj]Zgbafq_eh\_dZq_j_a^uoZl_evgmxkbkl_fmL\_j^u_

qZklbpu\\uoehiguo]ZaZokh^_j`Zsb_k\bg_pbebI:Mhk_^ZxlgZ

ih\_joghklva_febbfh]mlihiZ^Zlv\hj]Zguibs_\Zj_gbybeb

g_ihkj_^kl\_gghbaihq\ugZb]jh\uoiehsZ^dZobeb_kebaZghkylky\

^hfZdZddhfihg_gl^hfZrg_ciuebwlhhkh[_gghhlghkblkyd

fZe_gvdbf^_lyfDjhf_wlh]hqZklbpuk\bgpZbI:Mhk_\rb_gZ

jZkl_gbyobebk_evkdhohayckl\_gguoiheyofh]mlkhojZgblvky\

ijh^mdlZoiblZgbyblZdbfh[jZahf\ha^_ckl\h\ZlvgZhj]Zgbafq_eh\_dZ

>bhdkbgui_j_ghkylky\ha^mohfh^gZdhbo\ha^_ckl\b_qZs_\k_]h

ijhbkoh^blq_j_aihklmiZxsmx\hj]Zgbafibsmhkh[_gghju[mb

ijh^mdlu`b\hlgh\h^kl\Zkih\ur_ggufkh^_j`Zgb_f`bjZ\dhlhjhf

^bhdkbgubf_xlh[udgh\_gb_gZdZieb\Zlvky



5.1.5

AgZq_gb_khklhygbyZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ^eya^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZ

IhiZ^ZgbyaZ]jyagyxsboZlfhkn_jm\_s_kl\\hj]Zgbafq_eh\_dZq_j_a

kbkl_fm^uoZgby\ijbgpbi_ba[_`Zlvg_\hafh`ghAZ]jyagbl_eb

\u[jZku\Z_fu_\Zlfhkn_jm\ha^_ckl\mxlgZex^_cdh]^Zhgb

gZoh^ylkygZhldjulhf\ha^mo_AZ]jyagbl_eblZd`_ijhgbdZxl\^hfZgZ

jZ[hqb_f_klZb\Z\lhfh[beb^hihegyym`_kms_kl\mxs__\gbo

nhgh\h_aZ]jyag_gb_bh[_ki_qb\Zydjm]ehkmlhqgh_\ha^_ckl\b_gZ

ex^_c

Hq_gvljm^ghij_^hklZ\blvlhqgmxdhebq_kl\_ggmxbgnhjfZpbxh

ihke_^kl\byoaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_ju^eygZk_e_gby>Zgbbihlhfmqlh\

>Zgbb\wlZh[eZklvfZehbkke_^h\ZgZH^gZdh\^jm]bokljZgZohkh[_ggh

\K_\_jghc:f_jbd_\ihke_^gb_^_kylve_lgZ[ex^Z_lkyagZqbl_evgh_

m\_ebq_gb_k\_^_gbch[hljbpZl_evguoihke_^kl\byoaZ]jyag_gby

Zlfhkn_ju^eya^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZ

<gZklhys__\j_fykms_kl\m_lh[s__fg_gb_hkgh\Zggh_gZ\u\h^Zo

fgh]bobkke_^h\Zgbcbhp_gdZo<HAijh\_^_gguo\wlhch[eZklbqlh

aZ]jyag_gb_Zlfhkn_jugZkms_kl\mxs_f\AZiZ^ghc?\jhi_mjh\g_

fh`_lijb\_klbdagZqbl_evgufg_]Zlb\gufihke_^kl\byf^eya^hjh\vy

gZk_e_gby;uehh[gZjm`_ghqlhaZ]jyag_gb_Zlfhkn_ju\eby_lgZ

ihdZaZl_ebaZ[he_\Z_fhklbbkf_jlghklb\qZklghklbm\_ebqb\ZylZdb_

klZlbklbq_kdb_ihdZaZl_ebg_]Zlb\guoihke_^kl\bcdZdmjh\_gv

kf_jlghklbdhebq_kl\hkemqZ_\]hkiblZebaZpbbihy\e_gb_mgZk_e_gby

j_kibjZlhjghckbfilhfZlbdbijb_fijhlb\hZklfZlbq_kdboe_dZjkl\

hkeZ[e_gb_e_]hqghcnmgdpbbdhebq_kl\hg_\uoh^h\gZjZ[hlmbeb

ijhimkdh\aZgylbc\rdhe_bli

KqblZ_lkyijbagZggufqlhhl^_evgu_]jmiiugZk_e_gbyih^\_j]Zxlky

jbkdmwlhhkh[_gghhlghkblkydkemqZyfkbevgh]h\ha^_ckl\bybeb

kemqZyf\u[jhkh\\Zlfhkn_jmk\ukhdbfmjh\g_fkh^_j`Zgby

aZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\<jZaebqguobkke_^h\Zgbyo]jmiiujbkdZ

hij_^_eyxlkydZdex^bkljZ^Zxsb_ojhgbq_kdbfbj_kibjZlhjgufb

aZ[he_\Zgbyfbk_j^_qghkhkm^bklufbaZ[he_\Zgbyfbij_klZj_eu_

feZ^_gpub^_lb<k_\f_kl_wlb]jmiiukhklZ\eyxl^h\hevgh\ukhdbc

ijhp_gl\k_]hgZk_e_gbyKe_^m_lhlf_lblvqlh^Z`_ijbk_]h^gyrgbo

hlghkbl_evghgbadbomjh\gyokh^_j`ZgbyaZ]jyagyxsbo\_s_kl\ih

kjZ\g_gbxkij_`gbfb\j_f_gZfbfufh`_fh`b^Zlvg_]Zlb\guo

ihke_^kl\bc^eya^hjh\vyb]eZ\gufh[jZahfmmdZaZgguo]jmiijbkdZ

<]Fbgbkl_jkl\hfhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ubwg_j]_lbdb[ueZkha^ZgZ

f_`\_^hfkl\_ggZyjZ[hqZy]jmiiZ?_aZ^ZqZaZdexqZeZkv\hp_gd_

ihke_^kl\bcaZ]jyag_gbyZlfhkn_ju\>Zgbb^eya^hjh\vygZk_e_gbygZ

hkgh\_kms_kl\mxsboagZgbcbkhkh[ufZdp_glhfgZihke_^kl\by

ijbf_g_gbygh\uoij_^eh`_gguo?Kij_^_evguo\_ebqbgJ_amevlZlu

hp_gdbwlhcjZ[hq_c]jmiiuihdZaZebqlhl\_j^u_qZklbpubhahg±wlh

l_aZ]jyagbl_ebZlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZ\>Zgbbdhlhju_y\eyxlky

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a^hjh\vygZk_e_gby

L\_j^u_qZklbpu

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njZdpbyf\aZ\bkbfhklbhlk\hbojZaf_jh\Wib^_fbheh]bq_kdbfb

bkke_^h\Zgbyfb[uehh[gZjm`_ghqlhnjZdpbyf_edh^bki_jkguo

\dexq_gbcLQ

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k\yaZgZkhljbpZl_evgufbihke_^kl\byfb^eya^hjh\vy<lZ[ebpZob

mdZaZgZaZ\bkbfhklvj_Zdpbbhl^hauf_`^mqZklbpZfbb

ihke_^kl\byfb^eya^hjh\vyhlbodjZldhkjhqgh]hb^ebl_evgh]h

\ha^_ckl\bydhlhjZy[ueZmklZgh\e_gZ<HA\]\

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LZ[ebpZ

5.1

K\yavf_`^m^g_\gufbi_jbh^Zfbkhkj_^g_cdhgp_gljZpb_cLQ

khklZ\eyxs_cb]f

bm\_ebq_gb_fkemqZ_\ijh[e_fkha^hjh\v_fkj_^bgZk_e_gby\

fbeebhg<HA]

IhdZaZl_evihke_^kl\bc^ey

a^hjh\vy

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a^hjh\vy\ua\Zgguolj_o^g_\guf\ha^_ckl\b_f

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j_kibjZlhjgufb

aZ[he_\Zgbyfb

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4863 10514

H[hklj_gb_kbfilhfZlbdb

q_e^g_c

5185 11267

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5.2

K\_^_gbyh[baf_g_gbbkhklhygbya^hjh\vyijb^ebl_evgh_\ha^_ckl\b_

2.5

kj_^g_cdhgp_gljZpbb]f

fh^bnbpbjh\Zggu_^Zggu_ba<HA]

Ihke_^kl\by^eya^hjh\vy

J_ZdpbygZ^ebl_evgh_\ha^_ckl\b_

2.5

kj_^g_cdhgp_gljZpbb]f

M\_ebq_gb_kf_jlghklbaZ]h^gZk_e_gb_\

p_ehf

+ 7-14 %

M\_ebq_gb_kemqZ_\[jhgobZevghc

kbfilhfZlbdbgZk_e_gb_\p_ehf

+ 34 %

M\_ebq_gb_kemqZ_\[jhgobZevghc

kbfilhfZlbdbm^_l_caZ]h^gZ

^_l_c

+ 3350

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f_g__hlghjfZevghcijh]ghabjm_fhc

nmgdpbbgZ^_l_c

+ 4000

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ihjh]h\u_\_ebqbgu\ha^_ckl\byl\_j^uoqZklbpgZa^hjh\v_KjZ\gb\Zy

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2,5

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kf_jlghklbijb[ebabl_evghgZkemqZ_\gZfbeebhgq_eh\_db